Public Health Nursing最新文献

Purpose: This study explored the experiences of rural caregivers who require temporary housing during hospital treatment when healthcare is not available in their home communities. Understanding these experiences can identify challenges and inform solutions for improving rural access to healthcare.

Methods: We conducted a community-engaged qualitative study using semi-structured interviews with caregivers who stayed at a healthcare hospitality house in Charlotte, NC. Data were collected through virtual interviews in the fall of 2023 and analyzed by three independent reviewers using thematic analysis.

Findings: Caregivers faced significant financial, logistical, and emotional challenges associated with accessing healthcare far from home. Financial burdens were notable, with substantial out-of-pocket expenses despite reduced costs from the hospitality house. Proximity to hospitals was crucial, with participants favoring hospitality houses over hotels for their convenience and security. Emotional support from peers provided meaningful social bonds and alleviated feelings of isolation. Practical amenities, such as laundry facilities and kitchens, eased the daily living obligations. Participants also highlighted the need for advocacy and coordination in navigating care logistics.

Conclusion: Our findings highlight key themes showcasing the challenges faced by rural caregivers experiencing a health crisis and who must travel to access healthcare outside their home communities. Medical housing can serve multifaceted social needs during a health crisis and support the interconnectedness of financial, emotional, and practical aspects of healthcare access. Future research should explore broader and more diverse samples and continue to consider community-engaged approaches to deepen the understanding of health-related social needs needed to access healthcare.

Background: Stroke is a common disease that poses a significant threat to human health. Approximately one-third of stroke patients experience poststroke cognitive impairment (PSCI), which severely impacts their quality of life and survival time. Although the prevalence and risk factors for PSCI have been widely reported, these results have not been synthesized.

Objectives: This systematic review was conducted to explore the prevalence and risk factors of PSCI.

Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were comprehensively searched for studies exploring the prevalence and risk factors of PSCI from inception to July 5, 2022.

Results: A total of 49 articles were included for meta-analysis. It was found that the combined prevalence of PSCI was 39%-47%. Risk factors for PSCI include female gender, age, education level less than 7 years, atrial fibrillation, diabetes, smoking, drinking, hypertension, coronary artery disease, carotid artery plaque, admission NIHSS score ≥ 5, unemployment, and homocysteine.

Conclusions: This systematic review has revealed a combined prevalence of PSCI is ranging from 39% to 47% and identified several risk factors for PSCI. These findings indicate a high incidence of the condition and underscore the need for increased public awareness. Future investigations should prioritize the identification of PSCI risk factors, providing a theoretical basis for nursing professionals to effectively manage and treat PSCI patients.

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the level of health literacy, digital healthy diet literacy, and physical activity of adult individuals to evaluate the relationship of physical activity with health literacy and digital healthy diet literacy and to examine the determinants of physical activity level.

Design and method: It is a descriptive and correlational study. The sample of the study consists of 404 individuals aged 18-65. Personal Information Form, International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form, Health Literacy Scale-Short Form, and Digital Healthy Diet Literacy Scale were used to collect the study data. Number, percentage, mean and standard deviation, t test in independent groups, one-way analysis of variance, and multiple regression analysis were used in the analysis of the study data.

Results: Participants' gender (β = 0.572, p = 0.000), educational status (β = 0.630, p = 0.000), employment status (β = 0.573, p = 0.000), perceived economic situation (β = 0.774, p = 0.000), cohabitants (β = 0.609, p = 0.000), perceived health (β = 0.580, p = 0.000), smoking status (β = 0.639, p = 0.045), health literacy total score (β = 0.603, p = 0.000), and digital health literacy (β = 0.782, p = 0.000) were found to be predictors of physical activity level (p < 0.001). It was determined that these determinants explained 57.3% (adjusted R² = 0.573) of the change in physical activity level.

Conclusion: The mean scores of the participants' physical activity level were at a medium level. Increasing the participants' awareness of health literacy and digital healthy diet literacy may be effective in increasing the level of physical activity.

Aim: Public health nurses working in high schools have few set tasks, and there is limited research available on their flexible role. Therefore, the aim of the study was to describe public health nurses' perspectives on their role when working in Norwegian high schools.

Design: A qualitative descriptive design, with an inductive approach.

Sample: Eight public health nurses with at least 1-year of experience working in high schools in Norway.

Methods: Individual, semi-structured interviews were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.

Results: Public health nurses viewed clinical practice as being the main purpose of their role, and the role was founded on both physical and digital availability. Close collaboration within the school and with external collaboration partners was crucial when public health nurses executed their role. The flexible nature of the role presented navigational challenges for public health nurses, who needed to balance competing demands in a busy work environment. Nevertheless, public health nurses demonstrated a strong commitment to their role and experienced that they made a difference to the students they served and the schools in which they worked.

Conclusions: The study underlined the importance of recognizing the totality of the public health nursing role and the ethical challenges derived from navigating different perspectives of the role.

Introduction: Nursing is a moral endeavor that embodies humanitarian responses to human suffering. Nurses understand the impact of direct and indirect violence on the health of individuals and communities around the world. The intersections of health, justice, caring, and peace are important considerations for the profession.

Methods: This qualitative research study, in the interpretive phenomenology tradition, describes the experience of peacebuilding from the perspective of eight nurses with experience living and working in low-resource international settings.

Results: Attributes of peacebuilding included fostering authentic human relationships that contribute to community engagement, nurturing holistic human kindness with humility, and experiencing the personal costs of peacebuilding amid violence. Peacebuilding practices included mediating conflict rooted in direct and indirect violence, accompanying communities toward resilience, and building capacity through teaching and learning.

Conclusion: This study represents an introduction to the considerations of how peacebuilding is integral to nursing research, theory, and practice and provides the basis for further studies.

Objective: Smoking, a risk factor for metabolic syndrome, is associated with stress relief and pleasure among women, which can hinder efforts to quit smoking, particularly in workplaces. We investigated the metabolic syndrome indicators among working Korean women based on smoking status and workplace size to devise tailored smoking cessation policies.

Design: Retrospective longitudinal study.

Sample: Data from 53,126 working Korean women aged 15-64 years were collected between 2009 and 2015.

Measurements: Data were collected from the Female Employees Database derived from the National Health Insurance Service. To assess the trend of metabolic syndrome indicators among working Korean women according to smoking status and workplace size, repeated-measures analysis of variance was used.

Results: Significant interactions were found between time and group for waist circumference (WC), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and fasting glucose (FG) levels. Trends of metabolic syndrome were more prevalent in small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMSEs) than in large-sized enterprises (LSEs). Current smokers in the LSE group had the highest WC, triglyceride, systolic blood pressure, and FG values.

Conclusions: These insights may be valuable for devising policies and interventions to improve metabolic health among women working in SMSEs and current smokers in LSEs.

Background: In rural China, the participation of residents in elderly medical and nursing care service programs is notably low. To understand the reasons behind this underutilization or reluctance to use such services, an empirical study is warranted.

Design: This study adopts a cross-sectional research design, utilizing survey data collected between January and March 2023.

Sample: Retired elderly individuals aged 50 and above who were permanent residents of LS Town.

Measurements: The survey collects data concerning several key aspects of the older adult population, including their fundamental demographic information, awareness levels regarding integrated medical and nursing care services offered by local township health clinics, their current enrollment status in family doctor contract services, and their propensity to subscribe to such healthcare arrangements.

Results: The findings indicate a significant positive relationship between awareness of the integrated medical and elderly care nursing model and the willingness of rural older adults to adopt these services. Furthermore, satisfaction with the services also directly influences the willingness to engage with these services.

Conclusion: This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by highlighting the significance of policy dissemination and enhancing service quality as pivotal strategies for governments and health service organizations to foster increased uptake of these services among the rural elderly population.

Objective: Factors such as the risk of the spread of infectious diseases, global health crises, and disasters are among the major health and security challenges facing societies. Informed protective measures and effective risk awareness are necessary to cope with these challenges. As young adults, university students represent a significant segment of society, making studies conducted on this group critical for implementing effective measures against infectious disease risks. This study aimed to investigate university students' awareness and prevention behaviors regarding communicable diseases, their perception of disaster risk, and the role of social support networks.

Method: The descriptive study was conducted with a total of 372 undergraduate students studying at a university in Türkiye. Data were collected using a sociodemographic characteristics form, the Communicable Disease Risk Awareness and Prevention Scale, the Disaster Risk Perception Scale for University Students, and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 27.0, employing independent sample t-tests, one-way ANOVA tests, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression analysis.

Results: The mean age of the university students participating in the study was 21.19 ± 2.08 years (min. 18.00-max. 32.00), with 64.5% (n = 240) being female. Participants generally exhibited high levels of awareness and preventive behaviors regarding communicable diseases. Significant contributors to awareness included gender (β = 9.51, p < 0.05), increased disaster risk perception (β = 8.80, p < 0.01), obtaining information from health organization websites (β = 7.90, p < 0.01), preparing an emergency kit (β = 5.56, p < 0.05), and obtaining information from news websites (β = 4.81, p < 0.05). It was found that an increase in perceived social support positively impacted students' awareness and prevention levels (β = 0.48, p < 0.01). Additionally, an increase in disaster risk perception was positively correlated with communicable disease risk awareness (β = 0.01, p < 0.05).

Conclusion: The study concludes that robust social support networks enhance students' health awareness and protective health behaviors. Universities should organize educational programs and drills to increase student disaster awareness and preparedness. Such training will help students better prepare for and effectively cope with disaster situations.

Background: Physical inactivity in middle-aged and older adults is a major health problem. Exercise snacks are an emerging form of physical activity characterized by shorter single bouts of high-intensity exercise spread out repeatedly throughout the day which can provide more exercise opportunities for middle-aged and older adults.

Purpose: To summarize perceptions and experiences of exercise snacks among middle-aged and older adults, and explore the barriers and facilitators of promoting exercise snacks.

Methods: We followed the PRISMA and systematically searched five databases from the earliest to May 2024. The Critical Appraisal Skills Program tool is used to quality assess and the Capability, Opportunity, and Motivation Model of Behavior (COM-B model) is used to guide thematic synthesis.

Results: Fourteen categories from nine studies were summarized, and 277 findings were identified. Three synthesized findings were: capability of middle-aged and older adults (including health-related exercise disorders, learning and mastery skills, and health literacy), opportunities for exercise snacks (including flexible and free, easy and quick, integration into life, social and family support, and application of mobile health technology), and motivation of exercise snacks (including pleasurable experiences, gaining physical and mental benefits, effective reminders, incentives and feedback, personalized needs, and self-efficacy).

Conclusion: Exercise snacks are a promising approach， however, they need to be continuously optimized. Our results can provide evidence for designing and optimizing exercise snack programs. Medical workers should assist middle-aged and older adults in developing appropriate exercise snack strategies.

Trial registration: PROSPERO (CRD42024544089).

Objective(s): We aim to understand the interaction between family dynamics and lifestyle behaviors of school-age children with overweight or obesity in Oman. The outcomes would clarify the mediating familial determinants that contribute to childhood obesity in the Middle East population.

Design: A qualitative phenomenological approach.

Sample: Mothers of school-age children with overweight or obesity.

Measurements: Semi-structured interviews were conducted following an interview guide, and thematic analysis was used to identify key themes and subthemes.

Results: The study identified three main themes based on data collected from 12 participants. The first theme, "Children's Lifestyle Behaviors," highlighted the need to address unhealthy food consumption, low physical activity, and inconsistent sleeping habits. The second theme, "Parenting Lifestyle behaviors," underscored the importance of regaining control over children's eating behaviors, fostering shared interest in outdoor activities, and establishing a consistent sleep routine. Lastly, the third theme, "Determinants of Parenting Lifestyle Behaviors," identified factors such as parental stress, the high cost of healthy options, cultural influence on healthy eating, limited outdoor activity options, and the availability of unhealthy snacks in schools.

Conclusion: Our study underscores the need for family-centered obesity programs that address several determinants of parenting lifestyle behaviors, including psychological, financial, social, and environmental challenges.