Pub Date : 2010-09-01DOI: 10.1680/MUEN.2010.163.3.127
A. Law
The idea of the historic city has often been discussed through debates about conservation and development. In recent years some writers have discussed the idea of the historic city through concepts of sustainability and particularly the idea of social sustainability. However, although sustainability is important, the idea that local communities play a key role in the development of historic cities has been barely researched. The present paper fills this gap by looking at less well recognised investigations that have dealt with the way that different local communities have interacted and reinterpreted the urban heritage sites they live within or alongside. It is argued that more attention needs to be paid to the processual side of social life and the historic environment if issues of vitality, revitalisation and even sterility in the historic city are to be understood more readily.
{"title":"The problem of sustainability and the historic city","authors":"A. Law","doi":"10.1680/MUEN.2010.163.3.127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/MUEN.2010.163.3.127","url":null,"abstract":"The idea of the historic city has often been discussed through debates about conservation and development. In recent years some writers have discussed the idea of the historic city through concepts of sustainability and particularly the idea of social sustainability. However, although sustainability is important, the idea that local communities play a key role in the development of historic cities has been barely researched. The present paper fills this gap by looking at less well recognised investigations that have dealt with the way that different local communities have interacted and reinterpreted the urban heritage sites they live within or alongside. It is argued that more attention needs to be paid to the processual side of social life and the historic environment if issues of vitality, revitalisation and even sterility in the historic city are to be understood more readily.","PeriodicalId":54571,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Municipal Engineer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2010-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74355735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-06-01DOI: 10.1680/MUEN.2009.162.2.117
A. Kaźmierczak, S. Curwell, J. Turner
Large urban distressed areas (LUDAs) are places, present in many European cities, where interlinked social, economic and environmental problems occur at a significant spatial scale. Due to their size, complexity of problems and uncertain future, sustainable regeneration of LUDAs is very difficult. To redevelop LUDAs, rational and effective decision making is necessary, and this needs to be supported by appropriate use of ex-ante assessments (i.e. assessments preceding the implementation of regeneration projects). The aim of this paper is to report work undertaken in the fifth framework programme of the European Commission research project, which investigated the state of knowledge about ex-ante assessment methods on a sample of nine European research institutions and six municipalities. A questionnaire containing a list of ex-ante assessment methods relevant to LUDAs was distributed to question respondents about their theoretical knowledge and practical experience of the methods. The results showed that, while knowledge of assessment methods among researchers and practitioners was satisfactory, practical application was less advanced. The paper highlights a need for the development of ex-ante assessment methods specifically related to economic and structural aspects of urban regeneration and calls for more guidance for urban practitioners on the application of assessment methods.
{"title":"Regeneration of large urban areas: assessment methods","authors":"A. Kaźmierczak, S. Curwell, J. Turner","doi":"10.1680/MUEN.2009.162.2.117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/MUEN.2009.162.2.117","url":null,"abstract":"Large urban distressed areas (LUDAs) are places, present in many European cities, where interlinked social, economic and environmental problems occur at a significant spatial scale. Due to their size, complexity of problems and uncertain future, sustainable regeneration of LUDAs is very difficult. To redevelop LUDAs, rational and effective decision making is necessary, and this needs to be supported by appropriate use of ex-ante assessments (i.e. assessments preceding the implementation of regeneration projects). The aim of this paper is to report work undertaken in the fifth framework programme of the European Commission research project, which investigated the state of knowledge about ex-ante assessment methods on a sample of nine European research institutions and six municipalities. A questionnaire containing a list of ex-ante assessment methods relevant to LUDAs was distributed to question respondents about their theoretical knowledge and practical experience of the methods. The results showed that, while knowledge of assessment methods among researchers and practitioners was satisfactory, practical application was less advanced. The paper highlights a need for the development of ex-ante assessment methods specifically related to economic and structural aspects of urban regeneration and calls for more guidance for urban practitioners on the application of assessment methods.","PeriodicalId":54571,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Municipal Engineer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2009-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76523704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-03-01DOI: 10.1680/MUEN.2009.162.1.15
W. Strydom, M. Mavroulidou
Quality data are fundamental to modern traffic control and management. Automatic traffic detection systems provide a major source of such information. Most of the current systems in place are in large cities, where traffic is a major problem and sufficient money is available for their implementation. It is, however, a common mis-perception that such systems are outside the budgets of local authorities. A study was set out to demonstrate the scope of using automated detection systems on smaller projects and the consequent benefits for practising traffic engineers and local government. The study focused on the potential of using automated vehicle and pedestrian detection technology for the provision of pedestrian crossing facilities. Two separate sets of surveys were carried out in the UK—the first was based on automatic counters and the second used conventional (manual) counts. The results were used individually to determine if and what type of pedestrian crossing was required. A software tool was develope...
{"title":"Automated surveys for the provision of pedestrian crossings","authors":"W. Strydom, M. Mavroulidou","doi":"10.1680/MUEN.2009.162.1.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/MUEN.2009.162.1.15","url":null,"abstract":"Quality data are fundamental to modern traffic control and management. Automatic traffic detection systems provide a major source of such information. Most of the current systems in place are in large cities, where traffic is a major problem and sufficient money is available for their implementation. It is, however, a common mis-perception that such systems are outside the budgets of local authorities. A study was set out to demonstrate the scope of using automated detection systems on smaller projects and the consequent benefits for practising traffic engineers and local government. The study focused on the potential of using automated vehicle and pedestrian detection technology for the provision of pedestrian crossing facilities. Two separate sets of surveys were carried out in the UK—the first was based on automatic counters and the second used conventional (manual) counts. The results were used individually to determine if and what type of pedestrian crossing was required. A software tool was develope...","PeriodicalId":54571,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Municipal Engineer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2009-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87704474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-06-01DOI: 10.1680/MUEN.2008.161.2.83
Wolff‐Michael Roth
Access to a sufficient amount of safe water is taken for granted in industrialised nations. Yet, as multiple incidents of contaminated water supplies show, citizens of highly industrialised nations such as Canada may not have access to safe water—the deadly E. coli outbreak in Waterton, Ontario, being but the most visible among many. Municipal engineers may find themselves between enemy lines as they are asked to assess available data of very different, even incommensurable, types in an evaluation of alternative solutions of access to safe water. Such access also takes into account safety issues such as those concerning the environment and fire hazards. This article reports the results of a ten-year anthropological study of science and municipal engineering in the often-acrimonious conflict over access to the municipal watermain and safe water in one Canadian community. In the history of the conflict, municipal engineers repeatedly found themselves between a rock and a hard place, having to evaluate confl...
{"title":"Constructing community health and safety","authors":"Wolff‐Michael Roth","doi":"10.1680/MUEN.2008.161.2.83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/MUEN.2008.161.2.83","url":null,"abstract":"Access to a sufficient amount of safe water is taken for granted in industrialised nations. Yet, as multiple incidents of contaminated water supplies show, citizens of highly industrialised nations such as Canada may not have access to safe water—the deadly E. coli outbreak in Waterton, Ontario, being but the most visible among many. Municipal engineers may find themselves between enemy lines as they are asked to assess available data of very different, even incommensurable, types in an evaluation of alternative solutions of access to safe water. Such access also takes into account safety issues such as those concerning the environment and fire hazards. This article reports the results of a ten-year anthropological study of science and municipal engineering in the often-acrimonious conflict over access to the municipal watermain and safe water in one Canadian community. In the history of the conflict, municipal engineers repeatedly found themselves between a rock and a hard place, having to evaluate confl...","PeriodicalId":54571,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Municipal Engineer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2008-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82121033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-12-01DOI: 10.1680/MUEN.2006.159.4.245
J. Gwilliam, M. Fedeski, S. Lindley, N. Theuray, J. Handley
This paper describes methodologies for assessing risk at conurbation and neighbourhood scales that have been developed in order to provide urban planners with a toolkit for the assessment of risk due to climatic hazards. The methodologies treat risk as a function of hazard, vulnerability and exposure, all three of which elements are influenced by climate change. These three elements are represented as geospatial data layers in a geographical information system (GIS), in order to provide a logical framework to assist planning and management for communities that are safer, more sustainable and more resilient in the face of climate change. The risk assessment methodologies have initially been developed and applied at two different scales: a conurbation scale, using a screening process to locate areas of high risk to assist with land use planning tasks, and a neighbourhood scale, focusing on the influence of the vulnerability of the building stock on this risk. However, using the two methodologies in tandem c...
{"title":"Methods for assessing risk from climate hazards in urban areas","authors":"J. Gwilliam, M. Fedeski, S. Lindley, N. Theuray, J. Handley","doi":"10.1680/MUEN.2006.159.4.245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/MUEN.2006.159.4.245","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes methodologies for assessing risk at conurbation and neighbourhood scales that have been developed in order to provide urban planners with a toolkit for the assessment of risk due to climatic hazards. The methodologies treat risk as a function of hazard, vulnerability and exposure, all three of which elements are influenced by climate change. These three elements are represented as geospatial data layers in a geographical information system (GIS), in order to provide a logical framework to assist planning and management for communities that are safer, more sustainable and more resilient in the face of climate change. The risk assessment methodologies have initially been developed and applied at two different scales: a conurbation scale, using a screening process to locate areas of high risk to assist with land use planning tasks, and a neighbourhood scale, focusing on the influence of the vulnerability of the building stock on this risk. However, using the two methodologies in tandem c...","PeriodicalId":54571,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Municipal Engineer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2006-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77760236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-01-01DOI: 10.1680/MUEN.2005.158.1.53
K. Jayaratne, M. Sohail
Drawing on a four-year research programme conducted in Sri Lanka (part of a larger programme also conducted in India and Kenya) this paper addresses the issue of building and planning regulations and how such regulations affect people's livelihoods. This paper begins by reviewing the urban housing programmes undertaken in Sri Lanka over the past 30 years with special reference to urban upgrading projects and their respective planning and building regulations. The authors have analysed four cases from Colombo Municipality and two cases from a secondary town, Moratuwa Municipality in Colombo Municipal Authority, in order to assess the impacts of such urban upgrading programmes on the livelihoods of the poor; some conclusions and recommendations have been drawn. Guidance notes (based on a literature review, historical analysis and case studies) are presented towards the end of the paper for the use of local government staff as well as others acting as partners in the improvement of livelihoods in urban areas...
{"title":"Regulating urban upgrading in developing countries","authors":"K. Jayaratne, M. Sohail","doi":"10.1680/MUEN.2005.158.1.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/MUEN.2005.158.1.53","url":null,"abstract":"Drawing on a four-year research programme conducted in Sri Lanka (part of a larger programme also conducted in India and Kenya) this paper addresses the issue of building and planning regulations and how such regulations affect people's livelihoods. This paper begins by reviewing the urban housing programmes undertaken in Sri Lanka over the past 30 years with special reference to urban upgrading projects and their respective planning and building regulations. The authors have analysed four cases from Colombo Municipality and two cases from a secondary town, Moratuwa Municipality in Colombo Municipal Authority, in order to assess the impacts of such urban upgrading programmes on the livelihoods of the poor; some conclusions and recommendations have been drawn. Guidance notes (based on a literature review, historical analysis and case studies) are presented towards the end of the paper for the use of local government staff as well as others acting as partners in the improvement of livelihoods in urban areas...","PeriodicalId":54571,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Municipal Engineer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82907926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-12-01DOI: 10.1680/MUEN.2004.157.4.239
J. Pett
Most construction professionals would expect to be conversant with the relevant legislation relating to building and development: the Building Act and its approved documents, the Town and Country Planning Act, the Planning Policy Statements, the Contaminated Land Regime and the Control of Pollution Act probably spring to mind. What about sustainable housing? What legislation should be considered when thinking about housing in the context of its social, environmental and economic aspects? What issues are relevant for housing rather than houses? This paper explores the regulatory framework for sustainable housing in England and Wales, and identifies sources of information. It emerges that sustainable housing may be covered by a complex network of policy aims and guidelines, but there is little that requires housing providers to take sustainability into account unless they wish to obtain funding from bodies such as the Housing Corporation and English Partnerships. The paper does not set out construction legi...
{"title":"Sustainable housing—is it legal?","authors":"J. Pett","doi":"10.1680/MUEN.2004.157.4.239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/MUEN.2004.157.4.239","url":null,"abstract":"Most construction professionals would expect to be conversant with the relevant legislation relating to building and development: the Building Act and its approved documents, the Town and Country Planning Act, the Planning Policy Statements, the Contaminated Land Regime and the Control of Pollution Act probably spring to mind. What about sustainable housing? What legislation should be considered when thinking about housing in the context of its social, environmental and economic aspects? What issues are relevant for housing rather than houses? This paper explores the regulatory framework for sustainable housing in England and Wales, and identifies sources of information. It emerges that sustainable housing may be covered by a complex network of policy aims and guidelines, but there is little that requires housing providers to take sustainability into account unless they wish to obtain funding from bodies such as the Housing Corporation and English Partnerships. The paper does not set out construction legi...","PeriodicalId":54571,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Municipal Engineer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82939064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-12-01DOI: 10.1680/MUEN.2004.157.4.267
F. Rajé
This paper draws attention to the ways in which engineering solutions may contribute to access difficulties for local residents. It focuses on a case study of the Barton estate east of Oxford city centre and suggests that there is a need for greater awareness of how people can be affected by network and other transport infrastructure changes. The paper concludes with an appeal for more social awareness in the planning and design of engineering schemes.
{"title":"ENGINEERING SOCIAL EXCLUSION? POOR TRANSPORT LINKS AND SEVERANCE","authors":"F. Rajé","doi":"10.1680/MUEN.2004.157.4.267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/MUEN.2004.157.4.267","url":null,"abstract":"This paper draws attention to the ways in which engineering solutions may contribute to access difficulties for local residents. It focuses on a case study of the Barton estate east of Oxford city centre and suggests that there is a need for greater awareness of how people can be affected by network and other transport infrastructure changes. The paper concludes with an appeal for more social awareness in the planning and design of engineering schemes.","PeriodicalId":54571,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Municipal Engineer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80587298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-12-01DOI: 10.1680/MUEN.2004.157.4.245
J. B. Ellis, L. Scholes, D. Revitt, J. Oldham
The recent Barker Report on housing supply has identified serious shortages which partly result from slow planning decisions and conservative interpretations of Planning Policy Guidance 3 (PPG3) development rules. Increased and wider stakeholder interests and associated consultation times are also stretching out medium- to large-scale development approval times. Sustainable development design for high-density masterplanning, based on enhanced lifestyle and environmental parameters and which incorporate sustainable drainage systems are proposed, which bring together the apparently contradictory objectives of PPG3 development and PPG25 flood risk regulations.
{"title":"Sustainable urban development and drainage","authors":"J. B. Ellis, L. Scholes, D. Revitt, J. Oldham","doi":"10.1680/MUEN.2004.157.4.245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/MUEN.2004.157.4.245","url":null,"abstract":"The recent Barker Report on housing supply has identified serious shortages which partly result from slow planning decisions and conservative interpretations of Planning Policy Guidance 3 (PPG3) development rules. Increased and wider stakeholder interests and associated consultation times are also stretching out medium- to large-scale development approval times. Sustainable development design for high-density masterplanning, based on enhanced lifestyle and environmental parameters and which incorporate sustainable drainage systems are proposed, which bring together the apparently contradictory objectives of PPG3 development and PPG25 flood risk regulations.","PeriodicalId":54571,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Municipal Engineer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83412985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-09-07DOI: 10.1680/MUEN.2004.157.3.209
M. Malfas, Elena Theodoraki, B. Houlihan
Mega sporting events can be defined by their impacts and complexity in organisation and delivery. This paper reviews the literature on the features of such events and, drawing particular examples from recent Olympic Games, it identifies the nature and extent of their impacts on the host country and community. These range from the political, social, economical, physical and cultural and can be negative as well as positive. The paper concludes that while the prospect of economic growth is the driving force behind bids for hosting the Olympic Games, the legacies that follow their hosting are difficult to quantify, prone to political interpretation and multifaceted.
{"title":"Impacts of the Olympic Games as mega-events","authors":"M. Malfas, Elena Theodoraki, B. Houlihan","doi":"10.1680/MUEN.2004.157.3.209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/MUEN.2004.157.3.209","url":null,"abstract":"Mega sporting events can be defined by their impacts and complexity in organisation and delivery. This paper reviews the literature on the features of such events and, drawing particular examples from recent Olympic Games, it identifies the nature and extent of their impacts on the host country and community. These range from the political, social, economical, physical and cultural and can be negative as well as positive. The paper concludes that while the prospect of economic growth is the driving force behind bids for hosting the Olympic Games, the legacies that follow their hosting are difficult to quantify, prone to political interpretation and multifaceted.","PeriodicalId":54571,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Municipal Engineer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2004-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86154713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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