Nutrition and Cancer-An International Journal最新文献

It is critical to screen and assess malnutrition in cancer patients early. However, there is no uniform standard for nutritional risk screening and malnutrition assessment. We aimed to analyze the effects of the Nutrition Risk Screening 2002 (NRS2002) in screening for nutritional risk among adult cancer patients, using the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) as the reference standard. A systematic search was performed using PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database, and China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP). Studies comparing NRS2002 with PG-SGA in adult cancer patients were included. To assess the quality of the included studies, the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 (QUADAS-2) was used. The combined sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) were calculated. In addition, sensitivity, subgroup, and publication bias analyses were performed. Thirteen articles involving 3,373 participants were included. The combined sensitivity, specificity, DOR, and AUC were 0.62 (95% CI, 0.60-0.64), 0.86 (95% CI, 0.84-0.88), 11.23 (95% CI, 8.26-15.27), and 0.85 (95% CI, 0.82-0.88), respectively. For adult cancer patients, NRS2002 has moderate sensitivity, high specificity, and high AUC in screening for nutritional risk.

Objectives: This study investigates the role of Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) in immune infiltration modulation through amino acid metabolism in gastric adenocarcinoma (STAD). Methods: Utilizing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and validated with clinical samples, we analyzed NNMT expression and its prognostic implications in STAD. Differential amino acid profiles between cancerous and adjacent normal tissues were assessed, along with their associations with NNMT. Results: NNMT exhibits heightened expression in STAD cancer tissues, positively correlating with tumor immune infiltration. Additionally, twenty-eight amino acids display differential expression in gastric tissue, with their metabolic enzymes showing connections to NNMT. Conclusions: Elevated NNMT expression in STAD tissues potentially influences amino acid metabolism, thereby affecting immune infiltration dynamics and tumorigenesis in gastric adenocarcinoma.

Sarcopenia in cancer patients often negatively impacts various outcomes. Carboplatin, a first-line chemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), is dosed based on body weight, which doesn't account for sarcopenia. This study evaluated the association between sarcopenia and carboplatin-related toxicity in NSCLC patients. Patients with locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC treated with carboplatin were included. Toxicity events during the first two cycles of treatment were recorded. Sarcopenia was assessed using pretreatment computed tomography scans analyzed with Slice-O-Matic V4.2 software, defining sarcopenia as a skeletal muscle index (SMI) of <52.4 cm²/m² for men and <38.5 cm²/m² for women. Among 146 patients, 52% had sarcopenia. Hematological toxicity occurred in 71.2% of all patients and 77.6% of those with sarcopenia. The fat-free mass index (FFMI) was independently associated with hematological toxicity and dose-limiting toxicity (DLT), which was observed in 55.5% of patients. Sarcopenia significantly correlates with hematological toxicity and DLT during carboplatin treatment in NSCLC patients. Given its prevalence and noninvasive detection, further research is needed to understand its impact on treatment outcomes.

Dietary fiber and phytonutrients can protect against colorectal cancer, yet their consumption is low in the US. Avocados are a potential source of these beneficial nutrients. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the relationship between avocados/guacamole consumption and colorectal cancer risk in the Multiethnic Cohort Study. We assessed avocados/guacamole consumption by using a food frequency questionnaire. We classified participants into three consumer groups: <1 serving/month, 1-3 servings/month, and ≥1 serving/week with one serving defined as ½ avocado or ½ cup. Colorectal cancer cases were ascertained through the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program cancer registries. Cox proportional hazards models of colorectal cancer were used to calculate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals across avocados/guacamole intake groups in each sex overall and by anatomic subsite (i.e., right colon, left colon, and rectum) and race and ethnicity. Of 192,651 eligible participants, 62.8% reported consuming <1 serving/month avocados/guacamole, 26.7% reported 1-3 servings/month, and 10.5% reported ≥1 serving/week. When adjusted for relevant covariates, there was no significant association with incident colorectal cancer overall, for subsites, or within racial and ethnic subgroups (all p for trend ≥ 0.06). In this large prospective cohort study, we did not find that consumption of avocados/guacamole was associated with colorectal cancer risk.

We aimed to examine the association between dietary isoflavone intake and the risk of breast cancer recurrence and summarize evidence on the role of dietary isoflavone intake in breast cancer prognosis. This prospective study included 592 breast cancer survivors who completed a dietary assessment. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models. Of the studies published until May 31, 2023, that were searched in PUBMED and EMBASE databases, 14 studies were selected. Adjusted HRs were combined using fixed- or random-effects models. During the median follow-up of 4.3 years, 47 recurrences were identified. The HR (95% CI) for recurrence comparing the highest versus the lowest tertile of isoflavones intake was 1.29 (0.60-2.78). In a meta-analysis of previously published data and ours, dietary isoflavone intake was associated with a better breast cancer prognosis. The combined HRs (95% CIs) comparing the extreme categories were 0.81 (0.67-0.98) for recurrence and 0.85 (0.76-0.96) for all-cause mortality. A nonlinear inverse association was observed between isoflavone intake and the risk of recurrence and all-cause mortality. Our study suggests that dietary isoflavone intake is associated with a favorable prognosis in breast cancer survivors and warrants further investigation.

This study aims to determine the prognostic value of preoperative Naples prognostic score (NPS) on survival outcomes in upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) patients after radical nephroureterectomy (RNU). We conducted a retrospective study about UTUC patients at West China Hospital from January 2015 to June 2019. The X-Tile program was used to identify the optimal cutoff value of NPS. Overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were the endpoints of interest. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to estimate survival and Cox proportional hazard model was used for risk assessment. A total of 237 UTUC patients after RNU were identified and the threshold of NPS was determined to be 2. Preoperative high-NPS was associated with inferior OS (p = 0.004), CSS (p = 0.002) and PFS (p = 0.008), especially in locally advanced UTUC patients. Preoperative NPS was an independent predictor for OS (HR: 1.78; 95% CI: 1.08, 2.93), CSS (HR: 1.87; 95% CI: 1.11, 3.14) and PFS (HR: 1.60; 95% CI: 1.02, 2.50). The addition of NPS into the predictive model consisting of predictors from multivariate Cox regression resulted in better prediction performance. Preoperative NPS was a novel and reliable predictor for survival in UTUC patients after RNU, and should be further explored.

Until now, no study evaluated the impact of optimum intake of omega-3 fatty acids on inflammatory factors. We aimed to investigate the dose-dependent effects of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation on inflammatory factors in cancer patients. PubMed, Scopus and ISI Web of Science were searched until July 2022 to find randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for examining the efficacy of omega-3 fatty acids on inflammatory factors. Our primary outcomes were interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP), and albumin. The results of 33 trials (2068 participants) revealed that each 1 g/day omega-3 fatty acids (oral/enteral) significantly reduced IL-6 (SMD: -1.17 pg/ml; 95% CI: -1.78, -0.55; p < 0.001; GRADE = moderate), and TNF-α (SMD: -2.15 pg/ml; 95% CI: -3.14, -1.16; p < 0.001; GRADE = very low). Moreover, each 0.5 g/kg/day omega-3 fatty acids (parenteral) significantly reduced TNF-α (SMD: -1.11 pg/ml; 95% CI: -2.02, -0.19; p = 0.017; GRADE = low). With moderate and very low evidence certainty, each 1 g/day of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation (oral/enteral) has a beneficial effect on IL-6 and TNF-α. Each 0.5 g/kg/day omega-3 fatty acids (parenteral) could also exert a favorable impact on TNF-α, but the certainty of the evidence was low.

Idebenone, a mitochondrial regulator, has exhibited anti-cancer activity in neurogenic and prostate tumor cells; however, its efficacy and specific targets in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remain unclear. This study aims to evaluate the potential of Idebenone as a therapeutic agent for TNBC. TNBC cell lines and Xenograft mouse models were used to assess the effect of Idebenone on TNBC both in vitro and in vivo. To investigate the underlying mechanism of Idebenone's effect on TNBC, cell viability assay, transwell invasion assay, cell cycle analysis, apoptosis assay, mitochondrial membrane potential assay, immunofluorescence staining, and transcriptome sequencing were utilized. The results showed that Idebenone impeded the proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion of TNBC cells, suppressed apoptosis, and halted the cell cycle in the G2/M phase. The inhibitory effect of Idebenone on TNBC was associated with the GADD45/CyclinB/CDK1 signaling pathway. By disrupting the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and promoting mitophagy, Idebenone promoted cell autophagy through the AMPK/mTOR pathway, thus further suppressing the proliferation of TNBC cells. Furthermore, we found that Idebenone inhibited the development of TNBC in vivo. In conclusion, Idebenone may be a promising therapeutic option for TNBC as it is capable of inducing autophagy and apoptosis.

We aimed to explore the association between the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and all-cause and cancer-specific mortality in 2,463 adult patients with cancer from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2018. We linked mortality data from the survey to the National Death Index records up to December 31, 2019. During a median follow-up period of 70 months, 567 patients died, of whom 194 died due to cancer. Multivariate adjustment was performed for demographic characteristics, lifestyle, dietary factors, 25-hydroxyvitamin D testing period, and cancer site. Higher serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations up to 75 nmol/L significantly reduced the risk of all-cause and cancer-specific mortality. When 25-hydroxyvitamin D quartiles were compared, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios were 0.59 (95% confidence interval: 0.42, 0.84) for all-cause mortality (P for trend <0.001) and 0.48 (95% confidence interval: 0.29, 0.79) for cancer-specific mortality (P for trend = 0.037) in quartile 3 (79.3-99.2 nmol/L). A threshold of 75 nmol/L for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D may represent an intervention target to reduce mortalities in patients with cancer, and maintaining 25(OH)D concentrations within range (79.3-99.2 nmol/L) is beneficial for reducing all-cause and cancer-specific mortality.

Cervical cancer (CC) is a common gynecological malignancy, and improving cisplatin sensitivity has become a hot topic in CC chemotherapy research. Polyphyllin I (PPI), a potent bioactive compound found in Rhizoma Paridis, known for its anticancer properties, remains underexplored in CC resistance. In this study, we evaluated PPI's impact on cisplatin-resistant CC cells and elucidated its underlying mechanism. Our findings reveal that PPI enhances the sensitivity of cisplatin-resistant CC cells to the drug, promotes apoptosis, and inhibits cell migration. Mechanistically, PPI was found to regulate p53 expression and its target genes, and suppressing p53 expression reverses PPI's sensitizing effect in drug-resistant CC cells. In conclusion, PPI showed promise in sensitizing cisplatin-resistant human CC cells to cisplatin treatment, suggesting that it could serve as a potent adjunct therapy for cervical cancer, particularly for cases that have developed resistance to cisplatin, thereby providing a promising basis for further clinical investigation into PPI for enhancing the efficacy of existing chemotherapy regimens in resistant cervical cancer.