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Tracking aquatic non-native macroinvertebrate species in Germany using long-term data 利用长期数据追踪德国水生非本地大型无脊椎动物物种
IF 6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-024-00986-7
Phillip J. Haubrock, Irmak Kurtul, Antonín Kouba

Biological invasions pose a global challenge, threatening both biodiversity and human well-being. Projections suggest that as invasions increase, the financial costs associated with management and the ecological harm they cause will also escalate. Here, we examined whether long-term biomonitoring strategies were adequate to identify and track benthic aquatic non-native macroinvertebrate species by using the German subset (151 time series; 129 of which reported non-native species) of the currently most comprehensive European long-term dataset of 1816 macroinvertebrate community time series from 22 European countries. The detection of aquatic non-native species was directly linked to the availability of long-term sites and thus, monitoring effort, having identified the spatio-temporal occurrence of 32 non-native species. The available long-term monitoring site data were mostly concentrated in the western part of Germany, predominantly covering the Rhine River and its tributaries. The spatially biased network of long-term monitoring sites, therefore, naturally skews the detection and reporting of aquatic non-native species toward this area and underestimates Eastern and Southern regions, impeding the comprehension of invasion dynamics. However, based on the available data, we found that the absolute number of non-native species increased and the proportion of non-native species relative to native species decreased over time. This indicates complex ecological interactions between native and non-native species and underlines the value of long-term data for investigating invasion dynamics. Considering the value of comprehensive monitoring networks, a spatially biased network delays the application of management and mitigation plans, possibly worsening the ecological and economic effects of biological invasions in Germany. The results provided here indicate the disadvantages of biased datasets, but simultaneously underline the enormous potential of a dense network of long-term monitoring. Our results also highlight the urgent need to increase and diversify long-term biomonitoring efforts throughout Germany to cover the main freshwater resources and their connections where the introduction risk of non-native species is the highest. Centrally collating such data would provide a profound basis for the monitoring of spreading aquatic non-native species and could serve the implementation of national biosecurity efforts.

生物入侵是一项全球性挑战,威胁着生物多样性和人类福祉。据预测,随着入侵的增加,与管理相关的经济成本及其造成的生态危害也将不断攀升。在此,我们利用目前最全面的欧洲长期数据集(来自 22 个欧洲国家的 1816 个大型无脊椎动物群落时间序列)中的德国子集(151 个时间序列;其中 129 个报告了非本地物种),研究了长期生物监测策略是否足以识别和跟踪底栖水生非本地大型无脊椎动物物种。水生非本地物种的发现与是否有长期监测点直接相关,因此也与监测工作有关,已确定了 32 个非本地物种的时空出现情况。现有的长期监测点数据主要集中在德国西部,主要覆盖莱茵河及其支流。因此,有空间偏差的长期监测点网络自然会使水生非本地物种的检测和报告偏向于这一地区,而低估了东部和南部地区,从而阻碍了对入侵动态的理解。不过,根据现有数据,我们发现随着时间的推移,非本地物种的绝对数量在增加,而非本地物种相对于本地物种的比例在下降。这表明本地物种与非本地物种之间存在复杂的生态互动关系,也凸显了长期数据对研究入侵动态的价值。考虑到综合监测网络的价值,有空间偏差的网络会延误管理和缓解计划的实施,可能会恶化德国生物入侵的生态和经济影响。本文提供的结果表明了有偏差的数据集的缺点,但同时也强调了密集的长期监测网络的巨大潜力。我们的研究结果还突出表明,迫切需要在德国各地增加长期生物监测工作并使其多样化,以覆盖非本地物种引入风险最高的主要淡水资源及其连接点。集中整理这些数据将为监测水生非本地物种的扩散提供深厚的基础,并有助于实施国家生物安全工作。
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引用次数: 0
Persistent post-flood hillslope activity posing a potential landslide dam hazard in the Ahr valley, Germany 德国阿赫河谷洪水后山坡的持续活动构成潜在的滑坡坝危险
IF 6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-09 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-024-00985-8
Till Wenzel, Rainer Bell, Michael Dietze, Lothar Schrott

Background

Extreme floods are known to severely reorganise inhabited landscapes by inundation, clogging, scouring and damaging infrastructure and lives. However, their post-event impacts are poorly understood, especially concerning coupled hillslope channel feedbacks such as the reactivation of slope instabilities connected to the river and that may be able to block it upon sudden failure. The July 2021 Ahr valley flood exemplified this ability of concurrent and sustained landscape reorganisation. Here, we study a retrogressive slope instability near the town of Müsch, in the upper Ahr valley using field mapping, repeat airborne laser scanning, electrical resistivity tomography and passive seismic monitoring to reveal the failure geometry, its mechanisms and transient activity.

Results

The old landslide developed in lower Devonian rocks. It is 100 m wide, 200 m long and approximately 15–20 m deep, which leads to a total volume of about 430,000 m3. This landslide was severely undercut by the 2021 flood with 7000 m3 of material eroded at the landslide toe. The landslide has started to react. Given the narrow section of the river at this location, there is a potential landslide dam hazard. We modelled the inundation volumes and back fill times for different failure scenarios, ranging between 20,000 m3 and 330,000 m3 accumulating within 5 min and 20 h.

Conclusions

Our results imply a need to systematically screen flood impacted landscapes for sustained post-event hillslope activity that governs hillslope-channel coupling, driving both persistent sediment injection into the stream and sudden river blocking and subsequent damming.

背景众所周知,特大洪水会淹没、堵塞、冲刷并破坏基础设施和生命,从而严重破坏居住区的景观。然而,人们对洪水过后的影响却知之甚少,尤其是山坡河道的耦合反馈作用,如与河流相连的斜坡不稳定性的重新激活,可能会在突然溃决时阻断河流。2021 年 7 月的阿赫河谷洪水就体现了这种并发和持续的地貌重组能力。在此,我们利用实地测绘、重复机载激光扫描、电阻率层析成像和被动地震监测技术,对阿赫尔河谷上游穆什镇附近的逆行斜坡不稳定性进行了研究,以揭示崩塌的几何形状、机理和瞬态活动。它宽 100 米,长 200 米,深约 15-20 米,总体积约为 43 万立方米。该滑坡在 2021 年的洪水中被严重冲毁,滑坡脚处有 7000 立方米的物质被侵蚀。滑坡已开始发生反应。由于该处河段狭窄,存在潜在的滑坡坝危险。我们模拟了不同溃决情况下的淹没量和回填时间,在 5 分钟和 20 小时内累积的淹没量和回填时间介于 20,000 立方米和 330,000 立方米之间。结论我们的研究结果表明,有必要对受洪水影响的地貌进行系统筛选,以确定洪水过后山坡的持续活动,这种活动会影响山坡与河道的耦合,导致泥沙持续注入河道,以及河道突然阻塞并随后筑坝。
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引用次数: 0
Limited role of fungal diversity in maintaining soil processes in grassland soil under concurrent fungicide stress 真菌多样性在同时受到杀真菌剂胁迫的草地土壤中维持土壤过程的作用有限
IF 6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-024-00983-w
Jeane A. dela Cruz, Tessa Camenzind, Baile Xu, Matthias C. Rillig

Background

Fungicides are an effective tool for protecting crops and maintaining a steady food supply. However, as pathogens continue to evolve, it is crucial to prolong the effectiveness of fungicides by delaying resistance development. A key strategy to achieving this is to combine or rotate fungicides with different modes of action. As fungicides lack specificity, they inevitably affect both pathogenic and non-pathogenic fungi when surrounding environments are unintentionally contaminated. Our study aims to investigate the effects of recommended application methods to prevent resistance development, specifically repeated-single fungicide, simultaneous mixture, and sequential applications on non-target soil fungi, and the subsequent impacts on important soil processes. We used fungicides with different modes of action on soil microcosms inoculated with fungi at varying levels of diversity (3, 5, and 8 species) isolated from a protected grassland.

Results

We found that repeated treatments of individual isopyrazam and prothioconazole differentially inhibited fungal activity. Although mixture applications are considered more protectant against crop pathogen resistance than repeated application, our study revealed stronger negative effects of simultaneous application on saprobic fungi and consequently on soil processes. However, contrary to expectations, higher fungal diversity did not translate to improved soil function under these conditions.

Conclusions

The simultaneous application of fungicides with different modes of action (MoA) has more pronounced non-target effects on soil compared to the individual or sequential application of fungicides. These non-target effects extend beyond the intended control of pathogenic fungi, impacting saprobic and beneficial soil microbes and the critical processes they drive. When fungicides are applied concurrently, microbial activities in the soil are significantly altered, even in soils with high microbial diversity. Our study emphasizes the importance of carefully considering the unintended consequences of fungicide use in agriculture. As we strive for a secure food supply, it is crucial to investigate the broader environmental impacts of these chemical interventions, including their effects on non-pathogenic fungi and overall soil health.

背景杀菌剂是保护农作物和维持稳定粮食供应的有效工具。然而,随着病原体的不断演变,通过延缓抗药性的产生来延长杀菌剂的效力至关重要。实现这一目标的关键策略是结合或轮换使用具有不同作用模式的杀菌剂。由于杀菌剂缺乏特异性,当周围环境受到无意污染时,它们不可避免地会影响病原真菌和非病原真菌。我们的研究旨在调查为防止抗药性产生而推荐的施用方法,特别是重复施用单一杀菌剂、同时混合施用和连续施用对非目标土壤真菌的影响,以及随后对重要土壤过程的影响。我们使用了不同作用模式的杀真菌剂,对接种了从受保护草地分离出来的不同多样性真菌(3、5 和 8 种)的土壤微生态系统进行了研究。结果我们发现,重复施用单独的异菌脲和丙硫菌唑对真菌活动的抑制作用不同。虽然混合施用比重复施用更能防止作物产生病原体抗药性,但我们的研究表明,同时施用对吸水真菌的负面影响更大,因此对土壤过程的负面影响也更大。结论与单独或连续施用杀菌剂相比,同时施用具有不同作用模式(MoA)的杀菌剂对土壤的非目标影响更为明显。这些非目标效应超出了对病原真菌的预期控制,影响到土壤中的无菌和有益微生物及其驱动的关键过程。同时施用杀真菌剂时,土壤中的微生物活动会发生显著变化,即使在微生物多样性较高的土壤中也是如此。我们的研究强调了仔细考虑农业中使用杀菌剂的意外后果的重要性。在我们努力确保粮食供应的同时,研究这些化学干预措施对环境的广泛影响,包括对非病原真菌和整体土壤健康的影响,也是至关重要的。
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引用次数: 0
Enhancing climate action in OECD countries: the role of environmental policy stringency for energy transitioning to a sustainable environment 加强经合组织国家的气候行动:严格环境政策对能源向可持续环境过渡的作用
IF 6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-024-00978-7
Nudrat Fatima, Hu Xuhua, Hind Alnafisah, Saher Zeast, Muhammad Rehan Akhtar

Climate change affects the world economy, environment, and human well-being, jeopardizing overall sustainability. The escalating impacts of climate change emphasize the necessity to assess the moderating influence of environmental policy stringency (EPS) on the association of energy transition (ET) and GHG emissions from 1990 to 2020 across 36 OECD countries. Further, this study incorporates the direct impact of energy transition (ET), environmental-related technology (ERTs), green innovation (INV), and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) on GHG emission. For this purpose, study employs an extensive range of econometric techniques, including DOLS, FMOLS, CCR, and MMQR approaches to evaluate data attributes. The findings of MMQR demonstrate that interaction of ET*EPS contributes to lower GHG emissions from −0.271% to −0.300% across all quantiles (20th to 80th). This indicates that the implementation of environmental policies fosters adoption of energy transitions to mitigate the negative effects of climate change, particularly to reduce GHG emissions. Further, environmental-related technologies (ERTs) and green innovation (INV) decrease GHG emissions by 0.15%–0.13% and 0.967%–2.049%, respectively, across all quantiles, thus encouraging environmental sustainability. The heterogeneous effect of ERTs is due to varying levels of adoption of environmental technologies in sample countries. The findings highlight the crucial need for integrating environmental policy strictness and energy transition measures to effectively mitigate GHG emissions. It highlights the significance of adaptive, responsive policies that are in line with SDGs 7 & 13, which concentrate on sustainable energy practices and integrated climate action in OECD economies.

Graphical Abstract

气候变化影响着世界经济、环境和人类福祉,危及整体可持续性。气候变化的影响日益加剧,因此有必要评估环境政策严格性(EPS)对经合组织 36 个国家 1990 年至 2020 年能源转型(ET)与温室气体排放之间关系的调节作用。此外,本研究还纳入了能源转型(ET)、环境相关技术(ERTs)、绿色创新(INV)和国内生产总值(GDP)对温室气体排放的直接影响。为此,研究采用了广泛的计量经济学技术,包括 DOLS、FMOLS、CCR 和 MMQR 方法来评估数据属性。MMQR 的研究结果表明,ET*EPS 的交互作用有助于降低所有量级(第 20 到 80 量级)的温室气体排放量,降幅从 -0.271% 到 -0.300%。这表明,环境政策的实施促进了能源转型的采用,以减轻气候变化的负面影响,特别是减少温室气体排放。此外,环境相关技术(ERTs)和绿色创新(INV)在所有量级中分别减少了 0.15%-0.13% 和 0.967%-2.049% 的温室气体排放,从而促进了环境的可持续发展。由于样本国家采用环境技术的水平不同,环境技术的效果也不尽相同。研究结果凸显了将严格的环境政策与能源转型措施相结合以有效减少温室气体排放的关键必要性。它强调了与可持续发展目标 7 & 13 相符的适应性、响应性政策的重要性,可持续发展目标 7 & 13 重点关注经合组织经济体的可持续能源实践和综合气候行动。
{"title":"Enhancing climate action in OECD countries: the role of environmental policy stringency for energy transitioning to a sustainable environment","authors":"Nudrat Fatima,&nbsp;Hu Xuhua,&nbsp;Hind Alnafisah,&nbsp;Saher Zeast,&nbsp;Muhammad Rehan Akhtar","doi":"10.1186/s12302-024-00978-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12302-024-00978-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Climate change affects the world economy, environment, and human well-being, jeopardizing overall sustainability. The escalating impacts of climate change emphasize the necessity to assess the moderating influence of environmental policy stringency (EPS) on the association of energy transition (ET) and GHG emissions from 1990 to 2020 across 36 OECD countries. Further, this study incorporates the direct impact of energy transition (ET), environmental-related technology (ERTs), green innovation (INV), and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) on GHG emission. For this purpose, study employs an extensive range of econometric techniques, including DOLS, FMOLS, CCR, and MMQR approaches to evaluate data attributes. The findings of MMQR demonstrate that interaction of ET*EPS contributes to lower GHG emissions from −0.271% to −0.300% across all quantiles (20th to 80th). This indicates that the implementation of environmental policies fosters adoption of energy transitions to mitigate the negative effects of climate change, particularly to reduce GHG emissions. Further, environmental-related technologies (ERTs) and green innovation (INV) decrease GHG emissions by 0.15%–0.13% and 0.967%–2.049%, respectively, across all quantiles, thus encouraging environmental sustainability. The heterogeneous effect of ERTs is due to varying levels of adoption of environmental technologies in sample countries. The findings highlight the crucial need for integrating environmental policy strictness and energy transition measures to effectively mitigate GHG emissions. It highlights the significance of adaptive, responsive policies that are in line with SDGs 7 &amp; 13, which concentrate on sustainable energy practices and integrated climate action in OECD economies.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":546,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Europe","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12302-024-00978-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142220352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Application of bagging and boosting ensemble machine learning techniques for groundwater potential mapping in a drought-prone agriculture region of eastern India 在印度东部干旱易发农业区应用装袋和提升集合机器学习技术绘制地下水潜能图
IF 6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-02 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-024-00981-y
Krishnagopal Halder, Amit Kumar Srivastava, Anitabha Ghosh, Ranajit Nabik, Subrata Pan, Uday Chatterjee, Dipak Bisai, Subodh Chandra Pal, Wenzhi Zeng, Frank Ewert, Thomas Gaiser, Chaitanya Baliram Pande, Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul Islam, Edris Alam, Md Kamrul Islam

Groundwater is a primary source of drinking water for billions worldwide. It plays a crucial role in irrigation, domestic, and industrial uses, and significantly contributes to drought resilience in various regions. However, excessive groundwater discharge has left many areas vulnerable to potable water shortages. Therefore, assessing groundwater potential zones (GWPZ) is essential for implementing sustainable management practices to ensure the availability of groundwater for present and future generations. This study aims to delineate areas with high groundwater potential in the Bankura district of West Bengal using four machine learning methods: Random Forest (RF), Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and Voting Ensemble (VE). The models used 161 data points, comprising 70% of the training dataset, to identify significant correlations between the presence and absence of groundwater in the region. Among the methods, Random Forest (RF) and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) proved to be the most effective in mapping groundwater potential, suggesting their applicability in other regions with similar hydrogeological conditions. The performance metrics for RF are very good with a precision of 0.919, recall of 0.971, F1-score of 0.944, and accuracy of 0.943. This indicates a strong capability to accurately predict groundwater zones with minimal false positives and negatives. Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost) demonstrated comparable performance across all metrics (precision: 0.919, recall: 0.971, F1-score: 0.944, accuracy: 0.943), highlighting its effectiveness in predicting groundwater potential areas accurately; whereas, Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) outperformed the other models slightly, with higher values in all metrics: precision (0.944), recall (0.971), F1-score (0.958), and accuracy (0.957), suggesting a more refined model performance. The Voting Ensemble (VE) approach also showed enhanced performance, mirroring XGBoost's metrics (precision: 0.944, recall: 0.971, F1-score: 0.958, accuracy: 0.957). This indicates that combining the strengths of individual models leads to better predictions. The groundwater potentiality zoning across the Bankura district varied significantly, with areas of very low potentiality accounting for 41.81% and very high potentiality at 24.35%. The uncertainty in predictions ranged from 0.0 to 0.75 across the study area, reflecting the variability in groundwater availability and the need for targeted management strategies.

In summary, this study highlights the critical need for assessing and managing groundwater resources effectively using advanced machine learning techniques. The findings provide a foundation for better groundwater management practices, ensuring sustainable use and conservation in Bankura district and beyond.

地下水是全球数十亿人的主要饮用水源。它在灌溉、家庭和工业用水方面发挥着至关重要的作用,并极大地促进了不同地区的抗旱能力。然而,地下水的过度排放导致许多地区饮用水短缺。因此,评估地下水潜势区(GWPZ)对于实施可持续管理措施以确保今世后代的地下水供应至关重要。本研究旨在使用四种机器学习方法,在西孟加拉邦班库拉地区划定地下水潜力高的区域:随机森林 (RF)、自适应提升 (AdaBoost)、极端梯度提升 (XGBoost) 和投票集合 (VE)。这些模型使用了 161 个数据点(占训练数据集的 70%)来识别该地区地下水存在与否之间的显著相关性。在这些方法中,随机森林(RF)和极端梯度提升(XGBoost)被证明是绘制地下水潜势图最有效的方法,这表明它们适用于具有类似水文地质条件的其他地区。RF 的性能指标非常好,精确度为 0.919,召回率为 0.971,F1 分数为 0.944,准确度为 0.943。这表明 RF 具有很强的准确预测地下水区的能力,误报和漏报极少。自适应提升(AdaBoost)在所有指标上都表现出相当的性能(精确度:0.919,召回率:0.971,F1-分数:0.944,准确度:0.943),突出了其在预测地下水区方面的有效性。而极端梯度提升模型(XGBoost)在所有指标上的表现略优于其他模型,其精确度(0.944)、召回率(0.971)、F1-分数(0.958)和准确率(0.957)的数值都更高,这表明该模型的性能更加精细。投票合集(VE)方法也显示出更高的性能,与 XGBoost 的指标(精确度:0.944;召回率:0.971;F1-分数:0.958;准确率:0.957)如出一辙。这表明,结合单个模型的优势可以获得更好的预测结果。班库拉地区的地下水潜力分区差异很大,极低潜力区占 41.81%,极高潜力区占 24.35%。整个研究区域的预测不确定性从 0.0 到 0.75 不等,反映了地下水可用性的多变性和有针对性的管理策略的必要性。研究结果为更好的地下水管理实践奠定了基础,确保了班库拉地区及其他地区地下水的可持续利用和保护。
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引用次数: 0
The first spatio-temporal study of the microplastics and meso–macroplastics transport in the Romanian Danube 首次对罗马尼亚多瑙河的微塑料和中微塑料迁移进行时空研究
IF 6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-024-00969-8
Ionut Procop, Madalina Calmuc, Sebastian Pessenlehner, Cristina Trifu, Alina Cantaragiu Ceoromila, Valentina Andreea Calmuc, Catalin Fetecău, Catalina Iticescu, Viorica Musat, Marcel Liedermann

Background

Transport, accumulation, and degradation of microplastics (MiPs) in the aquatic environment represent a significant concern to the researchers and policy-makers, due to the detrimental impact on biota and human health through food ingestion. Although consistent investigations and research data are available worldwide, comparing the results is still challenging due to the need for more regulations regarding the sampling methods, analysis, and results reporting. The European regulatory efforts include studies on the MiPs transport in the western basin of the Danube River developed with active nets-based multipoint sampling methods from suspended sediments and proposed for standardization. In this context, the present study aimed to address for the first time the transport of MiPs in the Romanian sector of the Danube, starting after entering the country (Moldova Veche) and before the formation of the Danube Delta (Isaccea).

Results

The multipoint nets sampling procedure facilitated the collection of suspended sediments in the water columns as deep as 0.0–0.6 and 3.0–3.6 m depths and near riverbed sediments (autumn 2022 sampling) during an extensive spatio-temporal study from spring 2022 until spring 2023. The estimate of the maximum annual transport of 46–51 and 93–100 t·y−1 for MiPs and total (micro–meso–macroplastics) MPs at Moldova Veche was based on 135 collected and processed samples using 2021 water flow data. Polyethylene (58–69%) and polypropylene (21–33%) were the main polymer components in the separated fragments, foils, microfibers, and different colors spheroids of MiPs ( < 5 mm), and the foils and fibers of meso–macroplastics (5–100 mm). Advanced investigations highlighted various microstructural degradations of the plastic fragments at the micro- and nanoscale and attached minerals (clays) and heavy metals.

Conclusion

This paper presents the first comprehensive data set for microplastic annual transport in the "Low Danube", filling the need for a complete transport assessment in one of the most significant European rivers. 4–5 times lower values were measured before the entrance to the Danube Delta than those from Moldova Veche. The investigations should continue, including flooding events, and the sampling points should be expanded to deeper water column layers during all the campaigns for further validation.

Graphical Abstract

背景微塑料(MiPs)在水生环境中的迁移、积累和降解是研究人员和政策制定者非常关注的一个问题,因为微塑料会通过食物摄入对生物群和人类健康造成有害影响。尽管全世界都有一致的调查和研究数据,但由于在取样方法、分析和结果报告方面需要更多的规定,因此对结果进行比较仍然具有挑战性。欧洲的监管工作包括对多瑙河西部流域的 MiPs 迁移进行研究,研究采用了基于活动网的悬浮沉积物多点采样方法,并提出了标准化建议。在此背景下,本研究旨在首次研究多瑙河罗马尼亚段的 MiPs 迁移情况,即从进入该国(Moldova Veche)之后到多瑙河三角洲(Isaccea)形成之前的情况。结果在 2022 年春季至 2023 年春季的广泛时空研究期间,多点网采样程序有助于收集水柱深度为 0.0-0.6 米和 3.0-3.6 米的悬浮沉积物以及河床附近的沉积物(2022 年秋季采样)。利用 2021 年的水流数据,根据采集和处理的 135 个样本,估算出摩尔多瓦韦切河的中 微塑料和总(微-中-微塑料)多孔塑料年最大迁移量分别为 46-51 吨/年和 93-100 吨/年。聚乙烯(58-69%)和聚丙烯(21-33%)是中微塑料(< 5 毫米)的分离碎片、薄片、微纤维和不同颜色球体以及中微塑料(5-100 毫米)的薄片和纤维中的主要聚合物成分。高级研究强调了塑料碎片在微米和纳米尺度上的各种微结构降解,以及附着的矿物质(粘土)和重金属。在多瑙河三角洲入口前测得的数值比摩尔多瓦韦切河的数值低 4-5 倍。应继续开展调查,包括洪水事件,并在所有活动中将采样点扩大到更深的水柱层,以进一步验证结果。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of geographical parameters on PM10 pollution in European landscapes: a machine learning algorithm-based analysis 地理参数对欧洲景观中 PM10 污染的影响:基于机器学习算法的分析
IF 6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-024-00972-z
Seyedehmehrmanzar Sohrab, Nándor Csikós, Péter Szilassi

Background

PM10, comprising particles with diameters of 10 µm or less, has been identified as a significant environmental pollutant associated with adverse health outcomes in European cities. Understanding the temporal variation of the relationship between PM10 and geographical parameters is crucial for sustainable land use planning and air quality management in European landscapes. This study utilizes Conditional Inference Forest modeling and partial correlation to examine the impact of geographical factors on monthly average concentrations of PM10 in European suburban and urban landscapes during heating and cooling periods. The investigation focuses on two buffer zones (1000 m and 3000 m circle radiuses) surrounding 1216 European air quality monitoring stations.

Results

Results reveal importance and significant correlations between various geographical variables (soil texture, land use, transportation network, and meteorological) and PM10 quality on a continental scale. In suburban landscapes, soil texture, temperature, roads, and rail density play pivotal roles, while meteorological variables, particularly monthly average temperature and wind speed, dominate in urban landscapes. Urban sites exhibit higher R-squared values during both cooling (0.41) and heating periods (0.61) compared to suburban sites (cooling period R-squared: 0.39; heating period: R-squared: 0.51), indicating better predictive performance likely attributed to the less heterogeneous land use patterns surrounding urban PM10 monitoring sites.

Conclusion

The study underscores the importance of investigating spatial and temporal dynamics of geographical factors for accurate PM10 air quality prediction models in European urban and suburban landscapes. These findings provide valuable insights for policymakers, urban planners, and environmental scientists, guiding efforts toward sustainable and healthier urban environments.

背景可吸入颗粒物 PM10 由直径为 10 微米或更小的颗粒组成,已被确定为与欧洲城市的不良健康后果相关的重要环境污染物。了解 PM10 与地理参数之间关系的时间变化对于欧洲景观的可持续土地利用规划和空气质量管理至关重要。本研究利用条件推理森林建模和部分相关性研究了地理因素对欧洲郊区和城市景观在供暖和降温期间 PM10 月平均浓度的影响。结果显示,在欧洲大陆范围内,各种地理变量(土壤质地、土地利用、交通网络和气象)与 PM10 质量之间存在重要且显著的相关性。在郊区地貌中,土壤质地、温度、道路和铁路密度起着关键作用,而气象变量,尤其是月平均温度和风速,在城市地貌中占主导地位。与郊区相比,城市站点在降温期(0.41)和供暖期(0.61)均表现出更高的 R 平方值(降温期 R 平方值:0.39;供暖期:R 平方值:0.51),这表明城市 PM10 监测点周围的土地利用模式异质性较低,因此具有更好的预测性能。这些研究结果为政策制定者、城市规划者和环境科学家提供了有价值的见解,为实现可持续和更健康的城市环境提供了指导。
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引用次数: 0
Assessing in-field pesticide effects under European regulation and its implications for biodiversity: a workshop report 根据欧洲法规评估田间农药效应及其对生物多样性的影响:研讨会报告
IF 6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-024-00977-8
Magali Solé, Stephan Brendel, Annette Aldrich, Jens Dauber, Julie Ewald, Sabine Duquesne, Eckhard Gottschalk, Jörg Hoffmann, Mathias Kuemmerlen, Alastair Leake, Steffen Matezki, Stefan Meyer, Moritz Nabel, Tiago Natal-da-Luz, Silvia Pieper, Dario Piselli, Stanislas Rigal, Martina Roß-Nickoll, Andreas Schäffer, Josef Settele, Gabriel Sigmund, Nick Sotherton, Jörn Wogram, Dirk Messner

Background

Biodiversity loss is particularly pronounced in agroecosystems. Agricultural fields cover about one-third of the European Union and are crucial habitats for many species. At the same time, agricultural fields receive the highest pesticide input in European landscapes. Non-target species, including plants and arthropods, closely related to targeted pests, are directly affected by pesticides. Direct effects on these lower trophic levels cascade through the food web, resulting in indirect effects via the loss of food and habitat for subsequent trophic levels. The overarching goals of the European pesticide legislation require governments to sufficiently consider direct and indirect effects on plants and arthropods when authorising pesticides. This publication provides an overview of a workshop's findings in 2023 on whether the current pesticide risk assessment adequately addresses these requirements.

Results

Effects due to in-field exposure to pesticides are currently not assessed for plants and inadequately assessed for arthropods, resulting in an impairment of the food web support and biodiversity. Deficiencies lie within the risk assessment, as defined in the terrestrial guidance document from 2002. To overcome this problem, we introduce a two-step assessment method feasible for risk assessors, that is to determine (i) whether a pesticide product might have severe impacts on plants or arthropods and (ii) whether these effects extend to a broad taxonomic spectrum. When each step is fulfilled, it can be concluded that the in-field exposure of the pesticide use under assessment could lead to unacceptable direct effects on non-target species in-field and thus subsequent indirect effects on the food web. While our primary focus is to improve risk assessment methodologies, it is crucial to note that risk mitigation measures, such as conservation headlands, exist in cases where risks from in-field exposure have been identified.

Conclusions

We advocate that direct and indirect effects caused by in-field exposure to pesticides need to be adequately included in the risk assessment and risk management as soon as possible. To achieve this, we provide recommendations for the authorities including an evaluation method. Implementing this method would address a major deficiency in the current in-field pesticide risk assessment and ensure better protection of biodiversity.

背景生物多样性的丧失在农业生态系统中尤为明显。农田约占欧盟面积的三分之一,是许多物种的重要栖息地。同时,农田也是欧洲景观中农药投入量最高的地方。与目标害虫密切相关的非目标物种(包括植物和节肢动物)直接受到农药的影响。对这些较低营养级的直接影响会通过食物网产生连锁反应,导致后续营养级食物和栖息地的丧失,从而产生间接影响。欧洲农药立法的总体目标要求各国政府在授权使用农药时,充分考虑对植物和节肢动物的直接和间接影响。本出版物概述了 2023 年一次研讨会的结论,即目前的农药风险评估是否充分满足了这些要求。结果目前,田间接触农药对植物的影响没有得到评估,对节肢动物的影响评估不足,导致食物网支持和生物多样性受损。不足之处在于 2002 年陆地指导文件中规定的风险评估。为了解决这个问题,我们引入了一种对风险评估人员可行的两步评估方法,即确定(i)农药产品是否会对植物或节肢动物产生严重影响,以及(ii)这些影响是否会扩展到广泛的分类学范围。当每个步骤都完成后,就可以得出结论,评估中的农药田间暴露可能会对田间的非目标物种造成不可接受的直接影响,进而对食物网产生间接影响。虽然我们的主要重点是改进风险评估方法,但必须指出,在田间暴露风险已经确定的情况下,风险 缓解措施是存在的,比如保护岬角。为了实现这一目标,我们为有关部门提供了包括评估方法在内的建议。实施这一方法将解决目前田间农药风险评估中的一个主要缺陷,并确保更好地保护生物多样性。
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引用次数: 0
Correction: Chronic toxicity testing including transcriptomics‑based molecular profiling in Cloeon dipterum 更正:慢性毒性测试,包括基于转录组学的 Cloeon dipterum 分子图谱分析
IF 6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-21 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-024-00982-x
Kirsten Germing, Steve U. Ayobahan, Hannes Reinwald, Maria Vogt, Benedikt Ringbeck, Bernd Göckener, Elke Eilebrecht, Lena Kosak, Sebastian Eilebrecht
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引用次数: 0
Flood-induced buttertub spill reveals riverine macroplastic transport dynamics 洪水引发的黄油桶泄漏揭示了河流大型塑料的迁移动态
IF 6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-21 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-024-00962-1
Rahel Hauk, Martine van der Ploeg, Adriaan J. Teuling, Winnie de Winter, Tim H. M. van Emmerik

During the July 2021 European floods approximately eight million empty dairy packaging (buttertubs) were flushed from a dairy processing facility in Belgium into the Vesdre river. Some were transported further downstream, into the Ourthe river and eventually the Meuse river. There are many unknowns when it comes to plastic transport in rivers, especially in response to floods. We therefore used this incident as an unique opportunity to study these buttertubs as a tracer for plastic transport dynamics in a riverine environment in response to an extreme flood event. Normally, it is unknown when and where individual plastic items found on riverbanks entered the environment. In this case, however, the ID stamps on the buttertups allowed for them to be traced back to the flooding of the factory. We studied the transport and deposition of these buttertubs in the Dutch Meuse over 2 years following the flood. We also collected buttertubs at different points in time to investigate their fragmentation and mass loss. Within 3 weeks of the flood, the buttertubs were transported up to 328 km from the spilling location. Overall, the majority (78%) of buttertubs we found within the first 3 weeks were deposited within less than 100 km of the point of emission. Over the following 2 years, the mean transport distance of the found buttertubs moved downstream from 100 km in July/August 2021, to 153 km in July 2023. The buttertubs average transport velocity decreased from 11.7 km/d within the first 3 weeks, to 0.2 km/d by July 2023. Based on the 89 buttertubs we collected and analyzed in detail over the 2 years, we did not find a significant mass loss. Of all 89 buttertubs found, 47 showed cracks and only 12 appeared to have pieces missing. This study shows that even during extreme flood events, the majority of spilled plastic litter is retained within a limited distance after being emitted into the river. The findings of this study can be utilized to improve plastic transport modelling, and overall better understand plastic transport in the freshwater environment.

在 2021 年 7 月的欧洲洪水中,大约 800 万个空乳制品包装(黄油桶)从比利时的一家乳制品加工厂冲入维斯德勒河。其中一些被进一步输送到下游的乌尔特河,最终流入默兹河。关于塑料在河流中的迁移,尤其是在洪水中的迁移,还有很多未知数。因此,我们利用这次事件作为一个难得的机会,将这些黄油管作为一种示踪剂,研究特大洪水事件发生时塑料在河流环境中的迁移动态。通常情况下,人们不知道在河岸上发现的单个塑料制品是何时何地进入环境的。但在这种情况下,通过毛茛上的 ID 标记,可以追溯到工厂被洪水淹没的时间。我们研究了洪水过后两年内这些黄油杯在荷兰马斯河的运输和沉积情况。我们还收集了不同时间点的黄油块,以研究它们的破碎和质量损失情况。在洪水过后的 3 周内,黄油桶被运到了距离泄漏地点长达 328 公里的地方。总体而言,我们在最初 3 周内发现的大部分(78%)黄油桶都沉积在距离泄洪点不到 100 公里的地方。在随后的两年中,发现的黄油块的平均迁移距离从 2021 年 7/8 月的 100 千米向下游移动,到 2023 年 7 月达到 153 千米。黄油管的平均迁移速度从最初三周的 11.7 千米/天下降到 2023 年 7 月的 0.2 千米/天。根据我们在这两年中收集和详细分析的 89 个黄油管,我们没有发现明显的质量损失。在所有 89 个发现的黄油管中,有 47 个出现裂缝,只有 12 个似乎有碎片缺失。这项研究表明,即使在特大洪水事件中,大部分溢出的塑料垃圾在排入河流后也会被保留在有限的距离内。这项研究的结果可用于改进塑料迁移模型,并从整体上更好地了解淡水环境中的塑料迁移。
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引用次数: 0
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