Pub Date : 2004-09-01DOI: 10.1680/MUEN.2004.157.3.157
L. Picado-Santos, Adelino Ferreira, A. Antunes, C. Carvalheira, B. Santos, M. Bicho, I. Quadrado, S. Silvestre
The City Council of Lisbon, Portugal, decided to build a pavement management system (PMS) for the vast road network under its administration at the beginning of 1999. This paper presents a geographical information system (GIS)-based PMS for Lisbon, developed by a team involving staff from the Lisbon City Council and the University of Coimbra. The system consists of three basic modules: a road network database, a quality evaluation tool and a decision-aid tool. The paper also describes the process leading to the creation of the PMS and the activities developed during the first and second years of its implementation. This period was mainly taken up with the preparation of a GIS for the road network, preparation of the quality evaluation tool and launching of the decision-aid tool. The final part of the paper discusses the main difficulties encountered so far and presents the developments planned for the near future.
{"title":"Pavement management system for Lisbon","authors":"L. Picado-Santos, Adelino Ferreira, A. Antunes, C. Carvalheira, B. Santos, M. Bicho, I. Quadrado, S. Silvestre","doi":"10.1680/MUEN.2004.157.3.157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/MUEN.2004.157.3.157","url":null,"abstract":"The City Council of Lisbon, Portugal, decided to build a pavement management system (PMS) for the vast road network under its administration at the beginning of 1999. This paper presents a geographical information system (GIS)-based PMS for Lisbon, developed by a team involving staff from the Lisbon City Council and the University of Coimbra. The system consists of three basic modules: a road network database, a quality evaluation tool and a decision-aid tool. The paper also describes the process leading to the creation of the PMS and the activities developed during the first and second years of its implementation. This period was mainly taken up with the preparation of a GIS for the road network, preparation of the quality evaluation tool and launching of the decision-aid tool. The final part of the paper discusses the main difficulties encountered so far and presents the developments planned for the near future.","PeriodicalId":54571,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Municipal Engineer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2004-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86784735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-09-01DOI: 10.1680/MUEN.2004.157.3.193
B. O’Kelly
More stringent controls on the quality of wastewater discharges are giving rise to increasing volumes of sewage sludge for disposal. Within the European Community, the disposal of sewage sludge to sea ceased by 1998 under the Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive. Stricter waste disposal legislation and higher landfill taxes are forcing the water industry to look for more efficient disposal strategies. Dedicated sludge-to-landfill operations are presented as a viable option. The sewage sludge is dewatered to the optimum water content for compaction, placed in the landfill in layers and compacted to the maximum dry density, thereby maximising the operational life of the landfill site. The design, construction and long-term performance of such monofills are described. Adequate levels of dewatering for the sludge-to-landfill route can best be achieved at the treatment plant using conventional mechanical dewatering devices, sludge drying beds or thermal drying processes.
{"title":"Geotechnical aspects of sewage sludge monofills","authors":"B. O’Kelly","doi":"10.1680/MUEN.2004.157.3.193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/MUEN.2004.157.3.193","url":null,"abstract":"More stringent controls on the quality of wastewater discharges are giving rise to increasing volumes of sewage sludge for disposal. Within the European Community, the disposal of sewage sludge to sea ceased by 1998 under the Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive. Stricter waste disposal legislation and higher landfill taxes are forcing the water industry to look for more efficient disposal strategies. Dedicated sludge-to-landfill operations are presented as a viable option. The sewage sludge is dewatered to the optimum water content for compaction, placed in the landfill in layers and compacted to the maximum dry density, thereby maximising the operational life of the landfill site. The design, construction and long-term performance of such monofills are described. Adequate levels of dewatering for the sludge-to-landfill route can best be achieved at the treatment plant using conventional mechanical dewatering devices, sludge drying beds or thermal drying processes.","PeriodicalId":54571,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Municipal Engineer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2004-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73812284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-09-01DOI: 10.1680/MUEN.2004.157.3.173
F. R. Chasco, J. M. Irigoyen, Á. Seco
This paper presents the results of a research project aimed towards, first, the characterisation of pedestrian flows in urban corridors and the identification of their explanatory variables, and second, the development of a model that would allow a prediction of these flows. The characterisation of current pedestrian trips has been obtained from data collected through a survey designed specifically for this purpose and carried out in six gauging points along the road being analysed. With regard to identifying the main explanatory variables of the phenomenon, the statistical–mathematical method of principal component analysis was applied to all the socioeconomic and geographic variables available. Lastly, in order to come up with the predictions, a gravitational-type model was calibrated. The final result is a simple model (dependent only on three variables) that offers a solid base upon which different types of infrastructure and public services can be programmed.
{"title":"Analysis of pedestrian transit in urban corridors","authors":"F. R. Chasco, J. M. Irigoyen, Á. Seco","doi":"10.1680/MUEN.2004.157.3.173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/MUEN.2004.157.3.173","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the results of a research project aimed towards, first, the characterisation of pedestrian flows in urban corridors and the identification of their explanatory variables, and second, the development of a model that would allow a prediction of these flows. The characterisation of current pedestrian trips has been obtained from data collected through a survey designed specifically for this purpose and carried out in six gauging points along the road being analysed. With regard to identifying the main explanatory variables of the phenomenon, the statistical–mathematical method of principal component analysis was applied to all the socioeconomic and geographic variables available. Lastly, in order to come up with the predictions, a gravitational-type model was calibrated. The final result is a simple model (dependent only on three variables) that offers a solid base upon which different types of infrastructure and public services can be programmed.","PeriodicalId":54571,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Municipal Engineer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2004-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76093422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-09-01DOI: 10.1680/MUEN.2004.157.3.199
A. Hamilton
Many projects are not being delivered in accordance with predetermined requirements. Even if one could conclude that a particular project has been successful, the general record for projects is not a good one, with overruns in time and cost being commonplace. The indications are that the private sector is no worse but, quite likely, no better than the public sector. However, the public sector uses public money and, for that reason at least, the current demands for more effective management are axiomatic. This paper examines the implications that certain factors had on changing the project management approach of a public-sector organisation that uses engineers as project managers on capital works engineering projects. The results of this research, if such results can be applied to the whole sector, would indicate that the public sector is in need of reform on how it handles the project-side of its business. Greater or lesser amounts of reform would be dependent upon the project management maturity of any s...
{"title":"Project management reform: a public body case study","authors":"A. Hamilton","doi":"10.1680/MUEN.2004.157.3.199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/MUEN.2004.157.3.199","url":null,"abstract":"Many projects are not being delivered in accordance with predetermined requirements. Even if one could conclude that a particular project has been successful, the general record for projects is not a good one, with overruns in time and cost being commonplace. The indications are that the private sector is no worse but, quite likely, no better than the public sector. However, the public sector uses public money and, for that reason at least, the current demands for more effective management are axiomatic. This paper examines the implications that certain factors had on changing the project management approach of a public-sector organisation that uses engineers as project managers on capital works engineering projects. The results of this research, if such results can be applied to the whole sector, would indicate that the public sector is in need of reform on how it handles the project-side of its business. Greater or lesser amounts of reform would be dependent upon the project management maturity of any s...","PeriodicalId":54571,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Municipal Engineer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2004-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90119154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-09-01DOI: 10.1680/MUEN.2004.157.3.147
M. Wright
Coastal defence is a composite term covering both coast protection and sea defence, with these activities now being actively managed by the various authorities involved, to comply with the Government's policy to ‘reduce the risks to people and the developed and natural environment from flooding and coastal erosion by encouraging the provision of technically, environmentally and economically sound and sustainable defence measures’. This paper shows how the various authorities actively involved in the overall management of the coastline have increasingly worked together to achieve this strategic policy requirement.
{"title":"Coastal defence—current UK practice","authors":"M. Wright","doi":"10.1680/MUEN.2004.157.3.147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/MUEN.2004.157.3.147","url":null,"abstract":"Coastal defence is a composite term covering both coast protection and sea defence, with these activities now being actively managed by the various authorities involved, to comply with the Government's policy to ‘reduce the risks to people and the developed and natural environment from flooding and coastal erosion by encouraging the provision of technically, environmentally and economically sound and sustainable defence measures’. This paper shows how the various authorities actively involved in the overall management of the coastline have increasingly worked together to achieve this strategic policy requirement.","PeriodicalId":54571,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Municipal Engineer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2004-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79438727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-09-01DOI: 10.1680/MUEN.2004.157.3.185
N. Gray, R. Gray
Ireland has a vast network of minor rural roads that are immensely important to both tourism and general amenity. However, the litter problem associated with such roads is growing steadily and is attracting adverse comment not only within Ireland but also from abroad. The purpose of this pilot project was to develop a simple methodology to measure litter density, to quantify the litter problem in a randomly selected 100 km2 area in County Wicklow, and to suggest possible remedial actions. The key recommendations focus on the removal of large litter items prior to verge and hedge mowing; a levy on beverage containers, which are the single largest littering item; the periodic removal of litter; community involvement in litter abatement and collection; and the prevention of accidental littering from vehicles and rural refuse collection points.
{"title":"Litter deposition on minor rural roads in Ireland","authors":"N. Gray, R. Gray","doi":"10.1680/MUEN.2004.157.3.185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/MUEN.2004.157.3.185","url":null,"abstract":"Ireland has a vast network of minor rural roads that are immensely important to both tourism and general amenity. However, the litter problem associated with such roads is growing steadily and is attracting adverse comment not only within Ireland but also from abroad. The purpose of this pilot project was to develop a simple methodology to measure litter density, to quantify the litter problem in a randomly selected 100 km2 area in County Wicklow, and to suggest possible remedial actions. The key recommendations focus on the removal of large litter items prior to verge and hedge mowing; a levy on beverage containers, which are the single largest littering item; the periodic removal of litter; community involvement in litter abatement and collection; and the prevention of accidental littering from vehicles and rural refuse collection points.","PeriodicalId":54571,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Municipal Engineer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2004-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85082555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-06-01DOI: 10.1680/MUEN.2004.157.2.111
J. Fewster
Walking is Britain's most popular outdoor pastime. It is good for health and, particularly in rural areas, good for the economy. Walkers in England spend £6 billion every year, generating in the region of 200 000 full-time jobs. Rights of way are afforded excellent legal protection. However, despite this, in England 35% of paths are difficult or impossible to use, and in Wales around half of all paths are unsatisfactory, and around a third are unusable. Highway authorities have the duty to protect and assert the public's rights to use footpaths and other highways, and new legislation—the Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000—is introducing new duties and powers for these authorities.
{"title":"Walking—social, health and economic benefits, and the law","authors":"J. Fewster","doi":"10.1680/MUEN.2004.157.2.111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/MUEN.2004.157.2.111","url":null,"abstract":"Walking is Britain's most popular outdoor pastime. It is good for health and, particularly in rural areas, good for the economy. Walkers in England spend £6 billion every year, generating in the region of 200 000 full-time jobs. Rights of way are afforded excellent legal protection. However, despite this, in England 35% of paths are difficult or impossible to use, and in Wales around half of all paths are unsatisfactory, and around a third are unusable. Highway authorities have the duty to protect and assert the public's rights to use footpaths and other highways, and new legislation—the Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000—is introducing new duties and powers for these authorities.","PeriodicalId":54571,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Municipal Engineer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2004-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90051391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-06-01DOI: 10.1680/MUEN.2004.157.2.129
Leigh Robinson
This paper examines the impact of customer expectations on the management of public leisure services, arguing that public leisure providers will need to shift their attention from the management of service quality, to focus on the management of customer expectations of their services.
{"title":"Public leisure facilities: managing customer expectations","authors":"Leigh Robinson","doi":"10.1680/MUEN.2004.157.2.129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/MUEN.2004.157.2.129","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the impact of customer expectations on the management of public leisure services, arguing that public leisure providers will need to shift their attention from the management of service quality, to focus on the management of customer expectations of their services.","PeriodicalId":54571,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Municipal Engineer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2004-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86651599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-06-01DOI: 10.1680/MUEN.2004.157.2.121
E. Chorlton
Devon can lay claim to being one of England's favourite counties. It possesses an outstanding environment, and also serves as a year-round premier tourism destination. Devon County Council (DCC) is adopting innovative approaches to providing high-quality sustainable tourism. These approaches promote year-round sustainable tourism through initiatives such as a new customer-focused tourism web portal, managing England's first natural World Heritage Site and integrating tourism and economic development in a remote rural area. Devon is also enhancing opportunities for people to enjoy access to the countryside. Linked to DCC's status as a Centre of Excellence for Transport Planning, the county council's sustainable travel initiatives include improving facilities for walking, cycling and leisure travel by public transport. This paper assesses the successes and challenges of strategic approaches to sustainable tourism with particular emphasis on transport networks.
{"title":"New approaches to sustainable tourism in Devon","authors":"E. Chorlton","doi":"10.1680/MUEN.2004.157.2.121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/MUEN.2004.157.2.121","url":null,"abstract":"Devon can lay claim to being one of England's favourite counties. It possesses an outstanding environment, and also serves as a year-round premier tourism destination. Devon County Council (DCC) is adopting innovative approaches to providing high-quality sustainable tourism. These approaches promote year-round sustainable tourism through initiatives such as a new customer-focused tourism web portal, managing England's first natural World Heritage Site and integrating tourism and economic development in a remote rural area. Devon is also enhancing opportunities for people to enjoy access to the countryside. Linked to DCC's status as a Centre of Excellence for Transport Planning, the county council's sustainable travel initiatives include improving facilities for walking, cycling and leisure travel by public transport. This paper assesses the successes and challenges of strategic approaches to sustainable tourism with particular emphasis on transport networks.","PeriodicalId":54571,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Municipal Engineer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2004-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86053739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-06-01DOI: 10.1680/MUEN.2004.157.2.77
C. Greed
There is no mandatory requirement for local authorities to provide public toilets. Yet, it is argued, they are a vital component in creating accessible, sustainable and comfortable cities for all. In this paper the reasons for compulsory standards are explained, and the underlying problems of current provision and regulation are investigated. The nature of a spatial toilet strategy in respect of the adequate distribution and location of public toilets is outlined. Changes in the regulatory and organisational aspects of public toilet provision are proposed that would result in a better standard of facilities for twenty-first century needs.
{"title":"Public toilets: The need for compulsory provision","authors":"C. Greed","doi":"10.1680/MUEN.2004.157.2.77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/MUEN.2004.157.2.77","url":null,"abstract":"There is no mandatory requirement for local authorities to provide public toilets. Yet, it is argued, they are a vital component in creating accessible, sustainable and comfortable cities for all. In this paper the reasons for compulsory standards are explained, and the underlying problems of current provision and regulation are investigated. The nature of a spatial toilet strategy in respect of the adequate distribution and location of public toilets is outlined. Changes in the regulatory and organisational aspects of public toilet provision are proposed that would result in a better standard of facilities for twenty-first century needs.","PeriodicalId":54571,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Municipal Engineer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2004-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87362741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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