Public Health Nursing最新文献

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of lifestyle habits and intergenerational support on the cognitive function of older rural individuals and to provide scientific evidence for the early prevention and rational intervention for cognitive decline.

Sample: A total of 3951 rural seniors aged 60 years or above were selected from the 2020 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study.

Measurements: Pearson's correlation analysis, linear regression, and robust modeling were used to investigate the effects of lifestyle habits and intergenerational support on cognitive function.

Results: The results showed that healthy lifestyle habits such as moderate exercise and adequate sleep have a positive effect on the cognitive function of rural seniors. Among unhealthy habits, alcohol consumption in moderation benefits cognitive health, while smoking contributes to cognitive decline. In terms of intergenerational support, downward and bi-directional intergenerational support were confirmed to be protective factors for enhancing cognitive functioning, while upward intergenerational support did not pass the confidence level test.

Conclusion: Interventions are necessary to encourage the adoption of healthy living habits, correct bad habits, and encourage rural seniors to realize their self-worth through intergenerational support to effectively prevent and delay cognitive function deterioration.

Background: Home nursing care is increasing in Italy due to chronic disease expansion and population aging. This study aimed to describe the types of home nursing activities performed in two home care settings and estimate the time dedicated to them.

Methods: A cross-sectional observational time-and-motion study was conducted in three local health authorities in northern and central Italy. Time spent on activities was recorded as total and average time per nurse. Average care time was estimated using linear multilevel mixed effects models.

Results: Forty-four activities were recorded across 527 visits. A total of 300 nurses (81.33% female) reported 343 h of activities: 221 hs (64.29%) on direct care and 123 h (35.71%) on indirect activities. The most time-consuming direct activities were patient assessment (54 h), pressure ulcer dressing (27 h), vascular wound dressing (22 h), and bandage application (21 h). The longest indirect activities were managing nursing documentation (62 h) and traveling to patients' homes (48 h).

Conclusion: Time nurses spent in this study on direct care outperformed the time allocated for indirect care. However, other important direct nursing activities were not performed, including family involvement in the care process and patient self-care education.

Objective: To describe how dominance, submissiveness, and speaking role appear in the intertwin relationship between twins under 7 years old.

Design and sample: A cross-sectional study design was used. The respondents (n = 72) were nurses. Information about the intertwin relationship was explored through Likert-scale statements and open-ended questions. This article reports the open-ended questions that were analyzed by content analysis.

Results: Dominance, submissiveness, and the speaking role appear in twins' behavior. The twins take different roles, such as the space taker, the decision maker, the follower on the sidelines, the helper, or the recipient of help. Twins can interact as either being brave and visible or withdraw into the background. The quality of intertwin relationships manifests in daily life situations, which brings opportunities to observe, guide, and support the children's individuality and balance the intertwin relationship.

Conclusions: To continue to support the growth and development of multiples in maternity and child health clinics, nurses need to have knowledge of the relationship between twins and the leadership, submissiveness, and speaking role associated with it. Work and guidance in nursing must be evidence-based.

Objective: Climate change is contributing to increasing rates of vector-borne diseases, affecting global population health. As the largest group of regulated health professionals, nurses play an integral role in climate-related health challenges. The purpose of this research study was to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of registered nurses in Canada related to climate sensitive vector-borne diseases.

Design: Cross-sectional survey.

Sample: A national online survey was distributed to practicing registered nurses, through contact with nursing organizations and regulatory bodies, as well as social media.

Measurements: Three hundred and eighty-two survey responses were included in data analysis.

Results: Research findings suggest that nurses' knowledge on climate change and vector-borne diseases was limited, especially among frontline nurses and those in Western and Northern regions of Canada. There was greater knowledge of Lyme disease compared to West Nile virus, particularly among nurses working in endemic areas. Participants did not often consider vector-borne diseases in practice and demonstrated a lack of confidence and preparedness in addressing in practice.

Conclusions: The study validates that while climate-related issues are important for nurses, nurses must be better prepared to address vector-borne diseases in practice and assume a greater role in leading change to advocate for a climate-resilient future.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to measure healthcare worker awareness of climate change and concern about its impact on health.

Design: Cross-sectional population study.

Sample: Researchers administered the CHANT Tool to a convenience sample of 691 employees of a large health system in North Texas ranging from 20 to 75 years of age. About 71% were nurses.

Measure: The 52-item CHANT 2024: Climate and Health Tool measured engagement with climate change. Subscales measure familiarity with climate concepts, awareness of extreme weather events in respondents' region, concern about impact of climate change, conservation behaviors, and optimism regarding climate change. Respondents rated scaled items on a 5-point Likert-type scale from 0 (most negative or least) to 4 (most positive or greatest). In this sample subscales had acceptable internal reliability with Cronbach's alphas ranging from 0.69 to 0.96.

Results: Respondents (79%) were familiar with the existence of climate change, but not that US Healthcare delivery is responsible for a significant proportion of the greenhouse gas emissions associated with it (36%). Most respondents were not optimistic about preparation for the impacts of climate change or preventing further climate change (56% and 59%, respectively). Degree of concern about the health impacts of climate change was significantly associated with six variables, including race, awareness that warming is associated with human activity, awareness that vulnerable populations are more at risk, personal exposure to extreme heat, observations of heat illness in patients, and observations of mental health in patients related to climate events. Most respondents (>50%) wanted to change practice to prepare for health impacts of climate change.

Conclusions: North Texas healthcare workers are familiar with climate change and believe it has potential to harm patients but are generally not optimistic about preparation for its effects or changing its course. However, they wish to change practice to make a positive difference.

Aim: This study aimed to examine the bibliographic characteristics of publications on refugees in the nursing field.

Design: A bibliometric analysis design was adopted for the study.

Sample: Included the articles scanned in the Web of Science Core Collection database. The study excluded the other databases and gray literature.

Measurements: The 2120 articles published between 1980 and 2024 that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed using Bibliometrix in RStudio, VOSviewer, and Microsoft Excel software.

Results: The majority of publications were published in 2024. The United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, and Australia have the highest publications, citations, and international cooperation. Additionally, "mental health" is one of the most frequently used keywords in studies.

Conclusions: The increased migration rates and the growing need for healthcare for refugees underscore the importance of investing in nursing research within this field. Nurses and researchers should establish partnerships and share best practices with leading countries.

This study aims to examine the burden of disease experienced by multiple sclerosis patients and to deeply examine the impact of the disease on sexual life. A phenomenological research design was used in this study. This qualitative research was conducted with 20 multiple sclerosis patients. Interviews were conducted individually and face-to-face. The data were analyzed using Colaizzi's phenomenological analysis method. Two main themes (effects of the disease and sexual life) and five sub-themes (physical effects, mental effects, social effects, problems related to sexual life, sexual issues, and coping) were identified in the analysis of the data. As a result of the study, it was determined that the patients experienced serious physical, mental, and social problems due to multiple sclerosis, and their sexual lives were also negatively affected. Individuals experience significant issues related to their sexual life due to multiple sclerosis. Since multiple sclerosis is a multifaceted disease, it is thought that professional evaluation of sexuality in patients, diagnosis of sexual dysfunctions, and taking timely measures are of great importance to improve the quality of life of multiple sclerosis patients.

Objective: Climate change is a global health problem and threatens our society from all aspects. Pregnant women, fetuses, and newborns are considered vulnerable groups in the context of climate change. Steps to increase awareness about the consequences of climate change on maternal and child health and future generations are important for adaptation strategies.

Aim: This study aims to develop a measurement tool that assesses pregnancy-specific awareness of the effects of climate change on maternal-fetal health.

Method: This study used a cross-sectional and methodological design. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews with pregnant women who agreed to participate in the study between May and July 2022. Thirty-six items were rated on a 5-point Likert scale (from entirely disagree to entirely agree) and applied to 500 voluntary pregnant. SPSS Statistics 22 and Mplus 7 programs were used for data analysis.

Results: As a result of EFA, a 21-item, 3-factor final scale was obtained from the 36-item draft version scale. Result of CFA, the fit index values were found as RMSEA = 0.074, NFI = 0.978, and CFI = 0.975. The fit indices of the awareness scale model were significant (x² = 428.438, sd = 181, p = 0.0000, x²/sd = 2.367). The total internal consistency Cronbach's α coefficient of the 21-item final scale is 0.946.

Conclusion: In line with these data, Pregnancy-Specific Climate Change Awareness Scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool that can be used to evaluate the pregnancy-specific climate change awareness level. Studies testing the applicability of the scale in the population of midwives and obstetricians working with pregnant women are recommended.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine the radiation hazards of building materials to humans through multivariate statistical analysis based on these radioactive nuclides and parameters.

Design: An experimental study was conducted by collecting materials from different parts of Hunan and using experimental analysis and statistical calculation methods to determine the degree of harm that materials pose to humans.

Results: Among all the sample materials, the brick samples made from soil without a pollution background have the lowest activity concentration values of ²³⁸U, ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th, and ⁴⁰K, which are far below the average level in Hunan. The radiological hazards are calculated as the external and internal hazard indices (H_ex, H_in), alpha index (I_α), gamma index (I_γ), and indoor and outdoor annual effective dose, all of which are much less than 1. The value of Ra_eq is well below the prescribed safe limit of 370 Bq/kg, indicating no radiological hazards to the population from the samples. (II) Through pilot experiments, it has been found that the radioactive content of bricks made by mixing associated slag with local background soil should be considered based on the proportion of the mixture, especially the radioactive level before the associated slag. To a certain extent, it is of great significance for the impact or magnitude of safety hazards in later judgment. (III) This study revealed that there is radioactive equilibrium between ²³⁸U and ²²⁶Ra, and between ²³⁸U and ²³²Th, and that a functional relationship was observed. At the same time, it is noted that a strong correlation was found between ²³⁸U and ²²⁶Ra, and between ²³⁸U and ²³²Th, indicating a good positive correlation. The radiological parameters of the bricks made from the natural background in soil are the smallest; the products of naturally occurring radioactive materials are the highest. This is due to the issue of proportion between the natural soil and tailings.

Conclusions: The results have shown that the proportion of mixture in the natural soil and tailings must be reasonable in building materials. Therefore, the results of this study will help evaluate the radiation hazards of building materials to humans and the environment.