Public Health Nursing最新文献

Objectives: To explore public health nurses' (PHN) perceptions and experiences of supporting siblings of children with complex care needs (CCNs) by using reading groups as a health promotion intervention in upper secondary schools.

Design: An action research approach using a qualitative design.

Sample: Interviews with 10 PHNs.

Measurements: Thematic analysis.

Results: The analysis resulted in the overarching theme "A much needed health promotion intervention in upper secondary schools," presented in terms of the following three themes: (1) supporting siblings is important, but resources and established procedures are lacking. (2) Reading groups using fiction have potential as a health-promoting intervention in upper secondary schools. (3) A realistic collaborative approach is necessary for reading groups to be implemented.

Conclusion: PHNs have no established procedures to support siblings of children with CCNs in upper secondary schools. Reading groups can enable PHNs to reach out and support these siblings. Providing the intervention can be a way of reaching all pupils and thus creating an understanding of the plight of siblings who have a brother or sister with CCNs.

At-home storage of medications could pose a threat to public health and the environment if not handled appropriately. Excessive storage also creates health care and economic burdens. This study investigated storage practices, waste, and their determinants in China. Data were collected by pharmacy staff of urban-dwelling households via online questionnaires. Descriptions at the household and medicine levels were conducted in Stata 16. Individual and family characteristics were associated with the presence of household medicine storage (84.6%, n = 5290), but storage location was poor. Expiration was the primary reason for discarding medicines. Respondents were inclined to buy medicines in pharmacies without prescription for storage purposes at out-of-pocket expenses, and 60.7% of medicines were purchased at out-of-pocket expenses, despite medical insurance coverage. Regarding wastage, 11.2% of medicines had expired and 38.2% were no longer needed. Purchasing for storage purposes was related to less waste due to expiration, while purchasing for treating acute diseases rather than chronic diseases was related to more waste, due to less for use. Accounting for 12.2% of all medications, antibiotics were associated with expiration and no further need for use. Source-control measures targeting health facilities, pharmacies, and residents are needed under the combined efforts of all relevant departments.

Aims: The purpose of this research is to quantify the knowledge of students about HIV, social media contribution, and their satisfaction with the government and society's acceptance of HIV patients.

Methodology: A cross-sectional survey of 579 participants was conducted at Punjab University, University of Peshawar, Karachi University, Baluchistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences University, and Quaid-i-Azam University. Student self-administered surveys included demographics, knowledge, government satisfaction, social media rumors, and PLWHA acceptability.

Result: The response rate was 96.5%. The four variables are knowledge, government satisfaction, social media rumors, and HIV patient acceptance. The knowledge score in married males (Beta = -0.075) and married females (Beta = -0.022), government satisfaction in married males (Beta = 0.087) and females (-0.412), social media rumors in married males (Beta = -0.125) and married female (Beta = -0.301, and HIV acceptance in society married male -0.301 and married female 0.07. the knowledge and government satisfaction, score showed that males had higher knowledge about HIV than married females. Married women say HIV acceptability in society is strong, whereas men believe social media spreads less misinformation. Similarly, there is a negative correlation between government satisfaction social media rumors (-0.687^**) and HIV acceptance in society (-0.687^**). HIV acceptance has a strong correlation with knowledge (0.711^**) and social media rumors (0.727^**). The p < 0.001 indicates that there is a significant correlation.

Conclusion: Sufficient knowledge and the positive role of social media, effective government contributions to eradicate HIV, and more awareness and knowledge can significantly change the attitude of the community toward PLWHA.

Objective: Despite a brief decline during the COVID-19 pandemic, vaping behaviors among adolescents continue to be an international public health concern because of associated health risks and harms. A thorough investigation of existing interventions preventing adolescent vaping is needed to help address this public health crisis and reduce serious and avoidable vaping-related health risks. We reviewed the literature to identify public health interventions aimed at preventing adolescent vaping and summarized their key components and outcome measures.

Design: We conducted a scoping review of the literature using the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology searching in MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, PubMed, PsycINFO, ProQuest, and Web of Science. Two reviewers screened 589 records for relevance. Studies from any location, reported in English, and described vaping prevention interventions targeting adolescents were included. Records were excluded if they were reported in other languages, published outside the review timeframe, lacked an evaluation, focused on cessation-based interventions, or were review articles. Data extracted included intervention type, key components, and outcome measures.

Results: Thirty-eight included articles were identified and categorized into three intervention categories: school-based, public education/risk communication campaigns, and public policies/government regulations. Key components of the interventions included format, duration, and topics. Formats varied from single to multi-sessions. Prominent topics covered included risks and harms associated with vaping, and the most frequently reported outcome measures used were knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs.

Conclusion: Our findings summarize existing public health interventions found in the literature and insights into approaches used to address the global adolescent vaping crisis.

Objective: The objective of this study was to enhance the knowledge base of primary school children regarding earthquake preparedness through the implementation of an activity-based earthquake awareness education program.

Methods: The study was conducted as pre-posttest semi-experimental design with one group of 333 children in a primary school between January and May 2024. A Descriptive Information Form and Earthquake Awareness Knowledge Level Form were the data collection tools. The children were provided with a 6-week (modules) education program. Measurements were made before and after the education.

Results: The mean age of the children was 7.16 ± 0.73 years (6-9), 56.8% were girls, 43.2% were boys, and 25.8% were second-grade children. Earthquake Awareness Knowledge Level Form total score was higher after the education (18.31 ± 1.52) than before (15.51 ± 3.73) (t = -16.144, p < 0.001). The study revealed an increase in children's knowledge regarding appropriate behaviors in the context of earthquakes, encompassing actions to be taken before, during, and after such events.

Conclusion: Modular education and applied activities are effective in increasing children's knowledge levels in the context of teaching a concept such as earthquake preparedness, where the acquisition of life-based skills is of paramount importance.

Objectives: To identify the effects of message-framing interventions on improving health outcomes of individuals in diabetes health education communication.

Methods: Four electronic databases including Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were the search engines used. The period of literature search was from their inception until December 2023. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-experimental trials reporting the effects of message-framing interventions for diabetes were included.

Results: The review included 10 studies. Many studies have investigated multiple health outcomes. Of the seven studies that evaluated behavioral health-related outcomes, all studies (7/7, 100%) found a positive effect, and four studies (4/7, 57.1%) found that there was no significant difference between gain and loss framing. Of the seven studies that assessed nonbehavioral health-related outcomes, six studies (6/7, 85.7%) reported a positive postintervention effect, whereas four studies (4/7, 57.1%) found that loss-framed messages were more effective. One study (1/7, 14.3%) reported that there was no effect of the message framing on mental health-related outcomes.

Conclusions: In diabetes health education communication, message framing of gain and loss framing has a positive effect on health outcomes for individuals. The advantage of the loss framing is more significant in improving nonbehavioral health-related outcomes.

Practice implications: When constructing a message to promote health outcomes for patients with diabetes, the message framing is worth applying, and the advantages of loss framing can be considered more.

Trial registration: PROSPERO registration ID: CRD42023445074. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=445074.

Background: This study examines the perspectives of individuals with coronary heart disease (CHD) on a nurse-led eHealth cardiac rehabilitation (NeCR) program, which included a website, tele-monitoring device, and social media chatroom.

Methods: Using a descriptive qualitative approach, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 participants to capture their feedback and experiences with the NeCR program.

Results: Participants found the NeCR program valuable in addressing gaps in cardiac rehabilitation services in China, empowering them to make behavioral changes and enhancing their social motivation. However, they also highlighted the need for a more user-friendly website, better symptom management during exercise, and stronger privacy protections in the peer networking chatroom. The study concludes that the NeCR program is feasible in providing accessible rehabilitative services at home post-discharge. Recommendations include improving the self-monitoring platform for ease of use, incorporating immediate symptom management guidance during exercise, and ensuring a secure environment for online peer support.

Conclusions: These findings offer crucial insights for developing patient-centered eHealth cardiac rehabilitation services, emphasizing the importance of user-friendly design, effective symptom management features, and privacy protection in promoting participant engagement with e-platforms.

Trial registration: ChiCTR1800020411 (http://www.chictr.org.cn/showprojen.aspx?proj=33906).

Background: Hepatitis is a serious global health issue. To reduce mortality, early screening for liver disease has been recommended in community health policies, particularly for asymptomatic individuals.

Aim: This study explored the link between liver function biomarkers and how quickly people adopt a new multiple cancer screening program, using the diffusion of innovation (DOI) Theory.

Methods: The study included 57,939 participants from a community-based screening program in Keelung, Taiwan, between January 1, 2001, and December 31, 2010. Data on demographics and lifestyle habits were collected through questionnaires, and blood samples were analyzed to measure biomarkers related to liver function.

Results: On average, participants took 3.48 years to accept the new screening program. People with healthier lifestyles, such as those who drank alcohol less often, were more likely to adopt the screening early. Additionally, those with higher levels of liver-related biomarkers like albumin, total protein, and ALT joined even sooner. In conclusion, using DOI theory, the study found that personal lifestyle and liver function play a role in how quickly individuals adopt a new screening system.

Conclusion: These insights can help healthcare providers improve early screening efforts, particularly for people at risk of hepatitis and liver cancer, potentially reducing related deaths.

Objective: This study aimed to identify key determinants by stage of implementation of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination among children of immigrant women in South Korea.

Design: Cross-sectional descriptive study.

Sample: The sample comprised 262 Chinese, Vietnamese, and Korean-Chinese women with children living in South Korea.

Methods: The survey was conducted using self-report questionnaires. The HPV vaccination levels in children were classified into four transition stages. Sequential logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the factors affecting the transition of HPV vaccination status.

Results: Social norms had the greatest influence on the intention to vaccinate. Perceived barriers were a significant factor associated with intention or initiation of vaccination, whereas perceived severity and susceptibility were associated with the intention and initiation stages, respectively. Upon the initiation of HPV vaccination, low perception of discrimination in healthcare was associated with continued vaccination.

Conclusion: Given the importance of completing multiple doses of the HPV vaccine within a given timeframe, it is important to provide culturally appropriate interventions in stages to prevent dropouts.

Objective: This study was carried out to reveal the relationship between contraceptive intents, religious attitudes, and spiritual resources of married Muslim women.

Methods: The study was conducted using a descriptive-correlational design. The study was conducted with 273 participants between July and November 2023. To collect data, the Personal Information Form, Trait Sources of Spirituality Scale, Ok-Religious Attitude Scale, and Contraceptive Intent Questionnaire were used. The data were evaluated using Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis, and Spearman correlation tests.

Results: No significant relationship was found between the total and sub-scales of the Contraceptive Intent Questionnaire, Trait Sources of Spirituality Scale, and Ok-Religious Attitude Scale (p > 0.05). A positive and high correlation was detected between the total, emotion, relationship, and behavior sub-scales of the Trait Sources of Spirituality Scale and Ok-Religious Attitude Scale (p < 0.05). The contraceptive intent levels of women were found to be associated with some of their socio-demographic and obstetric variables (age, previous delivery method, sex of existing children, and contraceptive method used). The only variable that showed a significant relationship with all three scales was found to be the sex of the existing children of women.

Conclusion: Some socio-demographic and obstetric characteristics of married Muslim women are related to the sex of the child they have, their contraceptive intents, spiritual resources, and religious attitudes. In contraceptive counseling services provided to Muslim women, their religious attitudes and spiritual resources should be taken into consideration.