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Multiscale spatial analysis of two plant–insect interactions: effects of landscape, resource distribution, and other insects 两种植物-昆虫相互作用的多尺度空间分析:景观、资源分布和其他昆虫的影响
IF 5.2 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1007/s10980-024-01899-9
Guillem Pocull, Carina Baskett, Nicholas H. Barton

Context

Biotic resource exploitation is a critical determinant of species’ distributions. However, quantifying resource exploitation patterns through space and time can be difficult, complicating their incorporation in spatial ecology studies. Therefore, understanding the local drivers of spatial patterns of resource exploitation may contribute to better large-scale species distribution models.

Objectives

We investigated (1) how the resource exploitation patterns of two trophic interactions (plant–insect) are explained by insect behaviour, resource aggregation, and potential insect-insect interactions. We also analyzed how (2) resource patch size and (3) resource accessibility in a heterogeneous landscape affected host exploitation patterns.

Methods

We quantified nectar robbing by insects in the genus Bombus (bumblebees) and seed predation by Brachypterolus vestitus larvae (Antirrhinum beetle) on Antirrhinum majus L. (wild snapdragons) in the Pyrenees Mountains, Catalonia, Spain. We tested hypotheses about resource exploitation by integrating spatial analyses at multiple scales.

Results

Both trophic interactions were aggregated, explained by the aggregation of their resource. At some scales, nectar robbing is more aggregated than the resource. Trophic interaction abundance is proportional to resource patch size, following the ideal free distribution model. Landscape features do not explain the locations exploited. Nectar robbing and seed predation occur together more often than expected.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that multiple biotic and ecological spatial factors may simultaneously affect resource exploitation at a local scale. These findings should be considered when developing agricultural projects, management plans and conservation policies.

背景生物资源开发是决定物种分布的关键因素。然而,在空间和时间上量化资源开发模式可能很困难,这使得将其纳入空间生态学研究变得更加复杂。因此,了解资源开发空间模式的局部驱动因素可能有助于更好地建立大规模物种分布模型。研究目的 我们研究了(1)昆虫行为、资源聚集和潜在的昆虫间相互作用如何解释两种营养相互作用(植物-昆虫)的资源开发模式。方法我们量化了西班牙加泰罗尼亚比利牛斯山脉中大黄蜂属昆虫抢夺花蜜的行为和野山椒甲虫幼虫捕食种子的行为。我们通过对多个尺度的空间分析进行整合,检验了有关资源开发的假设。在某些尺度上,抢夺花蜜比资源更聚集。营养交互作用的丰度与资源斑块的大小成正比,符合理想的自由分布模型。景观特征并不能解释被利用的地点。我们的研究结果表明,多种生物和生态空间因素可能同时影响局部范围的资源开发。在制定农业项目、管理计划和保护政策时应考虑这些发现。
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引用次数: 0
Long-term dynamics of grasslands and livestock in Norwegian cultural landscapes: implications for a sustainable transition of rural livelihoods 挪威文化景观中草地和牲畜的长期动态:对农村生计可持续转型的影响
IF 5.2 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-02 DOI: 10.1007/s10980-024-01955-4
Solomon Mulat Beyene, Vladimir Naumov, Per Angelstam

Context

Abandonment of cultural landscape practices has had a notable impact on grasslands and domestic livestock that depend on them. This affects the prerequisites for sustainable transitions of cultural landscapes, which combine traditional livelihoods and novel ones like tourism.

Objectives

The aims of this study were to explore (1) the long-term temporal dynamics of grassland and livestock in a regional gradient from coastal to inland landscapes in Norway and (2) the temporal development of tourism types among regions.

Methods

Using three regions as case studies, with 62 municipalities, we analyzed (1) the temporal dynamics of grassland and livestock using agricultural census data from 1918 to 1999 and (2) two tourism types. Kruskal–Wallis and ANOVA were used to examine whether the relative changes in grassland areas and livestock units, respectively, differed significantly among regions. A PCA was conducted to explore relationships between grassland and livestock types. The proportions of tourist categories were compared.

Results

The grassland area and thematic resolution of census data declined over time. Grassland areas correlated with domestic livestock units. Multivariate analysis explained 68% of the variation in grassland and livestock types among municipalities. There was a notable increase in the number of tourists, with summer tourism dominating where the cultural landscape was well conserved.

Conclusions

Our study underscores the importance of integrating regional historical trajectories for the conservation and use of valuable cultural landscapes, thereby providing sustainable transitions that combine traditional livelihoods and new types as tourism. Additional in-depth studies are needed to understand the detailed drivers of these changes.

背景文化景观实践的放弃对草地和依赖草地的家畜产生了显著影响。本研究的目的是探讨:(1) 挪威从沿海景观到内陆景观的区域梯度中草地和牲畜的长期时间动态;(2) 各地区旅游类型的时间发展。方法以三个地区的 62 个城市为案例,利用 1918 年至 1999 年的农业普查数据分析了:(1) 草地和牲畜的时间动态;(2) 两种旅游类型。我们使用 Kruskal-Wallis 和方差分析来检验不同地区草原面积和牲畜单位的相对变化是否存在显著差异。采用 PCA 方法探讨草原和畜牧业类型之间的关系。结果随着时间的推移,草原面积和普查数据的专题分辨率都有所下降。草原面积与家畜单位相关。多变量分析解释了 68% 的城市间草原和牲畜类型的变化。游客数量显著增加,在文化景观保护良好的地区,夏季旅游占主导地位。 结论:我们的研究强调了结合地区历史轨迹保护和利用宝贵的文化景观的重要性,从而提供结合传统生计和新型旅游业的可持续过渡。要了解这些变化的具体驱动因素,还需要进行更多的深入研究。
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引用次数: 0
Perceived ecosystem services differ substantially from calculated services using biophysical models 感知到的生态系统服务与使用生物物理模型计算出的服务大相径庭
IF 5.2 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-31 DOI: 10.1007/s10980-024-01967-0
Peiyuan Chen, Yuchen Zhou, Yansong Bai, Yihan Zhou, Luis Inostroza, Xiao Sun, Lumeng Liu, Qingxu Huang, Pengxin Wu, Cheng Liu

Context

Ecosystem services are fundamental for the well-being of residents and are an important basis for making regional sustainable development decisions. Existing studies mainly capture ecosystem services perceived by residents through questionnaires, or quantify the provision of regional ecosystem services through economic evaluation and biophysical evaluation. However, the discrepancy between model calculations and residents' perceptions remains lacking.

Objectives

Rapidly urbanizing watersheds can serve as a prime example for exploring the differences in ecosystem service outcomes between the two perspectives.

Methods

In this study, we quantified the potential supply of nine ecosystem services and residents' perceptions of these services in the Guanting Reservoir basin through biophysical modelling and questionnaire surveys. We then analyzed the discrepancies between the two perspectives through the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

Results

The results showed that among the vast majority of the population, half of the nine ecosystem services exhibited significant differences in comparisons between perceived values and model-calculated ones. The differences were more prominent for regulating and supporting services among urban residents, while for provisioning and cultural services among rural residents.

Conclusions

These differences highlight the necessity to consider quantitative results from diverse perspectives as well as on the benefits of different groups of interest. In rapidly urbanizing watersheds, infrastructure should be reinforced in rural areas to enhance rural residents’ accessibility of ecosystem services. With regard to urban areas, particular attention should be directed towards changes in regulating and supporting services.

背景生态系统服务是居民福祉的基础,也是制定区域可持续发展决策的重要依据。现有研究主要通过问卷调查获取居民感知的生态系统服务,或通过经济评估和生物物理评估量化区域生态系统服务的提供。方法 在本研究中,我们通过生物物理模型和问卷调查,量化了官厅水库流域九种生态系统服务的潜在供应量和居民对这些服务的感知。结果表明,在绝大多数居民中,九项生态系统服务中有一半的感知值与模型计算值之间存在显著差异。在城市居民中,调节和支持服务的差异更为明显,而在农村居民中,供给和文化服务的差异则更为明显。在快速城市化的流域中,应加强农村地区的基础设施建设,以提高农村居民获得生态系统服务的能力。在城市地区,应特别关注调节和支持服务的变化。
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引用次数: 0
Multiple habitat graphs: how connectivity brings forth landscape ecological processes 多重生境图:连通性如何带来景观生态过程
IF 5.2 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-29 DOI: 10.1007/s10980-024-01947-4
Paul Savary, Céline Clauzel, Jean-Christophe Foltête, Gilles Vuidel, Xavier Girardet, Marc Bourgeois, François-Marie Martin, Lise Ropars, Stéphane Garnier

Purpose

Habitat connectivity is integral to current biodiversity science and conservation strategies. Originally, the connectivity concept stressed the role of individual movements for landscape-scale processes. Connectivity determines whether populations can survive in sub-optimal patches (i.e., source-sink effects), complete life cycles relying on different habitat types (i.e., landscape complementation), and benefit from supplementary resources distributed over the landscape (i.e., landscape supplementation). Although the past decades have witnessed major improvements in habitat connectivity modeling, most approaches have yet to consider the multiplicity of habitat types that a species can benefit from. Without doing so, connectivity analyses potentially fail to meet one of their fundamental purposes: revealing how complex individual movements lead to landscape-scale ecological processes.

Methods

To bridge this conceptual and methodological gap, we propose to include multiple habitat types in spatial graph models of habitat connectivity, where nodes traditionally represent a single habitat type. Multiple habitat graphs will improve how we model connectivity and related landscape ecological processes, and how they are impacted by land cover changes.

Results

In three case studies, we use these graphs to model (i) source-sink effects, (ii) landscape supplementation, and (iii) complementation processes, in urban ecosystems, agricultural landscapes, and amphibian habitat networks, respectively. A new version of the Graphab open-source software implements the proposed approach.

Conclusion

Multiple habitat graphs help address crucial conservation challenges (e.g., urban sprawl, biological control, climate change) by representing more accurately the dynamics of populations, communities, and their interactions. Our approach thereby extends the ecologist’s toolbox and aims at fostering the alignment between landscape ecology theory and practice.

目的生境连通性是当前生物多样性科学和保护战略不可或缺的一部分。最初,连通性概念强调个体运动对景观尺度过程的作用。连通性决定了种群能否在次优斑块中生存(即源-汇效应),能否依靠不同的生境类型完成生命周期(即景观互补),以及能否从分布在景观中的补充资源中获益(即景观补充)。尽管在过去几十年中,栖息地连通性建模取得了重大进展,但大多数方法仍未考虑物种可受益的多种栖息地类型。为了弥补这一概念和方法上的差距,我们建议在生境连通性的空间图模型中包含多种生境类型,而传统的生境连通性图模型的节点只代表一种生境类型。结果在三个案例研究中,我们使用这些图分别对城市生态系统、农业景观和两栖动物栖息地网络中的(i)源-汇效应、(ii)景观补充和(iii)互补过程进行了建模。新版本的 Graphab 开源软件实现了所提出的方法。 结论多重栖息地图通过更准确地表示种群、群落及其相互作用的动态,有助于应对保护方面的关键挑战(如城市扩张、生物控制、气候变化)。因此,我们的方法扩展了生态学家的工具箱,旨在促进景观生态学理论与实践的结合。
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引用次数: 0
Towards sustainable building landscapes: a spatially explicit life-cycle analysis of carbon emissions and mitigation strategies 实现可持续建筑景观:对碳排放和减排战略进行空间明确的生命周期分析
IF 5.2 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1007/s10980-024-01953-6
Ting Mao, Yupeng Liu, Yingziwei Liu, Min Hao, Wei-Qiang Chen

Context

The urban landscape plays a crucial role in achieving sustainability goals and aspiring to a zero-emission future. Effective carbon mitigation strategies need a spatially explicit and life-cycle analysis of building emissions, detailed mapping highlights the geographical distribution and specific characteristics of buildings, enabling precise identification and targeted management of emission sources.

Objectives

This study aims to create a framework that reveals the spatial and temporal dimensions of building carbon emissions at each stage of their life cycle.

Methods

We developed a comprehensive approach for carbon accounting in buildings. This framework captures spatiotemporal carbon emission patterns across various building types, considering material, energy, and waste flows. It also identifies potential mitigation strategies within the urban building landscape.

Results

Applying this framework to a case study in Shenzhen, we observed a fluctuating increase in total carbon emissions, peaking at 201.5 Mt in 2016 and subsequently declining. Embodied emissions dominated before the twenty-first century, while operational emissions became significant afterward. Spatially, emissions hotspots concentrated in central urban districts, expanding outward, with residential buildings contributing the most. Scenario analysis revealed that extending building lifetimes is a key strategy for mitigating embodied carbon, while improving energy efficiency and adopting clean energy work well together to reduce operational carbon.

Conclusions

Mapping the spatiotemporal patterns of carbon emissions throughout a building’s lifespan can assist urban planners and policymakers in formulating targeted strategies for carbon reduction, thereby enhancing urban sustainability.

背景城市景观在实现可持续发展目标和零排放未来方面发挥着至关重要的作用。有效的碳减排战略需要对建筑物的排放进行空间明确的生命周期分析,详细的绘图可以突出建筑物的地理分布和具体特征,从而能够精确识别和有针对性地管理排放源。该框架考虑了材料流、能源流和废物流,捕捉了各种类型建筑的时空碳排放模式。结果将该框架应用于深圳的案例研究,我们观察到碳排放总量呈波动性增长,2016 年达到峰值 2.015 亿吨,随后有所下降。在 21 世纪之前,体现型排放占主导地位,而在 21 世纪之后,运行型排放变得十分重要。从空间上看,排放热点集中在城市中心区,并向外扩展,其中住宅建筑的贡献最大。情景分析表明,延长建筑寿命是减少内含碳的关键策略,而提高能效和采用清洁能源则能很好地共同减少运行碳。结论绘制建筑物整个生命周期的碳排放时空模式图,有助于城市规划者和决策者制定有针对性的减碳策略,从而提高城市的可持续性。
{"title":"Towards sustainable building landscapes: a spatially explicit life-cycle analysis of carbon emissions and mitigation strategies","authors":"Ting Mao, Yupeng Liu, Yingziwei Liu, Min Hao, Wei-Qiang Chen","doi":"10.1007/s10980-024-01953-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-024-01953-6","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Context</h3><p>The urban landscape plays a crucial role in achieving sustainability goals and aspiring to a zero-emission future. Effective carbon mitigation strategies need a spatially explicit and life-cycle analysis of building emissions, detailed mapping highlights the geographical distribution and specific characteristics of buildings, enabling precise identification and targeted management of emission sources.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>This study aims to create a framework that reveals the spatial and temporal dimensions of building carbon emissions at each stage of their life cycle.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We developed a comprehensive approach for carbon accounting in buildings. This framework captures spatiotemporal carbon emission patterns across various building types, considering material, energy, and waste flows. It also identifies potential mitigation strategies within the urban building landscape.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Applying this framework to a case study in Shenzhen, we observed a fluctuating increase in total carbon emissions, peaking at 201.5 Mt in 2016 and subsequently declining. Embodied emissions dominated before the twenty-first century, while operational emissions became significant afterward. Spatially, emissions hotspots concentrated in central urban districts, expanding outward, with residential buildings contributing the most. Scenario analysis revealed that extending building lifetimes is a key strategy for mitigating embodied carbon, while improving energy efficiency and adopting clean energy work well together to reduce operational carbon.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Mapping the spatiotemporal patterns of carbon emissions throughout a building’s lifespan can assist urban planners and policymakers in formulating targeted strategies for carbon reduction, thereby enhancing urban sustainability.</p>","PeriodicalId":54745,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Ecology","volume":"159 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142186356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Plant phylogenetic diversity along the urban–rural gradient and its association with urbanization degree in Shanghai, China 中国上海城乡梯度植物系统发育多样性及其与城市化程度的关系
IF 5.2 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-22 DOI: 10.1007/s10980-024-01958-1
Yutong Gao, Meng Wang, Xing Bi, Yuhan Liu, Caiyan Wu, Guojian Chen, Shengjian Kuang, Shaopeng Li, Conghe Song, Junxiang Li
<h3 data-test="abstract-sub-heading">Context</h3><p>The spatial distribution of plant diversity in urban areas is fundamental to understanding the relationship between urbanization and biodiversity. Previous research has primarily focused on taxonomic levels to assess species richness. In contrast, investigations into the spatial patterns of phylogenetic diversity in urban plants remain limited.</p><h3 data-test="abstract-sub-heading">Objectives</h3><p>This study aims to investigate the spatial patterns of plant phylogenetic diversity along an urban–rural gradient and quantify how phylogenetic diversity and the degree of urbanization are related.</p><h3 data-test="abstract-sub-heading">Methods</h3><p>A survey of vascular plants was conducted at 134 randomly selected sample plots along four urban–rural transects in Shanghai, China. Three phylogenetic diversity metrics were calculated: Faith’s phylogenetic diversity (PD), net relatedness index (NRI), and net nearest taxon index (NTI), along with the urbanization degree index (UDI). Regression analysis was employed to quantify the spatial patterns of plant phylogenetic diversity across different taxa along the urban–rural gradients and their relationships with UDI.</p><h3 data-test="abstract-sub-heading">Results</h3><p>The study observed seven distinct patterns of plant phylogenetic diversity along the urban–rural gradients in different taxa, which support the previous hypotheses that biological distribution patterns at the species level also hold true at the phylogenetic level. Faith’s phylogenetic diversity (PD) showed a linear increase with increasing UDI for total, woody, perennial, and cultivated plant assemblages. The UDI explained 3–36% of the variation in PD for these taxa. In contrast, PD for annual and spontaneous plants exhibited a linear decrease with increasing UDI, which explained 25% and 3% variation in PD for annual and spontaneous plants, respectively. The net relatedness index (NRI) for woody, perennial, and cultivated plants, as well as the net nearest taxon index (NTI) for perennial and cultivated plants, linearly increases with UDI, whereas the NRI for total, annual, and spontaneous plants, as well as NTI for total, woody, annual, and spontaneous plants linearly decrease with UDI. However, some of these trends were only marginally significant.</p><h3 data-test="abstract-sub-heading">Conclusions</h3><p>The spatial patterns of plant phylogenetic diversity varied along the urban-to-rural gradients, indicating that urban environmental filtering has an impact on plant phylogenetic diversity. Urbanization increased the phylogenetic richness of different plant taxa in Shanghai but resulted in more clustering and relatedness of species within plant assemblages. Phylogenetic richness exhibited a linear increase with UDI, while the phylogenetic divergence decreased with UDI. The UDI is a useful predictor for examining variations in plant phylogeny due to urbanization. Our findings provide
背景城市地区植物多样性的空间分布是了解城市化与生物多样性之间关系的基础。以往的研究主要集中在分类水平上评估物种丰富度。本研究旨在调查城乡梯度植物系统发育多样性的空间模式,并量化系统发育多样性与城市化程度之间的关系。方法在中国上海的四个城乡横断面上随机选取 134 个样地,对维管束植物进行调查。计算了三个系统发育多样性指标:费斯系统发育多样性(PD)、净亲缘关系指数(NRI)、净最近分类群指数(NTI)以及城市化程度指数(UDI)。结果该研究观察到了城乡梯度上不同类群植物系统发育多样性的七种不同模式,这支持了之前的假设,即物种水平上的生物分布模式在系统发育水平上也同样成立。对于总植物、木本植物、多年生植物和栽培植物群而言,菲斯系统发育多样性(PD)随着 UDI 的增加而呈线性增长。UDI 解释了这些类群 PD 变化的 3-36%。与此相反,一年生植物和自生植物的 PD 随 UDI 的增加呈线性下降,UDI 分别解释了一年生植物和自生植物 PD 变化的 25% 和 3%。木本植物、多年生植物和栽培植物的净亲缘关系指数(NRI)以及多年生植物和栽培植物的净最近分类群指数(NTI)随 UDI 的增加而线性增加,而全部植物、一年生植物和自生植物的净亲缘关系指数以及全部植物、木本植物、一年生植物和自生植物的净最近分类群指数随 UDI 的增加而线性减少。结论植物系统发育多样性的空间模式沿城市-农村梯度变化,表明城市环境过滤对植物系统发育多样性有影响。城市化增加了上海不同植物类群的系统发育丰富度,但导致植物群落中物种的聚类和亲缘关系增加。系统发育丰富度随 UDI 呈线性增长,而系统发育分异度则随 UDI 下降。UDI 是研究城市化导致的植物系统发育变化的有用预测指标。我们的研究结果提供了城市化如何影响植物系统发育多样性的见解,有助于城市植物多样性的保护。
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引用次数: 0
Predicted future range expansion of a small carnivore: swift fox in North America 预测一种小型食肉动物未来的分布范围:北美洲的燕狐
IF 5.2 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-20 DOI: 10.1007/s10980-024-01962-5
Dana L. Nelson, Courtney J. Marneweck, William J. McShea, Hila Shamon, David S. Jachowski

Context

Small carnivores are declining globally due to a complex suite of threats. Conservation of these species requires an understanding of their distributions and potential responses to future land-use and climate change.

Objectives

We modelled species-environment relationships of swift fox (Vulpes velox), a species of concern across their range. We developed spatial projections of current and future distribution to aid in conservation planning.

Methods

We assembled swift fox occurrence data from managers and community science sources to develop ensemble distribution models. In addition to landscape and climatic predictors, we developed a model of red fox distribution to represent effects of competition. We forecasted spatial predictions into the year 2070 under two climate change scenarios representing high (SSP 5–8.5) and low (SSP 1–2.6) emissions scenarios.

Results

Percent cover by grassland, mean annual precipitation, and minimum temperature of the coldest quarter were the three most important variables for swift fox distribution. Current suitable habitat for swift fox extends across 16 North American states and provinces. Future projections of swift fox distribution suggest an overall increase in area of swift fox suitable habitat under both emissions scenarios of > 56.9%, though patterns of gain and loss vary spatially.

Conclusions

The expansion of suitable habitat in future scenarios reflects swift fox adaptability to multiple land uses in a period following multi-organizational conservation efforts. Our spatial projections can be used in conservation planning and can serve as a case study of a small carnivore species likely to recover under future change scenarios provided that threats are addressed and landscape-scale conservation efforts continue.

背景由于一系列复杂的威胁,小型食肉动物正在全球范围内减少。保护这些物种需要了解它们的分布情况以及对未来土地利用和气候变化的潜在反应。目标我们建立了燕狐(Vulpes velox)的物种-环境关系模型,燕狐是整个分布区都受到关注的物种。我们收集了来自管理者和社区科学来源的燕狐出现数据,以开发集合分布模型。除了景观和气候预测因素外,我们还开发了一个红狐分布模型,以表示竞争的影响。我们在两种气候变化情景下对 2070 年的空间预测进行了预测,这两种情景分别代表高排放情景(SSP 5-8.5)和低排放情景(SSP 1-2.6)。燕狐目前的适宜栖息地遍布北美 16 个州和省。对未来燕狐分布的预测表明,在两种排放情景下,燕狐适宜栖息地的总体面积将增加 56.9%,但增加和减少的模式在空间上有所不同。我们的空间预测可用于保护规划,并可作为小型食肉动物在未来变化情景下可能恢复的案例研究,前提是威胁得到解决,景观尺度的保护工作继续进行。
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引用次数: 0
Brown bear habitat use patterns across 19 years of population expansion in the Cantabrian Mountains 坎塔布里亚山脉棕熊栖息地使用模式跨越 19 年的种群扩张历程
IF 5.2 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-20 DOI: 10.1007/s10980-024-01943-8
Carolina Nogueira, Dário Hipólito, Doriana Pando, João Carvalho, Carlos Fonseca, Alfonso Hartasánchez, José Ramón Magadan, Luís M. Rosalino, Rita T. Torres, Roberto Hartasánchez, Eduardo Ferreira

Context

Large carnivores have faced severe extinction pressures throughout Europe during the last centuries, where human-induced disturbances reached unprecedented levels. In the late twentieth century, the Cantabrian brown bear population was on the verge of extinction, due to poaching. Yet, the end of the last century was a turning point for this population. Presence data on the western Cantabrian subpopulation was collected since the beginning of the century and insights provided by this long-term monitoring may be useful for brown bear conservation.

Objectives

Here, we aim to: (i) identify the landscape features relevant to bears’ recovery; and (ii) understand if and how the landscape use patterns by bears changed over time.

Methods

We tested the influence of landscape structure (i.e., composition and configuration) on bear occurrence patterns using MAXENT in three periods representative of land cover change.

Results

Despite variation across the 19-year monitoring period, brown bears were more often detected near broad-leaf forests and bare rock areas and at lower to intermediate altitudes, but avoided arable lands, permanent crops, and burnt areas. Human population density or distance to roads—often used for modelling habitat suitability for Cantabrian brown bears—were not identified as relevant variables for this brown bear subpopulation. Artificial areas were identified as relevant landscape features, but not as disturbance.

Conclusions

These findings reinforce the importance of preserving bears’ native habitats and provide new insights, namely on the use of humanized landscapes.

背景在过去的几个世纪中,整个欧洲的大型食肉动物都面临着严重的灭绝压力,人类造成的干扰达到了前所未有的程度。二十世纪末,由于偷猎,坎塔布里亚棕熊种群濒临灭绝。然而,上世纪末是棕熊种群的转折点。我们从本世纪初就开始收集坎塔布里亚西部棕熊亚群的存在数据,这些长期监测数据可能对棕熊保护有所帮助:(方法我们在三个具有代表性的土地覆被变化时期使用 MAXENT 测试了景观结构(即组成和配置)对棕熊出现模式的影响。结果尽管在 19 年的监测期内存在差异,但在阔叶林和裸岩区附近以及中低海拔地区更经常发现棕熊,但棕熊会避开耕地、永久性作物和焚烧区。人口密度和距离公路的远近通常被用来模拟坎塔布里亚棕熊的栖息地适宜性,但没有发现与该棕熊亚群相关的变量。这些发现加强了保护棕熊原生栖息地的重要性,并提供了新的见解,即如何利用人性化景观。
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引用次数: 0
Ecosystem service supply–demand ratio zoning and thresholds of the key influencing factors in the Pearl River Delta, China 中国珠江三角洲生态系统服务供需比区划及主要影响因素阈值
IF 5.2 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-18 DOI: 10.1007/s10980-024-01964-3
Yixuan Wu, Yiming Liu, Hui Zeng

Context

Human demand for natural resources continues to increase owing to climate change and population growth. The supply capacity of ecosystem services has also declined drastically, posing a severe threat to the long-term sustainability of human society.

Objectives

Taking the fast-urbanized Pearl River Delta (PRD) as the study area, the specific research objectives of this study were to intuitively reveal the spatial distribution of ecosystem service supply–demand relationships in rapid urbanization and explore the dominant influencing factors and their impact process on ecosystem service supply–demand relationships.

Methods

It zoned the ecological space based on the ecosystem service supply–demand ratio (ESSDR) evaluated by six typical ecosystem services. And then, the Geographical Detector model, Structural Equation Modeling and regression analysis were used to explore the ranking and threshold effects of influencing factors of ESSDR.

Results

(1) From 2000 to 2020, the ESSDR in the central PRD deteriorated, whereas the ESSDR in the remote areas of the PRD was further optimized. Stable grading eigenvalues of the ESSDR were found based on cumulative frequency curves from 2000 to 2020. (2) Green density (GD) and land development size (LDS) were the dominant natural and social factors influencing ESSDR in the PRD, respectively. (3) There were two thresholds in the impact process of GD (21% and 66%) and LDS (8% and 54%) on the ESSDR, which matched the gradients of urban, developing urban, and rural areas.

Conclusions

There are certain thresholds in the ESSDR responding to land use change. The focus should be on the imbalance in areas with GD < 21% or LDS > 54% and protective measures should be strengthened in areas with GD > 66% or LDS < 8%.

背景由于气候变化和人口增长,人类对自然资源的需求持续增加。生态系统服务的供给能力也急剧下降,对人类社会的长期可持续发展构成严重威胁。目标以快速城市化的珠江三角洲(PRD)为研究区域,直观揭示快速城市化进程中生态系统服务供需关系的空间分布,探讨生态系统服务供需关系的主导影响因素及其影响过程。结果(1)2000-2020年,珠三角中部地区ESSDR恶化,珠三角偏远地区ESSDR进一步优化。根据 2000 年至 2020 年的累积频率曲线,找到了稳定的ESSDR 分级特征值。(2)绿化密度和土地开发规模分别是影响珠三角ESSDR的主要自然因素和社会因素。(3)绿地密度(21%和66%)和土地开发规模(8%和54%)对ESSDR的影响过程存在两个阈值,与城市、发展中城市和农村地区的梯度相匹配。应重点关注 GD < 21% 或 LDS > 54% 地区的失衡问题,并加强 GD > 66% 或 LDS < 8% 地区的保护措施。
{"title":"Ecosystem service supply–demand ratio zoning and thresholds of the key influencing factors in the Pearl River Delta, China","authors":"Yixuan Wu, Yiming Liu, Hui Zeng","doi":"10.1007/s10980-024-01964-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-024-01964-3","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Context</h3><p>Human demand for natural resources continues to increase owing to climate change and population growth. The supply capacity of ecosystem services has also declined drastically, posing a severe threat to the long-term sustainability of human society.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>Taking the fast-urbanized Pearl River Delta (PRD) as the study area, the specific research objectives of this study were to intuitively reveal the spatial distribution of ecosystem service supply–demand relationships in rapid urbanization and explore the dominant influencing factors and their impact process on ecosystem service supply–demand relationships.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>It zoned the ecological space based on the ecosystem service supply–demand ratio (ESSDR) evaluated by six typical ecosystem services. And then, the Geographical Detector model, Structural Equation Modeling and regression analysis were used to explore the ranking and threshold effects of influencing factors of ESSDR.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>(1) From 2000 to 2020, the ESSDR in the central PRD deteriorated, whereas the ESSDR in the remote areas of the PRD was further optimized. Stable grading eigenvalues of the ESSDR were found based on cumulative frequency curves from 2000 to 2020. (2) Green density (GD) and land development size (LDS) were the dominant natural and social factors influencing ESSDR in the PRD, respectively. (3) There were two thresholds in the impact process of GD (21% and 66%) and LDS (8% and 54%) on the ESSDR, which matched the gradients of urban, developing urban, and rural areas.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>There are certain thresholds in the ESSDR responding to land use change. The focus should be on the imbalance in areas with GD &lt; 21% or LDS &gt; 54% and protective measures should be strengthened in areas with GD &gt; 66% or LDS &lt; 8%.</p>","PeriodicalId":54745,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Ecology","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142227793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Competitive exclusion drives termite community assembly process on islands 竞争性排斥推动了岛屿上白蚁群落的集结过程
IF 5.2 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-17 DOI: 10.1007/s10980-024-01922-z
Yuanyuan Luo, Donghao Wu, Changlu Weng, Wenjie Zhou, Mingjian Yu, Aiying Zhang

Context

Abiotic filtering, including environmental and dispersal filtering, is frequently observed resulting in reduced diversity and more similar species assemblages following habitat fragmentation. Nonetheless, the significance of competitive exclusion is often underestimated.

Objectives

We investigated the dominant assembly process among termite communities on land-bridge islands, focusing on species known for their high territoriality. We hypothesized that competitively superior species tend to dominate more favorable habitats, such as larger and less isolated islands. Consequently, we anticipated lower diversity and greater similarity in species assemblages than would be expected.

Methods

Termite communities were surveyed using standardized transects on 24 islands. We quantified the standardized effects of island area and isolation on taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity by comparing observed patterns with randomly generated communities (i.e., stochastic process). A phylogenetic generalized linear mixed model (PGLMM) was conducted to examine species-specific responses to environmental factors and competition intensity (i.e., heterospecific abundance).

Results

We found that taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity were lower than expected on larger and less isolated islands, suggesting that competitive exclusion was the dominant mechanism shaping termite communities in TIL. PGLMM showed that two fungus-growing species with larger body sizes increased with competition intensity, while other species exhibited negative responses. Notably, the abundance of fungus-growing species showed sharper increase with island area and decrease with isolation compared to other feeding groups. These findings demonstrate that competitively superior species prefer high-quality habitats and are more sensitive to habitat fragmentation.

Conclusions

Our study highlights the significance of competitive exclusion in shaping termite communities and emphasizes the need to consider both competitive and niche difference among species or functional groups when predict changes in community structure and biodiversity loss resulting from habitat fragmentation.

背景生物过滤(包括环境过滤和扩散过滤)经常被观察到,导致栖息地破碎化后多样性降低,物种组合更加相似。我们研究了陆桥岛屿上白蚁群落的主要集结过程,重点是以高领地性著称的物种。我们假设,竞争优势物种往往会占据更有利的栖息地,如较大和较不孤立的岛屿。因此,我们预计物种群落的多样性和相似性会比预期的要低。通过将观察到的模式与随机生成的群落(即随机过程)进行比较,我们量化了岛屿面积和隔离度对分类、系统发育和功能多样性的标准化影响。结果我们发现,在面积较大和隔离程度较低的岛屿上,白蚁的分类、系统发育和功能多样性都比预期的低,这表明竞争排斥是形成 TIL 白蚁群落的主要机制。PGLMM显示,两个体型较大的真菌生长物种随着竞争强度的增加而增加,而其他物种则表现出消极反应。值得注意的是,与其他觅食类群相比,长菌类群的数量随岛屿面积的增加而急剧增加,随隔离程度的增加而急剧减少。结论:我们的研究强调了竞争排斥在白蚁群落形成过程中的重要作用,并强调在预测生境破碎化导致的群落结构变化和生物多样性损失时,需要同时考虑物种或功能组之间的竞争差异和生态位差异。
{"title":"Competitive exclusion drives termite community assembly process on islands","authors":"Yuanyuan Luo, Donghao Wu, Changlu Weng, Wenjie Zhou, Mingjian Yu, Aiying Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s10980-024-01922-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-024-01922-z","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Context</h3><p>Abiotic filtering, including environmental and dispersal filtering, is frequently observed resulting in reduced diversity and more similar species assemblages following habitat fragmentation. Nonetheless, the significance of competitive exclusion is often underestimated.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>We investigated the dominant assembly process among termite communities on land-bridge islands, focusing on species known for their high territoriality. We hypothesized that competitively superior species tend to dominate more favorable habitats, such as larger and less isolated islands. Consequently, we anticipated lower diversity and greater similarity in species assemblages than would be expected.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Termite communities were surveyed using standardized transects on 24 islands. We quantified the standardized effects of island area and isolation on taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity by comparing observed patterns with randomly generated communities (i.e., stochastic process). A phylogenetic generalized linear mixed model (PGLMM) was conducted to examine species-specific responses to environmental factors and competition intensity (i.e., heterospecific abundance).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>We found that taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity were lower than expected on larger and less isolated islands, suggesting that competitive exclusion was the dominant mechanism shaping termite communities in TIL. PGLMM showed that two fungus-growing species with larger body sizes increased with competition intensity, while other species exhibited negative responses. Notably, the abundance of fungus-growing species showed sharper increase with island area and decrease with isolation compared to other feeding groups. These findings demonstrate that competitively superior species prefer high-quality habitats and are more sensitive to habitat fragmentation.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Our study highlights the significance of competitive exclusion in shaping termite communities and emphasizes the need to consider both competitive and niche difference among species or functional groups when predict changes in community structure and biodiversity loss resulting from habitat fragmentation.</p>","PeriodicalId":54745,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Ecology","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142186391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Landscape Ecology
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