首页 > 最新文献

Environmental Sciences Europe最新文献

英文 中文
Enhancing climate action in OECD countries: the role of environmental policy stringency for energy transitioning to a sustainable environment 加强经合组织国家的气候行动:严格环境政策对能源向可持续环境过渡的作用
IF 6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-024-00978-7
Nudrat Fatima, Hu Xuhua, Hind Alnafisah, Saher Zeast, Muhammad Rehan Akhtar

Climate change affects the world economy, environment, and human well-being, jeopardizing overall sustainability. The escalating impacts of climate change emphasize the necessity to assess the moderating influence of environmental policy stringency (EPS) on the association of energy transition (ET) and GHG emissions from 1990 to 2020 across 36 OECD countries. Further, this study incorporates the direct impact of energy transition (ET), environmental-related technology (ERTs), green innovation (INV), and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) on GHG emission. For this purpose, study employs an extensive range of econometric techniques, including DOLS, FMOLS, CCR, and MMQR approaches to evaluate data attributes. The findings of MMQR demonstrate that interaction of ET*EPS contributes to lower GHG emissions from −0.271% to −0.300% across all quantiles (20th to 80th). This indicates that the implementation of environmental policies fosters adoption of energy transitions to mitigate the negative effects of climate change, particularly to reduce GHG emissions. Further, environmental-related technologies (ERTs) and green innovation (INV) decrease GHG emissions by 0.15%–0.13% and 0.967%–2.049%, respectively, across all quantiles, thus encouraging environmental sustainability. The heterogeneous effect of ERTs is due to varying levels of adoption of environmental technologies in sample countries. The findings highlight the crucial need for integrating environmental policy strictness and energy transition measures to effectively mitigate GHG emissions. It highlights the significance of adaptive, responsive policies that are in line with SDGs 7 & 13, which concentrate on sustainable energy practices and integrated climate action in OECD economies.

Graphical Abstract

气候变化影响着世界经济、环境和人类福祉,危及整体可持续性。气候变化的影响日益加剧,因此有必要评估环境政策严格性(EPS)对经合组织 36 个国家 1990 年至 2020 年能源转型(ET)与温室气体排放之间关系的调节作用。此外,本研究还纳入了能源转型(ET)、环境相关技术(ERTs)、绿色创新(INV)和国内生产总值(GDP)对温室气体排放的直接影响。为此,研究采用了广泛的计量经济学技术,包括 DOLS、FMOLS、CCR 和 MMQR 方法来评估数据属性。MMQR 的研究结果表明,ET*EPS 的交互作用有助于降低所有量级(第 20 到 80 量级)的温室气体排放量,降幅从 -0.271% 到 -0.300%。这表明,环境政策的实施促进了能源转型的采用,以减轻气候变化的负面影响,特别是减少温室气体排放。此外,环境相关技术(ERTs)和绿色创新(INV)在所有量级中分别减少了 0.15%-0.13% 和 0.967%-2.049% 的温室气体排放,从而促进了环境的可持续发展。由于样本国家采用环境技术的水平不同,环境技术的效果也不尽相同。研究结果凸显了将严格的环境政策与能源转型措施相结合以有效减少温室气体排放的关键必要性。它强调了与可持续发展目标 7 & 13 相符的适应性、响应性政策的重要性,可持续发展目标 7 & 13 重点关注经合组织经济体的可持续能源实践和综合气候行动。
{"title":"Enhancing climate action in OECD countries: the role of environmental policy stringency for energy transitioning to a sustainable environment","authors":"Nudrat Fatima,&nbsp;Hu Xuhua,&nbsp;Hind Alnafisah,&nbsp;Saher Zeast,&nbsp;Muhammad Rehan Akhtar","doi":"10.1186/s12302-024-00978-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12302-024-00978-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Climate change affects the world economy, environment, and human well-being, jeopardizing overall sustainability. The escalating impacts of climate change emphasize the necessity to assess the moderating influence of environmental policy stringency (EPS) on the association of energy transition (ET) and GHG emissions from 1990 to 2020 across 36 OECD countries. Further, this study incorporates the direct impact of energy transition (ET), environmental-related technology (ERTs), green innovation (INV), and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) on GHG emission. For this purpose, study employs an extensive range of econometric techniques, including DOLS, FMOLS, CCR, and MMQR approaches to evaluate data attributes. The findings of MMQR demonstrate that interaction of ET*EPS contributes to lower GHG emissions from −0.271% to −0.300% across all quantiles (20th to 80th). This indicates that the implementation of environmental policies fosters adoption of energy transitions to mitigate the negative effects of climate change, particularly to reduce GHG emissions. Further, environmental-related technologies (ERTs) and green innovation (INV) decrease GHG emissions by 0.15%–0.13% and 0.967%–2.049%, respectively, across all quantiles, thus encouraging environmental sustainability. The heterogeneous effect of ERTs is due to varying levels of adoption of environmental technologies in sample countries. The findings highlight the crucial need for integrating environmental policy strictness and energy transition measures to effectively mitigate GHG emissions. It highlights the significance of adaptive, responsive policies that are in line with SDGs 7 &amp; 13, which concentrate on sustainable energy practices and integrated climate action in OECD economies.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":546,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Europe","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12302-024-00978-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142220352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Application of bagging and boosting ensemble machine learning techniques for groundwater potential mapping in a drought-prone agriculture region of eastern India 在印度东部干旱易发农业区应用装袋和提升集合机器学习技术绘制地下水潜能图
IF 6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-02 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-024-00981-y
Krishnagopal Halder, Amit Kumar Srivastava, Anitabha Ghosh, Ranajit Nabik, Subrata Pan, Uday Chatterjee, Dipak Bisai, Subodh Chandra Pal, Wenzhi Zeng, Frank Ewert, Thomas Gaiser, Chaitanya Baliram Pande, Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul Islam, Edris Alam, Md Kamrul Islam

Groundwater is a primary source of drinking water for billions worldwide. It plays a crucial role in irrigation, domestic, and industrial uses, and significantly contributes to drought resilience in various regions. However, excessive groundwater discharge has left many areas vulnerable to potable water shortages. Therefore, assessing groundwater potential zones (GWPZ) is essential for implementing sustainable management practices to ensure the availability of groundwater for present and future generations. This study aims to delineate areas with high groundwater potential in the Bankura district of West Bengal using four machine learning methods: Random Forest (RF), Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and Voting Ensemble (VE). The models used 161 data points, comprising 70% of the training dataset, to identify significant correlations between the presence and absence of groundwater in the region. Among the methods, Random Forest (RF) and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) proved to be the most effective in mapping groundwater potential, suggesting their applicability in other regions with similar hydrogeological conditions. The performance metrics for RF are very good with a precision of 0.919, recall of 0.971, F1-score of 0.944, and accuracy of 0.943. This indicates a strong capability to accurately predict groundwater zones with minimal false positives and negatives. Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost) demonstrated comparable performance across all metrics (precision: 0.919, recall: 0.971, F1-score: 0.944, accuracy: 0.943), highlighting its effectiveness in predicting groundwater potential areas accurately; whereas, Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) outperformed the other models slightly, with higher values in all metrics: precision (0.944), recall (0.971), F1-score (0.958), and accuracy (0.957), suggesting a more refined model performance. The Voting Ensemble (VE) approach also showed enhanced performance, mirroring XGBoost's metrics (precision: 0.944, recall: 0.971, F1-score: 0.958, accuracy: 0.957). This indicates that combining the strengths of individual models leads to better predictions. The groundwater potentiality zoning across the Bankura district varied significantly, with areas of very low potentiality accounting for 41.81% and very high potentiality at 24.35%. The uncertainty in predictions ranged from 0.0 to 0.75 across the study area, reflecting the variability in groundwater availability and the need for targeted management strategies.

In summary, this study highlights the critical need for assessing and managing groundwater resources effectively using advanced machine learning techniques. The findings provide a foundation for better groundwater management practices, ensuring sustainable use and conservation in Bankura district and beyond.

地下水是全球数十亿人的主要饮用水源。它在灌溉、家庭和工业用水方面发挥着至关重要的作用,并极大地促进了不同地区的抗旱能力。然而,地下水的过度排放导致许多地区饮用水短缺。因此,评估地下水潜势区(GWPZ)对于实施可持续管理措施以确保今世后代的地下水供应至关重要。本研究旨在使用四种机器学习方法,在西孟加拉邦班库拉地区划定地下水潜力高的区域:随机森林 (RF)、自适应提升 (AdaBoost)、极端梯度提升 (XGBoost) 和投票集合 (VE)。这些模型使用了 161 个数据点(占训练数据集的 70%)来识别该地区地下水存在与否之间的显著相关性。在这些方法中,随机森林(RF)和极端梯度提升(XGBoost)被证明是绘制地下水潜势图最有效的方法,这表明它们适用于具有类似水文地质条件的其他地区。RF 的性能指标非常好,精确度为 0.919,召回率为 0.971,F1 分数为 0.944,准确度为 0.943。这表明 RF 具有很强的准确预测地下水区的能力,误报和漏报极少。自适应提升(AdaBoost)在所有指标上都表现出相当的性能(精确度:0.919,召回率:0.971,F1-分数:0.944,准确度:0.943),突出了其在预测地下水区方面的有效性。而极端梯度提升模型(XGBoost)在所有指标上的表现略优于其他模型,其精确度(0.944)、召回率(0.971)、F1-分数(0.958)和准确率(0.957)的数值都更高,这表明该模型的性能更加精细。投票合集(VE)方法也显示出更高的性能,与 XGBoost 的指标(精确度:0.944;召回率:0.971;F1-分数:0.958;准确率:0.957)如出一辙。这表明,结合单个模型的优势可以获得更好的预测结果。班库拉地区的地下水潜力分区差异很大,极低潜力区占 41.81%,极高潜力区占 24.35%。整个研究区域的预测不确定性从 0.0 到 0.75 不等,反映了地下水可用性的多变性和有针对性的管理策略的必要性。研究结果为更好的地下水管理实践奠定了基础,确保了班库拉地区及其他地区地下水的可持续利用和保护。
{"title":"Application of bagging and boosting ensemble machine learning techniques for groundwater potential mapping in a drought-prone agriculture region of eastern India","authors":"Krishnagopal Halder,&nbsp;Amit Kumar Srivastava,&nbsp;Anitabha Ghosh,&nbsp;Ranajit Nabik,&nbsp;Subrata Pan,&nbsp;Uday Chatterjee,&nbsp;Dipak Bisai,&nbsp;Subodh Chandra Pal,&nbsp;Wenzhi Zeng,&nbsp;Frank Ewert,&nbsp;Thomas Gaiser,&nbsp;Chaitanya Baliram Pande,&nbsp;Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul Islam,&nbsp;Edris Alam,&nbsp;Md Kamrul Islam","doi":"10.1186/s12302-024-00981-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12302-024-00981-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Groundwater is a primary source of drinking water for billions worldwide. It plays a crucial role in irrigation, domestic, and industrial uses, and significantly contributes to drought resilience in various regions. However, excessive groundwater discharge has left many areas vulnerable to potable water shortages. Therefore, assessing groundwater potential zones (GWPZ) is essential for implementing sustainable management practices to ensure the availability of groundwater for present and future generations. This study aims to delineate areas with high groundwater potential in the Bankura district of West Bengal using four machine learning methods: Random Forest (RF), Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and Voting Ensemble (VE). The models used 161 data points, comprising 70% of the training dataset, to identify significant correlations between the presence and absence of groundwater in the region. Among the methods, Random Forest (RF) and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) proved to be the most effective in mapping groundwater potential, suggesting their applicability in other regions with similar hydrogeological conditions. The performance metrics for RF are very good with a precision of 0.919, recall of 0.971, F1-score of 0.944, and accuracy of 0.943. This indicates a strong capability to accurately predict groundwater zones with minimal false positives and negatives. Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost) demonstrated comparable performance across all metrics (precision: 0.919, recall: 0.971, F1-score: 0.944, accuracy: 0.943), highlighting its effectiveness in predicting groundwater potential areas accurately; whereas, Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) outperformed the other models slightly, with higher values in all metrics: precision (0.944), recall (0.971), F1-score (0.958), and accuracy (0.957), suggesting a more refined model performance. The Voting Ensemble (VE) approach also showed enhanced performance, mirroring XGBoost's metrics (precision: 0.944, recall: 0.971, F1-score: 0.958, accuracy: 0.957). This indicates that combining the strengths of individual models leads to better predictions. The groundwater potentiality zoning across the Bankura district varied significantly, with areas of very low potentiality accounting for 41.81% and very high potentiality at 24.35%. The uncertainty in predictions ranged from 0.0 to 0.75 across the study area, reflecting the variability in groundwater availability and the need for targeted management strategies.</p><p>In summary, this study highlights the critical need for assessing and managing groundwater resources effectively using advanced machine learning techniques. The findings provide a foundation for better groundwater management practices, ensuring sustainable use and conservation in Bankura district and beyond.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":546,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Europe","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12302-024-00981-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142220353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The first spatio-temporal study of the microplastics and meso–macroplastics transport in the Romanian Danube 首次对罗马尼亚多瑙河的微塑料和中微塑料迁移进行时空研究
IF 6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-024-00969-8
Ionut Procop, Madalina Calmuc, Sebastian Pessenlehner, Cristina Trifu, Alina Cantaragiu Ceoromila, Valentina Andreea Calmuc, Catalin Fetecău, Catalina Iticescu, Viorica Musat, Marcel Liedermann

Background

Transport, accumulation, and degradation of microplastics (MiPs) in the aquatic environment represent a significant concern to the researchers and policy-makers, due to the detrimental impact on biota and human health through food ingestion. Although consistent investigations and research data are available worldwide, comparing the results is still challenging due to the need for more regulations regarding the sampling methods, analysis, and results reporting. The European regulatory efforts include studies on the MiPs transport in the western basin of the Danube River developed with active nets-based multipoint sampling methods from suspended sediments and proposed for standardization. In this context, the present study aimed to address for the first time the transport of MiPs in the Romanian sector of the Danube, starting after entering the country (Moldova Veche) and before the formation of the Danube Delta (Isaccea).

Results

The multipoint nets sampling procedure facilitated the collection of suspended sediments in the water columns as deep as 0.0–0.6 and 3.0–3.6 m depths and near riverbed sediments (autumn 2022 sampling) during an extensive spatio-temporal study from spring 2022 until spring 2023. The estimate of the maximum annual transport of 46–51 and 93–100 t·y−1 for MiPs and total (micro–meso–macroplastics) MPs at Moldova Veche was based on 135 collected and processed samples using 2021 water flow data. Polyethylene (58–69%) and polypropylene (21–33%) were the main polymer components in the separated fragments, foils, microfibers, and different colors spheroids of MiPs ( < 5 mm), and the foils and fibers of meso–macroplastics (5–100 mm). Advanced investigations highlighted various microstructural degradations of the plastic fragments at the micro- and nanoscale and attached minerals (clays) and heavy metals.

Conclusion

This paper presents the first comprehensive data set for microplastic annual transport in the "Low Danube", filling the need for a complete transport assessment in one of the most significant European rivers. 4–5 times lower values were measured before the entrance to the Danube Delta than those from Moldova Veche. The investigations should continue, including flooding events, and the sampling points should be expanded to deeper water column layers during all the campaigns for further validation.

Graphical Abstract

背景微塑料(MiPs)在水生环境中的迁移、积累和降解是研究人员和政策制定者非常关注的一个问题,因为微塑料会通过食物摄入对生物群和人类健康造成有害影响。尽管全世界都有一致的调查和研究数据,但由于在取样方法、分析和结果报告方面需要更多的规定,因此对结果进行比较仍然具有挑战性。欧洲的监管工作包括对多瑙河西部流域的 MiPs 迁移进行研究,研究采用了基于活动网的悬浮沉积物多点采样方法,并提出了标准化建议。在此背景下,本研究旨在首次研究多瑙河罗马尼亚段的 MiPs 迁移情况,即从进入该国(Moldova Veche)之后到多瑙河三角洲(Isaccea)形成之前的情况。结果在 2022 年春季至 2023 年春季的广泛时空研究期间,多点网采样程序有助于收集水柱深度为 0.0-0.6 米和 3.0-3.6 米的悬浮沉积物以及河床附近的沉积物(2022 年秋季采样)。利用 2021 年的水流数据,根据采集和处理的 135 个样本,估算出摩尔多瓦韦切河的中 微塑料和总(微-中-微塑料)多孔塑料年最大迁移量分别为 46-51 吨/年和 93-100 吨/年。聚乙烯(58-69%)和聚丙烯(21-33%)是中微塑料(< 5 毫米)的分离碎片、薄片、微纤维和不同颜色球体以及中微塑料(5-100 毫米)的薄片和纤维中的主要聚合物成分。高级研究强调了塑料碎片在微米和纳米尺度上的各种微结构降解,以及附着的矿物质(粘土)和重金属。在多瑙河三角洲入口前测得的数值比摩尔多瓦韦切河的数值低 4-5 倍。应继续开展调查,包括洪水事件,并在所有活动中将采样点扩大到更深的水柱层,以进一步验证结果。
{"title":"The first spatio-temporal study of the microplastics and meso–macroplastics transport in the Romanian Danube","authors":"Ionut Procop,&nbsp;Madalina Calmuc,&nbsp;Sebastian Pessenlehner,&nbsp;Cristina Trifu,&nbsp;Alina Cantaragiu Ceoromila,&nbsp;Valentina Andreea Calmuc,&nbsp;Catalin Fetecău,&nbsp;Catalina Iticescu,&nbsp;Viorica Musat,&nbsp;Marcel Liedermann","doi":"10.1186/s12302-024-00969-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12302-024-00969-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Transport, accumulation, and degradation of microplastics (MiPs) in the aquatic environment represent a significant concern to the researchers and policy-makers, due to the detrimental impact on biota and human health through food ingestion. Although consistent investigations and research data are available worldwide, comparing the results is still challenging due to the need for more regulations regarding the sampling methods, analysis, and results reporting. The European regulatory efforts include studies on the MiPs transport in the western basin of the Danube River developed with active nets-based multipoint sampling methods from suspended sediments and proposed for standardization. In this context, the present study aimed to address for the first time the transport of MiPs in the Romanian sector of the Danube, starting after entering the country (Moldova Veche) and before the formation of the Danube Delta (Isaccea).</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The multipoint nets sampling procedure facilitated the collection of suspended sediments in the water columns as deep as 0.0–0.6 and 3.0–3.6 m depths and near riverbed sediments (autumn 2022 sampling) during an extensive spatio-temporal study from spring 2022 until spring 2023. The estimate of the maximum annual transport of 46–51 and 93–100 t·y<sup>−1</sup> for MiPs and total (micro–meso–macroplastics) MPs at Moldova Veche was based on 135 collected and processed samples using 2021 water flow data. Polyethylene (58–69%) and polypropylene (21–33%) were the main polymer components in the separated fragments, foils, microfibers, and different colors spheroids of MiPs ( &lt; 5 mm), and the foils and fibers of meso–macroplastics (5–100 mm). Advanced investigations highlighted various microstructural degradations of the plastic fragments at the micro- and nanoscale and attached minerals (clays) and heavy metals.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This paper presents the first comprehensive data set for microplastic annual transport in the \"Low Danube\", filling the need for a complete transport assessment in one of the most significant European rivers. 4–5 times lower values were measured before the entrance to the Danube Delta than those from Moldova Veche. The investigations should continue, including flooding events, and the sampling points should be expanded to deeper water column layers during all the campaigns for further validation.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":546,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Europe","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12302-024-00969-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142220350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effect of geographical parameters on PM10 pollution in European landscapes: a machine learning algorithm-based analysis 地理参数对欧洲景观中 PM10 污染的影响:基于机器学习算法的分析
IF 6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-024-00972-z
Seyedehmehrmanzar Sohrab, Nándor Csikós, Péter Szilassi

Background

PM10, comprising particles with diameters of 10 µm or less, has been identified as a significant environmental pollutant associated with adverse health outcomes in European cities. Understanding the temporal variation of the relationship between PM10 and geographical parameters is crucial for sustainable land use planning and air quality management in European landscapes. This study utilizes Conditional Inference Forest modeling and partial correlation to examine the impact of geographical factors on monthly average concentrations of PM10 in European suburban and urban landscapes during heating and cooling periods. The investigation focuses on two buffer zones (1000 m and 3000 m circle radiuses) surrounding 1216 European air quality monitoring stations.

Results

Results reveal importance and significant correlations between various geographical variables (soil texture, land use, transportation network, and meteorological) and PM10 quality on a continental scale. In suburban landscapes, soil texture, temperature, roads, and rail density play pivotal roles, while meteorological variables, particularly monthly average temperature and wind speed, dominate in urban landscapes. Urban sites exhibit higher R-squared values during both cooling (0.41) and heating periods (0.61) compared to suburban sites (cooling period R-squared: 0.39; heating period: R-squared: 0.51), indicating better predictive performance likely attributed to the less heterogeneous land use patterns surrounding urban PM10 monitoring sites.

Conclusion

The study underscores the importance of investigating spatial and temporal dynamics of geographical factors for accurate PM10 air quality prediction models in European urban and suburban landscapes. These findings provide valuable insights for policymakers, urban planners, and environmental scientists, guiding efforts toward sustainable and healthier urban environments.

背景可吸入颗粒物 PM10 由直径为 10 微米或更小的颗粒组成,已被确定为与欧洲城市的不良健康后果相关的重要环境污染物。了解 PM10 与地理参数之间关系的时间变化对于欧洲景观的可持续土地利用规划和空气质量管理至关重要。本研究利用条件推理森林建模和部分相关性研究了地理因素对欧洲郊区和城市景观在供暖和降温期间 PM10 月平均浓度的影响。结果显示,在欧洲大陆范围内,各种地理变量(土壤质地、土地利用、交通网络和气象)与 PM10 质量之间存在重要且显著的相关性。在郊区地貌中,土壤质地、温度、道路和铁路密度起着关键作用,而气象变量,尤其是月平均温度和风速,在城市地貌中占主导地位。与郊区相比,城市站点在降温期(0.41)和供暖期(0.61)均表现出更高的 R 平方值(降温期 R 平方值:0.39;供暖期:R 平方值:0.51),这表明城市 PM10 监测点周围的土地利用模式异质性较低,因此具有更好的预测性能。这些研究结果为政策制定者、城市规划者和环境科学家提供了有价值的见解,为实现可持续和更健康的城市环境提供了指导。
{"title":"Effect of geographical parameters on PM10 pollution in European landscapes: a machine learning algorithm-based analysis","authors":"Seyedehmehrmanzar Sohrab,&nbsp;Nándor Csikós,&nbsp;Péter Szilassi","doi":"10.1186/s12302-024-00972-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12302-024-00972-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>PM<sub>10</sub>, comprising particles with diameters of 10 µm or less, has been identified as a significant environmental pollutant associated with adverse health outcomes in European cities. Understanding the temporal variation of the relationship between PM<sub>10</sub> and geographical parameters is crucial for sustainable land use planning and air quality management in European landscapes. This study utilizes Conditional Inference Forest modeling and partial correlation to examine the impact of geographical factors on monthly average concentrations of PM<sub>10</sub> in European suburban and urban landscapes during heating and cooling periods. The investigation focuses on two buffer zones (1000 m and 3000 m circle radiuses) surrounding 1216 European air quality monitoring stations.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Results reveal importance and significant correlations between various geographical variables (soil texture, land use, transportation network, and meteorological) and PM<sub>10</sub> quality on a continental scale. In suburban landscapes, soil texture, temperature, roads, and rail density play pivotal roles, while meteorological variables, particularly monthly average temperature and wind speed, dominate in urban landscapes. Urban sites exhibit higher <i>R</i>-squared values during both cooling (0.41) and heating periods (0.61) compared to suburban sites (cooling period <i>R</i>-squared: 0.39; heating period: <i>R</i>-squared: 0.51), indicating better predictive performance likely attributed to the less heterogeneous land use patterns surrounding urban PM<sub>10</sub> monitoring sites.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The study underscores the importance of investigating spatial and temporal dynamics of geographical factors for accurate PM<sub>10</sub> air quality prediction models in European urban and suburban landscapes. These findings provide valuable insights for policymakers, urban planners, and environmental scientists, guiding efforts toward sustainable and healthier urban environments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":546,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Europe","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12302-024-00972-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142220354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Assessing in-field pesticide effects under European regulation and its implications for biodiversity: a workshop report 根据欧洲法规评估田间农药效应及其对生物多样性的影响:研讨会报告
IF 6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-024-00977-8
Magali Solé, Stephan Brendel, Annette Aldrich, Jens Dauber, Julie Ewald, Sabine Duquesne, Eckhard Gottschalk, Jörg Hoffmann, Mathias Kuemmerlen, Alastair Leake, Steffen Matezki, Stefan Meyer, Moritz Nabel, Tiago Natal-da-Luz, Silvia Pieper, Dario Piselli, Stanislas Rigal, Martina Roß-Nickoll, Andreas Schäffer, Josef Settele, Gabriel Sigmund, Nick Sotherton, Jörn Wogram, Dirk Messner

Background

Biodiversity loss is particularly pronounced in agroecosystems. Agricultural fields cover about one-third of the European Union and are crucial habitats for many species. At the same time, agricultural fields receive the highest pesticide input in European landscapes. Non-target species, including plants and arthropods, closely related to targeted pests, are directly affected by pesticides. Direct effects on these lower trophic levels cascade through the food web, resulting in indirect effects via the loss of food and habitat for subsequent trophic levels. The overarching goals of the European pesticide legislation require governments to sufficiently consider direct and indirect effects on plants and arthropods when authorising pesticides. This publication provides an overview of a workshop's findings in 2023 on whether the current pesticide risk assessment adequately addresses these requirements.

Results

Effects due to in-field exposure to pesticides are currently not assessed for plants and inadequately assessed for arthropods, resulting in an impairment of the food web support and biodiversity. Deficiencies lie within the risk assessment, as defined in the terrestrial guidance document from 2002. To overcome this problem, we introduce a two-step assessment method feasible for risk assessors, that is to determine (i) whether a pesticide product might have severe impacts on plants or arthropods and (ii) whether these effects extend to a broad taxonomic spectrum. When each step is fulfilled, it can be concluded that the in-field exposure of the pesticide use under assessment could lead to unacceptable direct effects on non-target species in-field and thus subsequent indirect effects on the food web. While our primary focus is to improve risk assessment methodologies, it is crucial to note that risk mitigation measures, such as conservation headlands, exist in cases where risks from in-field exposure have been identified.

Conclusions

We advocate that direct and indirect effects caused by in-field exposure to pesticides need to be adequately included in the risk assessment and risk management as soon as possible. To achieve this, we provide recommendations for the authorities including an evaluation method. Implementing this method would address a major deficiency in the current in-field pesticide risk assessment and ensure better protection of biodiversity.

背景生物多样性的丧失在农业生态系统中尤为明显。农田约占欧盟面积的三分之一,是许多物种的重要栖息地。同时,农田也是欧洲景观中农药投入量最高的地方。与目标害虫密切相关的非目标物种(包括植物和节肢动物)直接受到农药的影响。对这些较低营养级的直接影响会通过食物网产生连锁反应,导致后续营养级食物和栖息地的丧失,从而产生间接影响。欧洲农药立法的总体目标要求各国政府在授权使用农药时,充分考虑对植物和节肢动物的直接和间接影响。本出版物概述了 2023 年一次研讨会的结论,即目前的农药风险评估是否充分满足了这些要求。结果目前,田间接触农药对植物的影响没有得到评估,对节肢动物的影响评估不足,导致食物网支持和生物多样性受损。不足之处在于 2002 年陆地指导文件中规定的风险评估。为了解决这个问题,我们引入了一种对风险评估人员可行的两步评估方法,即确定(i)农药产品是否会对植物或节肢动物产生严重影响,以及(ii)这些影响是否会扩展到广泛的分类学范围。当每个步骤都完成后,就可以得出结论,评估中的农药田间暴露可能会对田间的非目标物种造成不可接受的直接影响,进而对食物网产生间接影响。虽然我们的主要重点是改进风险评估方法,但必须指出,在田间暴露风险已经确定的情况下,风险 缓解措施是存在的,比如保护岬角。为了实现这一目标,我们为有关部门提供了包括评估方法在内的建议。实施这一方法将解决目前田间农药风险评估中的一个主要缺陷,并确保更好地保护生物多样性。
{"title":"Assessing in-field pesticide effects under European regulation and its implications for biodiversity: a workshop report","authors":"Magali Solé,&nbsp;Stephan Brendel,&nbsp;Annette Aldrich,&nbsp;Jens Dauber,&nbsp;Julie Ewald,&nbsp;Sabine Duquesne,&nbsp;Eckhard Gottschalk,&nbsp;Jörg Hoffmann,&nbsp;Mathias Kuemmerlen,&nbsp;Alastair Leake,&nbsp;Steffen Matezki,&nbsp;Stefan Meyer,&nbsp;Moritz Nabel,&nbsp;Tiago Natal-da-Luz,&nbsp;Silvia Pieper,&nbsp;Dario Piselli,&nbsp;Stanislas Rigal,&nbsp;Martina Roß-Nickoll,&nbsp;Andreas Schäffer,&nbsp;Josef Settele,&nbsp;Gabriel Sigmund,&nbsp;Nick Sotherton,&nbsp;Jörn Wogram,&nbsp;Dirk Messner","doi":"10.1186/s12302-024-00977-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12302-024-00977-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Biodiversity loss is particularly pronounced in agroecosystems. Agricultural fields cover about one-third of the European Union and are crucial habitats for many species. At the same time, agricultural fields receive the highest pesticide input in European landscapes. Non-target species, including plants and arthropods, closely related to targeted pests, are directly affected by pesticides. Direct effects on these lower trophic levels cascade through the food web, resulting in indirect effects via the loss of food and habitat for subsequent trophic levels. The overarching goals of the European pesticide legislation require governments to sufficiently consider direct and indirect effects on plants and arthropods when authorising pesticides. This publication provides an overview of a workshop's findings in 2023 on whether the current pesticide risk assessment adequately addresses these requirements.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Effects due to in-field exposure to pesticides are currently not assessed for plants and inadequately assessed for arthropods, resulting in an impairment of the food web support and biodiversity. Deficiencies lie within the risk assessment, as defined in the terrestrial guidance document from 2002. To overcome this problem, we introduce a two-step assessment method feasible for risk assessors, that is to determine (i) whether a pesticide product might have severe impacts on plants or arthropods and (ii) whether these effects extend to a broad taxonomic spectrum. When each step is fulfilled, it can be concluded that the in-field exposure of the pesticide use under assessment could lead to unacceptable direct effects on non-target species in-field and thus subsequent indirect effects on the food web. While our primary focus is to improve risk assessment methodologies, it is crucial to note that risk mitigation measures, such as conservation headlands, exist in cases where risks from in-field exposure have been identified.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>We advocate that direct and indirect effects caused by in-field exposure to pesticides need to be adequately included in the risk assessment and risk management as soon as possible. To achieve this, we provide recommendations for the authorities including an evaluation method. Implementing this method would address a major deficiency in the current in-field pesticide risk assessment and ensure better protection of biodiversity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":546,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Europe","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12302-024-00977-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142227443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Correction: Chronic toxicity testing including transcriptomics‑based molecular profiling in Cloeon dipterum 更正:慢性毒性测试,包括基于转录组学的 Cloeon dipterum 分子图谱分析
IF 6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-21 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-024-00982-x
Kirsten Germing, Steve U. Ayobahan, Hannes Reinwald, Maria Vogt, Benedikt Ringbeck, Bernd Göckener, Elke Eilebrecht, Lena Kosak, Sebastian Eilebrecht
{"title":"Correction: Chronic toxicity testing including transcriptomics‑based molecular profiling in Cloeon dipterum","authors":"Kirsten Germing,&nbsp;Steve U. Ayobahan,&nbsp;Hannes Reinwald,&nbsp;Maria Vogt,&nbsp;Benedikt Ringbeck,&nbsp;Bernd Göckener,&nbsp;Elke Eilebrecht,&nbsp;Lena Kosak,&nbsp;Sebastian Eilebrecht","doi":"10.1186/s12302-024-00982-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12302-024-00982-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":546,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Europe","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12302-024-00982-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142412879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Flood-induced buttertub spill reveals riverine macroplastic transport dynamics 洪水引发的黄油桶泄漏揭示了河流大型塑料的迁移动态
IF 6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-21 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-024-00962-1
Rahel Hauk, Martine van der Ploeg, Adriaan J. Teuling, Winnie de Winter, Tim H. M. van Emmerik

During the July 2021 European floods approximately eight million empty dairy packaging (buttertubs) were flushed from a dairy processing facility in Belgium into the Vesdre river. Some were transported further downstream, into the Ourthe river and eventually the Meuse river. There are many unknowns when it comes to plastic transport in rivers, especially in response to floods. We therefore used this incident as an unique opportunity to study these buttertubs as a tracer for plastic transport dynamics in a riverine environment in response to an extreme flood event. Normally, it is unknown when and where individual plastic items found on riverbanks entered the environment. In this case, however, the ID stamps on the buttertups allowed for them to be traced back to the flooding of the factory. We studied the transport and deposition of these buttertubs in the Dutch Meuse over 2 years following the flood. We also collected buttertubs at different points in time to investigate their fragmentation and mass loss. Within 3 weeks of the flood, the buttertubs were transported up to 328 km from the spilling location. Overall, the majority (78%) of buttertubs we found within the first 3 weeks were deposited within less than 100 km of the point of emission. Over the following 2 years, the mean transport distance of the found buttertubs moved downstream from 100 km in July/August 2021, to 153 km in July 2023. The buttertubs average transport velocity decreased from 11.7 km/d within the first 3 weeks, to 0.2 km/d by July 2023. Based on the 89 buttertubs we collected and analyzed in detail over the 2 years, we did not find a significant mass loss. Of all 89 buttertubs found, 47 showed cracks and only 12 appeared to have pieces missing. This study shows that even during extreme flood events, the majority of spilled plastic litter is retained within a limited distance after being emitted into the river. The findings of this study can be utilized to improve plastic transport modelling, and overall better understand plastic transport in the freshwater environment.

在 2021 年 7 月的欧洲洪水中,大约 800 万个空乳制品包装(黄油桶)从比利时的一家乳制品加工厂冲入维斯德勒河。其中一些被进一步输送到下游的乌尔特河,最终流入默兹河。关于塑料在河流中的迁移,尤其是在洪水中的迁移,还有很多未知数。因此,我们利用这次事件作为一个难得的机会,将这些黄油管作为一种示踪剂,研究特大洪水事件发生时塑料在河流环境中的迁移动态。通常情况下,人们不知道在河岸上发现的单个塑料制品是何时何地进入环境的。但在这种情况下,通过毛茛上的 ID 标记,可以追溯到工厂被洪水淹没的时间。我们研究了洪水过后两年内这些黄油杯在荷兰马斯河的运输和沉积情况。我们还收集了不同时间点的黄油块,以研究它们的破碎和质量损失情况。在洪水过后的 3 周内,黄油桶被运到了距离泄漏地点长达 328 公里的地方。总体而言,我们在最初 3 周内发现的大部分(78%)黄油桶都沉积在距离泄洪点不到 100 公里的地方。在随后的两年中,发现的黄油块的平均迁移距离从 2021 年 7/8 月的 100 千米向下游移动,到 2023 年 7 月达到 153 千米。黄油管的平均迁移速度从最初三周的 11.7 千米/天下降到 2023 年 7 月的 0.2 千米/天。根据我们在这两年中收集和详细分析的 89 个黄油管,我们没有发现明显的质量损失。在所有 89 个发现的黄油管中,有 47 个出现裂缝,只有 12 个似乎有碎片缺失。这项研究表明,即使在特大洪水事件中,大部分溢出的塑料垃圾在排入河流后也会被保留在有限的距离内。这项研究的结果可用于改进塑料迁移模型,并从整体上更好地了解淡水环境中的塑料迁移。
{"title":"Flood-induced buttertub spill reveals riverine macroplastic transport dynamics","authors":"Rahel Hauk,&nbsp;Martine van der Ploeg,&nbsp;Adriaan J. Teuling,&nbsp;Winnie de Winter,&nbsp;Tim H. M. van Emmerik","doi":"10.1186/s12302-024-00962-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12302-024-00962-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>During the July 2021 European floods approximately eight million empty dairy packaging (buttertubs) were flushed from a dairy processing facility in Belgium into the Vesdre river. Some were transported further downstream, into the Ourthe river and eventually the Meuse river. There are many unknowns when it comes to plastic transport in rivers, especially in response to floods. We therefore used this incident as an unique opportunity to study these buttertubs as a tracer for plastic transport dynamics in a riverine environment in response to an extreme flood event. Normally, it is unknown when and where individual plastic items found on riverbanks entered the environment. In this case, however, the ID stamps on the buttertups allowed for them to be traced back to the flooding of the factory. We studied the transport and deposition of these buttertubs in the Dutch Meuse over 2 years following the flood. We also collected buttertubs at different points in time to investigate their fragmentation and mass loss. Within 3 weeks of the flood, the buttertubs were transported up to 328 km from the spilling location. Overall, the majority (78%) of buttertubs we found within the first 3 weeks were deposited within less than 100 km of the point of emission. Over the following 2 years, the mean transport distance of the found buttertubs moved downstream from 100 km in July/August 2021, to 153 km in July 2023. The buttertubs average transport velocity decreased from 11.7 km/d within the first 3 weeks, to 0.2 km/d by July 2023. Based on the 89 buttertubs we collected and analyzed in detail over the 2 years, we did not find a significant mass loss. Of all 89 buttertubs found, 47 showed cracks and only 12 appeared to have pieces missing. This study shows that even during extreme flood events, the majority of spilled plastic litter is retained within a limited distance after being emitted into the river. The findings of this study can be utilized to improve plastic transport modelling, and overall better understand plastic transport in the freshwater environment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":546,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Europe","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12302-024-00962-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142220355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Development of a new test design to investigate the degradation of pesticides in soil under sunlight conditions 开发一种新的试验设计,以研究土壤中农药在日照条件下的降解情况
IF 6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-21 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-024-00974-x
Jan Hassink, Jochen Buda, Sebastian Multsch, Svenja Nellen, Sabine Noe, Tanja Schmidt

Pesticides applied to soil surface are subject to photodegradation if the parent molecule is sensitive to UV-light absorption. Photodegradation studies are therefore mandatory for the registration of plant protection products to provide data on the degradation rate and on the nature of photoproducts formed. In general, sunlight is simulated in these studies with xenon lamps, e.g., a Suntest® device. Surface application on very thin soil layers followed by direct irradiation is common practice, but the control of the boundary conditions, i.e. soil temperature and moisture, to maintain the structure and viability of the soil is challenging. A homogeneous and stable soil microclimate is crucial to compare the degradation data of the test item from the irradiated soil samples to the dark controls as well as to the results from the aerobic soil metabolism study. After trying different scale-up test systems with the UV-sensitive herbicide imazamox as comparative test item, a new soil photolysis test system was developed which is manageable in the laboratory and enables a more favorable management of the boundary conditions, especially with regard to the soil moisture and temperature. For this, the solar simulator SolarConstant® 1200, equipped with metal halide lamps Radium HRI-TS 1000W/D/S/PRO, was installed by Atlas Ametek (Germany) in a temperature controllable walk-in incubation chamber with aluminum racks and reflectors to minimize diffuse light and to maintain a homogenous temperature of 22(± 1)°C within the irradiated soil. Borosilicate glass vessels with an inner diameter of 10 cm and a maximum height of 9 cm, covered by quartz glass, were used for the incubation of the applied soil under light. Contrary to the imazamox degradation half-lives obtained with the Suntest® test system, where an unusual slower degradation was observed under light compared to the dark controls, the results from the new SolarConstant® study design showed the expected faster degradation under light. Hence, it can be concluded that the experimental boundary conditions of the new test system are more suitable to maintain the viablity of the irradiated soil. Since no adjustments of the soil water content were needed, compared to daily water adjustments for thin soil layers incubated under a Suntest®, drying–wetting cycles are eliminated and microbial-induced soil processes are maintained.

如果母体分子对紫外线吸收敏感,施用到土壤表面的农药就会发生光降解。因此,光降解研究是植物保护产品注册的必备条件,以提供有关降解率和所形成光产物性质的数据。一般来说,在这些研究中使用氙灯(如 Suntest® 设备)模拟阳光。在很薄的土层上进行表面施用,然后直接照射是常见的做法,但如何控制边界条件(即土壤温度和湿度)以保持土壤的结构和活力是一项挑战。要将辐照土壤样本的测试项目降解数据与暗对照以及有氧土壤新陈代谢研究的结果进行比较,均匀稳定的土壤小气候至关重要。在以对紫外线敏感的除草剂咪草烟作为对比试验品尝试了不同的放大试验系统后,开发出了一种新的土壤光解试验系统,该系统可在实验室中进行管理,并能对边界条件(尤其是土壤湿度和温度)进行更有利的管理。为此,阿特拉斯-阿美特克公司(德国)安装了太阳能模拟器 SolarConstant® 1200,配备了金属卤化物灯 Radium HRI-TS 1000W/D/S/PRO,安装在一个温度可控的步入式培养室中,该培养室配有铝架和反射器,可最大限度地减少漫射光,并保持照射土壤内 22(±1)℃ 的均匀温度。硼硅酸盐玻璃容器的内径为 10 厘米,最大高度为 9 厘米,由石英玻璃覆盖,用于在光照下培养施用的土壤。与使用 Suntest® 测试系统获得的咪鲜胺降解半衰期相反,与黑暗对照组相比,光照下的降解速度异常缓慢,而新的 SolarConstant® 研究设计的结果显示,光照下的降解速度比预期的要快。因此,可以得出结论,新测试系统的实验边界条件更适合保持辐照土壤的可行性。由于无需调整土壤含水量,与在 Suntest® 下培养的薄土层每天调整含水量相比,消除了干燥-湿润循环,保持了微生物诱导的土壤过程。
{"title":"Development of a new test design to investigate the degradation of pesticides in soil under sunlight conditions","authors":"Jan Hassink,&nbsp;Jochen Buda,&nbsp;Sebastian Multsch,&nbsp;Svenja Nellen,&nbsp;Sabine Noe,&nbsp;Tanja Schmidt","doi":"10.1186/s12302-024-00974-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12302-024-00974-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pesticides applied to soil surface are subject to photodegradation if the parent molecule is sensitive to UV-light absorption. Photodegradation studies are therefore mandatory for the registration of plant protection products to provide data on the degradation rate and on the nature of photoproducts formed. In general, sunlight is simulated in these studies with xenon lamps, e.g., a Suntest® device. Surface application on very thin soil layers followed by direct irradiation is common practice, but the control of the boundary conditions, i.e. soil temperature and moisture, to maintain the structure and viability of the soil is challenging. A homogeneous and stable soil microclimate is crucial to compare the degradation data of the test item from the irradiated soil samples to the dark controls as well as to the results from the aerobic soil metabolism study. After trying different scale-up test systems with the UV-sensitive herbicide imazamox as comparative test item, a new soil photolysis test system was developed which is manageable in the laboratory and enables a more favorable management of the boundary conditions, especially with regard to the soil moisture and temperature. For this, the solar simulator SolarConstant® 1200, equipped with metal halide lamps Radium HRI-TS 1000W/D/S/PRO, was installed by Atlas Ametek (Germany) in a temperature controllable walk-in incubation chamber with aluminum racks and reflectors to minimize diffuse light and to maintain a homogenous temperature of 22(± 1)°C within the irradiated soil. Borosilicate glass vessels with an inner diameter of 10 cm and a maximum height of 9 cm, covered by quartz glass, were used for the incubation of the applied soil under light. Contrary to the imazamox degradation half-lives obtained with the Suntest® test system, where an unusual slower degradation was observed under light compared to the dark controls, the results from the new SolarConstant® study design showed the expected faster degradation under light. Hence, it can be concluded that the experimental boundary conditions of the new test system are more suitable to maintain the viablity of the irradiated soil. Since no adjustments of the soil water content were needed, compared to daily water adjustments for thin soil layers incubated under a Suntest®, drying–wetting cycles are eliminated and microbial-induced soil processes are maintained.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":546,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Europe","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12302-024-00974-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142220356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Circulatory trace element variations in Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis 阿尔茨海默病的循环微量元素变化:系统回顾和荟萃分析
IF 6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-20 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-024-00980-z
Ying Qing, Jianheng Zheng, Meng Qin, Xiufen Liu, Zhao Dai, Xinyue Xu, Yingyi Luo, Shichun Li, Liqiang Wang, Shuyu Yang, Jun Du, Ying Lu, Yanfei Li

Trace element levels in the circulation (blood, serum, plasma) are believed to play a role in the pathophysiologic processes of Alzheimer’s disease (AD); however, there is heterogeneity in the available findings. This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of trace elements (including: copper (Cu), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), manganese (Mn), aluminum (Al), arsenic (As), and magnesium (Mg)) in AD patients and controls to assess the variation of trace elements in the circulation of AD patients. By systematically screening case–control studies on circulatory trace element levels in AD patients from 2000 to the present in the PubMed, Web of Science, and MEDLINE databases, 52 studies were included in the final meta-analysis. The results of the random-effects model showed significantly elevated circulatory levels of Cd (SMD = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.35, 1.24), Hg (SMD = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.03, 1.16), and Cu (SMD = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.37, 1.04) in AD patients, while levels of Fe (SMD = − 0.58, 95% CI: − 1.03, − 0.13), Se (SMD = − 0.53, 95% CI: − 0.85, − 0.21), and Zn (SMD = − 0.99, 95% CI: − 1.52, − 0.46) were significantly lower. The database formed in this study provides reliable population-based research evidence for exploring changes in circulating trace element levels in AD patients. Monitoring and stabilization of circulatory trace element levels in the elderly may be a potential preventive target for AD.

血液循环(血液、血清、血浆)中的微量元素水平被认为在阿尔茨海默病(AD)的病理生理过程中起着一定的作用;然而,现有的研究结果却不尽相同。本研究对 AD 患者和对照组的微量元素(包括:铜 (Cu)、铁 (Fe)、锌 (Zn)、硒 (Se)、铅 (Pb)、镉 (Cd)、汞 (Hg)、锰 (Mn)、铝 (Al)、砷 (As) 和镁 (Mg))进行了系统回顾和荟萃分析,以评估 AD 患者血液循环中微量元素的变化。通过在PubMed、Web of Science和MEDLINE数据库中系统筛选2000年至今有关AD患者循环微量元素水平的病例对照研究,52项研究被纳入最终的荟萃分析。随机效应模型的结果显示,AD 患者血液循环中的镉含量(SMD = 0.79,95% CI:0.35,1.24)、汞含量(SMD = 0.59,95% CI:0.03,1.16)和铜含量(SMD = 0.70,95% CI:0.37,1.04)明显升高。04),而AD患者体内铁(SMD = - 0.58,95% CI:- 1.03,- 0.13)、硒(SMD = - 0.53,95% CI:- 0.85,- 0.21)和锌(SMD = - 0.99,95% CI:- 1.52,- 0.46)的水平则明显较低。本研究建立的数据库为探讨AD患者循环微量元素水平的变化提供了可靠的人群研究证据。监测和稳定老年人循环微量元素水平可能是AD的潜在预防目标。
{"title":"Circulatory trace element variations in Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Ying Qing,&nbsp;Jianheng Zheng,&nbsp;Meng Qin,&nbsp;Xiufen Liu,&nbsp;Zhao Dai,&nbsp;Xinyue Xu,&nbsp;Yingyi Luo,&nbsp;Shichun Li,&nbsp;Liqiang Wang,&nbsp;Shuyu Yang,&nbsp;Jun Du,&nbsp;Ying Lu,&nbsp;Yanfei Li","doi":"10.1186/s12302-024-00980-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12302-024-00980-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Trace element levels in the circulation (blood, serum, plasma) are believed to play a role in the pathophysiologic processes of Alzheimer’s disease (AD); however, there is heterogeneity in the available findings. This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of trace elements (including: copper (Cu), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), manganese (Mn), aluminum (Al), arsenic (As), and magnesium (Mg)) in AD patients and controls to assess the variation of trace elements in the circulation of AD patients. By systematically screening case–control studies on circulatory trace element levels in AD patients from 2000 to the present in the PubMed, Web of Science, and MEDLINE databases, 52 studies were included in the final meta-analysis. The results of the random-effects model showed significantly elevated circulatory levels of Cd (SMD = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.35, 1.24), Hg (SMD = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.03, 1.16), and Cu (SMD = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.37, 1.04) in AD patients, while levels of Fe (SMD = − 0.58, 95% CI: − 1.03, − 0.13), Se (SMD = − 0.53, 95% CI: − 0.85, − 0.21), and Zn (SMD = − 0.99, 95% CI: − 1.52, − 0.46) were significantly lower. The database formed in this study provides reliable population-based research evidence for exploring changes in circulating trace element levels in AD patients. Monitoring and stabilization of circulatory trace element levels in the elderly may be a potential preventive target for AD.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":546,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Europe","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12302-024-00980-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142220357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Greenhouse study and interviews indicate glyphosate residue via feed-feces-fertilizer route is a risk for horticultural producers using manure-based fertilizer 温室研究和访谈表明,草甘膦通过饲料-粪便-肥料途径的残留对使用粪肥的园艺生产者来说是一种风险
IF 6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-19 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-024-00973-y
Traci Birge, Irma Saloniemi, Kari Saikkonen, Marjo Helander

Background

The herbicide glyphosate is the most widely used active ingredient in pesticides globally. Residues have been found in people, livestock, food and animal feed, and in the environment, but little is known about glyphosate residue in manure-based fertilizer. We describe a feed-feces-fertilizer route of glyphosate contamination with negative impacts for horticultural production. This exposure can harm sensitive plants, such as tomato, and pose a risk to effective waste disposal and nutrient cycling along principles of the circular economy.

We review the use and history of glyphosate and present a mixed methods research based on a real-world case from Finland where glyphosate residue in poultry manure fertilizer was suspected of inhibiting commercial organic tomato production. To test the fertilizer, we grew 72 ‘Encore’ variety tomato plants for 14 weeks in a climate-controlled greenhouse according to the practices of the commercial grower. To ascertain awareness and potential contamination mitigation measures, we contacted five fertilizer companies with sales of biogenic fertilizer in Finland, two farming organizations, a feed company, and two government organizations working on nutrient cycling and agricultural circular economy.

Results

The total harvest of tomatoes grown with fertilizer with the higher content of glyphosate residue was 35% smaller and the yield of first-class tomatoes 37% lower than that of the control, with lower glyphosate concentration. Two of the five fertilizer companies identified poultry manure as a source of glyphosate contamination. Companies with awareness of pesticide residues reported interest in establishing parameters for pesticide residues.

Conclusions

The extent of glyphosate contamination of recycled fertilizers is unknown, but this study shows that such contamination occurs with negative impacts on crop production. Lack of testing and regulation to ensure that recycled fertilizers are free from harmful levels of glyphosate or other pesticides creates risks for agricultural producers. The issue is particularly acute for certified organic producers dependent on these products, but also for sustainable transitions away from mineral fertilizers in conventional farming. The example from Finland shows that a model of co-production between fertilizer producers and state regulatory agencies to establish safe limits can benefit both fertilizer producers and their customers.

背景除草剂草甘膦是全球使用最广泛的农药活性成分。在人类、牲畜、食品和动物饲料以及环境中都发现了草甘膦残留,但人们对粪肥中的草甘膦残留知之甚少。我们描述了草甘膦污染的 "饲料-粪便-肥料 "途径,该途径会对园艺生产产生负面影响。我们回顾了草甘膦的使用和历史,并介绍了一项基于芬兰真实案例的混合方法研究,该案例怀疑家禽粪便肥料中的草甘膦残留抑制了商业有机番茄的生产。为了测试这种肥料,我们按照商业种植者的做法,在气候控制的温室中种植了 72 株 "Encore "品种番茄,为期 14 周。为了确定人们的认识和潜在的污染缓解措施,我们联系了在芬兰销售生物源肥料的五家肥料公司、两个农业组织、一家饲料公司和两个致力于养分循环和农业循环经济的政府组织。五家化肥公司中有两家认为家禽粪便是草甘膦的污染源。有农药残留意识的公司表示有兴趣制定农药残留参数。结论目前尚不清楚回收肥料的草甘膦污染程度,但本研究表明,这种污染的发生会对作物生产产生负面影响。缺乏检测和监管来确保再循环肥料不含有害的草甘膦或其他农药,这给农业生产者带来了风险。对于依赖这些产品的认证有机肥生产者来说,这个问题尤为严重,但对于传统农业摆脱矿物肥料的可持续转型来说,这个问题也同样严重。芬兰的例子表明,化肥生产商与国家监管机构共同制定安全限量的模式,对化肥生产商及其客户都有好处。
{"title":"Greenhouse study and interviews indicate glyphosate residue via feed-feces-fertilizer route is a risk for horticultural producers using manure-based fertilizer","authors":"Traci Birge,&nbsp;Irma Saloniemi,&nbsp;Kari Saikkonen,&nbsp;Marjo Helander","doi":"10.1186/s12302-024-00973-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12302-024-00973-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The herbicide glyphosate is the most widely used active ingredient in pesticides globally. Residues have been found in people, livestock, food and animal feed, and in the environment, but little is known about glyphosate residue in manure-based fertilizer. We describe a feed-feces-fertilizer route of glyphosate contamination with negative impacts for horticultural production. This exposure can harm sensitive plants, such as tomato, and pose a risk to effective waste disposal and nutrient cycling along principles of the circular economy.</p><p>We review the use and history of glyphosate and present a mixed methods research based on a real-world case from Finland where glyphosate residue in poultry manure fertilizer was suspected of inhibiting commercial organic tomato production. To test the fertilizer, we grew 72 ‘Encore’ variety tomato plants for 14 weeks in a climate-controlled greenhouse according to the practices of the commercial grower. To ascertain awareness and potential contamination mitigation measures, we contacted five fertilizer companies with sales of biogenic fertilizer in Finland, two farming organizations, a feed company, and two government organizations working on nutrient cycling and agricultural circular economy.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The total harvest of tomatoes grown with fertilizer with the higher content of glyphosate residue was 35% smaller and the yield of first-class tomatoes 37% lower than that of the control, with lower glyphosate concentration. Two of the five fertilizer companies identified poultry manure as a source of glyphosate contamination. Companies with awareness of pesticide residues reported interest in establishing parameters for pesticide residues.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The extent of glyphosate contamination of recycled fertilizers is unknown, but this study shows that such contamination occurs with negative impacts on crop production. Lack of testing and regulation to ensure that recycled fertilizers are free from harmful levels of glyphosate or other pesticides creates risks for agricultural producers. The issue is particularly acute for certified organic producers dependent on these products, but also for sustainable transitions away from mineral fertilizers in conventional farming. The example from Finland shows that a model of co-production between fertilizer producers and state regulatory agencies to establish safe limits can benefit both fertilizer producers and their customers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":546,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Europe","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12302-024-00973-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142227440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Environmental Sciences Europe
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1