Daniel Kahneman, the Nobel Prize winning psychologist, made the following observation. ‘Economists think about what people ought to do. Psychologists watch what they actually do’. This apparently s...
{"title":"Expected behaviour and actual behaviour – is there a difference?","authors":"Phil Parker","doi":"10.1680/jmuen.16.00055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jmuen.16.00055","url":null,"abstract":"Daniel Kahneman, the Nobel Prize winning psychologist, made the following observation. ‘Economists think about what people ought to do. Psychologists watch what they actually do’. This apparently s...","PeriodicalId":54571,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Municipal Engineer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85849075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article compares per-mile risks posed by motor traffic to pedestrians and cyclists on urban major and minor roads. Carrying out new analysis of police injury data from 2005-15, the paper finds that per billion vehicle miles, motor vehicles on minor roads create more pedestrian casualties than motor vehicles on major roads. Specifically, for KSI (killed or seriously injured) injuries the rate per billion motor vehicle miles is 17% higher on minor roads (47 versus 40 KSIs per billion vehicle miles), while for slight injuries it is 66% higher (188 vs. 123 slight injuries per billion vehicle miles). Examining the costs of injuries sustained, these are 7.4% higher for pedestrians per motor vehicle mile travelled on urban minor roads, compared to major roads. For cyclists, injury costs are slightly higher (4.2%) on major roads per mile driven, compared to minor roads. These results suggest that re-routing motor traffic to major roads in urban areas may reduce pedestrian casualties. However, if cyclist safety on major roads is not improved, shifting motor traffic from minor to major roads may result in unintended negative injury consequences for cyclists.
{"title":"Motor traffic on urban minor and major roads: impacts on pedestrian and cyclist injuries","authors":"R. Aldred","doi":"10.1680/JMUEN.16.00068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/JMUEN.16.00068","url":null,"abstract":"This article compares per-mile risks posed by motor traffic to pedestrians and cyclists on urban major and minor roads. Carrying out new analysis of police injury data from 2005-15, the paper finds that per billion vehicle miles, motor vehicles on minor roads create more pedestrian casualties than motor vehicles on major roads. Specifically, for KSI (killed or seriously injured) injuries the rate per billion motor vehicle miles is 17% higher on minor roads (47 versus 40 KSIs per billion vehicle miles), while for slight injuries it is 66% higher (188 vs. 123 slight injuries per billion vehicle miles). Examining the costs of injuries sustained, these are 7.4% higher for pedestrians per motor vehicle mile travelled on urban minor roads, compared to major roads. For cyclists, injury costs are slightly higher (4.2%) on major roads per mile driven, compared to minor roads. These results suggest that re-routing motor traffic to major roads in urban areas may reduce pedestrian casualties. However, if cyclist safety on major roads is not improved, shifting motor traffic from minor to major roads may result in unintended negative injury consequences for cyclists.","PeriodicalId":54571,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Municipal Engineer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76425263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Walking is the basic way of movement and the most environmentally sound mode of urban transportation. However, pedestrians sometimes are subjected to danger by engaging themselves in risky and unsa...
{"title":"Identifying factors affecting pedestrians' crossing decisions at intersections in Iran","authors":"Zahra Jahandideh, B. Mirbaha, A. Rassafi","doi":"10.1680/JMUEN.17.00005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/JMUEN.17.00005","url":null,"abstract":"Walking is the basic way of movement and the most environmentally sound mode of urban transportation. However, pedestrians sometimes are subjected to danger by engaging themselves in risky and unsa...","PeriodicalId":54571,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Municipal Engineer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88073999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The unique geometric features, the high-speed limit and the presence of multiple lanes in highways allow them to support large volumes of traffic. However, driving behaviours such as lane-change ma...
高速公路独特的几何特征、高速限制和多车道的存在使它们能够支持大量的交通。然而，驾驶行为，如变道…
{"title":"Comparing the lane-changing behaviour of Iran and the United States","authors":"A. Edrisi, Moein Askari","doi":"10.1680/JMUEN.17.00004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/JMUEN.17.00004","url":null,"abstract":"The unique geometric features, the high-speed limit and the presence of multiple lanes in highways allow them to support large volumes of traffic. However, driving behaviours such as lane-change ma...","PeriodicalId":54571,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Municipal Engineer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90780393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Road safety in the United Kingdom is of a checkered history. Originating from an age of free motoring and wide-open roads of adventure, its practices and processes have often been preventative to w...
英国的道路安全有着曲折的历史。它起源于自由驾驶和广阔的冒险道路的时代，其做法和过程往往是预防…
{"title":"Call to action: towards a practice of inclusive road safety","authors":"K. Leyendecker","doi":"10.1680/JMUEN.16.00052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/JMUEN.16.00052","url":null,"abstract":"Road safety in the United Kingdom is of a checkered history. Originating from an age of free motoring and wide-open roads of adventure, its practices and processes have often been preventative to w...","PeriodicalId":54571,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Municipal Engineer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82176692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joseph Matthews, Keith Newman, Amy Green, Lee Fawcett, N. Thorpe, K. Kremer
Road safety practitioners are tasked with maintaining safety on their network, primarily by identifying collision hotspots to which resources should be allocated and by ensuring that road safety sc...
道路安全从业人员的任务是维护其网络上的安全，主要是通过确定应分配资源的碰撞热点，并确保道路安全…
{"title":"A decision support toolkit to inform road safety investment decisions","authors":"Joseph Matthews, Keith Newman, Amy Green, Lee Fawcett, N. Thorpe, K. Kremer","doi":"10.1680/JMUEN.16.00057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/JMUEN.16.00057","url":null,"abstract":"Road safety practitioners are tasked with maintaining safety on their network, primarily by identifying collision hotspots to which resources should be allocated and by ensuring that road safety sc...","PeriodicalId":54571,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Municipal Engineer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88908808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pedestrian urban spaces are conducive to the critical economic, environmental and social challenges pertaining to the use of predominantly motorised transport systems. Pedestrian environments (PEs)...
步行城市空间有助于解决主要使用机动交通系统所带来的重大经济、环境和社会挑战。行人环境(PEs)…
{"title":"Analysis of walking patterns in a pedestrian environment using cellular automata","authors":"A. Rassafi, Fatemeh Mohajeri","doi":"10.1680/JMUEN.16.00050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/JMUEN.16.00050","url":null,"abstract":"Pedestrian urban spaces are conducive to the critical economic, environmental and social challenges pertaining to the use of predominantly motorised transport systems. Pedestrian environments (PEs)...","PeriodicalId":54571,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Municipal Engineer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76977745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As globalisation continues to dissolve the boundaries across the world, the significance of pursuing competitive advantages in construction is becoming more apparent. This paper applies Porter's diamond framework to identify endogenous sources of competitive advantages of construction enterprises, based on an extensive qualitative research approach. The attributes pertinent to the competitiveness of the Hong Kong construction enterprises include talented professional resources, accumulated experience from home demand especially in designing and constructing high-rise buildings, and the pressure from both local and global rivalry. Design expertise and managerial ability have made Hong Kong one of the regional leaders. Despite that, the technical ability, lack of incentives to invest in innovation/research and development as well as limited support by government were the impediments to further sharpen the industry's competitiveness. The analysis contributes to the debates in relevant literature on the appli...
{"title":"Improving the competitive advantages of construction firms in developed countries","authors":"S. T. Ng, J. Wong, Y. Chiang, Patrick T. I. Lam","doi":"10.1680/JMUEN.17.00002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/JMUEN.17.00002","url":null,"abstract":"As globalisation continues to dissolve the boundaries across the world, the significance of pursuing competitive advantages in construction is becoming more apparent. This paper applies Porter's diamond framework to identify endogenous sources of competitive advantages of construction enterprises, based on an extensive qualitative research approach. The attributes pertinent to the competitiveness of the Hong Kong construction enterprises include talented professional resources, accumulated experience from home demand especially in designing and constructing high-rise buildings, and the pressure from both local and global rivalry. Design expertise and managerial ability have made Hong Kong one of the regional leaders. Despite that, the technical ability, lack of incentives to invest in innovation/research and development as well as limited support by government were the impediments to further sharpen the industry's competitiveness. The analysis contributes to the debates in relevant literature on the appli...","PeriodicalId":54571,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Municipal Engineer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2018-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91117204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The municipal solid waste (MSW) generation in Hong Kong (HK) is increasing at a rapid pace, resulting in health and environmental issues for the public. Compared with Singapore and Shanghai, HK has a higher MSW generation rate due to less effective measures and government policies. To forecast the MSW generation and recycling in HK, system dynamics modelling was conducted using Vensim 6.0, based on the data collected from semi-structured interviews and official reports in the Environmental Protection Department of HK, the National Environmental Agency Singapore and Shanghai Environmental Protection Agency that regularly provide statistics on waste outputs. The simulation results show that shortly the MSW in HK will increase based on the current growth rates, and along with that, recycling will also increase. The recycling rates will offset that of the MSW generation due to the closure of landfills, and MSW will be effectively recycled due to more advanced disposal techniques. The strategies developed by t...
{"title":"System dynamics simulation on municipal solid waste in Hong Kong","authors":"Chen Wang","doi":"10.1680/JMUEN.16.00044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/JMUEN.16.00044","url":null,"abstract":"The municipal solid waste (MSW) generation in Hong Kong (HK) is increasing at a rapid pace, resulting in health and environmental issues for the public. Compared with Singapore and Shanghai, HK has a higher MSW generation rate due to less effective measures and government policies. To forecast the MSW generation and recycling in HK, system dynamics modelling was conducted using Vensim 6.0, based on the data collected from semi-structured interviews and official reports in the Environmental Protection Department of HK, the National Environmental Agency Singapore and Shanghai Environmental Protection Agency that regularly provide statistics on waste outputs. The simulation results show that shortly the MSW in HK will increase based on the current growth rates, and along with that, recycling will also increase. The recycling rates will offset that of the MSW generation due to the closure of landfills, and MSW will be effectively recycled due to more advanced disposal techniques. The strategies developed by t...","PeriodicalId":54571,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Municipal Engineer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2018-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91222579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The use of building information modelling (BIM), as a process throughout the life cycle of a building, can be found in all types of buildings. Specific phases of buildings’ life are brownfields, bu...
{"title":"Application of building information modelling in planning of future use of underused areas","authors":"M. Faltejsek, N. Szeligová, B. Vojvodíková","doi":"10.1680/JMUEN.17.00038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/JMUEN.17.00038","url":null,"abstract":"The use of building information modelling (BIM), as a process throughout the life cycle of a building, can be found in all types of buildings. Specific phases of buildings’ life are brownfields, bu...","PeriodicalId":54571,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Municipal Engineer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2018-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82501289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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