Nutrition and Cancer-An International Journal最新文献

Malnutrition, including undernutrition and overnutrition, affects survival, treatment response, and quality of life in children with cancer. However, its prevalence, trajectory, and clinical impact remain underexplored. This non-randomized pilot feasibility study evaluated the feasibility of comprehensive nutritional data collection and documented nutritional status from diagnosis through treatment in 38 children (<18 years) with pediatric cancer or Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis in New Zealand (June 2022-September 2023). Anthropometric, biochemical, and clinical data were collected at diagnosis and four follow-up points. Micronutrient abnormalities, including excesses and deficiencies, were highly prevalent, peaking at 3 months post-diagnosis (95%) and declining by month 12 (55%). Patients experienced reduced linear growth (p = .013) and increasing BMI over time (p = .03). Micronutrient status was significantly associated with malnutrition risk scores (SCAN and STRONGkids; p < .001), BMI-for-age z-scores, and weight status (BMI-for-age percentiles). Treatment complications were associated with micronutrient status (p < .001), weight status (p = .016), and malnutrition risk scores (p < .001). Nutritional challenges in pediatric cancer extend beyond weight changes to include micronutrient imbalances and clinical consequences. Routine nutritional assessment and targeted interventions, such as dietary optimization, micronutrient supplementation, and physical activity programs, are essential to improving treatment tolerance, recovery, and long-term health outcomes.

Background and aims: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally. The potential benefits of vitamin K (VK) supplementation for patients with HCC remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of VK supplementation on clinical outcomes in patients undergoing HCC treatment.

Methods: A systematic search across Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science databases identified relevant studies. Pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) assessed treatment group differences in binary outcomes. Heterogeneity was evaluated using I² statistics. Analyses were performed using R (version 4.2.3).

Results: Eleven studies encompassing 1,030 patients were included. VK supplementation significantly reduced disease recurrence (DR) compared to control at 1 year (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.32-0.97; p = 0.039), 2 years (OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.35-0.77; p = 0.001), and 3 years (OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.25-0.67; p = 0.000). Additionally, VK supplementation significantly decreased mortality at 1 year (OR 0.20, 95% CI 0.07-0.60; p = 0.004), 2 years (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.18-0.82; p = 0.014), and 3 years (OR 0.37, 95% CI 0.21-0.66; p = 0.001). Notably, no significant difference in adverse events was observed between VK and control groups (OR 3.56, 95% CI 0.06-198.66; p = 0.536).

Conclusion: This study suggests substantial benefits associated with VK supplementation in HCC patients, particularly in reducing DR and mortality across one, two, and three years. Importantly, these improvements were achieved without a significant increase in adverse events, indicating good tolerability of VK supplementation in this population.

Sarcopenia, malnutrition, and frailty frequently coexist in older adults with cancer, adversely affecting treatment tolerance, functional independence, and survival. While comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) is the gold standard for frailty evaluation, its resource-intensive nature limits routine use, and simple tools are needed. This cross-sectional study included 291 patients aged ≥70 years with histologically confirmed cancer, evaluated at a oncology outpatient clinic between January and November 2024. Sarcopenia was defined according to EWGSOP2 criteria: handgrip strength (HGS) and skeletal muscle index (SMI) by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Nutritional status was assessed with the Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form (MNA-SF), and frailty was defined as G8 ≤ 14. Additional measures included SARC-F, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and Geriatric Depression Scale. The median age was 74 years, and 53% were male. Possible sarcopenia was identified in 39.5%, confirmed sarcopenia in 33.7%, severe sarcopenia in 26.8%. Nutritional risk was observed in 66.7%, and frailty in 44.7%. Frailty correlated strongly with nutritional status and moderately with muscle strength and mass. In multivariable analysis, low HGS, low SMI, nutritional risk, and depression independently predicted frailty. ROC analysis showed, G8 with HGS and nutritional assessment improved predictive accuracy. These findings highlight that simple measures enhance frailty detection and may support personalized care.

To analyze factors influencing iodine-131 (I-131) treatment efficacy in differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). This retrospective study classified 299 patients with DTC into medium-low-risk and high-risk groups, assessing clinical data (preoperative stimulated thyroglobulin [ps-Tg], urinary iodine, gender, T stage, diet). Patients followed normal or iodine-restricted diets. Statistical analyses included t-tests, chi-squared tests and logistic regression. Medium-low risk and higher ps-Tg levels and urinary iodine concentrations correlated with less favorable outcomes (p < 0.001). High-risk patients showed significant differences in gender, T stage and ps-Tg level (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis identified risk level, T stage and ps-Tg level as key prognostic factors (p < 0.001), with urinary iodine concentration having a minor effect (p = 0.003). Risk stratification, T stage and ps-Tg level were the primary prognostic determinants. Dietary interventions showed different effects in different risk-stratified patients, requiring individualized consideration. These findings emphasize the importance of comprehensive assessment in DTC management.

Malnutrition commonly occurs in patients with esophageal cancer (EC) and head and neck cancers (HNCs), adversely affecting clinical outcomes. The comparative effectiveness of nutritional screening tools in predicting prolonged length of stay (PLOS) and intensive care unit (ICU) admission in this population remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the effectiveness of various nutritional screening techniques in predicting the hospital and ICU LOS of patients with HNCs/EC. We retrospectively analyzed the data of 374 patients aged ≥18 years with EC/HNC who underwent first-time surgery between January 2013 and December 2023. Nutritional status was assessed using the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST), Controlling Nutritional Status (COUNT), Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI), and Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI). Patients were classified into low-risk and high-to-moderate-risk groups. The outcomes included ICU stay >2 days and PLOS (>16 days). The COUNT, GNRI, and PNI were significantly associated with ICU stays >2 days and PLOS. The PNI had the highest predictive accuracy (ICU >2 days: adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 8.44; area under the ROC curve [AUC-ROC] = 0.864; PLOS: aOR = 6.39; AUC-ROC = 0.859). The PNI, COUNT, and GNRI effectively predicted ICU stay and PLOS among surgical patients with EC and HNC.

Foods that are industrially created and/or heavily manipulated in the manufacturing process are conceptualized as ultra processed foods (UPFs), reflecting an emerging dietary target for chronic disease prevention. This scoping review provides updated evidence on associations between UPF consumption and cancer risk and identifies potential carcinogenic properties within UPFs, highlighting implications for food policies, Registered Dietitian Nutritionists (RDNs) and other healthcare professionals. Using the PubMed and Scopus databases, a comprehensive search was conducted (2010-2025). Eligible articles were required to be peer reviewed, published in English, observational in design, utilize the NOVA classification system, and examine cancer incidence. A total of 23 articles were included, and 15 reported a positive association between UPF intake and cancer incidence. This appeared more pronounced when cancer was considered one of many chronic diseases, and factoring in subgroup analyses within larger populations. Sugar-sweetened beverages and ultra-processed meats were isolated UPFs associated with higher cancer risk, allowing RDNs and other healthcare practitioners tangible dietary targets to impact cancer risk. Given the collective evidence, significant investment is needed in methodologies to comprehensively and reliably classify UPFs and to integrate UPFs into public health nutrition campaigns, dietary guidelines and food labels promoting a better food environment for all.