Nutrition and Cancer-An International Journal最新文献

This study evaluates the combined effects of psychological intervention and enhanced nutritional support on the recovery outcomes of postoperative gastric cancer patients. A total of 290 postoperative gastric cancer patients were randomly assigned to an intervention group (145 patients) or a control group (145 patients). Assessments were conducted on nutritional status, sleep quality (PSQI), pain management (VAS), and quality of life (EORTC QLQ-C30). The intervention group demonstrated significant improvements in nutritional status, sleep quality, pain relief, and quality of life compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Specifically, serum albumin, total protein, prealbumin, transferrin, collagen levels, body weight, and the PSQI score all showed significant positive changes (p < 0.05). Psychological intervention combined with enhanced nutritional support significantly improves postoperative recovery, enhancing nutritional status, sleep quality, pain management, and overall quality of life in gastric cancer patients.

The Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) is a valuable tool to assess nutritional status in older adults, but its association with gastrointestinal (GI) cancer risk remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between GNRI and GI cancer risk in the elderly population. Data from 18,889 participants aged 60 and older were analyzed from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 1999-2020. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the association between GNRI and GI cancer risk, adjusting for confounding factors including age, sex, race, education, poverty-income ratio (PIR), smoking status, alcohol drinking, hypertension, and diabetes. Potential non-linear relationships were explored using generalized additive models, smooth curve fitting, and piece-wise regression analysis. A significant negative association was observed between GNRI and GI cancer risk (p = 0.005), after fully adjusting for confounders. Participants in the third quartile of GNRI had a 35% lower risk of GI cancers compared to those in the lowest quartile (p = 0.010). Piece-wise regression analysis identified a GNRI threshold of 95.25. These findings provide evidence that elevated GNRI is remarkably associated with reduced GI cancer risk among geriatric individuals.

Background: Malnutrition is common among patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and may diminish the survival benefits of immunotherapy. We aimed to evaluate the association between nutritional status-assessed using the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) at initiation of first-line therapy and overall survival in patients with advanced NSCLC receiving immunotherapy.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using an administrative claims database. Patients aged ≥18 years who received first-line immunotherapy for newly diagnosed advanced NSCLC between December 2016 and December 2024 were included. GNRI was calculated using the laboratory and anthropometric data closest (within 3 months) to treatment initiation. To examine whether the GNRI modifies the association between immunotherapy as a first-line therapy and overall survival in patients with advanced NSCLC, we used nonlinear multivariable Cox proportional hazards regressions.

Results: Among 2461 patients (mean (SD) age: 70.85 (8.97) years; 81% males), the mean (SD) GNRI was 93.20 (12.93). Using GNRI 100 as the reference, lower GNRI values conferred progressively higher risks of death.

Conclusion: Routine nutritional screening using GNRI and proactive interventions to maintain a GNRI ≥ 100, may improve overall survival in patients with advanced NSCLC receiving immunotherapy.

Background: Accumulating evidence demonstrated that low body mass index (BMI) is associated with adverse surgical outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between BMI and postoperative intensive care unit (ICU) admission in patients undergoing surgery for gastrointestinal tumors.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis using data from the Vital Signs Database (VitalDB). Patients were stratified into four BMI categories: underweight (BMI <18.5 kg/m²), normal weight (18.5-22.9 kg/m²), overweight (23.0-27.4 kg/m²), and obese (≥27.5 kg/m²). Demographic characteristics, intraoperative variables, in-hospital mortality, and ICU admission rates were analyzed. Binary logistic regression was performed to identify independent predictors of ICU admission.

Results: Among 2052 patients analyzed, the underweight group exhibited the highest ICU admission rate (24.1%) compared to normal weight (15.2%), overweight (10.5%), and obese groups (14.5%; p < 0.001). Hospital stays were significantly prolonged in underweight patients (11.4 ± 12.9 days, p < 0.001). Logistic regression identified underweight status as an independent risk factor for ICU admission (odds ratio [OR] 1.78; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.20-2.64), and it remained an independent risk factor after adjusting for other risk factors (OR 2.17; 95% CI 1.28-3.67).

Conclusions: Patients with gastrointestinal tumors and a BMI <18.5 kg/m² have an increased risk of postoperative ICU admission and prolonged hospital stays.

This study explores the use of nutrition supplements by Jordanian cancer patients regarding symptoms of quality of life. It explores the prevalence of the use of nutrition supplements by cancer patients and the related demographic and disease-specific factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted on cancer patients at three major hospitals in Jordan. A total of 220 participants completed structured questionnaires. The EORTC QLQ-C15 scale was used to collect data on supplement usage patterns and quality of life. Chi-square tests and regression analysis were performed to assess the association between supplement use and QoL outcomes. Supplement use was noted in 65.9% of participants; the most used supplements were vitamin D, calcium, and omega-3. Supplement use was significantly associated with age, gender, income, and education level but showed a positive association between supplement use and improved QoL (p = 0.028). The findings suggest that the use of supplements is associated with improved quality of life among cancer patients in Jordan. It is important to consider integrating patient education and professional guidance regarding safe supplement use into cancer care. Further, longitudinal studies are needed to generalize these findings and to explore the long-term effect of supplements on QoL.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer and is often diagnosed at advanced stages, limiting therapeutic options. Therefore, preventive strategies are crucial for its control. Among these, the use of nutrients and bioactive food compounds, such as omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), has gained attention. Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), a plant-derived n-3 PUFA abundant in flaxseed oil (FSO), has shown chemopreventive effects in various cancer models. This study investigated the chemopreventive potential of FSO in rats subjected to the resistant hepatocyte (RH) model of hepatocarcinogenesis, which generates preneoplastic lesions that may either progress to HCC (pPNL) or revert to a normal phenotype (rPNL). FSO treatment led to a reduction in the number of liver nodules and decreased both the number and size of pPNL. These effects were associated with increased hepatic ALA levels. FSO did not affect cell proliferation or apoptosis; however, it reduced DNA damage and inhibited γ-H2AX expression in preneoplastic livers, particularly in pPNL. Given that pPNL shares molecular alterations with HCC, the inhibition of γ-H2AX suggests a relevant mechanism by which FSO contributes to the chemoprevention of hepatocarcinogenesis.

Malnutrition and nutrition impact symptoms are common during and after anticancer treatment. This systematic review aimed to identify nutrition screening and assessment tools validated in patients with cancer and/or survivors, and to provide an overview. Comprehensive searches were conducted. Covidence was used for reference screening, data extraction, and quality assessment by two reviewers independently. Studies were included if they tested concurrent validity of a tool reporting: sensitivity, specificity, area under the curve (AUC), Pearson's/Spearman's correlation coefficient, or kappa. Data were summarized in tables and described narratively. Of 6,332 screened records, 486 were full-text reviewed, and 98 articles covering 161 validation studies of 47 tools were included. Most articles included mixed cancer diagnoses, followed by head and neck and gastrointestinal cancer; few included survivors. The most frequently validated tools were Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS 2002), Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST), Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST), and the Scored Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA). Several reference standards were used. Sensitivity ranged from 6% to 100%, specificity from 11% to 100%, and validity from 'Poor' to 'Good'. The absence of a universal gold standard complicates identification of a superior tool. Nonetheless, rather than ranking tools, this review provides an overview of their validity across different reference standards, offering guidance for clinicians. PROSPERO: CRD42018096678.