Madiha Bencekri, Doyun Lee, Donggyun Ku, Seungjae Lee
This study introduces a Walkability Planning Support System (W-PSS), a novel framework designed to revolutionize urban walkability within the 15-minute city concept. The W-PSS stands out for its approach that develops a new walkability index, underscores pertinent explanatory variables, and introduces a methodology for sculpting diverse walkability scenarios using the Multiscale Geographical Weighted Regression model which achieved an adjusted R-squared of 67.3%. Central to the findings is the significant role of employment density in enhancing walkability, and the nuanced interplay between commercial and population densities. A particularly insightful revelation is the unexpected negative correlation between cycling and walkability, emphasizing the need for a meticulous strategy to avoid cyclist-pedestrian conflict by harmoniously integrating and balancing both modes. Additionally, while cities with robust public transit showed limited room for enhancement, safety, and green space emerged as opportunities for refinement. Conclusively, informed by these insights, this research furnishes tailored scenarios and policy recommendations to foster enhanced walkability in urban landscapes. While the W-PSS framework offers a universal planning support system model for assessing and improving walkability, the study acknowledges that the concluded insights and implications vary based on each city's unique characteristics. Therefore, the application and the interpretation of results should be tailored.
本研究介绍了步行能力规划支持系统（W-PSS），这是一个新颖的框架，旨在彻底改变 15 分钟城市概念中的城市步行能力。W-PSS 的突出之处在于它开发了一种新的步行能力指数，强调了相关的解释变量，并引入了一种方法，利用多尺度地理加权回归模型设计出多种步行能力方案，调整后的 R 平方达到 67.3%。研究结果的核心是就业密度在提高步行能力方面的重要作用，以及商业密度和人口密度之间微妙的相互作用。一个特别有洞察力的启示是，自行车与步行适宜性之间存在意想不到的负相关关系，这强调了通过和谐整合和平衡两种交通方式来避免自行车与行人冲突的缜密策略的必要性。此外，虽然公共交通发达的城市显示出有限的提升空间，但安全和绿地成为了改进的机会。最后，根据这些见解，本研究提供了量身定制的方案和政策建议，以促进城市景观中步行宜居性的提高。虽然 W-PSS 框架为评估和改善步行适宜性提供了一个通用的规划支持系统模型，但本研究承认，根据每个城市的独特性，得出的见解和影响也各不相同。因此，对结果的应用和解释应量体裁衣。
{"title":"A planning support system for boosting walkability","authors":"Madiha Bencekri, Doyun Lee, Donggyun Ku, Seungjae Lee","doi":"10.1680/jmuen.23.00040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jmuen.23.00040","url":null,"abstract":"This study introduces a Walkability Planning Support System (W-PSS), a novel framework designed to revolutionize urban walkability within the 15-minute city concept. The W-PSS stands out for its approach that develops a new walkability index, underscores pertinent explanatory variables, and introduces a methodology for sculpting diverse walkability scenarios using the Multiscale Geographical Weighted Regression model which achieved an adjusted R-squared of 67.3%. Central to the findings is the significant role of employment density in enhancing walkability, and the nuanced interplay between commercial and population densities. A particularly insightful revelation is the unexpected negative correlation between cycling and walkability, emphasizing the need for a meticulous strategy to avoid cyclist-pedestrian conflict by harmoniously integrating and balancing both modes. Additionally, while cities with robust public transit showed limited room for enhancement, safety, and green space emerged as opportunities for refinement. Conclusively, informed by these insights, this research furnishes tailored scenarios and policy recommendations to foster enhanced walkability in urban landscapes. While the W-PSS framework offers a universal planning support system model for assessing and improving walkability, the study acknowledges that the concluded insights and implications vary based on each city's unique characteristics. Therefore, the application and the interpretation of results should be tailored.","PeriodicalId":54571,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Municipal Engineer","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139054741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Covid-19 pandemic highlighted infection and hygiene as risks in dense public spaces, including public transport vehicles. This study investigated passenger touching behaviour within metro vehicles to understand the fomite exposure of passengers. Using in-vehicle CCTV on three lines of the London Underground, this paper investigated the number of touches on different types of train interiors and investigated their relationship with passenger density and movement. In total, 1,818 station sections and 16,891 passengers were observed cumulatively from May to December 2021. The results showed that on average for each type of interiors on Victoria and Jubilee lines, there were between 0.07 to 0.57 touches per passenger movement (i.e. boarding or alighting) for deep tube lines, whilst District line that uses larger carriages showed a different tendency. The results also suggested that for deep tube lines, the number of touches per person increased beyond a density of around 1.5 standing passengers per square meter possibly because passengers may touch interiors more in order not to bump into other passengers. These findings can be used in infection risk modelling and can inform mitigation of infection risk of future pandemics.
{"title":"Where and how often do people touch train interiors? An Investigation for future pandemic prevention","authors":"Chloe Mow, Sebastian Seriani, Taku Fujiyama","doi":"10.1680/jmuen.23.00027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jmuen.23.00027","url":null,"abstract":"The Covid-19 pandemic highlighted infection and hygiene as risks in dense public spaces, including public transport vehicles. This study investigated passenger touching behaviour within metro vehicles to understand the fomite exposure of passengers. Using in-vehicle CCTV on three lines of the London Underground, this paper investigated the number of touches on different types of train interiors and investigated their relationship with passenger density and movement. In total, 1,818 station sections and 16,891 passengers were observed cumulatively from May to December 2021. The results showed that on average for each type of interiors on Victoria and Jubilee lines, there were between 0.07 to 0.57 touches per passenger movement (i.e. boarding or alighting) for deep tube lines, whilst District line that uses larger carriages showed a different tendency. The results also suggested that for deep tube lines, the number of touches per person increased beyond a density of around 1.5 standing passengers per square meter possibly because passengers may touch interiors more in order not to bump into other passengers. These findings can be used in infection risk modelling and can inform mitigation of infection risk of future pandemics.","PeriodicalId":54571,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Municipal Engineer","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138744638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Climate change is resulting in higher temperatures and the problem of heat stress, which significantly affects the urban population. Poor households living within low-income urban communities are disproportionately affected by these problems. This article reports an investigation of coping strategies among residents in a low-income community within Lagos, Nigeria. The study utilized a mixed-method approach – community survey (sample size = 300 residents) and semi-structured interviews with 15 purposively selected residents. The survey data was analysed statistically, while content analysis was conducted on the interview transcripts. The findings indicate range of personal/behavioural preventive and reactive strategies and building-related measures utilized to address the challenge of increasing heat within the community. Notably, greening-related practices (for planting trees, cultivating gardens) did not rank high among the residents. They are willing to pay modest amount towards greening and environmental features but not as much as housing modifications to enhance thermal comfort in the face extreme heat. The study contributes evidence of local coping strategies for heat exposure among disadvantaged urban residents, providing a pedestal on which heat adaptation initiatives can be developed.
{"title":"Strategies for addressing exposure to extreme heat in a slum community","authors":"Olumuyiwa Bayode Adegun","doi":"10.1680/jmuen.23.00022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jmuen.23.00022","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is resulting in higher temperatures and the problem of heat stress, which significantly affects the urban population. Poor households living within low-income urban communities are disproportionately affected by these problems. This article reports an investigation of coping strategies among residents in a low-income community within Lagos, Nigeria. The study utilized a mixed-method approach – community survey (sample size = 300 residents) and semi-structured interviews with 15 purposively selected residents. The survey data was analysed statistically, while content analysis was conducted on the interview transcripts. The findings indicate range of personal/behavioural preventive and reactive strategies and building-related measures utilized to address the challenge of increasing heat within the community. Notably, greening-related practices (for planting trees, cultivating gardens) did not rank high among the residents. They are willing to pay modest amount towards greening and environmental features but not as much as housing modifications to enhance thermal comfort in the face extreme heat. The study contributes evidence of local coping strategies for heat exposure among disadvantaged urban residents, providing a pedestal on which heat adaptation initiatives can be developed.","PeriodicalId":54571,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Municipal Engineer","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138744713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases accelerate global warming and contribute to further temperature increases. Global warming increases the likelihood of a shift towards more warm days and seasons and fewer cold days and seasons. Additionally, it causes changes in precipitation patterns. In earlier research, as ambient temperatures increase, cognitive performance decreases and the risk of crashing increases. Earlier, crash-frequency models were developed using various methodologies, but time-series crash-frequency prediction studies considering the effects of climate change are scarce. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify the correlation between crashes and climate change using big data and to develop crash-frequency models using an econometric model and a deep-learning model. Econometric models use autoregressive-integrated moving average and autoregressive-integrated moving average with exogenous variable that are traditional time-series methodologies. Deep-learning models use long short-term memory. This study approached crash occurrence by comprehensively considering climate change and traffic factors. Also, it differs from earlier studies in detailing the influence of independent variables on crashes. Through the results, the impact of climate change on accidents can be identified and it can contribute as an engineering basis for improving traffic safety.
{"title":"Exploration of highway accidents temporal changes using traffic and climate big data","authors":"Donghyeok Park, Kyeongjoo Kwon, Juneyoung Park","doi":"10.1680/jmuen.23.00029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jmuen.23.00029","url":null,"abstract":"Anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases accelerate global warming and contribute to further temperature increases. Global warming increases the likelihood of a shift towards more warm days and seasons and fewer cold days and seasons. Additionally, it causes changes in precipitation patterns. In earlier research, as ambient temperatures increase, cognitive performance decreases and the risk of crashing increases. Earlier, crash-frequency models were developed using various methodologies, but time-series crash-frequency prediction studies considering the effects of climate change are scarce. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify the correlation between crashes and climate change using big data and to develop crash-frequency models using an econometric model and a deep-learning model. Econometric models use autoregressive-integrated moving average and autoregressive-integrated moving average with exogenous variable that are traditional time-series methodologies. Deep-learning models use long short-term memory. This study approached crash occurrence by comprehensively considering climate change and traffic factors. Also, it differs from earlier studies in detailing the influence of independent variables on crashes. Through the results, the impact of climate change on accidents can be identified and it can contribute as an engineering basis for improving traffic safety.","PeriodicalId":54571,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Municipal Engineer","volume":"42 7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135944291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
While numerous studies have been done to examine the general trend of urban mobility during COVID-19, there is not enough research on changes in pedestrian behavioural characteristics and crowd dynamics in public space. Understanding and monitoring such changes are critical for the better management and design of public open space in case of future outbreaks of infectious diseases. To fill this gap, pedestrian movements are tracked and analysed with deep learning-based video analytics based on anonymized video footage along a major promenade in Hong Kong before and during COVID-19. Specifically, comparisons were made on pedestrian flow characteristics, pedestrian activities, and social distancing. Then, this study examines the dynamics of pedestrian crowding under different scenarios, using agent-based simulation. Model results suggest that the public space was characterized by fewer visitors, a higher average walking speed, a higher percentage of people exercising, and a lower percentage of people conducting stationary activities during COVID-19. In addition, a higher level of voluntary social distancing was observed. Several hotspots for pedestrian crowding were also identified. Learning from the above, it is suggested that multifunctional public space should be designed; and data-driven visitor management systems should be established to prepare for different scenarios in future cities.
{"title":"Behavioural changes in open space during COVID-19 with deep learning-based video analytics","authors":"Fei-Fei Zhang, Becky P.Y. Loo, Chang Jiang","doi":"10.1680/jmuen.23.00020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jmuen.23.00020","url":null,"abstract":"While numerous studies have been done to examine the general trend of urban mobility during COVID-19, there is not enough research on changes in pedestrian behavioural characteristics and crowd dynamics in public space. Understanding and monitoring such changes are critical for the better management and design of public open space in case of future outbreaks of infectious diseases. To fill this gap, pedestrian movements are tracked and analysed with deep learning-based video analytics based on anonymized video footage along a major promenade in Hong Kong before and during COVID-19. Specifically, comparisons were made on pedestrian flow characteristics, pedestrian activities, and social distancing. Then, this study examines the dynamics of pedestrian crowding under different scenarios, using agent-based simulation. Model results suggest that the public space was characterized by fewer visitors, a higher average walking speed, a higher percentage of people exercising, and a lower percentage of people conducting stationary activities during COVID-19. In addition, a higher level of voluntary social distancing was observed. Several hotspots for pedestrian crowding were also identified. Learning from the above, it is suggested that multifunctional public space should be designed; and data-driven visitor management systems should be established to prepare for different scenarios in future cities.","PeriodicalId":54571,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Municipal Engineer","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76016215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Digital technology has the potential to improve the way asphalt roads are constructed and maintained. The application of technologies, such as remote monitoring and telemetry, are being used to improve the quality of asphalt materials during the construction phase. Based on real-time data, the movement and arrival of delivery vehicles can be monitored and material temperatures can be recorded at each stage of the paving process. Similarly, roller compactor passes can be mapped to show the number of passes, compaction temperature and area of mat covered. Importantly, the technology has the capacity to create a safer working environment for road workers. This paper describes a study that builds on previous work, with the aim of developing notes for guidance and compliance requirements for electronic data monitoring. A series of criteria are proposed to approve the level of compaction based on electronic data. The latter includes the adoption of a similar approach to that being used in the USA, although certain aspects have been adapted for the type of materials and equipment available in Scotland. It is intended that the compliance requirements will be trialled on forthcoming paving schemes to determine their effectiveness and whether further amendments are required.
{"title":"Use of digital technology to improve the way asphalt roads are constructed","authors":"M. Mchale, M. Gordon, A. Ferguson","doi":"10.1680/jmuen.23.00005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jmuen.23.00005","url":null,"abstract":"Digital technology has the potential to improve the way asphalt roads are constructed and maintained. The application of technologies, such as remote monitoring and telemetry, are being used to improve the quality of asphalt materials during the construction phase. Based on real-time data, the movement and arrival of delivery vehicles can be monitored and material temperatures can be recorded at each stage of the paving process. Similarly, roller compactor passes can be mapped to show the number of passes, compaction temperature and area of mat covered. Importantly, the technology has the capacity to create a safer working environment for road workers. This paper describes a study that builds on previous work, with the aim of developing notes for guidance and compliance requirements for electronic data monitoring. A series of criteria are proposed to approve the level of compaction based on electronic data. The latter includes the adoption of a similar approach to that being used in the USA, although certain aspects have been adapted for the type of materials and equipment available in Scotland. It is intended that the compliance requirements will be trialled on forthcoming paving schemes to determine their effectiveness and whether further amendments are required.","PeriodicalId":54571,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Municipal Engineer","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74428382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, we aim to clarify the differences in the factors influencing subway traffic behaviour of senior and non-senior passengers during the COVID-19 pandemic based on big data in Seoul, South Korea. A one-way analysis of variance is performed to analyse the influencing factors of subway use of senior and non-senior passengers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, a multiple linear regression is conducted to identify the factors affecting senior and non-senior passengers. Finally, the traffic patterns of senior and non-senior passengers were analysed with respect to districts via geographically weighted regression. The spatial scope of this study includes Seoul, which consists of 25 districts (gu). The temporal range is from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2020, and the number of people using subway in Seoul is used as the main dataset. The results suggest that senior passengers are more affected by subway than non-senior passengers, and the most influential factors are cultural gathering facilities and the number of subway stations. The regression model showed high explanatory power for southern Seoul, which has a high concentration of facilities related to the influencing factors.
{"title":"Mobility challenges for senior passengers during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Donggyun Ku, Dahye Kim, Seungjae Lee","doi":"10.1680/jmuen.22.00033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jmuen.22.00033","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we aim to clarify the differences in the factors influencing subway traffic behaviour of senior and non-senior passengers during the COVID-19 pandemic based on big data in Seoul, South Korea. A one-way analysis of variance is performed to analyse the influencing factors of subway use of senior and non-senior passengers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, a multiple linear regression is conducted to identify the factors affecting senior and non-senior passengers. Finally, the traffic patterns of senior and non-senior passengers were analysed with respect to districts via geographically weighted regression. The spatial scope of this study includes Seoul, which consists of 25 districts (gu). The temporal range is from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2020, and the number of people using subway in Seoul is used as the main dataset. The results suggest that senior passengers are more affected by subway than non-senior passengers, and the most influential factors are cultural gathering facilities and the number of subway stations. The regression model showed high explanatory power for southern Seoul, which has a high concentration of facilities related to the influencing factors.","PeriodicalId":54571,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Municipal Engineer","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86670596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Barbalho, Fernando Rodrigues Lima, Luiz Carlos Teixeira Coelho Filho
The urban environment of Rio de Janeiro has its own complexities when compared with other large cities in Brazil and around the world. In addition to its peculiar topographic structure, the history of the city – from its foundation to the present day – has led to unique and contradictory characteristics. A multipurpose land cadastre (MLC, in Portuguese: Cadastro Técnico Multifinalitário), since its inception in Brazil, promises to adapt urban environments to a new reality, facilitating the management of their entire territories by using tools such as geographic information systems. This study intends to identify and analyse the main issues that prevent Rio de Janeiro from establishing an effective MLC, most notably the existence of a variety of land-use bases with legal value, but which are contradictory if examined cartographically. This study was carried out by examining a subset of Rio de Janeiro: the Bangu neighbourhood. Bangu was chosen for being a considerably complex neighbourhood, with a variety of land uses that reflects the urban fabric of Rio de Janeiro as a whole. The analysis not only points out inconsistencies in current cadastral bases, but also suggests tasks and policies to help overcome them and provide the city with appropriate cadastral bases that reflect the reality of its urban soil.
与巴西和世界其他大城市相比，里约热内卢的城市环境有其自身的复杂性。除了其独特的地形结构，城市的历史-从它的基础到现在-导致了独特和矛盾的特征。多用途土地地籍(MLC，葡萄牙语:Cadastro t cnico Multifinalitário)自巴西开始实施以来，承诺使城市环境适应新的现实，通过使用地理信息系统等工具促进对其整个领土的管理。这项研究的目的是查明和分析妨碍里约热内卢建立有效的土地管理体系的主要问题，最明显的是存在各种具有法律价值的土地使用基础，但如果从地图上加以审查，这些基础是相互矛盾的。这项研究是通过检查里约热内卢的一个子集:班古社区来进行的。班古被选为一个相当复杂的社区，其各种土地用途反映了整个里约热内卢的城市结构。分析不仅指出了当前地籍基础存在的不一致之处，还提出了克服这些不一致之处的任务和政策建议，为城市提供合适的反映城市土壤现实的地籍基础。
{"title":"Challenges of implementing a land cadastre in Rio de Janeiro: the Bangu case study","authors":"L. Barbalho, Fernando Rodrigues Lima, Luiz Carlos Teixeira Coelho Filho","doi":"10.1680/jmuen.22.00040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jmuen.22.00040","url":null,"abstract":"The urban environment of Rio de Janeiro has its own complexities when compared with other large cities in Brazil and around the world. In addition to its peculiar topographic structure, the history of the city – from its foundation to the present day – has led to unique and contradictory characteristics. A multipurpose land cadastre (MLC, in Portuguese: Cadastro Técnico Multifinalitário), since its inception in Brazil, promises to adapt urban environments to a new reality, facilitating the management of their entire territories by using tools such as geographic information systems. This study intends to identify and analyse the main issues that prevent Rio de Janeiro from establishing an effective MLC, most notably the existence of a variety of land-use bases with legal value, but which are contradictory if examined cartographically. This study was carried out by examining a subset of Rio de Janeiro: the Bangu neighbourhood. Bangu was chosen for being a considerably complex neighbourhood, with a variety of land uses that reflects the urban fabric of Rio de Janeiro as a whole. The analysis not only points out inconsistencies in current cadastral bases, but also suggests tasks and policies to help overcome them and provide the city with appropriate cadastral bases that reflect the reality of its urban soil.","PeriodicalId":54571,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Municipal Engineer","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84323962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Physical access to education is a major issue of deliberation among governments, transport planners and policymakers. The status of physical access to educational institutes in the region is determined by the collective characteristics of the area, such as proximity and the level of services available. Transport accessibility in rural areas is challenging and affects the physical access to education in developing countries. Subsequently, a research enquiry is posed: does transport accessibility in the region affects access to educational opportunities in the rural context? If yes, what transport-related determinants influence access to educational opportunities? Census data is used for analysis, employing a multivariate regression approach using ordinary least squares estimation. The key revelations of the research are (a) proximity to the educational institute and transit are the critical determinants of attending the educational institute in rural India, (b) bicycle ownership improves attendance at educational institutes in the study region and (c) a considerable gender differential and the rural–urban gap in attending the higher educational institutes exist, signifying the accessibility poverty in the region. This study contributes a framework for analysing the transport accessibility determinants of attending educational opportunities in data-scarce conditions in the global south.
{"title":"Accessibility as the determinant of attending educational opportunities in rural India","authors":"Shivendu Shekhar Singh, Basudatta Sarkar","doi":"10.1680/jmuen.22.00024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jmuen.22.00024","url":null,"abstract":"Physical access to education is a major issue of deliberation among governments, transport planners and policymakers. The status of physical access to educational institutes in the region is determined by the collective characteristics of the area, such as proximity and the level of services available. Transport accessibility in rural areas is challenging and affects the physical access to education in developing countries. Subsequently, a research enquiry is posed: does transport accessibility in the region affects access to educational opportunities in the rural context? If yes, what transport-related determinants influence access to educational opportunities? Census data is used for analysis, employing a multivariate regression approach using ordinary least squares estimation. The key revelations of the research are (a) proximity to the educational institute and transit are the critical determinants of attending the educational institute in rural India, (b) bicycle ownership improves attendance at educational institutes in the study region and (c) a considerable gender differential and the rural–urban gap in attending the higher educational institutes exist, signifying the accessibility poverty in the region. This study contributes a framework for analysing the transport accessibility determinants of attending educational opportunities in data-scarce conditions in the global south.","PeriodicalId":54571,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Municipal Engineer","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135464992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Decision-makers around the world adopted Public Bicycle Sharing System (PBSS) due to its easy access at major strategic locations and its user-friendly operations. The documented studies identify various barriers and solutions for PBSS but study on identification of optimum solution for varied conditions is limited. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to rank the barriers and solutions for PBSS implementation for Indian urban areas. As the framework is robust so methodology can apply globally. Initially, 31 PBSS barriers and 14 solutions were identified after reviewing literature and assessment from professionals. Finally, two Multi-Criteria Decision-Making methods (MCDM) were integrated to rank barriers and solutions for Indian cities using an expert opinion survey. The result shows that infrastructure barriers of the city, social barrier for cycling and travel characteristics barriers have more impact in the main criteria whereas presence of exclusive bicycle lane, government policies and provision of modified and e-bicycle are found to be the most optimum solutions and have potential to overcome the influence of barriers. The outcome of this research will help various stakeholders to develop pro-cycling policies, decision on financial resource allocation, understanding on the existing barriers and solutions to develop future policy to increase PBSS usage.
{"title":"Ranking barriers & optimum solutions for public bicycle sharing system: an MCDM approach","authors":"S. J. Patel, C. Patel, Bhavesh N. Dhonde","doi":"10.1680/jmuen.23.00002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jmuen.23.00002","url":null,"abstract":"Decision-makers around the world adopted Public Bicycle Sharing System (PBSS) due to its easy access at major strategic locations and its user-friendly operations. The documented studies identify various barriers and solutions for PBSS but study on identification of optimum solution for varied conditions is limited. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to rank the barriers and solutions for PBSS implementation for Indian urban areas. As the framework is robust so methodology can apply globally. Initially, 31 PBSS barriers and 14 solutions were identified after reviewing literature and assessment from professionals. Finally, two Multi-Criteria Decision-Making methods (MCDM) were integrated to rank barriers and solutions for Indian cities using an expert opinion survey. The result shows that infrastructure barriers of the city, social barrier for cycling and travel characteristics barriers have more impact in the main criteria whereas presence of exclusive bicycle lane, government policies and provision of modified and e-bicycle are found to be the most optimum solutions and have potential to overcome the influence of barriers. The outcome of this research will help various stakeholders to develop pro-cycling policies, decision on financial resource allocation, understanding on the existing barriers and solutions to develop future policy to increase PBSS usage.","PeriodicalId":54571,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Municipal Engineer","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80296628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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