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Acetamiprid elicits oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory response, and cellular proliferation in human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro and in silico: alleviative implications of the mixture of heat-killed Lactobacillus strains 啶虫脒在体外和硅学中引发人类支气管上皮细胞的氧化应激、促炎反应和细胞增殖:热杀灭乳酸杆菌菌株混合物的缓解作用
IF 6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-024-00998-3
Samah S. Arafa, Heba A. Elnoury, Sahar Badr El-Din, Shimaa Abdel Sattar, Mohamed A. Sakr, Sahar K. Ghanem, Omnia S. Ahmed, Doaa M. Khalil, Mohamed A. Ghorab, Rasha A. Salama, Afaf Abdelkader

Background

Acetamiprid (ACE), a neonicotinoid insecticide, has been extensively used to control pests in agricultural and industrial environments. It has been reported that ACE is detrimental to the lungs. Nevertheless, the extent to which the activation of oxidative stress, inflammation, and cellular proliferation contributes to the pulmonary toxicity induced by ACE exposure remains insufficiently understood. This study explored the mechanism of toxicological consequences after ACE exposure in bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B cells). The research also examined the potential ameliorative effects of the mixture of heat-killed Lactobacillus delbrueckii and Lactobacillus fermentum (HKL) on the toxicities of ACE.

Results

Following 14 days of exposure to ACE at 0.5 and 1 μM, oxidative stress was induced, as evidenced by the decreased levels of reduced glutathione, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase, along with increased levels of malondialdehyde. Also, ACE exposure results in overexpression and raised protein levels of the IL-25, NF-κB1, NF-κB2, IL-33, TSLP, and NF-κB target genes, which induce inflammatory responses. In addition, ACE boosted Ki-67-positive BEAS-2B cells. The molecular docking of ACE with target genes and their proteins demonstrated a potent binding affinity, further supported by the presence of hydrophobic contacts, electrostatic interactions, and hydrogen bonds. The post-treatment of HKL following the ACE (1 μM) exhibited its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative activities in suppressing ACE-induced toxicity.

Conclusions

Our research revealed that ACE toxicity in BEAS-2B cells is caused by driving oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory response, and cellular proliferation. This study would give us a strategy to alleviate ACE-induced lung impairment by heat-killed probiotic supplements. As a result, dietary supplements that contain these microorganisms may potentially be beneficial in countries with high levels of pesticide contamination.

背景啶虫脒(ACE)是一种新烟碱类杀虫剂,被广泛用于控制农业和工业环境中的害虫。据报道,ACE 对肺部有害。然而,氧化应激、炎症和细胞增殖的激活在多大程度上导致了暴露于 ACE 后引起的肺部毒性,目前仍未得到充分了解。本研究探讨了支气管上皮细胞(BEAS-2B 细胞)暴露于 ACE 后产生毒性后果的机制。结果暴露于 0.5 和 1 μM 的 ACE 14 天后,氧化应激被诱导,表现为还原型谷胱甘肽、过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和超氧化物歧化酶水平的降低,以及丙二醛水平的升高。同时,暴露于 ACE 会导致 IL-25、NF-κB1、NF-κB2、IL-33、TSLP 和 NF-κB 靶基因的过度表达和蛋白质水平的升高,从而诱发炎症反应。此外,ACE还能促进Ki-67阳性的BEAS-2B细胞。ACE 与目标基因及其蛋白质的分子对接显示了强大的结合亲和力,疏水接触、静电作用和氢键的存在进一步证实了这一点。我们的研究发现,ACE 对 BEAS-2B 细胞的毒性是由氧化应激、促炎症反应和细胞增殖引起的。这项研究为我们提供了一种策略,即通过热杀灭益生菌补充剂来减轻 ACE 引起的肺损伤。因此,含有这些微生物的膳食补充剂可能对农药污染严重的国家有益。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluating the cradle-to-gate environmental impact and cooling performance of advanced daytime radiative cooling materials to establish a comparative framework for a novel photonic meta-concrete 评估先进的日间辐射冷却材料对环境的影响和冷却性能,为新型光子元混凝土建立比较框架
IF 6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-024-01005-5
N. Adams, L. Carlosena, K. Allacker

Background

By the end of 2050, it is expected that 68% of the population will live in urban areas. A higher density of people living in cities generates an increased urban heat island. Radiative cooling (RC) materials are proposed as a key strategy to mitigate global warming and urban heating. The Horizon 2020 project MIRACLE aims at developing a new RC material based on conventional concrete.

This paper presents a framework developed for comparing both the cradle-to-gate environmental impact and cooling potential of the newly developed photonic meta-concrete (or any other new RC material) with existing RC materials. The framework is applied to various RC materials using the generic Ecoinvent v3.6 database. The impact assessment method is in line with the Belgian life cycle assessment method for buildings and covers the 15 environmental impact categories of the EN15804:A2. The cooling performance is assessed by implementing the material spectral emissivity into a thermal model for Brussels and Madrid.

Results

The study shows that the sputtering process contributes over 75% to the cradle-to-gate environmental impact of several RC materials, while materials produced without this process, have significantly lower impacts. The assessment of the cooling potential showed that convection heat gains make it difficult to create an all-year round cooling material. The comparison with a conventional building material, a concrete roof tile, hence shows great potential for these RC materials as heating gains during summer are significantly reduced. Analysing cooling performance alongside environmental impact, the study identified two RC materials, i.e. D6 and D10, as the most preferred in both Brussels and Madrid, considering their lower environmental impact and superior performance.

Conclusions

The literature review revealed that a standardised way to assess and benchmark RC materials based on their cradle-to-gate environmental impact and cooling performance is lacking to date. This paper hence presents, for the first time, a method to compare RC materials considering these two characteristics. This method allows to identify the most competitive RC materials, which will serve in our study to benchmark the newly developed photonic meta-concrete.

背景到 2050 年底,预计 68% 的人口将居住在城市地区。城市人口密度的增加会导致城市热岛的增加。辐射冷却(RC)材料被认为是减缓全球变暖和城市供热的关键策略。本文介绍了一个框架,用于比较新开发的光子元混凝土(或任何其他新型 RC 材料)与现有 RC 材料对环境的影响和冷却潜力。该框架使用通用的 Ecoinvent v3.6 数据库,适用于各种 RC 材料。影响评估方法与比利时建筑生命周期评估方法一致,涵盖 EN15804:A2 中的 15 个环境影响类别。通过在布鲁塞尔和马德里的热模型中实施材料的光谱发射率,对冷却性能进行了评估。研究结果表明,溅射工艺对几种 RC 材料从摇篮到终点的环境影响超过 75%,而无溅射工艺生产的材料对环境的影响要小得多。对冷却潜力的评估表明,对流热增益使其难以成为一种全年制冷的材料。因此,与传统建筑材料(混凝土屋顶瓦片)的比较显示,这些 RC 材料具有巨大的潜力,因为夏季的热增益显著降低。在分析降温性能和环境影响的同时,研究还发现两种 RC 材料(即 D6 和 D10)对环境的影响较小,性能优越,因此在布鲁塞尔和马德里最受青睐。因此,本文首次提出了一种根据这两个特性对 RC 材料进行比较的方法。通过这种方法可以确定最具竞争力的 RC 材料,在我们的研究中,这些材料将作为新开发的光子元混凝土的基准。
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引用次数: 0
Translocation and dissipation of seven indicator polychlorinated biphenyls from contrast soils cultivated with different root vegetables 种植不同根茎类蔬菜的对比土壤中七种指示性多氯联苯的迁移和消散
IF 6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-024-01006-4
Zdeněk Košnář, Pavel Tlustoš

The behavior of 7 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in agricultural Chernozem and Fluvisol soils from the Czech Republic planted with radishes, onions, and carrots was studied. Only the total biomass yield of carrots was significantly reduced (P < 0.05) when compared to the control biomass yield. All tested PCBs, especially congener PCB 28, were able to accumulate in slightly higher amounts in the radish surface than in the onion one. The highest PCB content was observed in the surface layer of carrots, which could be related to the agrochemical properties of soil, vegetation period, and more intensive contact of carrot roots with PCBs in a bulk soil. The translocation factors of PCBs were lower than 1, indicating a poor ability for PCB uptake from soil. The highest relative PCB removal from soil was observed in acidic Fluvisol, accounting for 27.2%, with a maximum of 2% plant contribution to soil PCB dissipation. The low relative removal of PCBs by plants indicates that in vegetable-planted soil, the removal of PCBs could be due to autochthonous soil microorganisms in the rhizosphere of vegetables. The bioaccumulation factors for PCBs derived from the cultivation of examined root vegetables in Chernozem and Fluvisol soils contaminated with PCBs at nearly 1500 µg/kg dry weight can be considered low and negligible.

研究了捷克共和国种植萝卜、洋葱和胡萝卜的 Chernozem 和 Fluvisol 农用土壤中 7 种多氯联苯 (PCB) 的变化情况。与对照生物量产量相比,只有胡萝卜的总生物量产量明显减少(P < 0.05)。所有测试的多氯联苯,尤其是同系物多氯联苯 28,在萝卜表面的累积量略高于在洋葱表面的累积量。在胡萝卜表层观察到的多氯联苯含量最高,这可能与土壤的农用化学品特性、植被期以及胡萝卜根系与散装土壤中的多氯联苯接触更频繁有关。多氯联苯的易位系数小于 1,表明从土壤中吸收多氯联苯的能力较差。酸性 Fluvisol 对土壤中多氯联苯的相对去除率最高,为 27.2%,植物对土壤中多氯联苯消散的贡献率最高为 2%。植物对多氯联苯的相对去除率较低,这表明在种植蔬菜的土壤中,多氯联苯的去除可能是由于蔬菜根瘤层中的自生土壤微生物。在受多氯联苯污染的 Chernozem 和 Fluvisol 土壤中种植经检测的根茎类蔬菜所产生的多氯联苯生物累积系数接近 1500 微克/千克干重,可以认为是很低的,可以忽略不计。
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引用次数: 0
Toxic effect of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on co-culture model of human alveolar epithelial cells (A549) and macrophages (THP-1) 多环芳烃(PAHs)对人肺泡上皮细胞(A549)和巨噬细胞(THP-1)共培养模型的毒性效应
IF 6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-024-01003-7
Pennapa Takam, Andreas Schäffer, Sarunya Laovitthayanggoon, Wasin Charerntantanakul, Panwad Sillapawattana

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are particulate matter bound environmental contaminants known to cause adverse effects on human health. The toxicity of carcinogenic PAH such as benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) has been extensively investigated, whereas other PAHs have received less attention. The present work investigated the toxic effects of three less investigated PAHs with distinct molecular weights in comparison to BaP on co-culture model of human epithelial lung cells (A549) and macrophages (THP-1). Due to the involvement of more than one cell type in the response to PAH exposure, the new co-culture model is considered to be suitable for the prediction of undesired toxicological effects of PAHs. To do so, the co-culture was established and exposed to 0–400 µM of phenanthrene (PHE), fluoranthene (FLA), and, benzo [ghi] perylene (BghiP) for 24 h. Subsequently, cytotoxicity, micronucleus formation, and cytokine excretion were analyzed. The results revealed that the viability of A549 cells decreased after being exposed to increasing concentrations of PAHs. The formation of micronuclei in binucleated cells (BNC) was found more frequently in cells treated with PAHs in comparison to the untreated group, indicating the genotoxic effect of these compounds. Moreover, an exposure to PAHs enhanced the pro-inflammatory cytokine, i.e., interleukin-6 secretion, while diminished the anti-inflammatory cytokine, i.e., interleukin-10. In summary, PAHs possess negative effects on A549 and THP-1 co-culture model, implying an adverse effect on human health when coming into contact with these chemicals via respiration.

多环芳烃(PAHs)是与颗粒物质结合在一起的环境污染物,已知会对人类健康造成不良影响。苯并[a]芘(BaP)等致癌多环芳烃的毒性已得到广泛研究,而其他多环芳烃则较少受到关注。与 BaP 相比,本研究调查了三种较少调查的不同分子量的多环芳烃对人类上皮肺细胞(A549)和巨噬细胞(THP-1)共培养模型的毒性影响。由于在多环芳烃暴露的反应中涉及到不止一种细胞类型,新的共培养模型被认为适用于预测多环芳烃的不良毒理效应。为此,我们建立了共培养模型,并将其暴露于 0-400 µM 的菲类(PHE)、荧蒽(FLA)和苯并[ghi]苝(BghiP)中 24 小时,随后分析了细胞毒性、微核形成和细胞因子排泄。结果表明,A549 细胞在暴露于浓度越来越高的多环芳烃后,活力下降。与未处理组相比,经 PAHs 处理的细胞更容易形成双核细胞(BNC)中的微核,这表明这些化合物具有基因毒性作用。此外,暴露于 PAHs 会增加促炎细胞因子(即白细胞介素-6)的分泌,同时减少抗炎细胞因子(即白细胞介素-10)的分泌。总之,多环芳烃对 A549 和 THP-1 共培养模型有负面影响,这意味着通过呼吸接触这些化学物质会对人体健康产生不利影响。
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引用次数: 0
Measuring NOx during periodic technical inspection of diesel vehicles 在柴油车辆定期技术检查期间测量氮氧化物
IF 6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-024-01002-8
Jacopo Franzetti, Tommaso Selleri, Natalia Fonseca González, Anastasios Melas, Roberto Gioria, Ricardo Suarez-Bertoa

Background

All light-duty (LD) and heavy-duty (HD) vehicles circulating in the European Union undergo regular checks during mandatory periodic technical inspections (PTI). These inspections promote road safety and environmental protection. Vehicles with defective deNOx aftertreatment systems can result in high emissions of NOx, which is an important air pollutant. The ongoing revision of the “so-called” Roadworthiness Package by the European Commission propose including a new method for measuring NOx from vehicles’ exhaust during PTI (NOx-PTI).

Results

The results obtained showed an increase in NOx emissions, 8 to 28 times, when the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) unit was not working. The applicability of the NOx-PTI idling test procedure to Euro VI HD vehicles was also investigated satisfactorily. Furthermore, methods to warm-up the vehicle’s aftertreatment prior to the NOx-PTI idling test, including standing still free accelerations and urban speed drives, as well as systems conditions before the test, were studied. Five different NOx analysers were assessed against reference equipment to ensure the accuracy of NOx measurements to assess their suitability for PTI purposes. The findings indicate that an urban speed drive is suitable for warming up both LD and HD vehicles. The tested analysers appeared to be suitable for use in PTI.

Conclusions

The high NOx emissions recorded when the SCR unit was not working, and their potential environmental impact, highlight the importance of a PTI test capable of detecting malfunctioning vehicles. The study demonstrated that the idle test procedure, testing conditions, and NOx analysers used were effective in performing a NOx-PTI check on both light- and heavy-duty Diesel vehicles, successfully discriminating between functioning and malfunctioning SCR systems.

背景在欧盟流通的所有轻型(LD)和重型(HD)车辆都要在强制性定期技术检查(PTI)期间接受定期检查。这些检查促进了道路安全和环境保护。脱硝后处理系统有缺陷的车辆会导致氮氧化物的高排放,而氮氧化物是一种重要的空气污染物。欧盟委员会正在对 "所谓 "的 "适路性一揽子方案 "进行修订,建议在 PTI(NOx-PTI)过程中采用一种新方法来测量汽车尾气中的氮氧化物。氮氧化物-怠速空转测试程序对欧 VI HD 车辆的适用性研究也令人满意。此外,还研究了氮氧化物-PTI 空转测试前车辆后处理的预热方法,包括静止自由加速和城市高速行驶,以及测试前的系统条件。对照参考设备对五种不同的氮氧化物分析仪进行了评估,以确保氮氧化物测量的准确性,从而评估其是否适用于 PTI 目的。研究结果表明,城市高速驱动器适用于为低速和高速车辆预热。结论当选择性催化还原装置不工作时记录到的高氮氧化物排放量及其对环境的潜在影响,突出了能够检测故障车辆的 PTI 测试的重要性。该研究表明,所使用的怠速测试程序、测试条件和氮氧化物分析仪可有效地对轻型和重型柴油车辆进行氮氧化物-PTI 检查,并成功区分出 SCR 系统的功能和故障。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of short-term total dissolved gas supersaturation on cognitive function and swimming performance in medaka (Oryzias latipes) 短期总溶解气体过饱和度对鳉鱼认知功能和游泳表现的影响
IF 6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-024-01004-6
Jialin Liao, Hui Chen, Xin Yang, Haoran Shi, Quan Yuan

During the flood season, high dam discharge rates result in total dissolved gas (TDG) supersaturation. This condition causes gas bubble trauma and can lead to fish mortality, which poses a significant threat to downstream river ecosystems. Assessing the ecological risks of TDG supersaturation is a challenge in waterpower-intensive river basins worldwide. Few studies have explored the impact of TDG supersaturation on fish behaviours, such as aggression and memory, which are crucial for feeding, reproduction, and predator avoidance. In this study, behavioural tests were conducted in a T-maze to investigate the effects of acute TDG supersaturation on swimming behaviour, aggression, and memory in medaka (Oryzias latipes). The results demonstrated that medaka exposed to TDG levels of 115% and 130% for 2 h had significantly reduced swimming performance.At TDG levels of 100%, 115% and 130%, medaka activity rates in the mirror arm of the maze in the mirror test were 44.34 ± 12.88%, 40.27 ± 15.44% and 35.35 ± 16.07%, respectively. Similarly, the activity rates of medaka in the active stimulus arm of the maze in the memory test were 50.35 ± 14.75%, 40.76 ± 12.51% and 35.35 ± 18.47%, respectively. The behaviour of medaka changed with increasing TDG supersaturation. These findings contribute to the development of an ecological risk assessment model for TDG supersaturation based on memory and aggression in fish and provide data for developing management strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of TDG supersaturation.

在洪水季节,大坝的高排水率会导致总溶解气体 (TDG) 过饱和。这种情况会造成气泡创伤,导致鱼类死亡,对下游河流生态系统构成严重威胁。评估 TDG 过饱和的生态风险是全球水力密集型流域面临的一项挑战。很少有研究探讨了 TDG 过饱和对鱼类行为的影响,如攻击性和记忆力,它们对摄食、繁殖和躲避捕食者至关重要。本研究在 T 型迷宫中进行了行为测试,以研究急性 TDG 过饱和对青鱼(Oryzias latipes)游泳行为、攻击性和记忆的影响。结果表明,将青鳉暴露在 115% 和 130% 的 TDG 水平下 2 小时后,其游泳性能明显降低。在 100%、115% 和 130% 的 TDG 水平下,青鳉在迷宫镜像臂中的镜像测试活动率分别为 44.34 ± 12.88%、40.27 ± 15.44% 和 35.35 ± 16.07%。同样,在记忆测试中,青鳉在迷宫主动刺激臂的活动率分别为(50.35 ± 14.75%)、(40.76 ± 12.51%)和(35.35 ± 18.47%)。青鳉的行为随 TDG 过饱和度的增加而变化。这些研究结果有助于建立基于鱼类记忆和攻击性的 TDG 过饱和生态风险评估模型,并为制定管理策略以减轻 TDG 过饱和的不利影响提供数据。
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引用次数: 0
Environmental resilience of the largest European public transport providers during the COVID-19 pandemic 欧洲最大公共交通提供商在 COVID-19 大流行期间的环境复原力
IF 6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-024-00996-5
Jordi Rosell

The environmental commitment of public transport authorities plays a role in addressing the challenges ahead. After the COVID-19 pandemic, we can analyze the strength of green commitments during that turbulent time. Green public procurement (GPP) is a government tool dedicated to mitigating the environmental impact of public acquisitions. These actions can be monitored as an indicator that captures efforts for green actions by organizations. GPP adoption rates among public transport suppliers are comparable across countries because they operate in the same sector and share characteristics that facilitate comparison. In this study, the largest public transport suppliers in 38 European cities are compared from 2010 to 2023. A subsample of 13,280 contract notices was employed for the public transport sector from the Tender Electronic Database and GPP adoption was found to be higher on bus vehicle acquisitions than on tramway/metro vehicle acquisitions. During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a marked GPP fall. These findings also indicate that while GPP adoption rates are higher among the 38 large public transport suppliers compared with medium and lower ones, the largest ones are not the front-runners in terms of GPP adoption. Our results suggest that environmental priorities are not as significant as one might expect.

公共交通机构的环保承诺在应对未来挑战方面发挥着作用。在 COVID-19 大流行之后,我们可以分析一下在那段动荡时期绿色承诺的力度。绿色公共采购 (GPP) 是一种政府工具,致力于减轻公共采购对环境的影响。这些行动可以作为一项指标进行监测,以反映各组织在绿色行动方面所做的努力。公共交通供应商的 GPP 采用率在各国之间具有可比性,因为它们在同一行业运营,且具有便于比较的共同特征。本研究对欧洲 38 个城市最大的公共交通供应商在 2010 年至 2023 年期间的情况进行了比较。研究采用了招标电子数据库中公共交通行业 13280 份合同通知的子样本,发现公交车辆采购中采用 GPP 的比例高于有轨电车/地铁车辆采购中采用 GPP 的比例。在 COVID-19 大流行期间,全球购买力平价明显下降。这些研究结果还表明,虽然 38 家大型公共交通供应商的 GPP 采用率高于中型和小型供应商,但在采用 GPP 方面,大型供应商并非领跑者。我们的结果表明,环境优先并不像人们预期的那样重要。
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引用次数: 0
Quantitative analysis of microplastics in Nile tilapia from a recirculating aquaculture system using pyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry 利用热解-气相色谱-质谱法对循环水产养殖系统中尼罗罗非鱼体内的微塑料进行定量分析
IF 6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-024-00987-6
Feride Öykü Sefiloglu, Marthinus Brits, Azora König Kardgar, Martin J. M. van Velzen, Emily Kaldenbach, A. Dick Vethaak, Darragh Doyle, Bethanie Carney Almroth, Marja H. Lamoree

Microplastic (MP) ingestion through fish consumption is a concern for human exposure. While the presence of plastic particles in fish tissues has been documented worldwide, information on microplastic concentrations in edible tissues, especially those smaller than 10 µm, remains scarce. Spectrometric techniques provide a complementary analytical tool to measure MP mass for human exposure studies without intrinsic size limitations; however, their application to fish analysis is limited. In this study, we utilized pyrolysis gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (Py-GC–MS) for the identification and quantification of MPs in fish muscle tissues. Two sample preparation methods, pressurized liquid extraction, and chemical digestion, were tested for compatibility with Py-GC–MS analysis. An analytical method using chemical digestion was validated for analyzing particles ≥ 0.7 µm for 4 polymer types: polypropylene, polyethylene, polystyrene, and polymethyl methacrylate. The developed method was applied to 24 adult Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) samples from a recirculating aquaculture system. MPs were detected in 42% of the samples, with an average concentration of 0.14 ± 0.32 µg/g, while high variations within subsamples were observed. Our findings reveal trace amounts of MPs in edible fish tissues from aquaculture, highlighting the potential risk of microplastic ingestion through fish consumption. This underscores the need for further risk assessments to evaluate the impact on human health and to develop appropriate mitigation measures.

Graphical Abstract

通过食用鱼类摄入微塑料 (MP) 是人类面临的一个问题。虽然世界各地都有关于鱼类组织中存在塑料微粒的记录,但有关可食用组织中微塑料浓度的信息仍然很少,尤其是那些小于 10 µm 的微塑料。光谱分析技术为人类暴露研究提供了测量 MP 质量的补充分析工具,且不受固有尺寸的限制;然而,其在鱼类分析中的应用却很有限。在这项研究中,我们利用热解气相色谱-质谱法(Py-GC-MS)对鱼类肌肉组织中的 MPs 进行了鉴定和定量。我们测试了加压液体萃取和化学消解两种样品制备方法与 Py-GC-MS 分析的兼容性。使用化学消解的分析方法对聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚苯乙烯和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯这 4 种聚合物中≥ 0.7 µm 的颗粒进行了分析验证。所开发的方法适用于循环水产养殖系统中的 24 份尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)成鱼样本。在 42% 的样本中检测到了 MPs,平均浓度为 0.14 ± 0.32 µg/g,同时观察到子样本内的差异很大。我们的研究结果表明,在水产养殖的可食用鱼类组织中存在微量 MPs,这凸显了通过食用鱼类摄入微塑料的潜在风险。这凸显了进一步开展风险评估的必要性,以评估微塑料对人类健康的影响并制定适当的缓解措施。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of spatial and temporal evolution and driving factors of carbon emission in Shandong Province: based on the perspective of land use 基于土地利用视角的山东省碳排放时空演变及驱动因素分析
IF 6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-024-01000-w
Jiahui Wu, Kongqing Li

Land use/cover change is the second major contributor to carbon emissions, following energy emissions. Studying provincial land-use carbon emissions is crucial for achieving the “double carbon” goal. This study selects 16 prefecture-level cities in Shandong Province as the research object. It analyzes the spatial and temporal distribution pattern of carbon emissions in Shandong Province based on land-use data and energy consumption. In terms of net carbon emissions, this study utilizes the standard deviation ellipse and kernel density estimation to analyze net carbon emissions change from the municipal and regional perspectives. In terms of carbon ecological carrying capacity, not only the carbon ecological carrying capacity of forest and grassland was considered, but also the carbon ecological carrying capacity of crops in Shandong Province, which is a large grain province. Using the geographic detector to explore the drivers. Research findings indicate that carbon sources and sinks show a clear spatial and temporal distribution pattern, with the center of gravity of net carbon emissions extending to the northeast. Areas with high carbon ecological carrying capacity have high forest coverage, grassland coverage, and crop yields. Regarding driving factors, the urbanization rate, economic aggregate, and technological progress demonstrate significant explanatory power through single and interaction tests, suggesting that these factors are critical drivers of land-use carbon emissions within Shandong Province. Based on the spatiotemporal pattern analysis of land-use carbon emissions in Shandong Province, each city's growth rate and spatial distribution characteristics can be clarified, providing a scientific basis for the local government to formulate regional and differentiated emission-reduction policies. In addition, by exploring the driving factors of land-use carbon emissions in Shandong Province, the influence level of factors on carbon emissions can be revealed to provide references for formulating regional sustainable development strategies.

土地利用/覆盖变化是继能源排放之后的第二大碳排放源。研究省级土地利用碳排放对实现 "双碳 "目标至关重要。本研究选取山东省 16 个地级市作为研究对象。根据土地利用数据和能源消耗情况,分析山东省碳排放的时空分布格局。在碳净排放量方面,本研究利用标准偏差椭圆和核密度估计,从市域和区域角度分析碳净排放量的变化。在碳生态承载力方面,不仅考虑了森林和草地的碳生态承载力,还考虑了粮食大省山东省农作物的碳生态承载力。利用地理探测器探究驱动因素。研究结果表明,碳源和碳汇呈现明显的时空分布格局,碳净排放重心向东北延伸。碳生态承载力高的地区,森林覆盖率、草地覆盖率和农作物产量都较高。在驱动因素方面,城镇化率、经济总量和技术进步通过单一检验和交互检验显示出显著的解释力,表明这些因素是山东省土地利用碳排放的关键驱动因素。基于山东省土地利用碳排放的时空格局分析,可以明确各城市的碳排放增长率和空间分布特征,为地方政府制定区域性、差异化的减排政策提供科学依据。此外,通过探究山东省土地利用碳排放的驱动因素,可以揭示各因素对碳排放的影响程度,为制定区域可持续发展战略提供参考。
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引用次数: 0
Testing microbial pest control products in bees, a comparative study on different bee species and their interaction with two representative microorganisms 在蜜蜂中测试微生物害虫控制产品,对不同种类蜜蜂及其与两种代表性微生物相互作用的比较研究
IF 6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-29 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-024-00994-7
Karoline Wueppenhorst, Kevin Nack, Silvio Erler, Jens Pistorius, Abdulrahim T. Alkassab

Background

The evaluation of the impact of pesticides on non-target species, like bees, is a crucial factor in registration procedures. Therefore, standardized test procedures have been developed on OECD level assessing the effects of chemicals on honey bees or bumble bees. Unfortunately, these protocols cannot directly be adapted for testing products that contain microorganisms. Interest in the use of microorganisms has increased in recent years due to their specificity to target species while not harming non-target organisms. This study aimed to evaluate optimal conditions to assess the effects of microbial plant protection products on bee species according to currently available test protocols. Some of the most commonly used microorganisms for plant protection, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies aizawai (B. t. a. ABTS 1857) and Beauveria bassiana (B. b. ATCC 74040) were tested on Apis mellifera, Bombus terrestris, and Osmia bicornis at different temperatures (18, 26, 33 °C) under laboratory conditions.

Results

Exposure to the product containing B. t. a. ABTS 1857 resulted in higher mortality compared to B. b. ATCC 74040 in all tested bee species. A temperature-dependent effect towards higher mortality at higher temperatures of 26 °C or 33 °C was observed in O. bicornis exposed to both microorganisms. A. mellifera showed variable responses, but for B. terrestris there was mostly no effect of temperature when exposed to microorganisms in high concentrations. However, temperature affected longevity of bee species in the non-exposed control group. A. mellifera mortality increased with decreasing temperatures, while B. terrestris and O. bicornis mortality increased with increasing temperatures. A test duration of 15 or 20 days was found to be suitable for testing these microorganisms.

Conclusion

In conclusion, 26 °C should be considered the worst-case scenario for testing B. bassiana on all tested bee species. For testing B. thuringiensis, a temperature of 33 °C is recommended for A. mellifera, whereas B. terrestris and O. bicornis should be tested at 26 °C.

背景评估农药对蜜蜂等非目标物种的影响是登记程序中的一个关键因素。因此,经合组织(OECD)制定了标准化测试程序,评估化学品对蜜蜂或大黄蜂的影响。遗憾的是,这些规程不能直接用于测试含有微生物的产品。近年来,由于微生物对目标物种具有特异性,同时不会对非目标生物造成伤害,因此人们对使用微生物的兴趣与日俱增。本研究旨在根据目前可用的测试协议,评估微生物植保产品对蜜蜂物种影响的最佳条件。一些最常用的植物保护微生物,苏云金芽孢杆菌亚种 aizawai(B. t. a. ABTS 1857)和巴氏杆菌 Beauveria bassiana(B. b. ATCC 74040)进行了测试。ATCC74040)在不同温度(18、26、33 °C)下对蜜蜂(Apis mellifera)、土蜂(Bombus terrestris)和茭白(Osmia bicornis)进行了测试。在 26 °C 或 33 °C 的较高温度下,暴露于这两种微生物的 O. bicornis 死亡率较高。A. mellifera 的反应不一,但 B. terrestris 在接触高浓度微生物时大多不受温度影响。然而,温度影响了未接触对照组蜜蜂物种的寿命。A. mellifera 的死亡率随着温度的降低而增加,而 B. terrestris 和 O. bicornis 的死亡率则随着温度的升高而增加。总之,在对所有受试蜂种进行 B. bassiana 试验时,应将 26 °C 视为最坏的情况。在测试苏云金杆菌时,建议对 A. mellifera 在 33 °C 的温度下进行测试,而对 B. terrestris 和 O. bicornis 则应在 26 °C 的温度下进行测试。
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引用次数: 0
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Environmental Sciences Europe
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