Public Health Nursing最新文献

Objective: Health-seeking behavior related to the utilization of health services has experienced exceptionally noteworthy changes after the COVID-19 pandemic. That is telemedicine, which has become more commonplace amid lockdowns. The pandemic status has ended today, but since telemedicine utilization has numerous benefits, the innovation must stay accessible. This systematic review aimed to describe telemedicine utilization and which factors could become enablers and barriers.

Design: The literature search for the review was conducted in November 2024. The articles reviewed were published in 2019-2024 and selected from Science Direct, Springer, ProQuest, and EBSCOhost databases.

Results: The articles were research articles and used qualitative methods. Based on search results, screening process, and review articles, we describe enabling factors and barriers of telemedicine utilization through users' (patients) and providers' (health practitioners) points of view. We also define infrastructures, such as smart city development, that contribute to the development of telemedicine.

Conclusions: Future research into people's perception of telemedicine, developing telemedicine technology, and finding alternatives to getting electricity and internet connection with a low budget will promote telemedicine utilization.

In the past two decades, disasters have directly affected the lives of nearly 1.23 million people. Asia is the most affected region in the world by all types of disasters, such as war and natural disasters, accounting for 44% of all disasters, 58% of total deaths, and 70% of all victims. Iran has remained one of the most heavily impacted countries by various disasters. Emergency nurses are expected to use their professional expertise to provide the necessary nursing services to reduce disaster-related risks. Nurses at all levels of healthcare play a crucial role in disaster risk management and must possess the readiness and core competencies to respond to disasters. Therefore, core nursing competencies in emergency situations are essential for dealing with disasters. Policymakers have been too busy or lack the expertise to read and understand complex scientific articles. As a result, they need policy briefs that cover the key points so they can plan and implement the necessary interventions based on evidence. Thus, the aim of this study is to provide a framework for producing policy briefs for policymaking and enhancing nurses' core competencies in disasters by policymakers in government and health authorities. Implications for Policy: Policymakers and hospital managers should design and implement structured training programs to improve nurses' core competencies. Before disasters occur, a written plan with clear roles that are understandable for all nursing staff should be established; this can increase nurses' response times in assisting affected people. It is essential that nursing managers provide specific guidelines for standard and structured training during disasters to enhance nurses' awareness of disasters and communication skills.

Background: There is a notable increase in sexual behaviors closely related to the increased risk of sexually transmitted infections, which is a problem that affects public health. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between sexual behaviors and the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections in the population who attended the Centre for Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Sexual Orientation of the province of Granada during the period 2000-2018.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, with 1671 clinical histories of subjects who attended a specialized center between 2000 and 2018 for a consultation related to sexually transmitted infections. Sociodemographic and clinical data, frequency and type of sexual behavior, frequency of condom use, and positive or negative diagnosis of infection were collected. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were performed. The dependent variable was the diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections. As independent variables, variables classified as socio-demographic, medical, and other variables conceived as possible risk factors were collected.

Results: The results indicated that vaginal intercourse was the most frequent sexual activity during the entire period and that condom use was also the most common. Positive sexually transmitted infection diagnosis was related to anal sex: penis-anal (penetrative anal intercourse) (p = 0.033) and anal-penis (receptive anal intercourse) (p = 0.001). Multivariate analysis only showed association with receptive anal intercourse sexual behaviors.

Conclusions: The prevalence of sexually transmitted infections in the population attending a specialized center is related to the behavior of anal sex in passive subjects (receptive anal intercourse). An increase in oral sex behavior and almost no practice of use of condom in oral sex has been observed. There is a need to respond to sexual diversity and variability of sexual behavior.

Background: Vaccination is a vital strategy to prevent infectious diseases and reduce mortality globally. However, vaccine hesitancy threatens these efforts, especially highlighted during the COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding factors influencing vaccination decisions is crucial for improving public health strategies.

Objective(s): To investigate the attitudes of the Italian general population toward mandatory (e.g., HBV or tetanus) or recommended (e.g., influenza, HPV, or meningococcus) vaccinations, factors influencing vaccine uptake, and risk perceptions related to COVID-19.

Design: A cross-sectional descriptive study using the PROACTIVE Survey questionnaire.

Sample: The study included 411 participants aged 18-98 years from the general Italian population, recruited via convenience and snowball sampling in June 2022.

Measurements: Data included sociodemographic characteristics, adherence to vaccinations, COVID-19 experiences, preventive behaviors, and individual risk perceptions. Inferential statistics included Pearson's r correlation, t-test, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) to explore correlations and differences.

Results: Adherence to preventive measures positively correlated with risk perceptions (r = 0.358, p < 0.001). Females, older individuals, and those with chronic conditions showed higher adherence to preventive behaviors. Previous adherence to vaccines correlated with greater COVID-19 preventive behaviors (r = 0.124, p = 0.012).

Conclusions: Age, gender, risk perceptions, and chronic conditions significantly influenced vaccination attitudes and preventive measures. These findings underscore the need for tailored public health strategies, especially in post-pandemic contexts, to address vaccine hesitancy and improve vaccination campaigns.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the relationship between life satisfaction, self-care ability, and loneliness in older adults.

Materials and methods: This descriptive-correlational study was conducted on voluntary participants aged 65 years and above who lived in North Cyprus. Personal information form, loneliness scale for elderly, satisfaction with life scale and exercise of self-care agency scale were used for data collection.

Results: Older adults in our study had moderate levels of life satisfaction and self-care ability and the level of loneliness was at acceptable levels. Besides, the life satisfaction of the participants was positively correlated with self-care ability and negatively correlated with the level of loneliness.

Conclusion: The psychosocial needs of older adults might be evaluated, and social support systems might be enhanced within the context of primary healthcare services. Besides, nurses might play an effective role in planning elderly care by taking the importance of multidisciplinary approaches into consideration.

Background: Traditional Chinese exercises can improve obesity and overweight, but there are few reports on the differences in the effects of multiple them in improving obesity and overweight. We compared the effects of multiple them on individuals with obesity and overweight to find the optimal intervention.

Methods: The following databases were searched: PubMed, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, CNKI, and so on. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of multiple traditional Chinese exercise interventions were included. Network meta-analysis (NMA) was performed using Stata 15.0 based on the frequency frame.

Results: In the NMA, the results of body mass index were as follows: Baduanjin > Yijinjing > Wuqinxi > Tai Chi > control. The results of waist circumference (WC) were as follows: Baduanjin > Wuqinxi> Tai Chi > control. The results of waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were as follows: Tai Chi > Baduanjin> Control. The results of body fat percentage were as follows: Baduanjin > Tai Chi > Yijinjing > Control.

Conclusion: Among the four treatments, Baduanjin has better fat loss effects and represents a better treatment for weight loss in individuals with obesity and overweight. Tai Chi was more effective in improving WHR and may be the best method to lose fat while increasing muscle.

Trial registration: CRD42023472216.

Background: The global population is undergoing rapid aging, resulting in a significant increase in scientific publications addressing diseases and health challenges in the elderly population.

Methods: A literature search for publications on diseases in the elderly population was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection, and Embase from January 1, 2000, to January 1, 2024. Bibliometric and visualization analyses were performed using VOSviewer software.

Results: A total of 16,862 publications were retrieved, with a notable increase in publication output after 2016. The United States led in both publication numbers (n = 6502, 38.56%) and citations (342,586), underscoring its substantial contribution to this field. Influential institutions such as the University of Pittsburgh and Karolinska Institute played key roles. Keywords analysis identified 631 meaningful topics, classified into five clusters, with research hotspots focusing on cardiovascular diseases, dementia, frailty, and quality of life. Emerging keywords in public health and nursing, such as "mild cognitive impairment," "multimorbidity," and "frailty," have been frequently highlighted in recent studies, indicating critical priorities for future research in elderly care.

Conclusions: This study provides a comprehensive bibliometric and visualization analysis of global research trends on diseases in the elderly population. It highlights key research areas and offers valuable insights to guide future directions in public health and nursing strategies, emphasizing the importance of interdisciplinary approaches to address aging-related challenges.

In early 2023, The Association of Community Health Nurse Educators (ACHNE) convened a task force of public health nursing education thought leaders from the United States (US) to revise their position paper on the state of graduate public health nursing education. At the time the task force began their work, the COVID-19 pandemic was still producing new variants, but the world had largely moved on without prevention restrictions, little to no tracking on the nightly news, and schools and universities going back to business as usual. Public health nurses (PHNs) served heroic roles in the face of the pandemic overall. However, public health nursing practice remained somewhat in the shadows of the spotlight on acute care clinicians combating the virus, even as some PHN leaders faced the end of their careers in their roles as enforcers of pandemic restrictions. In addition, although advanced practice nursing roles in the United States have proliferated in the past 20 years, they have been almost exclusively focused on care of individuals, despite evidence of the need to broaden the scope of healthcare to include a population focus. Advanced practice roles at the population and systems levels are much less understood and have a smaller footprint in the current healthcare system. The convening of this Task Force served as a "timeout" to reflect on the roles of PHN leaders in the months after pandemic emergency orders were finished and to articulate the future of graduate education in nursing at the population level, both its value added to the health of the public and how this value can be maximized. The result was the ACHNE white paper, Advanced Practice Public Health Nursing: Roles and Education, presented here.

Introduction: Much primary prevention in public health dentistry depends on parents' having accurate knowledge about pediatric oral health. In areas with minimal education levels and few oral health professionals, information on this topic is available from the widespread use of the social medial resource YouTube. This study assessed the quality and viewer engagement of YouTube Arabic videos on pediatric oral health practices.

Methods: Using standard procedures to search YouTube, we identified Arabic-language pediatric oral health videos. A social media content analysis was conducted and videos analyzed for viewer engagement metrics, country of origin, and creator occupation. The DISCERN instrument was used to evaluate video quality, reliability, and information quality; statistical correlations were examined between these parameters and video statistics.

Results: A majority of the 47 videos that were identified originated from Egypt and were created by pediatric dentists, attracting an average of 13,328.7 views and 218.7 likes. Quality assessment found 61.7% of videos with moderate quality; 63.8% had only medium levels of reliability (63.8%) and 63.8% medium information quality (63.8%); only a minor segment achieving high reliability and information quality. Correlation analysis revealed a positive but weak association between DISCERN scores and viewer engagement metrics (e.g., likes, comments, views), suggesting that while better quality videos tend to engage more viewers, other factors also contribute to engagement. Additionally, a stronger correlation was noted between the overall quality of videos and both information quality and reliability, indicating that videos with higher-quality content were perceived as more reliable and informative by viewers.

Conclusion: While a significant volume of pediatric oral health content is available online, variability in quality highlights the need for stringent evidence-based standards to ensure the provision of reliable, quality educational materials.

Objective: This study aimed to develop essential individual care needs assessment (EICNA) items and evaluate the validity of that judgment.

Design: We used a sequential two-phase design for this study.

Methods: Item selection was conducted using φ coefficients between these items' values and the care need levels and discussions with supervisory PHNs. Phase 1 was a cross-sectional, nationwide survey of 275 mid-level public health nurses (PHNs) from 196 municipalities in Japan (December 2022 to January 2023), including 46 potential EICNA items. In Phase 2, PHNs piloted the EICNA items in clinical settings, entering data into a web-based system that used an algorithm to determine care need levels based on the weighted sum of 21 items (August 2023 to January 2024). Thereafter, the PHNs evaluated the appropriateness of the algorithm's judgments.

Results: Twenty-one essential items were identified. Among 1867 cases, care need levels were categorized as low (n = 1008, 54.0%), moderate (n = 652, 34.9%), and high (n = 207, 11.1%), with 94.9% of PHNs considered the algorithm's classifications appropriate.

Conclusion: Twenty-one EICNA items were identified to assess the care needs, and the level of care needs determined by the weighted sum of these items was deemed appropriate by PHNs.

Trial registration: UMIN000051509 (https://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/; August 1, 2023).