Public Health Nursing最新文献

Objective: This study explored barriers to cardiovascular rehabilitation (CR) participation among individuals with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and risk factors in a rural, low-resource setting.

Design: A qualitative study using focus groups.

Sample: 21 individuals (76% women, 71% with CVD risk factors, 48% with incomplete elementary education) were recruited from a public health system.

Measurements: Data were collected through six focus groups and analyzed using thematic analysis.

Intervention: None.

Results: Six overarching themes emerged. Participants had limited awareness of CR, with lack of knowledge being the primary barrier. Technological challenges hindered engagement with telerehabilitation programs. Medication was the most common treatment strategy, but patients expressed a need for more information. While physical exercise was recognized as important, barriers such as lack of time and motivation prevented participation. Perceptions of health status varied, with some reporting improvements and others experiencing deterioration. Family support and access to virtual programs were identified as facilitators of CR participation.

Conclusions: Strategies to improve CR awareness, enhance virtual access, and strengthen patient education are needed to increase participation in rural populations.

Objective: This study aimed to assess gynecological cancer awareness and healthy lifestyle levels among women in Türkiye.

Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional design was applied with 656 women from various Turkish regions. Data were collected using a sociodemographic form, the Gynecological Cancer Awareness Scale, and the Healthy Lifestyle Screening Scale.

Results: The median gynecological cancer awareness score was 147.00, and the median healthy lifestyle score was 95.00. A positive, significant correlation was found between awareness and healthy lifestyle scores (r_s = 0.359; p < 0.001). Awareness differed significantly by education, employment, motherhood, gynecological examination and Pap smear frequency, cancer knowledge, fear of cancer, and age (p < 0.05). Healthy lifestyle scores were significantly related to income, smoking, perceived health, and regular exercise (p < 0.05).

Conclusions: Women generally demonstrated above-average gynecological cancer awareness, and higher awareness was linked to healthier lifestyles. Overall, 1.2% had a very low, 14.6% low, 75.9% good, and 8.3% very good healthy lifestyle level. These findings suggest that nurses should implement educational and counseling programs to enhance women's gynecological cancer awareness and promote healthy lifestyle behaviors.

Public health nursing plays a crucial role in advancing health equity and social justice. This is despite a lack of investment and recognition in public health nursing. This editorial argues that in order for public health nursing to optimise opportunities to pursue and advocate for health equity, it will require solid investment in the workforce and leadership and changes in health care design, organisation and delivery. It will also need to recruit and support a diverse workforce that mirrors the population it serves.

Objective: This scoping review evaluates the effectiveness of community-based interventions addressing frailty's multidimensional impacts (physical, nutritional, and psychosocial) in older adults, emphasizing nurses' roles in crisis-responsive care during pandemics.

Design: A scoping review was conducted using Arksey & O'Malley's framework and PRISMA-ScR guidelines.

Sample: Thirty-one studies were from 2019 to 2023, sourced from PubMed and Scopus, spanning five continents.

Measurements: Study quality was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale; outcomes included frailty reduction and quality-of-life metrics.

Intervention: Interventions included physical rehabilitation (e.g., Otago Exercise Program), nutritional optimization, psychosocial support, technology-enhanced models (e.g., telemedicine), and social engagement.

Results: Multicomponent interventions outperformed single-domain approaches, improving gait speed, reducing frailty progression, and mitigating depression. Telemedicine maintained 78% care continuity during lockdowns. Asian family-centered models excelled, but 84% of evidence came from high-income countries, highlighting low- and middle-income country (LMIC) gaps.

Conclusions: Gerontological nurses are pivotal in delivering culturally adapted care by coordinating interprofessional home-based teams, integrating gerotechnology in resource-limited settings, and advocating for policy reforms to bridge urban-rural disparities. These findings underscore nursing's role in equitable, resilient frailty management.

Objective: Climate change is contributing to increasing rates of vector-borne diseases, affecting global population health. As the largest group of regulated health professionals, nurses play an integral role in climate-related health challenges. The purpose of this research study was to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of registered nurses in Canada related to climate sensitive vector-borne diseases.

Design: Cross-sectional survey.

Sample: A national online survey was distributed to practicing registered nurses, through contact with nursing organizations and regulatory bodies, as well as social media.

Measurements: Three hundred and eighty-two survey responses were included in data analysis.

Results: Research findings suggest that nurses' knowledge on climate change and vector-borne diseases was limited, especially among frontline nurses and those in Western and Northern regions of Canada. There was greater knowledge of Lyme disease compared to West Nile virus, particularly among nurses working in endemic areas. Participants did not often consider vector-borne diseases in practice and demonstrated a lack of confidence and preparedness in addressing in practice.

Conclusions: The study validates that while climate-related issues are important for nurses, nurses must be better prepared to address vector-borne diseases in practice and assume a greater role in leading change to advocate for a climate-resilient future.

Objective: To examine the impact of the New Families (NF) home visiting program on first-time parents' parental self-efficacy (PSE) assessed at six weeks and three months postnatally and to explore associations between PSE and the selected possible predictors "depressive symptoms" and "perception of sleep".

Design: A prospective nonrandomized controlled trial.

Sample: The intervention group (N = 142 mothers/121 fathers at baseline) received NF and standard care (traditional child health program). The control group (N = 86 mothers/76 fathers) received standard care.

Measures: PSE was measured by the Perceived maternal parental self-efficacy tool (PMP S-E).

Results: In a socioeconomic low-risk sample, we found a statistically significant positive impact of NF on fathers' PSE at six weeks. No statistically significant impact was detected among fathers at three months or at any time point among mothers. Depressive symptoms and perception of insufficient sleep were associated with lower PSE in mothers.

Conclusion: NF shows potential for reaching out to fathers and should be further investigated because there is a need for interventions supporting fathers postnatally. Despite the lack of impact on mothers' PSE, further investigation of how to reach mothers with depressive symptoms and sleep issues would be of interest.

Clinical trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04162626).

Background: Gaps in nursing curriculum were a driver in developing a public health disaster simulation. As the largest profession of healthcare providers, nurses' preparation of disaster planning is a key component to baccalaureate nursing education.

Problem: Schools of nursing are underway to incorporate the updated American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) Essentials into their curriculums, tasking educators to thread population health competencies throughout the future curricula. Within competency 3.6, the approach in which curriculum prepares nurses to ensure disaster relief and training exist within communities and the policies in place to ensure preparation of the response.

Approach: Using Knowledge to Action framework a public health disaster simulation was developed using evidence-based strategies for development, evaluation, facilitation as well as multiple simulated victims.

Outcomes: When developing the simulated learning experience, interprofessional program learning outcomes were reviewed, and program representatives were invited to participate in development discussions to ensure that student learning competencies and cross-curricular concepts were thoughtfully integrated.

Conclusions: Utilizing simulation to prepare nurses for disaster response enhances their competence in large-scale disaster management, interprofessional, and communication.

Objective: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health threat, with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) serving as a critical reservoir for active TB transmission. Community nurses play a pivotal role in LTBI screening, yet their knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) remain insufficiently studied. This study aimed to assess the KAP levels regarding LTBI screening among community nurses.

Methods: A stratified random sampling study was conducted among 180 community nurses from eight districts in Nanjing between September 2023 and October 2023. Participants completed a digital questionnaire consisting of two sections: a general information section that collected demographic and occupational data (age, gender, educational level, work experience, TB screening experience, and training frequency) and a KAP assessment section that evaluated LTBI screening competencies through 25 knowledge items, 7 attitude items and 18 practice items. Observation indicators included knowledge scores (0-25; passing ≥ 20), attitude scores (7-35; passing ≥ 28), and practice scores (18-90; passing ≥ 72). Statistical associations between demographic variables and KAP scores were analyzed using independent t-tests, analysis of variance, and multivariate logistic regression.

Results: A total of 172 valid questionnaires were analyzed (response rate: 95.56%). Community nurses demonstrated moderate knowledge scores (median: 19/25, passing rate: 45.35%), strong positive attitudes (median: 34/35, passing rate: 90.69%), and excellent practical adherence (median: 90/90, passing rate: 97.09%). Univariate analysis revealed significant differences across age groups, educational levels, work experience, TB screening exposure, and training frequency (p < 0.05). Multivariate regression identified training frequency, age, TB screening experience, and education as key predictors of competency (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Community nurses demonstrated strong adherence to LTBI screening practices but exhibited critical knowledge gaps, particularly regarding novel diagnostic tools, such as recombinant TB fusion protein. By aligning training with evolving clinical demands, this study contributes actionable insights to enhance community-level TB control and strengthen global efforts to eradicate TB.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a simulation-based online education program in enhancing skills, knowledge, and confidence related to proactive epidemiological investigation (PEI) among public health nursing students in Japan.

Methods: A randomized controlled trial with pretest-posttest assessments was conducted among 50 students (n = 26 intervention; n = 24 control) in Japan. The intervention group completed a pretest, the simulation, and a posttest. The control group took the posttest first and later received the simulation. Outcome measures included PEI skill attainment, knowledge acquisition, satisfaction, and self-confidence, all assessed via self-reported questionnaires.

Results: Compared to the control group, the intervention group demonstrated significant improvements in skills, knowledge, and overall learning outcomes related to PEI. They also demonstrated an enhanced understanding of key areas, including COVID-19 risk factors and PEI methods, along with significantly higher levels of satisfaction and self-confidence in learning.

Conclusions: Simulation-based online education can enhance skills, knowledge, and confidence related to PEI among public health nursing students. This approach aligns with international standards and provides a scalable solution for strengthening pandemic preparedness in public health nursing education, although limited by self-reported outcomes and the lack of long-term follow-up.

Trial registration: UMIN000050480.

Objective: This study investigated the effect of awareness-based disaster education on women's disaster awareness and preparedness.

Materials and methods: In a randomized controlled trial, 120 women who participated in public education center courses were randomly assigned to a control group and an experimental group (n = 60 each). Participants were women aged 18-65 in western Turkey. The participants in the experimental group received disaster education based on a structured awareness programme, while the control group received nutrition education. The validated instruments were used to assess disaster awareness and disaster preparedness. The intervention covered disaster types, preparedness strategies, emergency kits, evacuation plans, and basic first aid. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a form for sociodemographic characteristics, a form for disaster awareness assessment, and the Disaster Preparedness Scale. Pre-tests were administered to both groups, and post-tests were conducted four weeks after the intervention.

Results: After controlling for confounders and pre-test scores using ANCOVA, education was found to have a significant and large effect on the Disaster Preparedness Scale total score (p < 0.001; partial η² = 0.70). The post-test scores of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group.

Conclusion: Women who received awareness-based disaster education improved disaster awareness and preparedness. It is recommended that this education be incorporated into disaster training programs. The community is more aware and prepared for natural disasters due to the measures that have been taken.