Nutrition and Cancer-An International Journal最新文献

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a prevalent malignancy affecting men worldwide, and plant-based diets have been widely advocated for their health benefits. The aim of this study was to test the association between general, healthy, and unhealthy pro-vegetarian plant-based diets and PCa severity on 118 consecutive patients undergoing prostatectomy in a university hospital in Italy. Food frequency questionnaires were used to calculate scores for dietary patterns. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to test the associations. A general plant-based diet was not associated with cancer severity, while patients reporting a higher adherence to a healthy plant-based diet were less likely to have a more severe PCa (for medium/high vs. low-risk PCa, OR = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.88; for high vs. medium/low-risk PCa, OR = 0.09, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.39). Patients resulting in higher adherence to an unhealthy plant-based diet were more likely to be diagnosed with more severe PCa (OR = 6.15, 95% CI: 1.70, 22.24). In conclusion, plant-based dietary patterns may have a different impact on PCa severity depending on the quality of the foods included.

This study investigates the impact of Body Mass Index (BMI) on Quality of Life (QoL) and treatment outcomes in breast cancer (BC) patients, particularly focusing on underweight individuals with compromised nutritional status. A nonrandomized prospective study comprising 121 newly diagnosed patients across various BMI categories utilized FACT-B & FACIT-Sp-12 questionnaires. Follow-ups occurred at baseline, during (3rd and 6th), and after (12th month) anthracycline-taxane chemotherapy, either sequentially or concomitantly. Patients with low BMI (<18.5 kg/m²; 53.7%) exhibited significantly poorer QoL, marked by compromised nutritional indicators (low MUAC and SFT). Repeated measures ANOVA identified significant correlations between BMI groups in functional, social, and emotional QoL aspects (p < 0.05), with no notable differences in other domains. A Chi-square (ꭓ2) test underscored a significant link between BMI and treatment response (p < 0.0001), showing higher rates of non-responders among underweight patients (p = 4.259e^-14). The study advocates pretreatment consultation with a dietitian as standard care for Indian BC patients, offering complimentary nutritional support for improved QoL outcomes and treatment responses.

Introduction: Pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplantation requires individualized nutritional therapy, and the use of early enteral nutrition is beneficial. This study aims to analyze the use of enteral nutrition therapy in pediatric patients undergoing autologous transplantation. Methods: This is a descriptive cohort study conducted with data from electronic medical records of pediatric patients undergoing autologous transplantation from 2017 to 2022, using enteral nutrition. Nutritional and clinical variables and biochemical markers were assessed at four time points: day 0, day +5, day +10 and day +15. Results: The sample consisted of 50 patients. On average, the nasoenteral tube was inserted on D-4 and the enteral feeding started on D-3. On D0, most patients used a normocaloric polymeric enteral formula, but on D + 10, when diarrhea (p = 0.017) and mucositis (p < 0.001) worsened, the most commonly used enteral formula was a hypocaloric pediatric semi-elemental formula. On D + 15, 35% of patients were receiving parenteral nutrition. At discharge, the patient's nutritional status had worsened compared to admission (p < 0.001). Discussion: Early use of enteral nutrition was observed, as adopted in other transplant centers and recommended in the literature. Protocols and guidelines are needed to support enteral nutritional therapy in pediatric transplantation.

Impaired vitamin D status is highly prevalent among women with UFs. The objective of this first-ever systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarize the effect of vitamin D supplementation on the size of uterine fibroids (UFs). We performed a comprehensive literature search for published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from inception to September 2022. Five trials including 511 participants (256 cases and 255 controls) were included. Pooling results from five trials, which compared size of UFs between experimental and placebo groups, revealed that vitamin D supplementation could significantly decrease the size of UFs (standardized mean difference [SMD]: -0.48, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.66, -0.31) and cause improvement in serum level of vitamin D compared to placebo group (SMD: 3.1, 95% CI: 0.66, 5.55). A significant effect was observed in the subset of trials administering vitamin D supplementation for >8 wk (SMD: -0.62, 95% CI: -0.88, -0.37). In conclusion, vitamin D supplementation significantly increases serum levels of vitamin D and reduces the size of UFs. However, larger, well-designed RCTs are still needed to determine the effect of vitamin D on other parameters of UFs.

Abdominal adiposity is associated with tumor development and poor clinical outcomes in breast cancer (BC) and can be identified by the measurement of waist circumference (WC) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT). This study aimed to evaluate the association between waist circumference (WC) and imaging measurement of central adiposity according to age group in women with BC. Abdominal adiposity was assessed by WC and VAT, obtained by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Body mass index (BMI) was assessed. The presence of inflammation was investigated by measuring C-Reactive Protein (CRP) levels. Multivariate linear regression models were applied to verify the association between WC and VAT. The significance level adopted for all tests was 5%. This study included 112 women with a mean age of 55.5 ± 11.4 years. After adjusted models, WC remained associated with VAT and for every centimeter increase in WC, there was an increase of 3.12 cm² (CI: 2.40 - 3.85; p < 0.001) in VAT. WC was associated with VAT in women with breast cancer, proving to be a simple, fast, and noninvasive approach that can be used as a proxy to identify visceral fat.

A cross-sectional analysis explored nutritional intakes and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms among esophagogastric cancer survivors up to 12, 13-36, and 37+ months post-surgery. Participants were identified from the Upper GI Cancer Registry at St James' Hospital, Ireland. The Short Nutritional Assessment Questionnaire, European Prospective Investigation of Cancer Food Frequency Questionnaire, World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) Score, and Gastrointestinal Symptoms Rating Scale assessed malnutrition risk, nutritional intake, adherence to (secondary) cancer prevention recommendations, and GI symptoms, respectively. Most (82.5%, n33) participants (n40) were male. Mean age was 65.5 ± 9.3 years. Time post-surgery ranged from 6-62 months. Half (50.0%, n20) had a BMI in the healthy range. A quarter (27.5%, n11) were at risk of malnutrition. Intakes of meat and meat products exceeded recommendations and intakes of fruits, vegetables, and fiber were below recommendations, with no significant between-group differences. The mean WCRF/AICR score was 3.6 ± 1.1, indicating adherence to 3.6 of 7 cancer prevention recommendations. It was not significantly different between subgroups. Minor to mild GI discomfort was reported, with no significant between-group differences in symptoms. As rates of long-term survivorship continue to increase, survivors must be supported to sustain behaviors that enhance quality of life and reduce secondary cancer risk.

Vitamin B12 plays a role in DNA methylation, influencing the 1-carbon cycle; However, its effect on colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality remains uncertain. This study assessed the relationship between vitamin B12 intake and all-cause and cancer-specific mortality among CRC patients. We analyzed data from the NHANES from 1999 to 2018, using multivariable Cox regression, competing risk model, Kaplan-Meier survival curves, and stratified analysis with interaction effects. The studied involved 4,554 cancer patients (mean age 65.8 years, 47.6% males). Results from multivariate Cox regression indicated that each additional 1 mcg/day of dietary vitamin B12 independently increased the risk of all-cause (HR, 1.07; 95% CI: 1.04-1.09, p < 0.001) and cancer-specific mortality (HR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.02-1.06; p < 0.001). Kaplan-Meier curves indicated a higher risk of all-cause mortality with increased vitamin B12 intake (Log rank p = 0.01). Subgroup analysis suggested that higher vitamin B12 intake correlated with increased all-cause mortality risk, especially in individuals with higher protein (HR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.02-1.06; p = 0.019) or carbohydrate intake (HR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01-1.05; p = 0.04). Thus, higher vitamin B12 intake correlates with increased all-cause and cancer-specific mortality in CRC patients, particularly those with higher protein or carbohydrate intake.

This study aims to assess early effects of chemotherapy on symptom alleviation, nutritional status, and mental health in elderly patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This prospective study included 45 NSCLC patients (32 males, 13 females) aged 65-82 years (mean age 70.0 ± 4.5 years) with good performance status. Assessments were conducted immediately after diagnosis and after two chemotherapy cycles, focusing on nutritional status (assessed with MNA questionnaire), quality of life (QoL, based on FACT-L and FACT-TOI questionnaires), lung cancer-related symptoms (based on LCSS), and mental health (based on PHQ-9 questionnaire). Despite significant alleviation of symptoms like cough, dyspnea, and body weight loss, there was no significant correlation between changes in symptoms burden and changes in nutritional status (r² = 0.122, P = 0.427), and change of patients' mental condition (r² = -0.141, P = 0.255). No significant QoL changes were noted, but a decrease in severe depression frequency was observed. The improvement of patients' mental condition was related strictly to the improvement of nutritional status (r² = -0.589, P < 0.001). The study highlights the vital link between nutritional status and mental health in elderly NSCLC patients, emphasizing the need for integrated care approaches that address both aspects to enhance treatment effectiveness and patient well-being.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common childhood cancer in the world. Doxorubicin (Dox) is a very useful drug in these patients, however, one of the main adverse effects caused by the use of Dox is cardiotoxicity (CT). Protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM) is a factor that, among others, can influence the development of CT due to Dox. The aim of our study was to associate PCM as a risk factor for CT induced by Dox in Mexican children with ALL. We included 89 children with ALL who were treated with Dox, from October 2018 to July 2023, and of whom 14 developed some type of CT, 15 were underweight and 3 were overweight. The analysis of the association risk of CT due to PCM shows a statistically significant association of risk of developing CT due to PCM. On the other hand, healthy weight was associated with protection for developing CT due to Dox use. Of the total number of girls who presented CT, all had systolic dysfunction, while 6 of them also had diastolic dysfunction. On the other hand, of the total number of boys who presented CT, all of them had systolic dysfunction and only one of them also had diastolic dysfunction. These results show that in patients in which Dox is being administered, special attention is suggested for girls with PCM, since systolic failure is a precursor and occurs before diastolic failure in girls with PCM.

Leukemia is a heterogeneous clonal cancer that affects millions of individuals around the world. Despite substantial breakthroughs in cancer treatment, traditional chemotherapy and radiotherapy remain ineffective, and therapeutic resistance still stands as a big obstacle. As a result, there is an increasing attention being paid currently toward the potency of natural compounds as a complementary or alternative therapy for leukemia. Autophagy, a conserved cellular process where damaged or defective cytosolic components and macromolecules are destroyed and recycled, plays a dual role in promoting or suppressing the continuance of cancer at different junctures of its development. Current studies have reported that autophagy has a cardinal function in the genesis and progression of leukemia, making it a promising target for novel treatments. In this review, we have explored the effectiveness of certain natural compounds, such as curcumin, resveratrol, tanshinone IIA, quercetin, tetrandrine, parthenolide, berberine, pristimerin, and alantolactone, that modulate autophagy and regulate its associated signaling cascades at a molecular level in different types of leukemia. They have been shown to have synergistic effects with conventional chemotherapy, emphasizing their potential as supplementary medicines. However, additional research is required to fully comprehend their mechanisms of action and to maximize their role in clinical perspectives.