Nutrition and Cancer-An International Journal最新文献

Endometrial cancer (EC) is a gynecologic malignancy with rising incidence globally, particularly in countries experiencing nutritional transitions. Diet quality may influence EC risk, yet evidence from non-Western populations remains limited. We conducted a hospital-based case-control study involving 136 histologically confirmed EC cases and 272 age- and BMI-matched controls in Tehran, Iran. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated 168-item food frequency questionnaire. Healthy Eating Index-2020 (HEI-2020) were computed to evaluate diet quality. Logistic regression was employed to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), controlling for reproductive factors, educational status, comorbidity, physical activity, and energy intake. Women in the highest tertile of HEI-2020 had 83% lower odds of EC compared to the lowest tertile (OR = 0.17; 95% CI: 0.09-0.30; P for trend < 0.001). The inverse association remained consistent across BMI categories and menopausal status. Greater intakes of vegetables, legumes, and plant-based proteins, along with reduced consumption of saturated fats, added sugars, and refined grains, were key dietary contributors. Greater adherence to the HEI-2020 was independently associated with reduced risk of EC among Iranian women. These findings emphasize the potential role of high-quality dietary patterns in cancer prevention and warrant confirmation in prospective studies across diverse populations.

Immunotherapy has recently garnered more attention in the treatment of breast cancer. Ginseng has been extensively utilized in immunomodulation. Acupuncture is acknowledged as an effective adjunctive therapy for treating various cancers through the modulation of the immune system. Nonetheless, the extent to which the combination of ginseng and acupuncture exerts an enhanced anti-tumor effect in breast cancer treatment remains unclear. This study assessed the impact of mountain-cultivated ginseng in conjunction with acupuncture on the anti-tumor immune response in breast cancer in a 4T1 xenograft BALB/c mouse model. The findings indicated acupuncture, when paired with mountain-cultivated ginseng, could augment the suppression of tumor growth. Acupuncture in conjunction with ginseng therapy enhanced the immunological activity of CD8⁺ cytotoxic T cells by elevating the numbers of IFN-γ⁺/CD8⁺ T cells and TNF-α⁺/CD8⁺ T cells, along with the release of many pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ). Furthermore, it was established that acupuncture in conjunction with ginseng therapy facilitated the degradation of PD-L1 and PD-1 via the Sirt1/AMPK-mediated autophagy pathway. This study revealed that the combination of acupuncture and ginseng treatment augmented the suppression of PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint, hence amplifying the anti-tumor immune response and offering a potential method for breast cancer therapy.

The Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) is a valuable tool to assess nutritional status in older adults, but its association with gastrointestinal (GI) cancer risk remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between GNRI and GI cancer risk in the elderly population. Data from 18,889 participants aged 60 and older were analyzed from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 1999-2020. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the association between GNRI and GI cancer risk, adjusting for confounding factors including age, sex, race, education, poverty-income ratio (PIR), smoking status, alcohol drinking, hypertension, and diabetes. Potential non-linear relationships were explored using generalized additive models, smooth curve fitting, and piece-wise regression analysis. A significant negative association was observed between GNRI and GI cancer risk (p = 0.005), after fully adjusting for confounders. Participants in the third quartile of GNRI had a 35% lower risk of GI cancers compared to those in the lowest quartile (p = 0.010). Piece-wise regression analysis identified a GNRI threshold of 95.25. These findings provide evidence that elevated GNRI is remarkably associated with reduced GI cancer risk among geriatric individuals.

Background: Malnutrition is common among patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and may diminish the survival benefits of immunotherapy. We aimed to evaluate the association between nutritional status-assessed using the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) at initiation of first-line therapy and overall survival in patients with advanced NSCLC receiving immunotherapy.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using an administrative claims database. Patients aged ≥18 years who received first-line immunotherapy for newly diagnosed advanced NSCLC between December 2016 and December 2024 were included. GNRI was calculated using the laboratory and anthropometric data closest (within 3 months) to treatment initiation. To examine whether the GNRI modifies the association between immunotherapy as a first-line therapy and overall survival in patients with advanced NSCLC, we used nonlinear multivariable Cox proportional hazards regressions.

Results: Among 2461 patients (mean (SD) age: 70.85 (8.97) years; 81% males), the mean (SD) GNRI was 93.20 (12.93). Using GNRI 100 as the reference, lower GNRI values conferred progressively higher risks of death.

Conclusion: Routine nutritional screening using GNRI and proactive interventions to maintain a GNRI ≥ 100, may improve overall survival in patients with advanced NSCLC receiving immunotherapy.

Background: Accumulating evidence demonstrated that low body mass index (BMI) is associated with adverse surgical outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between BMI and postoperative intensive care unit (ICU) admission in patients undergoing surgery for gastrointestinal tumors.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis using data from the Vital Signs Database (VitalDB). Patients were stratified into four BMI categories: underweight (BMI <18.5 kg/m²), normal weight (18.5-22.9 kg/m²), overweight (23.0-27.4 kg/m²), and obese (≥27.5 kg/m²). Demographic characteristics, intraoperative variables, in-hospital mortality, and ICU admission rates were analyzed. Binary logistic regression was performed to identify independent predictors of ICU admission.

Results: Among 2052 patients analyzed, the underweight group exhibited the highest ICU admission rate (24.1%) compared to normal weight (15.2%), overweight (10.5%), and obese groups (14.5%; p < 0.001). Hospital stays were significantly prolonged in underweight patients (11.4 ± 12.9 days, p < 0.001). Logistic regression identified underweight status as an independent risk factor for ICU admission (odds ratio [OR] 1.78; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.20-2.64), and it remained an independent risk factor after adjusting for other risk factors (OR 2.17; 95% CI 1.28-3.67).

Conclusions: Patients with gastrointestinal tumors and a BMI <18.5 kg/m² have an increased risk of postoperative ICU admission and prolonged hospital stays.

This study evaluates the combined effects of psychological intervention and enhanced nutritional support on the recovery outcomes of postoperative gastric cancer patients. A total of 290 postoperative gastric cancer patients were randomly assigned to an intervention group (145 patients) or a control group (145 patients). Assessments were conducted on nutritional status, sleep quality (PSQI), pain management (VAS), and quality of life (EORTC QLQ-C30). The intervention group demonstrated significant improvements in nutritional status, sleep quality, pain relief, and quality of life compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Specifically, serum albumin, total protein, prealbumin, transferrin, collagen levels, body weight, and the PSQI score all showed significant positive changes (p < 0.05). Psychological intervention combined with enhanced nutritional support significantly improves postoperative recovery, enhancing nutritional status, sleep quality, pain management, and overall quality of life in gastric cancer patients.