The impacts of climate change are already evident. Like all infrastructure, High Speed 2 Ltd (HS2) needs to be climate resilient so it can function in a future where there will be warmer and wetter winters, hotter and drier summers, and more extreme weather. Without resilience measures, climate change could affect HS2 through increased construction programme, network performance impacts and service delays with associated costs, as well as affecting staff and passengers. HS2 policy is to build a “climate-resilient railway”, taking part in the collective endeavour to combat climate change by setting ambitious carbon reduction targets for HS2’s overall operations to be net zero from 2035 and embedding adaptation measures to increase resilience to climate change. HS2 is one of the first projects to take a holistic approach to incorporating climate change into planning, design and construction. Learning from HS2’s approach is set out in this report. The key outputs of this report are how climate resilience thinking has been embedded into all project stages; how bespoke and innovative processes have fed into industry leading best practice, reporting and guidance; as well as describing climate-resilient design solutions. It is vital to integrate climate resilience and adaptation into infrastructure projects now to ensure infrastructure is prepared for our changing climate.
{"title":"HS2: delivering a climate change adapted and resilient railway","authors":"Alison Walker, Rachel Allison","doi":"10.1680/jcien.23.00130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jcien.23.00130","url":null,"abstract":"The impacts of climate change are already evident. Like all infrastructure, High Speed 2 Ltd (HS2) needs to be climate resilient so it can function in a future where there will be warmer and wetter winters, hotter and drier summers, and more extreme weather. Without resilience measures, climate change could affect HS2 through increased construction programme, network performance impacts and service delays with associated costs, as well as affecting staff and passengers. HS2 policy is to build a “climate-resilient railway”, taking part in the collective endeavour to combat climate change by setting ambitious carbon reduction targets for HS2’s overall operations to be net zero from 2035 and embedding adaptation measures to increase resilience to climate change. HS2 is one of the first projects to take a holistic approach to incorporating climate change into planning, design and construction. Learning from HS2’s approach is set out in this report. The key outputs of this report are how climate resilience thinking has been embedded into all project stages; how bespoke and innovative processes have fed into industry leading best practice, reporting and guidance; as well as describing climate-resilient design solutions. It is vital to integrate climate resilience and adaptation into infrastructure projects now to ensure infrastructure is prepared for our changing climate.","PeriodicalId":54573,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140314404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Extreme weather events are increasing in frequency and intensity, as are associated hazards such as floods, wildfires and overheating. Long-term sea level rise could have devastating impacts on coastal communities. In the last 20 years there has been steady progress in embedding climate adaptation within engineering practice, but the climate is changing more rapidly than the engineering sector is responding. This short piece outlines the challenges and progress in adapting to climate change, and the tools available for engineers to act, now, to enable infrastructure resilience within our rapidly changing climate. Engineers can use sector guidance and international (ISO) and British standards to plan, design, refurbish, maintain and operate infrastructure under a changing climate. There are tools to build organisational capacity, so that key decision makers are aware of the need to address climate change and have the leadership to access expertise and implement change. The ICE and fellow engineering institutions must promote climate awareness and capacity building both for students in higher education and at a strategic level within their membership.
{"title":"Infrastructure resilience under a changing climate: the urgent need for engineers to act","authors":"John Dora, Emma Jayne Sakamoto Ferranti","doi":"10.1680/jcien.24.00010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jcien.24.00010","url":null,"abstract":"Extreme weather events are increasing in frequency and intensity, as are associated hazards such as floods, wildfires and overheating. Long-term sea level rise could have devastating impacts on coastal communities. In the last 20 years there has been steady progress in embedding climate adaptation within engineering practice, but the climate is changing more rapidly than the engineering sector is responding. This short piece outlines the challenges and progress in adapting to climate change, and the tools available for engineers to act, now, to enable infrastructure resilience within our rapidly changing climate. Engineers can use sector guidance and international (ISO) and British standards to plan, design, refurbish, maintain and operate infrastructure under a changing climate. There are tools to build organisational capacity, so that key decision makers are aware of the need to address climate change and have the leadership to access expertise and implement change. The ICE and fellow engineering institutions must promote climate awareness and capacity building both for students in higher education and at a strategic level within their membership.","PeriodicalId":54573,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140313919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The ICE-led Enabling Better Infrastructure (EBI) programme published updated guidance to help governments identify and deliver on their infrastructure needs, ensuring people can live safe, healthy, and productive lives. Head of Enabling Better Infrastructure, Dr Kerry Bobbins, reports.
{"title":"Briefing: Tried-and-tested guidance for helping governments deliver the infrastructure people need","authors":"Kerry Bobbins","doi":"10.1680/jcien.24.00901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jcien.24.00901","url":null,"abstract":"The ICE-led Enabling Better Infrastructure (EBI) programme published updated guidance to help governments identify and deliver on their infrastructure needs, ensuring people can live safe, healthy, and productive lives. Head of Enabling Better Infrastructure, Dr Kerry Bobbins, reports.","PeriodicalId":54573,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140201131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent years, we have seen stark disruptions to global freight and logistics systems, from the Covid-19 pandemic to geopolitical conflict, shipping lanes being blocked by sideways ships, and natural disasters causing devastation in communities across the globe. On top of these challenges, the industry is grappling with the global transition to net zero emissions. It is clear that a fundamental shift in freight and goods movement is underway. What is not clear is what this will look like in practice. How can we, as engineers, make the infrastructure changes necessary to support this net zero transformation?
{"title":"Briefing: The future of goods movement: envisioning net zero logistics","authors":"John Fagan, Darren Briggs","doi":"10.1680/jcien.24.00902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jcien.24.00902","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, we have seen stark disruptions to global freight and logistics systems, from the Covid-19 pandemic to geopolitical conflict, shipping lanes being blocked by sideways ships, and natural disasters causing devastation in communities across the globe. On top of these challenges, the industry is grappling with the global transition to net zero emissions. It is clear that a fundamental shift in freight and goods movement is underway. What is not clear is what this will look like in practice. How can we, as engineers, make the infrastructure changes necessary to support this net zero transformation?","PeriodicalId":54573,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140323270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Groundwater flood forecasting and management has not yet been fully integrated with other types of flooding. Better recognition is needed of the role of groundwater and its interactions with infrastructure as part of holistic hydrological and engineering multi-source flood management.
{"title":"Briefing: Groundwater flooding – a hidden hazard","authors":"Geoff Parkin","doi":"10.1680/jcien.24.00905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jcien.24.00905","url":null,"abstract":"Groundwater flood forecasting and management has not yet been fully integrated with other types of flooding. Better recognition is needed of the role of groundwater and its interactions with infrastructure as part of holistic hydrological and engineering multi-source flood management.","PeriodicalId":54573,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140201133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Climate change has led to more frequent and severe extreme weather events, which impact critical infrastructure networks such as railway and power systems. Although infrastructure networks are interdependent, the analysis to understand the impact of weather events on infrastructure systems is usually performed in sector-specific silos. A methodology to examine how the same weather events affect different infrastructure sectors is presented, in order to understand cross-sectoral impact of extreme weather for interconnected regional infrastructure. Fragility modelling was used to examine the impact of temperature and rainfall on power and rail system failures using the West Midlands (in the UK) as a case study. The results demonstrated that the impact of temperature was broadly consistent across both infrastructure networks, showing less impact until specific upper and lower thresholds are passed; these thresholds were found to be similar for the different infrastructure networks evaluated, but railway infrastructure was found to be impacted more by lower temperatures. A growing correlation between the number of faults on power and railway systems was also found for both rainfall and temperature, indicating the value in coordinating preparation and planning efforts. For infrastructure operators and owners, regional resilience forums and other decision makers, this study provides an approach to assess the regional impact of extreme weather across multiple infrastructure sectors. The results give useful insights to inform the allocation of resources in response to extreme weather events.
{"title":"Weather-related fragility modelling of critical infrastructure: a power and railway case study","authors":"Zixuan Jia, Daniel L Donaldson, Emma Ferranti","doi":"10.1680/jcien.23.00115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jcien.23.00115","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change has led to more frequent and severe extreme weather events, which impact critical infrastructure networks such as railway and power systems. Although infrastructure networks are interdependent, the analysis to understand the impact of weather events on infrastructure systems is usually performed in sector-specific silos. A methodology to examine how the same weather events affect different infrastructure sectors is presented, in order to understand cross-sectoral impact of extreme weather for interconnected regional infrastructure. Fragility modelling was used to examine the impact of temperature and rainfall on power and rail system failures using the West Midlands (in the UK) as a case study. The results demonstrated that the impact of temperature was broadly consistent across both infrastructure networks, showing less impact until specific upper and lower thresholds are passed; these thresholds were found to be similar for the different infrastructure networks evaluated, but railway infrastructure was found to be impacted more by lower temperatures. A growing correlation between the number of faults on power and railway systems was also found for both rainfall and temperature, indicating the value in coordinating preparation and planning efforts. For infrastructure operators and owners, regional resilience forums and other decision makers, this study provides an approach to assess the regional impact of extreme weather across multiple infrastructure sectors. The results give useful insights to inform the allocation of resources in response to extreme weather events.","PeriodicalId":54573,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140201126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent years, the increased attention in distributed ledger technologies (DLTs) has sparked interest in their potential applications across various industries. This paper delves into the realm of the construction industry and explores the advancements made in semantic blockchain technology and its potential implications for smart construction practices. The primary research objective is to review the suitability of semantic blockchain approaches in specific usage domains within the construction sector. These domains include contracting with stakeholders, financial contracting, design and monitoring. To achieve this objective, the study investigates the integration of digital identity, access-control management, reputation management, trust computing and semantic blockchain approaches into construction processes. Through this analysis, the paper identifies the potential benefits in terms of enhanced efficiency, improved collaboration, heightened security and more informed decision making. Ultimately, these advancements are poised to create positive outcomes for all stakeholders involved in the construction process.
{"title":"Potential use of semantic blockchain technology in smart construction","authors":"Pouriya Miri, Petar Kochovski, Vlado Stankovski","doi":"10.1680/jcien.23.00090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jcien.23.00090","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the increased attention in distributed ledger technologies (DLTs) has sparked interest in their potential applications across various industries. This paper delves into the realm of the construction industry and explores the advancements made in semantic blockchain technology and its potential implications for smart construction practices. The primary research objective is to review the suitability of semantic blockchain approaches in specific usage domains within the construction sector. These domains include contracting with stakeholders, financial contracting, design and monitoring. To achieve this objective, the study investigates the integration of digital identity, access-control management, reputation management, trust computing and semantic blockchain approaches into construction processes. Through this analysis, the paper identifies the potential benefits in terms of enhanced efficiency, improved collaboration, heightened security and more informed decision making. Ultimately, these advancements are poised to create positive outcomes for all stakeholders involved in the construction process.","PeriodicalId":54573,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140313916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xianli Ding, Zhongan Zhang, Xinxian Wang, Ran Wang, Rongji Huang, Weigang Zhao, Song Gao, Kaize Xie, Shupeng Wang
Partially assembled structures were used replace earth-retaining struts during construction of a prefabricated subway station on the Shenzhen Metro in China. A three-dimensional numerical model was developed to investigate the interaction between the Pingxi Station structure and the earth-retaining system for different assembly sequences. The results showed that the prefabricated structure performed satisfactorily during construction, and the sequence of assembly had a significant influence on the distribution of internal forces and stresses, especially in the substructure. The analytical approach applied here can be extended to assess other prefabricated underground structures.
{"title":"Three-dimensional analysis of a prefabricated subway station during construction","authors":"Xianli Ding, Zhongan Zhang, Xinxian Wang, Ran Wang, Rongji Huang, Weigang Zhao, Song Gao, Kaize Xie, Shupeng Wang","doi":"10.1680/jcien.23.00074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jcien.23.00074","url":null,"abstract":"Partially assembled structures were used replace earth-retaining struts during construction of a prefabricated subway station on the Shenzhen Metro in China. A three-dimensional numerical model was developed to investigate the interaction between the Pingxi Station structure and the earth-retaining system for different assembly sequences. The results showed that the prefabricated structure performed satisfactorily during construction, and the sequence of assembly had a significant influence on the distribution of internal forces and stresses, especially in the substructure. The analytical approach applied here can be extended to assess other prefabricated underground structures.","PeriodicalId":54573,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139030287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Steel-plate-reinforced concrete composite walls are now widely used in tall buildings in China, particularly in earthquake zones. This paper presents the features and mechanisms of steel-plate-reinforced concrete walls together with a summary of experimental and finite-element investigations. The results indicate that seismic performance is considerably enhanced by the steel plates, which effectively improves shear resistance and prevents deterioration of concrete in compression compared to conventional reinforced concrete walls. This paper aims to provide a useful design reference for future application of steel-plate-reinforced concrete walls.
{"title":"Performance of steel-plate-reinforced concrete composite walls in tall structures","authors":"Bin Wang, Peng Chen, Huanjun Jiang, Jingjing Wang","doi":"10.1680/jcien.23.00167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jcien.23.00167","url":null,"abstract":"Steel-plate-reinforced concrete composite walls are now widely used in tall buildings in China, particularly in earthquake zones. This paper presents the features and mechanisms of steel-plate-reinforced concrete walls together with a summary of experimental and finite-element investigations. The results indicate that seismic performance is considerably enhanced by the steel plates, which effectively improves shear resistance and prevents deterioration of concrete in compression compared to conventional reinforced concrete walls. This paper aims to provide a useful design reference for future application of steel-plate-reinforced concrete walls.","PeriodicalId":54573,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138508564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Middle East has made steps toward sustainable development, but there is a pressing need for a cohesive strategy for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The guidance proposed in this paper draws inspiration from global best practice, particularly the UK’s PAS 2080 on carbon dioxide management in infrastructure, the new option X29 on climate change in NEC4 contracts and the latest advances in building information technology. The guidance provides a comprehensive framework for reducing emissions from the Middle East’s construction industry, integrating carbon dioxide management processes at all stages of a project’s life cycle.
{"title":"Proposed guidance for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in Middle Eastern construction","authors":"Mohamed Mahmoud, Mohamed Al Deab, Andy Veall","doi":"10.1680/jcien.23.00155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jcien.23.00155","url":null,"abstract":"The Middle East has made steps toward sustainable development, but there is a pressing need for a cohesive strategy for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The guidance proposed in this paper draws inspiration from global best practice, particularly the UK’s PAS 2080 on carbon dioxide management in infrastructure, the new option X29 on climate change in NEC4 contracts and the latest advances in building information technology. The guidance provides a comprehensive framework for reducing emissions from the Middle East’s construction industry, integrating carbon dioxide management processes at all stages of a project’s life cycle.","PeriodicalId":54573,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138508587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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