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HS2: delivering a climate change adapted and resilient railway HS2:建设适应气候变化、具有抗灾能力的铁路
IF 0.8 4区 工程技术 Q4 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2024-03-27 DOI: 10.1680/jcien.23.00130
Alison Walker, Rachel Allison
The impacts of climate change are already evident. Like all infrastructure, High Speed 2 Ltd (HS2) needs to be climate resilient so it can function in a future where there will be warmer and wetter winters, hotter and drier summers, and more extreme weather. Without resilience measures, climate change could affect HS2 through increased construction programme, network performance impacts and service delays with associated costs, as well as affecting staff and passengers. HS2 policy is to build a “climate-resilient railway”, taking part in the collective endeavour to combat climate change by setting ambitious carbon reduction targets for HS2’s overall operations to be net zero from 2035 and embedding adaptation measures to increase resilience to climate change. HS2 is one of the first projects to take a holistic approach to incorporating climate change into planning, design and construction. Learning from HS2’s approach is set out in this report. The key outputs of this report are how climate resilience thinking has been embedded into all project stages; how bespoke and innovative processes have fed into industry leading best practice, reporting and guidance; as well as describing climate-resilient design solutions. It is vital to integrate climate resilience and adaptation into infrastructure projects now to ensure infrastructure is prepared for our changing climate.
气候变化的影响已经显而易见。与所有基础设施一样,高速铁路 2 号有限公司(HS2)也需要具备抵御气候变化的能力,以便在未来出现更温暖潮湿的冬季、更炎热干燥的夏季和更极端的天气时仍能正常运行。如果不采取适应性措施,气候变化可能会影响 HS2,包括增加施工计划、影响网络性能、延误服务并产生相关费用,以及影响员工和乘客。HS2的政策是建设一条 "抵御气候变化的铁路",通过制定雄心勃勃的碳减排目标,使HS2的整体运营从2035年起实现净零碳排放,并采取适应措施提高抵御气候变化的能力,从而参与应对气候变化的集体努力。HS2 是首批采用整体方法将气候变化纳入规划、设计和施工的项目之一。本报告介绍了从 HS2 的方法中汲取的经验。本报告的主要成果包括:如何将气候适应性思维融入所有项目阶段;如何将定制和创新流程纳入行业领先的最佳实践、报告和指南;以及如何描述气候适应性设计解决方案。现在就将气候复原力和适应性纳入基础设施项目,以确保基础设施为我们不断变化的气候做好准备,这一点至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Infrastructure resilience under a changing climate: the urgent need for engineers to act 气候变化下的基础设施复原力:工程师迫切需要采取行动
IF 0.8 4区 工程技术 Q4 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2024-03-13 DOI: 10.1680/jcien.24.00010
John Dora, Emma Jayne Sakamoto Ferranti
Extreme weather events are increasing in frequency and intensity, as are associated hazards such as floods, wildfires and overheating. Long-term sea level rise could have devastating impacts on coastal communities. In the last 20 years there has been steady progress in embedding climate adaptation within engineering practice, but the climate is changing more rapidly than the engineering sector is responding. This short piece outlines the challenges and progress in adapting to climate change, and the tools available for engineers to act, now, to enable infrastructure resilience within our rapidly changing climate. Engineers can use sector guidance and international (ISO) and British standards to plan, design, refurbish, maintain and operate infrastructure under a changing climate. There are tools to build organisational capacity, so that key decision makers are aware of the need to address climate change and have the leadership to access expertise and implement change. The ICE and fellow engineering institutions must promote climate awareness and capacity building both for students in higher education and at a strategic level within their membership.
极端天气事件越来越频繁,强度也越来越大,洪水、野火和过热等相关灾害也是如此。长期的海平面上升可能会对沿海社区造成破坏性影响。在过去 20 年中,将气候适应纳入工程实践的工作取得了稳步进展,但气候的变化速度超过了工程部门的响应速度。这篇短文概述了在适应气候变化方面所面临的挑战和取得的进展,以及工程师们现在可以采用的工具,以便在快速变化的气候条件下提高基础设施的抗灾能力。工程师可以利用行业指南、国际标准化组织(ISO)和英国标准,在不断变化的气候条件下规划、设计、翻新、维护和运营基础设施。有一些工具可以培养组织能力,使主要决策者意识到应对气候变化的必要性,并有领导能力获取专业知识和实施变革。国际工程师学会和其他工程机构必须在高等教育学生中以及在其成员的战略层面上促进气候意识和能力建设。
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引用次数: 0
Briefing: Tried-and-tested guidance for helping governments deliver the infrastructure people need 简报:帮助政府提供人们所需的基础设施的行之有效的指南
IF 0.8 4区 工程技术 Q4 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2024-03-04 DOI: 10.1680/jcien.24.00901
Kerry Bobbins
The ICE-led Enabling Better Infrastructure (EBI) programme published updated guidance to help governments identify and deliver on their infrastructure needs, ensuring people can live safe, healthy, and productive lives. Head of Enabling Better Infrastructure, Dr Kerry Bobbins, reports.
由 ICE 领导的 "促进更好的基础设施"(EBI)计划发布了最新指南,以帮助各国政府确定并满足其基础设施需求,确保人们能够过上安全、健康和富有成效的生活。促进更好的基础设施计划负责人凯瑞-博宾斯(Kerry Bobbins)博士报告说。
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引用次数: 0
Briefing: The future of goods movement: envisioning net zero logistics 简报:货物运输的未来:净零物流设想
IF 0.8 4区 工程技术 Q4 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2024-03-04 DOI: 10.1680/jcien.24.00902
John Fagan, Darren Briggs
In recent years, we have seen stark disruptions to global freight and logistics systems, from the Covid-19 pandemic to geopolitical conflict, shipping lanes being blocked by sideways ships, and natural disasters causing devastation in communities across the globe. On top of these challenges, the industry is grappling with the global transition to net zero emissions. It is clear that a fundamental shift in freight and goods movement is underway. What is not clear is what this will look like in practice. How can we, as engineers, make the infrastructure changes necessary to support this net zero transformation?
近年来,我们目睹了全球货运和物流系统遭受的严重破坏,从科维德-19 大流行病到地缘政治冲突、航道被侧翻的船只堵塞,以及自然灾害给全球各地社区造成的破坏。除了这些挑战之外,该行业还在努力应对全球向净零排放的过渡。显然,货运和货物运输正在发生根本性转变。目前尚不清楚的是,这种转变在实践中会是什么样子。作为工程师,我们该如何进行必要的基础设施变革,以支持这种净零排放转型?
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引用次数: 0
Briefing: Groundwater flooding – a hidden hazard 简报:地下水泛滥--隐患
IF 0.8 4区 工程技术 Q4 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2024-03-04 DOI: 10.1680/jcien.24.00905
Geoff Parkin
Groundwater flood forecasting and management has not yet been fully integrated with other types of flooding. Better recognition is needed of the role of groundwater and its interactions with infrastructure as part of holistic hydrological and engineering multi-source flood management.
地下水洪水预报和管理尚未与其他类型的洪水充分结合起来。需要更好地认识地下水的作用及其与基础设施的相互作用,将其作为整体水文和工程多源洪水管理的一部分。
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引用次数: 0
Weather-related fragility modelling of critical infrastructure: a power and railway case study 关键基础设施与天气有关的脆弱性建模:电力和铁路案例研究
IF 0.8 4区 工程技术 Q4 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2024-02-12 DOI: 10.1680/jcien.23.00115
Zixuan Jia, Daniel L Donaldson, Emma Ferranti
Climate change has led to more frequent and severe extreme weather events, which impact critical infrastructure networks such as railway and power systems. Although infrastructure networks are interdependent, the analysis to understand the impact of weather events on infrastructure systems is usually performed in sector-specific silos. A methodology to examine how the same weather events affect different infrastructure sectors is presented, in order to understand cross-sectoral impact of extreme weather for interconnected regional infrastructure. Fragility modelling was used to examine the impact of temperature and rainfall on power and rail system failures using the West Midlands (in the UK) as a case study. The results demonstrated that the impact of temperature was broadly consistent across both infrastructure networks, showing less impact until specific upper and lower thresholds are passed; these thresholds were found to be similar for the different infrastructure networks evaluated, but railway infrastructure was found to be impacted more by lower temperatures. A growing correlation between the number of faults on power and railway systems was also found for both rainfall and temperature, indicating the value in coordinating preparation and planning efforts. For infrastructure operators and owners, regional resilience forums and other decision makers, this study provides an approach to assess the regional impact of extreme weather across multiple infrastructure sectors. The results give useful insights to inform the allocation of resources in response to extreme weather events.
气候变化导致极端天气事件更加频繁和严重,对铁路和电力系统等关键基础设施网络造成影响。虽然基础设施网络是相互依存的,但为了解天气事件对基础设施系统的影响而进行的分析通常是在特定部门的孤岛上进行的。为了了解极端天气对相互连接的区域基础设施的跨部门影响,本文介绍了一种研究相同天气事件如何影响不同基础设施部门的方法。以英国西米德兰兹郡为案例,使用脆弱性建模来研究温度和降雨对电力和铁路系统故障的影响。结果表明,气温对两个基础设施网络的影响大致相同,在超过特定的上限和下限阈值之前,气温的影响较小;这些阈值对于所评估的不同基础设施网络是相似的,但铁路基础设施受较低气温的影响更大。在降雨和温度方面,电力和铁路系统故障数量之间的相关性也越来越大,这表明了协调准备和规划工作的价值。对于基础设施运营商和所有者、地区抗灾能力论坛和其他决策者来说,这项研究提供了一种评估极端天气对多个基础设施部门的地区影响的方法。研究结果为应对极端天气事件的资源分配提供了有益的启示。
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引用次数: 0
Potential use of semantic blockchain technology in smart construction 语义区块链技术在智能建筑中的潜在应用
IF 0.8 4区 工程技术 Q4 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2024-02-09 DOI: 10.1680/jcien.23.00090
Pouriya Miri, Petar Kochovski, Vlado Stankovski
In recent years, the increased attention in distributed ledger technologies (DLTs) has sparked interest in their potential applications across various industries. This paper delves into the realm of the construction industry and explores the advancements made in semantic blockchain technology and its potential implications for smart construction practices. The primary research objective is to review the suitability of semantic blockchain approaches in specific usage domains within the construction sector. These domains include contracting with stakeholders, financial contracting, design and monitoring. To achieve this objective, the study investigates the integration of digital identity, access-control management, reputation management, trust computing and semantic blockchain approaches into construction processes. Through this analysis, the paper identifies the potential benefits in terms of enhanced efficiency, improved collaboration, heightened security and more informed decision making. Ultimately, these advancements are poised to create positive outcomes for all stakeholders involved in the construction process.
近年来,分布式账本技术(DLT)受到越来越多的关注,引发了各行各业对其潜在应用的兴趣。本文深入建筑行业领域,探讨语义区块链技术的进步及其对智能建筑实践的潜在影响。主要研究目标是审查语义区块链方法在建筑行业特定使用领域的适用性。这些领域包括与利益相关者签订合同、财务合同、设计和监控。为实现这一目标,本研究调查了将数字身份、访问控制管理、声誉管理、信任计算和语义区块链方法整合到建筑流程中的情况。通过分析,本文确定了在提高效率、改善协作、增强安全性和做出更明智决策方面的潜在优势。最终,这些进步将为参与建筑流程的所有利益相关者创造积极的成果。
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引用次数: 0
Three-dimensional analysis of a prefabricated subway station during construction 预制地铁站施工过程中的三维分析
IF 0.8 4区 工程技术 Q4 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2023-12-19 DOI: 10.1680/jcien.23.00074
Xianli Ding, Zhongan Zhang, Xinxian Wang, Ran Wang, Rongji Huang, Weigang Zhao, Song Gao, Kaize Xie, Shupeng Wang
Partially assembled structures were used replace earth-retaining struts during construction of a prefabricated subway station on the Shenzhen Metro in China. A three-dimensional numerical model was developed to investigate the interaction between the Pingxi Station structure and the earth-retaining system for different assembly sequences. The results showed that the prefabricated structure performed satisfactorily during construction, and the sequence of assembly had a significant influence on the distribution of internal forces and stresses, especially in the substructure. The analytical approach applied here can be extended to assess other prefabricated underground structures.
在中国深圳地铁预制地铁站的施工过程中,使用了部分组装结构来替代挡土支撑。建立了一个三维数值模型,以研究平溪站结构与不同组装顺序的挡土系统之间的相互作用。结果表明,预制结构在施工过程中表现令人满意,组装顺序对内力和应力的分布,尤其是下部结构的内力和应力的分布有很大影响。本文采用的分析方法可扩展用于评估其他预制地下结构。
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引用次数: 0
Performance of steel-plate-reinforced concrete composite walls in tall structures 高层结构中钢板-钢筋混凝土组合墙的性能研究
IF 0.8 4区 工程技术 Q4 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2023-11-28 DOI: 10.1680/jcien.23.00167
Bin Wang, Peng Chen, Huanjun Jiang, Jingjing Wang
Steel-plate-reinforced concrete composite walls are now widely used in tall buildings in China, particularly in earthquake zones. This paper presents the features and mechanisms of steel-plate-reinforced concrete walls together with a summary of experimental and finite-element investigations. The results indicate that seismic performance is considerably enhanced by the steel plates, which effectively improves shear resistance and prevents deterioration of concrete in compression compared to conventional reinforced concrete walls. This paper aims to provide a useful design reference for future application of steel-plate-reinforced concrete walls.
钢板-钢筋混凝土复合墙目前在中国的高层建筑中得到广泛应用,特别是在地震地带。本文介绍了钢板钢筋混凝土墙体的特点和机理,并对试验和有限元研究进行了总结。结果表明,与传统的钢筋混凝土墙体相比,钢板的抗震性能得到了显著提高,有效地提高了混凝土的抗剪能力,防止了混凝土的受压劣化。本文旨在为今后钢板钢筋混凝土墙体的应用提供有益的设计参考。
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引用次数: 0
Proposed guidance for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in Middle Eastern construction 提出减少中东建筑温室气体排放的指导意见
IF 0.8 4区 工程技术 Q4 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2023-11-20 DOI: 10.1680/jcien.23.00155
Mohamed Mahmoud, Mohamed Al Deab, Andy Veall
The Middle East has made steps toward sustainable development, but there is a pressing need for a cohesive strategy for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The guidance proposed in this paper draws inspiration from global best practice, particularly the UK’s PAS 2080 on carbon dioxide management in infrastructure, the new option X29 on climate change in NEC4 contracts and the latest advances in building information technology. The guidance provides a comprehensive framework for reducing emissions from the Middle East’s construction industry, integrating carbon dioxide management processes at all stages of a project’s life cycle.
中东已经朝着可持续发展迈出了步伐,但迫切需要一个有凝聚力的减少温室气体排放的战略。本文提出的指南从全球最佳实践中汲取灵感,特别是英国关于基础设施二氧化碳管理的PAS 2080, NEC4合同中关于气候变化的新选项X29以及建筑信息技术的最新进展。该指南为减少中东建筑业的排放提供了一个全面的框架,整合了项目生命周期所有阶段的二氧化碳管理流程。
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引用次数: 0
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Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Civil Engineering
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