Public Health Nursing最新文献

Background: Hypertension (HT) is a global health problem. Although there are effective treatment protocols, patients have difficulty in adapting to regular use of drugs, diet, and lifestyle changes. Mobile apps can be a potential alternative for managing HT and improving self-care behavior.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the effect of mobile application follow-up on treatment compliance and self-care management in patients with HT.

Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted in November 2021 and March 2022 with 40 experimental and 40 control group patients with HT. Research data were collected using a patient information form, "Hill-Bone Hypertension Treatment Compliance Scale (HBHTTCS)," "Hypertension Self-Care Profile-Motivation Scale (HTSPMS)," a mobile application program (daily blood pressure, pulse, medication, diet, exercise tracking) uploaded to the mobile phones of the patients, and individual motivational messages.

Results: The mean total score of the HBHTTCS at Week 6 was 14.57 ± 1.89 and the mean total score of the HTSPMS was 78.15 ± 2.05. There was a statistically significant difference in mean total HTSPMS (p = 0.000) and HBHTTCS (p = 0.000) scores and mean scores on medical (p = 0.002) and nutrition (p = 0.002) subscales of HBHTTCS between the first interview (1st-week follow-up) and the last interview (6th-week follow-up) of patients in the intervention group.

Conclusions: This study showed that mobile application follow-up increased motivation levels and treatment compliance in patients with HT and resulted in better self-care. These positive findings indicate importance of integrating mobile applications in the disease management of HT patients.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT05334446, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05334446.

Background: Public and community health nursing curriculum falls short in providing an assessment of student achievement through competency-based education. The aim of this evidence-based practice research was to demonstrate a lack of simulation use as a pedagogical means for the assessment of student achievement of community/public health nursing competencies (C/PHN) in prelicensure nursing programs.

Sample: A systematic review yielded 10 articles.

Method: Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) was employed for theme analysis of a systematic review. A crosswalk was created aligning themes from the systematic review to the C/PHN core competencies relevant to public health nursing developed by the Quad Council Coalition (QCC) (2018).

Results: Three themes were identified from the systematic review that aligned with five of the eight domains from the C/PHN. Gaps in clinical and curricular exposure to specific public/community health concepts were identified.

Conclusion: Simulation has the potential to incorporate various public health concepts, including those related to social determinants of health.

Aim and objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate psychological symptoms in terms of childhood traumas, spirituality and conflict styles in women victims of violence staying in women's shelters.

Background: Violence against women is a major public health problem. Spiritual values and practices are especially important for women to cope with the negative effects of violence.

Materials and methods: The study was conducted in women's shelters in two provinces of the Ministry of Family and Social Policies in Türkiye. The sample consisted of 92 women who had been subjected to violence and stayed in a women's shelter for at least 15 days. The data were collected using the "Brief Symptom Inventory", "Conflict Tactic Scale", "Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS)", "Childhood Abuse Experiences Scale Short Form", and "Introductory Information Form" created by the researcher, and the data obtained were evaluated in SPSS 22.0 program. Frequency, percentage, Pearson Product Moment correlation analysis, t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used in the evaluation of the data. In all statistical analyses, p < 0.05 was accepted as the significance level.

Results: It was found that 64.1% of the women in the study had at least one psychiatric diagnosis and major depression was in the first place (32.2%). According to the mean scores of the Brief Symptom Inventory, the relationships between all subdimensions except the somatization subdimension and the mean scores of the SWBS were found to be inversely significant at p < 0.05 significance level. According to the mean scores of the SWBS, the relationships between all subdimensions except the transcendence subdimension and the mean scores of the Conflict Methods Scale were found to be inversely significant at the p < 0.05 level of significance.

Conclusion: According to the findings obtained from the study, it has been concluded that women should be encouraged to support them in order to be able to cope with the mental problems experienced in the psychiatric sense and to realize their spiritual beliefs and practices.

Objective: This study aimed to develop a scale to assess public health nurses' (PHNs') advocacy practices in groups and communities in Japan and determine its reliability and validity.

Design and sample: This study is a cross-sectional investigation. The sample comprised PHNs across various municipalities in Japan.

Measurements: Anonymous self-administered questionnaires were conducted, including the attributes of PHNs, a preliminary scale, and external criteria. Reliability was assessed by calculating the alpha coefficient. To ascertain construct validity, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted.

Results: A total of 432 questionnaires were analyzed. The scale comprised 27 items divided into five factors: "Raising awareness of the challenging situation faced by disadvantaged individuals," "Empowering disadvantaged individuals to improve their situation autonomously," "Establishing a foundation in local governments and community groups of disadvantaged individuals for advocacy initiatives," "Working toward policy changes," and "Collaborating with stakeholders and organizations to enhance the effectiveness of activities." The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for this scale was 0.945. Model fit indices included a comparative fit index of 0.907, a goodness-of-fit index of 0.840, an adjusted goodness-of-fit index of 0.806, and a root mean square approximation of 0.067.

Conclusions: The developed scale demonstrated satisfactory reliability and validity.

Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of a positive mental health program for adults (PMHP) in the community.

Background: Positive mental health (PMH) can be seen as a construct represented by six factors (personal satisfaction, prosocial attitude, self-control, autonomy, problem resolution, and self-actualization, and interpersonal relationship skills) according to the Multifactorial Model for PMH. Although there are several interventions in promoting mental health, research on effective promotion of PMH for adults in the community with structured and validated programs of PMH is scarce.

Methods: This study protocol describes a randomized controlled trial (RCT) following a wait-list control design, aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of a PMHP in the community. This study was approved in June 2019 by the Ethics Committee. Participants will be recruited from the school community of teachers. Participants aged ≥ 18 years. The participants will be randomized 1:1 to either (a) an intervention group, which will integrate the PMHP, or (b) the standby control group. Three assessment moments for both groups will take place initial, after the intervention, and a follow-up of 3-6 months. The evaluation instruments will include a sociodemographic questionnaire, a PMH questionnaire, and a psychological vulnerability scale.

Conclusion: The current study provides an innovative approach to PMH. Further, the study may demonstrate new interventions in PMH in the community, based on a program with systematized guidelines and sessions structured according to individual needs. It is expected that at the end of the program, the experimental group will increase the level of PMH.

Relevance to clinical practice: To allow future official implementation of the PMH program and the replication of the study in other professional groups as a promotion tool.

No patient or public contribution: There was no funding to remunerate a participant for this study.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04600401. Registered on May 15, 2020.

Objectives: The aging Mediterranean Basin population presents complex challenges for healthcare systems, which require innovative care approaches. The study aimed to critically assess 19 socio-healthcare practices in the Mediterranean Basin that target the elderly population by analyzing their theoretical foundations, integration of care services, ethical considerations, gender-specific approaches, and use of technology.

Design: An integrative literature review was conducted using a structured methodology.

Sample: Diverse sources across multiple languages were searched, with the inclusion criteria focusing on the alignment of socio-healthcare practices with the components of the nursing metaparadigm, the incorporation of transversal values, and relevance to the elderly population.

Results: The socio-healthcare practices exhibited common themes, such as person-centered care, interdisciplinary collaboration, and incorporation of technology for coordinated care delivery. Ethical principles of autonomy, dignity, and respect were central, with some socio-healthcare practices addressing gender-specific care needs. Evidence-based findings emphasized holistic care, integration, ethics, and innovation in elderly socio-healthcare.

Conclusions: New eldercare frameworks should integrate these aspects, which offer a comprehensive approach to addressing the complex needs of elderly patients. Managers should design systems prioritizing patient well-being, whereas policymakers should develop equitable and high-quality care policies that collectively improve the well-being of the elderly population in the Mediterranean Basin.

Our globalized world means that most public health challenges cannot be tackled alone; they require unified and collaborative working across countries. Overseas fellowships offer an immersive experience that empowers nursing researchers to enhance global collaborations and synergize diverse research expertise from various cultural contexts. This enriched collaboration leads to more innovative solutions to public health issues and significantly enhances the overall impact of their research. This paper presents a self-reflection from the perspective of a community and public health nursing researcher, based in Hong Kong. During a 2-month research secondment at a university in the UK, I explored ways to leverage my fellowship to strengthen global connections, expand collaborations, and enhance my research capabilities in addressing health equity issues among LGBTQ+ populations, particularly concerning sexual violence. By sharing my journey, I aim to inspire more nursing researchers to engage with global academic communities and collectively advance global public health initiatives.

Objectives: This study aimed to comprehensively assess the weight status, snack consumption, and physical activity levels among primary schoolchildren, with a focus on both rural and urban areas.

Methods: This cross-sectional study surveyed 557 primary schoolchildren aged 6 to 12 years, covering general identification (age, gender), anthropometric measurements (body weight, height, waist, and hip circumference), food patterns (frequency of food consumption), and sports activities.

Results: Using CDC body mass index thresholds, we identified a 25% prevalence of obesity and over 17% for overweight, revealing a significant urban-rural disparity. In urban areas, boys had a higher obesity rate (32.58%), while girls had a higher overweight rate (15%). Conversely, in rural regions, girls had a higher obesity rate (24.82%), and boys had a higher overweight rate (22.3%). Dietary analysis showed that over 86% consumed three daily meals, but distinctions in snack choices, such as chips, wafers, and biscuits, were noted between urban and rural areas. Additionally, urban schoolchildren were more likely to participate in sports activities compared to their rural counterparts, with rates of 70.22% versus 55.08%, respectively.

Conclusion: Findings provide valuable insights into the health and food behaviors of primary schoolchildren and can inform interventions and strategies to promote healthier lifestyles.

Objective: To measure healthy life awareness, blood pressure awareness and insight levels, along with their predisposing factors among adult individuals.

Design: A population-based cross-sectional study.

Sample: The population consisted of adult individuals in a rural district of a city in Türkiye. Voluntary individuals who visited the population screening, organized as the May Measurement Month activity, were invited to the study (n = 290).

Measurements: The data were collected by a questionnaire, the Healthy Life Awareness Scale (HeLAS), and the Blood Pressure Awareness and Insight Scale (BASIS). Descriptive statistics, Pearson Correlation, and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the data.

Results: The mean scores of the HeLAS and the BASIS were 49.62 ± 8.30 and 2.89 ± 1.43, respectively. Income level, regular physical activity habits, and formerly being diagnosed with hypertension were positively associated with a healthy life awareness level. Former diagnosis of hypertension, regular medication usage, and being unemployed were the significant predisposing factors of blood pressure awareness and insight level.

Conclusions: Most adult individuals displayed a moderate level of healthy life awareness and a low level of blood pressure awareness and insight. Nurses could take on the leading role in developing healthy lifestyle habits among individuals, ensure medication treatment adherence, and prevent hypertension prevalence.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to analyze the data of diabetic patients regarding warning signs of hypoglycemia to predict it at an early stage using various novel machine learning (ML) algorithms. Individual interviews with diabetic patients were conducted over 6 months to acquire information regarding their experience with hypoglycemic episodes.

Design: This information included warning signs of hypoglycemia, such as incoherent speech, exhaustion, weakness, and other clinically relevant cases of low blood sugar. Researchers used supervised, unsupervised, and hybrid techniques. In supervised techniques, researchers applied regression, while in hybrid classification ML techniques were used. In a 5-fold cross-validation approach, the prediction performance of seven models was examined using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). We analyzed the data of 290 diabetic patients with low blood sugar episodes.

Results: Our investigation discovered that gradient boosting and neural networks performed better in regression, with accuracies of 0.416 and 0.417, respectively. In classification models, gradient boosting, AdaBoost, and random forest performed better overall, with AUC scores of 0.821, 0.814, and 0.821, individually. Precision values were 0.779, 0.775, and 0.776 for gradient boosting, AdaBoost, and random forest, respectively.

Conclusion: AdaBoost and Gradient Boosting models, in particular, outperformed all others in predicting the probability of clinically severe hypoglycemia. These techniques enable community health nurses to predict hypoglycemia at an early stage and provide the necessary therapies to patients to prevent complications resulting from hypoglycemia.