Pub Date : 2024-08-20DOI: 10.1007/s10980-024-01962-5
Dana L. Nelson, Courtney J. Marneweck, William J. McShea, Hila Shamon, David S. Jachowski
Context
Small carnivores are declining globally due to a complex suite of threats. Conservation of these species requires an understanding of their distributions and potential responses to future land-use and climate change.
Objectives
We modelled species-environment relationships of swift fox (Vulpes velox), a species of concern across their range. We developed spatial projections of current and future distribution to aid in conservation planning.
Methods
We assembled swift fox occurrence data from managers and community science sources to develop ensemble distribution models. In addition to landscape and climatic predictors, we developed a model of red fox distribution to represent effects of competition. We forecasted spatial predictions into the year 2070 under two climate change scenarios representing high (SSP 5–8.5) and low (SSP 1–2.6) emissions scenarios.
Results
Percent cover by grassland, mean annual precipitation, and minimum temperature of the coldest quarter were the three most important variables for swift fox distribution. Current suitable habitat for swift fox extends across 16 North American states and provinces. Future projections of swift fox distribution suggest an overall increase in area of swift fox suitable habitat under both emissions scenarios of > 56.9%, though patterns of gain and loss vary spatially.
Conclusions
The expansion of suitable habitat in future scenarios reflects swift fox adaptability to multiple land uses in a period following multi-organizational conservation efforts. Our spatial projections can be used in conservation planning and can serve as a case study of a small carnivore species likely to recover under future change scenarios provided that threats are addressed and landscape-scale conservation efforts continue.
{"title":"Predicted future range expansion of a small carnivore: swift fox in North America","authors":"Dana L. Nelson, Courtney J. Marneweck, William J. McShea, Hila Shamon, David S. Jachowski","doi":"10.1007/s10980-024-01962-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-024-01962-5","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Context</h3><p>Small carnivores are declining globally due to a complex suite of threats. Conservation of these species requires an understanding of their distributions and potential responses to future land-use and climate change.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>We modelled species-environment relationships of swift fox (<i>Vulpes velox</i>), a species of concern across their range. We developed spatial projections of current and future distribution to aid in conservation planning.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We assembled swift fox occurrence data from managers and community science sources to develop ensemble distribution models. In addition to landscape and climatic predictors, we developed a model of red fox distribution to represent effects of competition. We forecasted spatial predictions into the year 2070 under two climate change scenarios representing high (SSP 5–8.5) and low (SSP 1–2.6) emissions scenarios.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Percent cover by grassland, mean annual precipitation, and minimum temperature of the coldest quarter were the three most important variables for swift fox distribution. Current suitable habitat for swift fox extends across 16 North American states and provinces. Future projections of swift fox distribution suggest an overall increase in area of swift fox suitable habitat under both emissions scenarios of > 56.9%, though patterns of gain and loss vary spatially.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>The expansion of suitable habitat in future scenarios reflects swift fox adaptability to multiple land uses in a period following multi-organizational conservation efforts. Our spatial projections can be used in conservation planning and can serve as a case study of a small carnivore species likely to recover under future change scenarios provided that threats are addressed and landscape-scale conservation efforts continue.</p>","PeriodicalId":54745,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Ecology","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142186390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-20DOI: 10.1007/s10980-024-01943-8
Carolina Nogueira, Dário Hipólito, Doriana Pando, João Carvalho, Carlos Fonseca, Alfonso Hartasánchez, José Ramón Magadan, Luís M. Rosalino, Rita T. Torres, Roberto Hartasánchez, Eduardo Ferreira
Context
Large carnivores have faced severe extinction pressures throughout Europe during the last centuries, where human-induced disturbances reached unprecedented levels. In the late twentieth century, the Cantabrian brown bear population was on the verge of extinction, due to poaching. Yet, the end of the last century was a turning point for this population. Presence data on the western Cantabrian subpopulation was collected since the beginning of the century and insights provided by this long-term monitoring may be useful for brown bear conservation.
Objectives
Here, we aim to: (i) identify the landscape features relevant to bears’ recovery; and (ii) understand if and how the landscape use patterns by bears changed over time.
Methods
We tested the influence of landscape structure (i.e., composition and configuration) on bear occurrence patterns using MAXENT in three periods representative of land cover change.
Results
Despite variation across the 19-year monitoring period, brown bears were more often detected near broad-leaf forests and bare rock areas and at lower to intermediate altitudes, but avoided arable lands, permanent crops, and burnt areas. Human population density or distance to roads—often used for modelling habitat suitability for Cantabrian brown bears—were not identified as relevant variables for this brown bear subpopulation. Artificial areas were identified as relevant landscape features, but not as disturbance.
Conclusions
These findings reinforce the importance of preserving bears’ native habitats and provide new insights, namely on the use of humanized landscapes.
{"title":"Brown bear habitat use patterns across 19 years of population expansion in the Cantabrian Mountains","authors":"Carolina Nogueira, Dário Hipólito, Doriana Pando, João Carvalho, Carlos Fonseca, Alfonso Hartasánchez, José Ramón Magadan, Luís M. Rosalino, Rita T. Torres, Roberto Hartasánchez, Eduardo Ferreira","doi":"10.1007/s10980-024-01943-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-024-01943-8","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Context</h3><p>Large carnivores have faced severe extinction pressures throughout Europe during the last centuries, where human-induced disturbances reached unprecedented levels. In the late twentieth century, the Cantabrian brown bear population was on the verge of extinction, due to poaching. Yet, the end of the last century was a turning point for this population. Presence data on the western Cantabrian subpopulation was collected since the beginning of the century and insights provided by this long-term monitoring may be useful for brown bear conservation.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>Here, we aim to: (i) identify the landscape features relevant to bears’ recovery; and (ii) understand if and how the landscape use patterns by bears changed over time.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We tested the influence of landscape structure (i.e., composition and configuration) on bear occurrence patterns using MAXENT in three periods representative of land cover change.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Despite variation across the 19-year monitoring period, brown bears were more often detected near broad-leaf forests and bare rock areas and at lower to intermediate altitudes, but avoided arable lands, permanent crops, and burnt areas. Human population density or distance to roads—often used for modelling habitat suitability for Cantabrian brown bears—were not identified as relevant variables for this brown bear subpopulation. Artificial areas were identified as relevant landscape features, but not as disturbance.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>These findings reinforce the importance of preserving bears’ native habitats and provide new insights, namely on the use of humanized landscapes.</p>","PeriodicalId":54745,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Ecology","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142224445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-18DOI: 10.1007/s10980-024-01964-3
Yixuan Wu, Yiming Liu, Hui Zeng
Context
Human demand for natural resources continues to increase owing to climate change and population growth. The supply capacity of ecosystem services has also declined drastically, posing a severe threat to the long-term sustainability of human society.
Objectives
Taking the fast-urbanized Pearl River Delta (PRD) as the study area, the specific research objectives of this study were to intuitively reveal the spatial distribution of ecosystem service supply–demand relationships in rapid urbanization and explore the dominant influencing factors and their impact process on ecosystem service supply–demand relationships.
Methods
It zoned the ecological space based on the ecosystem service supply–demand ratio (ESSDR) evaluated by six typical ecosystem services. And then, the Geographical Detector model, Structural Equation Modeling and regression analysis were used to explore the ranking and threshold effects of influencing factors of ESSDR.
Results
(1) From 2000 to 2020, the ESSDR in the central PRD deteriorated, whereas the ESSDR in the remote areas of the PRD was further optimized. Stable grading eigenvalues of the ESSDR were found based on cumulative frequency curves from 2000 to 2020. (2) Green density (GD) and land development size (LDS) were the dominant natural and social factors influencing ESSDR in the PRD, respectively. (3) There were two thresholds in the impact process of GD (21% and 66%) and LDS (8% and 54%) on the ESSDR, which matched the gradients of urban, developing urban, and rural areas.
Conclusions
There are certain thresholds in the ESSDR responding to land use change. The focus should be on the imbalance in areas with GD < 21% or LDS > 54% and protective measures should be strengthened in areas with GD > 66% or LDS < 8%.
{"title":"Ecosystem service supply–demand ratio zoning and thresholds of the key influencing factors in the Pearl River Delta, China","authors":"Yixuan Wu, Yiming Liu, Hui Zeng","doi":"10.1007/s10980-024-01964-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-024-01964-3","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Context</h3><p>Human demand for natural resources continues to increase owing to climate change and population growth. The supply capacity of ecosystem services has also declined drastically, posing a severe threat to the long-term sustainability of human society.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>Taking the fast-urbanized Pearl River Delta (PRD) as the study area, the specific research objectives of this study were to intuitively reveal the spatial distribution of ecosystem service supply–demand relationships in rapid urbanization and explore the dominant influencing factors and their impact process on ecosystem service supply–demand relationships.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>It zoned the ecological space based on the ecosystem service supply–demand ratio (ESSDR) evaluated by six typical ecosystem services. And then, the Geographical Detector model, Structural Equation Modeling and regression analysis were used to explore the ranking and threshold effects of influencing factors of ESSDR.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>(1) From 2000 to 2020, the ESSDR in the central PRD deteriorated, whereas the ESSDR in the remote areas of the PRD was further optimized. Stable grading eigenvalues of the ESSDR were found based on cumulative frequency curves from 2000 to 2020. (2) Green density (GD) and land development size (LDS) were the dominant natural and social factors influencing ESSDR in the PRD, respectively. (3) There were two thresholds in the impact process of GD (21% and 66%) and LDS (8% and 54%) on the ESSDR, which matched the gradients of urban, developing urban, and rural areas.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>There are certain thresholds in the ESSDR responding to land use change. The focus should be on the imbalance in areas with GD < 21% or LDS > 54% and protective measures should be strengthened in areas with GD > 66% or LDS < 8%.</p>","PeriodicalId":54745,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Ecology","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142227793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abiotic filtering, including environmental and dispersal filtering, is frequently observed resulting in reduced diversity and more similar species assemblages following habitat fragmentation. Nonetheless, the significance of competitive exclusion is often underestimated.
Objectives
We investigated the dominant assembly process among termite communities on land-bridge islands, focusing on species known for their high territoriality. We hypothesized that competitively superior species tend to dominate more favorable habitats, such as larger and less isolated islands. Consequently, we anticipated lower diversity and greater similarity in species assemblages than would be expected.
Methods
Termite communities were surveyed using standardized transects on 24 islands. We quantified the standardized effects of island area and isolation on taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity by comparing observed patterns with randomly generated communities (i.e., stochastic process). A phylogenetic generalized linear mixed model (PGLMM) was conducted to examine species-specific responses to environmental factors and competition intensity (i.e., heterospecific abundance).
Results
We found that taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity were lower than expected on larger and less isolated islands, suggesting that competitive exclusion was the dominant mechanism shaping termite communities in TIL. PGLMM showed that two fungus-growing species with larger body sizes increased with competition intensity, while other species exhibited negative responses. Notably, the abundance of fungus-growing species showed sharper increase with island area and decrease with isolation compared to other feeding groups. These findings demonstrate that competitively superior species prefer high-quality habitats and are more sensitive to habitat fragmentation.
Conclusions
Our study highlights the significance of competitive exclusion in shaping termite communities and emphasizes the need to consider both competitive and niche difference among species or functional groups when predict changes in community structure and biodiversity loss resulting from habitat fragmentation.
背景生物过滤（包括环境过滤和扩散过滤）经常被观察到，导致栖息地破碎化后多样性降低，物种组合更加相似。我们研究了陆桥岛屿上白蚁群落的主要集结过程，重点是以高领地性著称的物种。我们假设，竞争优势物种往往会占据更有利的栖息地，如较大和较不孤立的岛屿。因此，我们预计物种群落的多样性和相似性会比预期的要低。通过将观察到的模式与随机生成的群落（即随机过程）进行比较，我们量化了岛屿面积和隔离度对分类、系统发育和功能多样性的标准化影响。结果我们发现，在面积较大和隔离程度较低的岛屿上，白蚁的分类、系统发育和功能多样性都比预期的低，这表明竞争排斥是形成 TIL 白蚁群落的主要机制。PGLMM显示，两个体型较大的真菌生长物种随着竞争强度的增加而增加，而其他物种则表现出消极反应。值得注意的是，与其他觅食类群相比，长菌类群的数量随岛屿面积的增加而急剧增加，随隔离程度的增加而急剧减少。结论：我们的研究强调了竞争排斥在白蚁群落形成过程中的重要作用，并强调在预测生境破碎化导致的群落结构变化和生物多样性损失时，需要同时考虑物种或功能组之间的竞争差异和生态位差异。
{"title":"Competitive exclusion drives termite community assembly process on islands","authors":"Yuanyuan Luo, Donghao Wu, Changlu Weng, Wenjie Zhou, Mingjian Yu, Aiying Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s10980-024-01922-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-024-01922-z","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Context</h3><p>Abiotic filtering, including environmental and dispersal filtering, is frequently observed resulting in reduced diversity and more similar species assemblages following habitat fragmentation. Nonetheless, the significance of competitive exclusion is often underestimated.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>We investigated the dominant assembly process among termite communities on land-bridge islands, focusing on species known for their high territoriality. We hypothesized that competitively superior species tend to dominate more favorable habitats, such as larger and less isolated islands. Consequently, we anticipated lower diversity and greater similarity in species assemblages than would be expected.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Termite communities were surveyed using standardized transects on 24 islands. We quantified the standardized effects of island area and isolation on taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity by comparing observed patterns with randomly generated communities (i.e., stochastic process). A phylogenetic generalized linear mixed model (PGLMM) was conducted to examine species-specific responses to environmental factors and competition intensity (i.e., heterospecific abundance).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>We found that taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity were lower than expected on larger and less isolated islands, suggesting that competitive exclusion was the dominant mechanism shaping termite communities in TIL. PGLMM showed that two fungus-growing species with larger body sizes increased with competition intensity, while other species exhibited negative responses. Notably, the abundance of fungus-growing species showed sharper increase with island area and decrease with isolation compared to other feeding groups. These findings demonstrate that competitively superior species prefer high-quality habitats and are more sensitive to habitat fragmentation.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Our study highlights the significance of competitive exclusion in shaping termite communities and emphasizes the need to consider both competitive and niche difference among species or functional groups when predict changes in community structure and biodiversity loss resulting from habitat fragmentation.</p>","PeriodicalId":54745,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Ecology","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142186391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-16DOI: 10.1007/s10980-024-01963-4
Markus Franzén, John Askling, Oskar Kindvall, Victor Johansson, Johanna Sunde, Anders Forsman
Context
Conservation of endangered species necessitates an in-depth understanding of their ecological requirements. Particularly in landscape ecology, the behavioural tendencies of threatened butterfly species in Gotland, a biodiversity-rich island in the Baltic Sea, become crucial.
Objectives
The primary aim of this study was to elucidate the movement patterns of three threatened butterfly species—Euphydryas aurinia, Parnassius apollo, and Phengaris arion—in Gotland and to identify the influence of specific land characteristics on these patterns.
Methods
Our study, conducted from 2017 to 2020 across 60 km2 in Gotland, involved detailed capture-mark-recapture (CMR) efforts of 29,584 captures including 16,223 unique butterflies. We investigate the departure and arrival events of butterflies, specifically focusing on the associations between movements when individuals leave or enter a hectare grid different from their previously recorded location and key landscape features: open vegetated land, ground moisture, and forest cover. We model landscape features to examine the interplay between these and butterfly movement patterns, providing insights into preferred landscape features and conservation strategies.
Results
Among the 4821 arrivals and 5083 departures documented, the species exhibited differential responses to the evaluated habitat features. Both E. aurinia and P. apollo displayed a positive density-dependent dispersal, while P. arion’s movements were not significantly associated with any of the examined habitat features. Landscape properties like open vegetated land and ground moisture index statistically influenced the likelihood of arrival and departure.
Conclusions
The study accentuates the relationship between land cover and the behavioural tendencies of the subject butterfly species. It has broader implications for the targeted habitat management strategies that would benefit threatened butterfly populations in Gotland.
{"title":"Landscape properties and density dependence shape the movement patterns of three threatened butterflies","authors":"Markus Franzén, John Askling, Oskar Kindvall, Victor Johansson, Johanna Sunde, Anders Forsman","doi":"10.1007/s10980-024-01963-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-024-01963-4","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Context</h3><p>Conservation of endangered species necessitates an in-depth understanding of their ecological requirements. Particularly in landscape ecology, the behavioural tendencies of threatened butterfly species in Gotland, a biodiversity-rich island in the Baltic Sea, become crucial.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>The primary aim of this study was to elucidate the movement patterns of three threatened butterfly species—<i>Euphydryas aurinia</i>, <i>Parnassius apollo</i>, and <i>Phengaris arion</i>—in Gotland and to identify the influence of specific land characteristics on these patterns.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Our study, conducted from 2017 to 2020 across 60 km<sup>2</sup> in Gotland, involved detailed capture-mark-recapture (CMR) efforts of 29,584 captures including 16,223 unique butterflies. We investigate the departure and arrival events of butterflies, specifically focusing on the associations between movements when individuals leave or enter a hectare grid different from their previously recorded location and key landscape features: open vegetated land, ground moisture, and forest cover. We model landscape features to examine the interplay between these and butterfly movement patterns, providing insights into preferred landscape features and conservation strategies.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Among the 4821 arrivals and 5083 departures documented, the species exhibited differential responses to the evaluated habitat features. Both <i>E. aurinia</i> and <i>P. apollo</i> displayed a positive density-dependent dispersal, while <i>P. arion’s</i> movements were not significantly associated with any of the examined habitat features. Landscape properties like open vegetated land and ground moisture index statistically influenced the likelihood of arrival and departure.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>The study accentuates the relationship between land cover and the behavioural tendencies of the subject butterfly species. It has broader implications for the targeted habitat management strategies that would benefit threatened butterfly populations in Gotland.</p>","PeriodicalId":54745,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Ecology","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142224328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-16DOI: 10.1007/s10980-024-01959-0
Yu Han, Yanxu Liu, Xutong Wu, Qing Zhang
Context
Integrating the spatial flow perspective, temporal trade-off perspective, and future tendency perspective enables a comprehensive assessment of nature’s contributions to people (NCPs). However, assessments that integrate these perspectives and combine them with regional ecological restoration policy remain limited.
Objectives
Based on the perspective of spatial flow and considering the two dimensions of nature’s contributions and people’s needs, we assessed and forecasted water-related NCPs, including water yield (NCP6), water purification (NCP7), and soil conservation (NCP8), from the Loess Plateau to downstream regions of the Yellow River in China.
Methods
To forecast the future tendencies of the NCPs and their temporal trade-offs, we simulate land use changes based on rapid landscape restoration and slow landscape restoration under five shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs) from 2020 to 2100.
Results
The results showed that the spatial distributions of the values of the three NCPs differ greatly from the corresponding values of nature’s contributions. The soil conservation NCP and water purification NCP will decrease under all scenarios, while the water yield NCP will be stable in most of the scenarios except SSP3. The soil conservation NCP showed a faster decrease under R2 compared to R1, with the highest rate observed at 2.11%. Conversely, the water purification NCP and water yield NCP experienced a faster decrease under R1 than under R2, with rates of 8.61% and 14.30% respectively. The rapid landscape restoration will have a more positive impact on the soil conservation NCP, and a more negative impact on the other two water-related NCPs than the slow landscape restoration.
Conclusions
This assessment provides a forecast of the future benefits of landscape restoration from dual dimensions of nature’s contributions and people’s needs, indicating the importance of integrating the future changes in both dimensions when making regional landscape restoration policy.
{"title":"Assessment and forecast of the water-related nature’s contributions to people on the Loess Plateau from a spatial flow perspective","authors":"Yu Han, Yanxu Liu, Xutong Wu, Qing Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s10980-024-01959-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-024-01959-0","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Context</h3><p>Integrating the spatial flow perspective, temporal trade-off perspective, and future tendency perspective enables a comprehensive assessment of nature’s contributions to people (NCPs). However, assessments that integrate these perspectives and combine them with regional ecological restoration policy remain limited.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>Based on the perspective of spatial flow and considering the two dimensions of nature’s contributions and people’s needs, we assessed and forecasted water-related NCPs, including water yield (NCP6), water purification (NCP7), and soil conservation (NCP8), from the Loess Plateau to downstream regions of the Yellow River in China.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>To forecast the future tendencies of the NCPs and their temporal trade-offs, we simulate land use changes based on rapid landscape restoration and slow landscape restoration under five shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs) from 2020 to 2100.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The results showed that the spatial distributions of the values of the three NCPs differ greatly from the corresponding values of nature’s contributions. The soil conservation NCP and water purification NCP will decrease under all scenarios, while the water yield NCP will be stable in most of the scenarios except SSP3. The soil conservation NCP showed a faster decrease under R2 compared to R1, with the highest rate observed at 2.11%. Conversely, the water purification NCP and water yield NCP experienced a faster decrease under R1 than under R2, with rates of 8.61% and 14.30% respectively. The rapid landscape restoration will have a more positive impact on the soil conservation NCP, and a more negative impact on the other two water-related NCPs than the slow landscape restoration.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>This assessment provides a forecast of the future benefits of landscape restoration from dual dimensions of nature’s contributions and people’s needs, indicating the importance of integrating the future changes in both dimensions when making regional landscape restoration policy.</p>","PeriodicalId":54745,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Ecology","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142186393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-15DOI: 10.1007/s10980-024-01960-7
Kersti Riibak, Norbertas Noreika, Aveliina Helm, Maarja Öpik, Ene Kook, Liis Kasari-Toussaint, Madli Jõks, Bruno Paganeli, Oscar Zárate Martínez, Hardi Tullus, Tea Tullus, Reimo Lutter, Ede Oja, Andres Saag, Tiina Randlane, Meelis Pärtel
Context
The loss of ancient forests threatens many species. Effective nature conservation needs information on how forest availability in the surrounding landscape in space and time determines the diversity of multiple taxa.
Objectives
We explored the relationship between forest availability at different spatiotemporal scales and the diversity of various groups: vascular plants (woody species, ground layer), epiphytes (bryophytes and lichens), fungi (ectomycorrhizal, arbuscular mycorrhizal, pathogenic, saprotrophic), and carabid beetles. Besides the observed diversity, we also estimated dark diversity, i.e. suitable but absent species. Dark diversity is theoretically a sensitive metric in detecting ecosystem conditions as it is typically relatively large and contains susceptible species.
Methods
We recorded the observed diversity by field sampling and soil DNA in 100 temperate ancient old-growth forest sites in southern Estonia; dark diversity was estimated for the same sites using species co-occurrence data. Forest availability estimates were obtained from four topographic maps (1900s-2010s) at the 0.5–5 km radius.
Results
The biodiversity of forest specialists was higher at larger historical forest availability at the spatial scale of 2–5 km radius. The diversity of light-demanding forest ecotone taxa mainly had negative relationships with young forests on previous agricultural lands (at 0.5–2 km radius). Dark diversity models were often more strongly associated with forest availability than observed diversity models.
Conclusions
Dark diversity enhances our understanding of how current and historical forest availability affects local biodiversity. As young forests cannot provide suitable habitats for many forest-dwelling species, stable forest habitats must be preserved as source areas to enhance biodiversity.
背景古代森林的消失威胁着许多物种。我们探讨了不同时空尺度下的森林可利用性与不同类群多样性之间的关系：维管束植物（木本物种、地层）、附生植物（苔藓植物和地衣）、真菌（外生菌根菌、丛生菌根菌、病原菌、嗜渍菌）和食叶甲虫。除了观察到的多样性，我们还估算了暗多样性，即合适但不存在的物种。理论上，暗多样性是检测生态系统状况的一个灵敏指标，因为它通常相对较大，而且包含易感物种。方法我们通过实地采样和土壤 DNA 记录了爱沙尼亚南部 100 个温带古老森林地点的观测多样性；利用物种共现数据估算了同一地点的暗多样性。结果在半径为 2-5 千米的空间范围内，森林可用性越大，森林专家的生物多样性就越高。需要光照的森林生态区类群的多样性主要与以前农田上的幼林（半径为 0.5-2 千米）呈负相关。与观测到的多样性模型相比，黑暗多样性模型与森林可用性的关系往往更为密切。由于幼林无法为许多林栖物种提供合适的栖息地，因此必须将稳定的森林栖息地作为源区加以保护，以提高生物多样性。
{"title":"Plants, fungi, and carabid beetles in temperate forests: both observed and dark diversity depend on habitat availability in space and time","authors":"Kersti Riibak, Norbertas Noreika, Aveliina Helm, Maarja Öpik, Ene Kook, Liis Kasari-Toussaint, Madli Jõks, Bruno Paganeli, Oscar Zárate Martínez, Hardi Tullus, Tea Tullus, Reimo Lutter, Ede Oja, Andres Saag, Tiina Randlane, Meelis Pärtel","doi":"10.1007/s10980-024-01960-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-024-01960-7","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Context</h3><p>The loss of ancient forests threatens many species. Effective nature conservation needs information on how forest availability in the surrounding landscape in space and time determines the diversity of multiple taxa.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>We explored the relationship between forest availability at different spatiotemporal scales and the diversity of various groups: vascular plants (woody species, ground layer), epiphytes (bryophytes and lichens), fungi (ectomycorrhizal, arbuscular mycorrhizal, pathogenic, saprotrophic), and carabid beetles. Besides the observed diversity, we also estimated dark diversity, i.e. suitable but absent species. Dark diversity is theoretically a sensitive metric in detecting ecosystem conditions as it is typically relatively large and contains susceptible species.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We recorded the observed diversity by field sampling and soil DNA in 100 temperate ancient old-growth forest sites in southern Estonia; dark diversity was estimated for the same sites using species co-occurrence data. Forest availability estimates were obtained from four topographic maps (1900s-2010s) at the 0.5–5 km radius.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The biodiversity of forest specialists was higher at larger historical forest availability at the spatial scale of 2–5 km radius. The diversity of light-demanding forest ecotone taxa mainly had negative relationships with young forests on previous agricultural lands (at 0.5–2 km radius). Dark diversity models were often more strongly associated with forest availability than observed diversity models.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Dark diversity enhances our understanding of how current and historical forest availability affects local biodiversity. As young forests cannot provide suitable habitats for many forest-dwelling species, stable forest habitats must be preserved as source areas to enhance biodiversity.</p>","PeriodicalId":54745,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Ecology","volume":"159 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142186392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-15DOI: 10.1007/s10980-024-01913-0
Tamara Santos, Paulo Henrique Marinho, Eduardo M. Venticinque, Carlos Roberto Fonseca
Context
Human activities are reducing the amount and quality of natural landscapes. Understanding how such changes affect the spatial and temporal ecology of mammal populations will enable us to foresee how communities will be structured in the Anthropocene.
Objectives
Here, we evaluated how the occupancy, intensity of use, and activity patterns of the mesopredator canid Cerdocyon thous are affected by topographic variation, habitat amount, fragmentation and chronic anthropogenic disturbances.
Methods
Camera trapping data were obtained between May and September 2014 in 179 sampling points within ten priority areas for conservation in a seasonally dry tropical forest (Caatinga) in Brazil, totaling an effort of 6,701 camera.days. We use occupancy models for analyzed occupancy, generalized linear models (GLM) for the intensity of use and kernel density curve for activity pattern.
Results
Cerdoyon thous benefited from human disturbance, showing greater occupancy and intensity of use near anthropogenic habitats, fragmentation, human density and cattle density. Moreover, temporal analyses showed that it modulates its daily activity according to habitat amount, human density, cattle density and altitude. However, C. thous tends to avoid areas with excess of fire, logging and infrastructures.
Conclusions
These results allow us to understand the mechanisms that contribute to the dominance of generalist mesocarnivores in human-dominated environments.
{"title":"Spatial and temporal ecology of Cerdocyon thous: a mesopredator canid coping with habitat loss, fragmentation, and chronic anthropogenic disturbances","authors":"Tamara Santos, Paulo Henrique Marinho, Eduardo M. Venticinque, Carlos Roberto Fonseca","doi":"10.1007/s10980-024-01913-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-024-01913-0","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Context</h3><p>Human activities are reducing the amount and quality of natural landscapes. Understanding how such changes affect the spatial and temporal ecology of mammal populations will enable us to foresee how communities will be structured in the Anthropocene.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>Here, we evaluated how the occupancy, intensity of use, and activity patterns of the mesopredator canid <i>Cerdocyon thous</i> are affected by topographic variation, habitat amount, fragmentation and chronic anthropogenic disturbances.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Camera trapping data were obtained between May and September 2014 in 179 sampling points within ten priority areas for conservation in a seasonally dry tropical forest (Caatinga) in Brazil, totaling an effort of 6,701 camera.days. We use occupancy models for analyzed occupancy, generalized linear models (GLM) for the intensity of use and kernel density curve for activity pattern.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p><i>Cerdoyon thous</i> benefited from human disturbance, showing greater occupancy and intensity of use near anthropogenic habitats, fragmentation, human density and cattle density. Moreover, temporal analyses showed that it modulates its daily activity according to habitat amount, human density, cattle density and altitude. However, <i>C. thous</i> tends to avoid areas with excess of fire, logging and infrastructures.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>These results allow us to understand the mechanisms that contribute to the dominance of generalist mesocarnivores in human-dominated environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":54745,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Ecology","volume":"2022 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142186425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the context of urbanization and climate change, optimizing land use patterns is fundamental for sustainable regional development and low-carbon transition. However, achieving sustainable land use patterns that support a low-carbon transition while maintaining economic prosperity remains challenging.
Objectives
Our goals are to develop a model for low-carbon transition and explore strategies for optimizing land use given future land use constraints.
Methods
We propose a multi-objective optimization approach to explore land use transitions towards low carbon by considering emissions reduction, ecological protection, and economic development, taking Yangtze River Economic Belt of China was selected as a case study area for empirical research.
Results
Our research on Yangtze River Economic Belt of China from 2000 to 2020 reveals that the refined land use strategies, aiming at achieving a low-carbon transition by 2035, have the capacity to substantially reduce carbon emissions. Simultaneously, these strategies ensure the preservation of a higher ecosystem service value and enhance economic advantages. Our multi-objective optimized land use patterns reduce the emission growth by nearly 5% compared to the baseline. Meanwhile, our multi-objective optimized land use patterns demonstrate a nearly 7% growth rate in economic benefits and the ecosystem service value also shows slight improvement. Recognizing regional variations in sustainable land use patterns, we recommend customized local guidance towards aligning with these optimal outcomes.
Conclusion
Our study offers valuable policy insights for regional land use to facilitate a low-carbon transition, which can contribute to navigating the trade-offs between carbon reduction, ecological protection, and economic prosperity.
{"title":"Spatial multi-objective optimization towards low-carbon transition in the Yangtze River Economic Belt of China","authors":"Haiyue Fu, Mengmeng Cai, Penghui Jiang, Ding Fei, Chuan Liao","doi":"10.1007/s10980-024-01941-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-024-01941-w","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Context</h3><p>In the context of urbanization and climate change, optimizing land use patterns is fundamental for sustainable regional development and low-carbon transition. However, achieving sustainable land use patterns that support a low-carbon transition while maintaining economic prosperity remains challenging.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>Our goals are to develop a model for low-carbon transition and explore strategies for optimizing land use given future land use constraints.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We propose a multi-objective optimization approach to explore land use transitions towards low carbon by considering emissions reduction, ecological protection, and economic development, taking Yangtze River Economic Belt of China was selected as a case study area for empirical research.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Our research on Yangtze River Economic Belt of China from 2000 to 2020 reveals that the refined land use strategies, aiming at achieving a low-carbon transition by 2035, have the capacity to substantially reduce carbon emissions. Simultaneously, these strategies ensure the preservation of a higher ecosystem service value and enhance economic advantages. Our multi-objective optimized land use patterns reduce the emission growth by nearly 5% compared to the baseline. Meanwhile, our multi-objective optimized land use patterns demonstrate a nearly 7% growth rate in economic benefits and the ecosystem service value also shows slight improvement. Recognizing regional variations in sustainable land use patterns, we recommend customized local guidance towards aligning with these optimal outcomes.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Our study offers valuable policy insights for regional land use to facilitate a low-carbon transition, which can contribute to navigating the trade-offs between carbon reduction, ecological protection, and economic prosperity.</p>","PeriodicalId":54745,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Ecology","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142186394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-07DOI: 10.1007/s10980-024-01950-9
Andres F. Suarez-Castro, Rachel R. Y. Oh, Ayesha I. T. Tulloch, Aletta Bonn, Richard A. Fuller, Jonathan R. Rhodes
Context
Landscape change affects biological diversity and the distribution of species traits related to spiritual, educational, and recreational benefits people derive from nature. These traits are associated with color, song and behavioral characteristics that influence people's perceptions of how attractive an assemblage is. However, the environmental variables that affect the spatial distribution of traits related to the attractiveness of biological diversity remain unexplored.
Objectives
We tested how landscape structure influences patterns of perceived bird attractiveness (trait diversity associated with colorfulness, behavioral and song categories) across an urbanization gradient.
Methods
We used data from standardized surveys of birds and landscapes within 42 landscape units of 1km2 across the city of Brisbane in eastern Australia. We used structural equation modeling to test effects of landscape composition (built infrastructure, percentage of tree cover) and landscape configuration (fragmentation of tree cover) on mean bird community attractiveness. Relationships between individual traits and landscape structure were analyzed using multinomial logistic regression models.
Results
Our analysis across 82 bird species shows that the relative amount of built infrastructure in a landscape interacts with fragmentation to reduce the overall attractiveness of the landscape’s bird assemblage. However, built areas can exhibit high overall bird attractiveness where there is (1) reduced fragmentation and (2) increased diversity of vegetation structure that provides key habitats for many colorful species with a high diversity of calls. Relationships between bird attractiveness and landscape structure change when they are analyzed at the guild level (insectivores vs frugivores/nectarivores). In addition, body size moderates the effects of landscape structure on song complexity, personality, and color.
Conclusions
Small bodied, colorful and melodious species are negatively affected by built infrastructure and fragmentation. By learning how habitat loss and fragmentation affect the distribution of species-rich, attractive bird assemblages, our findings can inform how urban landscapes might be structured to increase people’s connection with nature.
{"title":"Landscape structure influences the spatial distribution of urban bird attractiveness","authors":"Andres F. Suarez-Castro, Rachel R. Y. Oh, Ayesha I. T. Tulloch, Aletta Bonn, Richard A. Fuller, Jonathan R. Rhodes","doi":"10.1007/s10980-024-01950-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-024-01950-9","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Context</h3><p>Landscape change affects biological diversity and the distribution of species traits related to spiritual, educational, and recreational benefits people derive from nature. These traits are associated with color, song and behavioral characteristics that influence people's perceptions of how attractive an assemblage is. However, the environmental variables that affect the spatial distribution of traits related to the attractiveness of biological diversity remain unexplored.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>We tested how landscape structure influences patterns of perceived bird attractiveness (trait diversity associated with colorfulness, behavioral and song categories) across an urbanization gradient.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We used data from standardized surveys of birds and landscapes within 42 landscape units of 1km<sup>2</sup> across the city of Brisbane in eastern Australia. We used structural equation modeling to test effects of landscape composition (built infrastructure, percentage of tree cover) and landscape configuration (fragmentation of tree cover) on mean bird community attractiveness. Relationships between individual traits and landscape structure were analyzed using multinomial logistic regression models.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Our analysis across 82 bird species shows that the relative amount of built infrastructure in a landscape interacts with fragmentation to reduce the overall attractiveness of the landscape’s bird assemblage. However, built areas can exhibit high overall bird attractiveness where there is (1) reduced fragmentation and (2) increased diversity of vegetation structure that provides key habitats for many colorful species with a high diversity of calls. Relationships between bird attractiveness and landscape structure change when they are analyzed at the guild level (insectivores vs frugivores/nectarivores). In addition, body size moderates the effects of landscape structure on song complexity, personality, and color.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Small bodied, colorful and melodious species are negatively affected by built infrastructure and fragmentation. By learning how habitat loss and fragmentation affect the distribution of species-rich, attractive bird assemblages, our findings can inform how urban landscapes might be structured to increase people’s connection with nature.</p>","PeriodicalId":54745,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Ecology","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141930996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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