Pub Date : 2024-05-28DOI: 10.1007/s10980-024-01910-3
Aino Hämäläinen, Lenore Fahrig
Context
Landscape habitat amount is known to increase biodiversity, while the effects of habitat fragmentation are still debated. It has been suggested that negative fragmentation effects may occur with a time lag, which could explain inconsistent results. However, there is so far no empirical support for this idea.
Objectives
We evaluated whether habitat amount and fragmentation at the landscape scale affect the species density of deadwood-dwelling lichens, and whether these effects occur with a time lag.
Methods
We surveyed deadwood-dwelling lichens in woodland key habitats in two regions in northern Sweden, and modelled their species density as a function of past (1960s) and present (2010s) habitat amount (old forest area) and fragmentation (edge density) in the surrounding landscapes.
Results
Present habitat amount generally had weak positive effects on lichen species density. Positive effects of the past habitat amount were stronger, indicating a time lag in habitat amount effects. Habitat fragmentation effects were generally weak and similar whether fragmentation was measured in the past or the present landscapes, indicating no time lag in fragmentation effects.
Conclusions
We found a time lag effect of habitat amount, but not fragmentation. This result is not consistent with suggestions that time lags explain the mixed observations of fragmentation effects. Time-lag effects of habitat amount suggest that the studied lichen communities face an extinction debt. Conservation should therefore prioritize increasing the amount of old forest, for example by creating forest reserves, to maintain the current lichen diversity. More generally, our results imply that studies examining only the present habitat amount risk under-estimating its importance.
{"title":"Time-lag effects of habitat loss, but not fragmentation, on deadwood-dwelling lichens","authors":"Aino Hämäläinen, Lenore Fahrig","doi":"10.1007/s10980-024-01910-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-024-01910-3","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Context</h3><p>Landscape habitat amount is known to increase biodiversity, while the effects of habitat fragmentation are still debated. It has been suggested that negative fragmentation effects may occur with a time lag, which could explain inconsistent results. However, there is so far no empirical support for this idea.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>We evaluated whether habitat amount and fragmentation at the landscape scale affect the species density of deadwood-dwelling lichens, and whether these effects occur with a time lag.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We surveyed deadwood-dwelling lichens in woodland key habitats in two regions in northern Sweden, and modelled their species density as a function of past (1960s) and present (2010s) habitat amount (old forest area) and fragmentation (edge density) in the surrounding landscapes.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Present habitat amount generally had weak positive effects on lichen species density. Positive effects of the past habitat amount were stronger, indicating a time lag in habitat amount effects. Habitat fragmentation effects were generally weak and similar whether fragmentation was measured in the past or the present landscapes, indicating no time lag in fragmentation effects.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>We found a time lag effect of habitat amount, but not fragmentation. This result is not consistent with suggestions that time lags explain the mixed observations of fragmentation effects. Time-lag effects of habitat amount suggest that the studied lichen communities face an extinction debt. Conservation should therefore prioritize increasing the amount of old forest, for example by creating forest reserves, to maintain the current lichen diversity. More generally, our results imply that studies examining only the present habitat amount risk under-estimating its importance.</p>","PeriodicalId":54745,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Ecology","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141173543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-27DOI: 10.1007/s10980-024-01909-w
Mitchell W. Serota, Pablo A. E. Alarcón, Emiliano Donadio, Arthur D. Middleton
Context
Widespread globally, roads impact the distribution of wildlife by influencing habitat use and avoidance patterns near roadways and disrupting movement across them. Wildlife responses to roads are known to vary across species; however within species, the response to roads may depend on the season or the individual’s behavioral state.
Objectives
We assess the movement behavior and space use of the most widespread large herbivore in Patagonia, the guanaco (Lama guanicoe). We estimated the preference or avoidance to paved or unpaved roads (the proximity effect) and the preference or avoidance to traverse them (the crossing effect).
Methods
Using GPS collar data, we combined Hidden Markov Models with an integrated step selection analysis to segment guanaco movement trajectories into individual behaviors and test for differences in road effects on movement.
Results
We found that guanacos display distinct movement responses to different types of roads depending on their behavioral state. Guanacos select for proximity to paved roads while foraging, but against them when traveling. Yet, guanacos select for unpaved roads when traveling. Despite the selection for proximity to paved roads, guanacos avoid crossing them, irrespective of their behavioral state.
Conclusion
Our findings offer significant implications for guanaco distribution and management across Patagonia. The selection for roads strongly influences the distribution of guanacos, which could concentrate grazing in some areas while freeing others. Despite potential benefits such as increased vegetation near roadsides, increased association with roads while foraging may result in an ecological trap. Finally, the strong aversion to crossing paved roads raises concerns about habitat loss and connectivity.
{"title":"Behavioral state-dependent selection of roads by guanacos","authors":"Mitchell W. Serota, Pablo A. E. Alarcón, Emiliano Donadio, Arthur D. Middleton","doi":"10.1007/s10980-024-01909-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-024-01909-w","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Context</h3><p>Widespread globally, roads impact the distribution of wildlife by influencing habitat use and avoidance patterns near roadways and disrupting movement across them. Wildlife responses to roads are known to vary across species; however within species, the response to roads may depend on the season or the individual’s behavioral state.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>We assess the movement behavior and space use of the most widespread large herbivore in Patagonia, the guanaco (<i>Lama guanicoe).</i> We estimated the preference or avoidance to paved or unpaved roads (the proximity effect) and the preference or avoidance to traverse them (the crossing effect).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Using GPS collar data, we combined Hidden Markov Models with an integrated step selection analysis to segment guanaco movement trajectories into individual behaviors and test for differences in road effects on movement.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>We found that guanacos display distinct movement responses to different types of roads depending on their behavioral state. Guanacos select for proximity to paved roads while foraging, but against them when traveling. Yet, guanacos select for unpaved roads when traveling. Despite the selection for proximity to paved roads, guanacos avoid crossing them, irrespective of their behavioral state.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Our findings offer significant implications for guanaco distribution and management across Patagonia. The selection for roads strongly influences the distribution of guanacos, which could concentrate grazing in some areas while freeing others. Despite potential benefits such as increased vegetation near roadsides, increased association with roads while foraging may result in an ecological trap. Finally, the strong aversion to crossing paved roads raises concerns about habitat loss and connectivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":54745,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Ecology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141166677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Correction: Inferring future changes in gene flow under climate change in rivers capes: a pilot case study in fluvial sculpin","authors":"Souta Nakajima, Hiroaki Suzuki, Makoto Nakatsugawa, Ayumi Matsuo, Shun K. Hirota, Yoshihisa Suyama, Futoshi Nakamura","doi":"10.1007/s10980-024-01904-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-024-01904-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54745,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Ecology","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141166939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-03DOI: 10.1007/s10980-024-01902-3
Amanda E. Cheeseman, David S. Jachowski, Roland Kays
Context
Shifts in climate and land use have dramatically reshaped ecosystems, impacting the distribution and status of wildlife populations. For many species, data gaps limit inference regarding population trends and links to environmental change. This deficiency hinders our ability to enact meaningful conservation measures to protect at risk species.
Objectives
We investigated historical drivers of environmental niche change for three North American weasel species (American ermine, least weasel, and long-tailed weasel) to understand their response to environmental change.
Methods
Using species occurrence records and corresponding environmental data, we developed species-specific environmental niche models for the contiguous United States (1938–2021). We generated annual hindcasted predictions of the species’ environmental niche, assessing changes in distribution, area, and fragmentation in response to environmental change.
Results
We identified a 54% decline in suitable habitat alongside high levels of fragmentation for least weasels and region-specific trends for American ermine and long-tailed weasels; declines in the West and increased suitability in the East. Climate and land use were important predictors of the environmental niche for all species. Changes in habitat amount and distribution reflected widespread land use changes over the past century while declines in southern and low-elevation areas are consistent with impacts from climatic change.
Conclusions
Our models uncovered land use and climatic change as potential historic drivers of population change for North American weasels and provide a basis for management recommendations and targeted survey efforts. We identified potentially at-risk populations and a need for landscape-level planning to support weasel populations amid ongoing environmental changes.
{"title":"From past habitats to present threats: tracing North American weasel distributions through a century of climate and land use change","authors":"Amanda E. Cheeseman, David S. Jachowski, Roland Kays","doi":"10.1007/s10980-024-01902-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-024-01902-3","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Context</h3><p>Shifts in climate and land use have dramatically reshaped ecosystems, impacting the distribution and status of wildlife populations. For many species, data gaps limit inference regarding population trends and links to environmental change. This deficiency hinders our ability to enact meaningful conservation measures to protect at risk species.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>We investigated historical drivers of environmental niche change for three North American weasel species (American ermine, least weasel, and long-tailed weasel) to understand their response to environmental change.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Using species occurrence records and corresponding environmental data, we developed species-specific environmental niche models for the contiguous United States (1938–2021). We generated annual hindcasted predictions of the species’ environmental niche, assessing changes in distribution, area, and fragmentation in response to environmental change.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>We identified a 54% decline in suitable habitat alongside high levels of fragmentation for least weasels and region-specific trends for American ermine and long-tailed weasels; declines in the West and increased suitability in the East. Climate and land use were important predictors of the environmental niche for all species. Changes in habitat amount and distribution reflected widespread land use changes over the past century while declines in southern and low-elevation areas are consistent with impacts from climatic change.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Our models uncovered land use and climatic change as potential historic drivers of population change for North American weasels and provide a basis for management recommendations and targeted survey efforts. We identified potentially at-risk populations and a need for landscape-level planning to support weasel populations amid ongoing environmental changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":54745,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Ecology","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140883017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-03DOI: 10.1007/s10980-024-01898-w
Liming Xue, Tianyou Li, Xiuzhen Li, Yuxin Bi, Lin Su, Yuanhao Song, Wenzhen Zhao, Jianzhong Ge, Qing He, Benwei Shi
Context
Salt marsh landscapes at the land-sea interfaces exhibit contrasting spatiotemporal dynamics, resulting from varying physical constraints that limit new marsh establishment. The expansion of salt marsh landscapes towards the sea or their retreat towards the land is determined by patch-level changes, relying on the balance of power between the intrinsic biota traits and external physical disturbances.
Objectives
Examine how marsh dynamics respond to physical constraints, and clarify the pathway from coupled physical processes involving hydrodynamic forces, sediment transport, and morphological changes to rapid patch evolution and landscape changes.
Methods
We defined and distinguished four types of marsh changes based on patch proximities from five-month drone images in two typical marsh pioneer zones of the Yangtze Estuary, China: outlying expansion, edge expansion, infilling expansion, and retreat. Hydrodynamics and sediment transport were synchronously measured and compared near the two marsh edges, and morphological changes were generated by drone-derived digital elevation models (DEMs).
Results
We identified distinct seasonal patterns of net marsh expansion at the accretion-prone site, that is: Net marsh expansion started from the outlying expansion in spring, followed by edge expansion in summer and infilling expansion in autumn. However, at the erosion-prone site that experienced high bed shear stress, low sediment availability and high seaward sediment transport, we only observed limited infilling and edge expansion in spring. This suggests that the potential for long-distance patch formation beyond the initial marsh edges is diminished in areas subjected to intensive physical disturbances.
Conclusions
Patch evolution dynamics in response to site-specific physical constraints drive state differentiation of salt marsh landscape changes. Consequently, the heterogeneous evolution in salt marsh landscapes should be taken into account in restoration practice.
{"title":"Short-term evolution pattern in salt marsh landscapes: the importance of physical constraints","authors":"Liming Xue, Tianyou Li, Xiuzhen Li, Yuxin Bi, Lin Su, Yuanhao Song, Wenzhen Zhao, Jianzhong Ge, Qing He, Benwei Shi","doi":"10.1007/s10980-024-01898-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-024-01898-w","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Context</h3><p>Salt marsh landscapes at the land-sea interfaces exhibit contrasting spatiotemporal dynamics, resulting from varying physical constraints that limit new marsh establishment. The expansion of salt marsh landscapes towards the sea or their retreat towards the land is determined by patch-level changes, relying on the balance of power between the intrinsic biota traits and external physical disturbances.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>Examine how marsh dynamics respond to physical constraints, and clarify the pathway from coupled physical processes involving hydrodynamic forces, sediment transport, and morphological changes to rapid patch evolution and landscape changes.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We defined and distinguished four types of marsh changes based on patch proximities from five-month drone images in two typical marsh pioneer zones of the Yangtze Estuary, China: outlying expansion, edge expansion, infilling expansion, and retreat. Hydrodynamics and sediment transport were synchronously measured and compared near the two marsh edges, and morphological changes were generated by drone-derived digital elevation models (DEMs).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>We identified distinct seasonal patterns of net marsh expansion at the accretion-prone site, that is: Net marsh expansion started from the outlying expansion in spring, followed by edge expansion in summer and infilling expansion in autumn. However, at the erosion-prone site that experienced high bed shear stress, low sediment availability and high seaward sediment transport, we only observed limited infilling and edge expansion in spring. This suggests that the potential for long-distance patch formation beyond the initial marsh edges is diminished in areas subjected to intensive physical disturbances.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Patch evolution dynamics in response to site-specific physical constraints drive state differentiation of salt marsh landscape changes. Consequently, the heterogeneous evolution in salt marsh landscapes should be taken into account in restoration practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":54745,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Ecology","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140883013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-02DOI: 10.1007/s10980-024-01866-4
Emma Gardner, Robert A. Robinson, Angela Julian, Katherine Boughey, Steve Langham, Jenny Tse-Leon, Sergei Petrovskii, David J. Baker, Chloe Bellamy, Andrew Buxton, Samantha Franks, Chris Monk, Nicola Morris, Kirsty J. Park, Silviu Petrovan, Katie Pitt, Rachel Taylor, Rebecca K. Turner, Steven J. R. Allain, Val Bradley, Richard K. Broughton, Mandy Cartwright, Kevin Clarke, Jon Cranfield, Elisa Fuentes-Montemayor, Robert Gandola, Tony Gent, Shelley A. Hinsley, Thomas Madsen, Chris Reading, John W. Redhead, Sonia Reveley, John Wilkinson, Carol Williams, Ian Woodward, John Baker, Philip Briggs, Sheila Dyason, Steve Langton, Ashlea Mawby, Richard F. Pywell, James M. Bullock
Context
Land-use change is a key driver of biodiversity loss. Models that accurately predict how biodiversity might be affected by land-use changes are urgently needed, to help avoid further negative impacts and inform landscape-scale restoration projects. To be effective, such models must balance model realism with computational tractability and must represent the different habitat and connectivity requirements of multiple species.
Objectives
We explored the extent to which process-based modelling might fulfil this role, examining feasibility for different taxa and potential for informing real-world decision-making.
Methods
We developed a family of process-based models (*4pop) that simulate landscape use by birds, bats, reptiles and amphibians, derived from the well-established poll4pop model (designed to simulate bee populations). Given landcover data, the models predict spatially-explicit relative abundance by simulating optimal home-range foraging, reproduction, dispersal of offspring and mortality. The models were co-developed by researchers, conservation NGOs and volunteer surveyors, parameterised using literature data and expert opinion, and validated against observational datasets collected across Great Britain.
Results
The models were able to simulate habitat specialists, generalists, and species requiring access to multiple habitats for different types of resources (e.g. breeding vs foraging). We identified model refinements required for some taxa and considerations for modelling further species/groups.
Conclusions
We suggest process-based models that integrate multiple forms of knowledge can assist biodiversity-inclusive decision-making by predicting habitat use throughout the year, expanding the range of species that can be modelled, and enabling decision-makers to better account for landscape context and habitat configuration effects on population persistence.
{"title":"A family of process-based models to simulate landscape use by multiple taxa","authors":"Emma Gardner, Robert A. Robinson, Angela Julian, Katherine Boughey, Steve Langham, Jenny Tse-Leon, Sergei Petrovskii, David J. Baker, Chloe Bellamy, Andrew Buxton, Samantha Franks, Chris Monk, Nicola Morris, Kirsty J. Park, Silviu Petrovan, Katie Pitt, Rachel Taylor, Rebecca K. Turner, Steven J. R. Allain, Val Bradley, Richard K. Broughton, Mandy Cartwright, Kevin Clarke, Jon Cranfield, Elisa Fuentes-Montemayor, Robert Gandola, Tony Gent, Shelley A. Hinsley, Thomas Madsen, Chris Reading, John W. Redhead, Sonia Reveley, John Wilkinson, Carol Williams, Ian Woodward, John Baker, Philip Briggs, Sheila Dyason, Steve Langton, Ashlea Mawby, Richard F. Pywell, James M. Bullock","doi":"10.1007/s10980-024-01866-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-024-01866-4","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Context</h3><p>Land-use change is a key driver of biodiversity loss. Models that accurately predict how biodiversity might be affected by land-use changes are urgently needed, to help avoid further negative impacts and inform landscape-scale restoration projects. To be effective, such models must balance model realism with computational tractability and must represent the different habitat and connectivity requirements of multiple species.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>We explored the extent to which process-based modelling might fulfil this role, examining feasibility for different taxa and potential for informing real-world decision-making.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We developed a family of process-based models (*4pop) that simulate landscape use by birds, bats, reptiles and amphibians, derived from the well-established poll4pop model (designed to simulate bee populations). Given landcover data, the models predict spatially-explicit relative abundance by simulating optimal home-range foraging, reproduction, dispersal of offspring and mortality. The models were co-developed by researchers, conservation NGOs and volunteer surveyors, parameterised using literature data and expert opinion, and validated against observational datasets collected across Great Britain.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The models were able to simulate habitat specialists, generalists, and species requiring access to multiple habitats for different types of resources (e.g. breeding vs foraging). We identified model refinements required for some taxa and considerations for modelling further species/groups.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>We suggest process-based models that integrate multiple forms of knowledge can assist biodiversity-inclusive decision-making by predicting habitat use throughout the year, expanding the range of species that can be modelled, and enabling decision-makers to better account for landscape context and habitat configuration effects on population persistence.</p>","PeriodicalId":54745,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Ecology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140883023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-30DOI: 10.1007/s10980-024-01897-x
Johanna Märtz, Falko Brieger, Manisha Bhardwaj
Context
To investigate the major impact of roads on wildlife, most studies focus on hot-spots of wildlife-vehicle collisions (WVC) to identify areas in need of mitigation measures. However, on road stretches where the frequency of WVC is low, a question arises: is this because those locations are 'safe’ places for wildlife to cross the road with little risk of collisions; or is it because individuals avoid approaching and crossing the road in these locations?
Objectives
In this study, we addressed this gap by evaluating how roe deer crossings are related to WVC risk across the road network.
Methods
We used 56 076 WVC locations between 2013 and 2017 to predict the spatiotemporal risk zones in response to environmental, road-related and seasonal predictors using Species-Distribution Modelling (SDM). We compared the predictive WVC risk to the location of 20 744 road crossing by 46 GPS-collared roe deer individuals.
Results
We found that the risk of WVC with roe deer tends to be higher on federal roads that are present in a density of approximate 2.2 km/km2 and surrounded by broad-leafed forests and demonstrate that SDMs can be a powerful tool to predict the risk of WVC across the road network. Roe deer crossed roads more frequently in high WVC risk areas. Temporally, the number of WVC changed throughout the year, which can be linked to roe deer movement patterns rather than landscape features. Within this study, we did not identify any road segments that were a complete barrier to roe deer movement.
Conclusions
The absence of complete barriers to roe deer movement detected in the present study, might be due to the low spatial variation of the landscape, coupled with the high individual variation in movement behaviour. By applying our approach at greater spatial scales and in other landscape contexts, future studies can continue to explore the potential barrier impacts of roads on landscape connectivity. Exploring the relationship between crossing activity and collision risk can improve one’s ability to correctly identify road stretches that require mitigation measures to improve connectivity versus reduce collisions.
{"title":"Crossings and collisions – Exploring how roe deer navigate the road network","authors":"Johanna Märtz, Falko Brieger, Manisha Bhardwaj","doi":"10.1007/s10980-024-01897-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-024-01897-x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Context</h3><p>To investigate the major impact of roads on wildlife, most studies focus on hot-spots of wildlife-vehicle collisions (WVC) to identify areas in need of mitigation measures. However, on road stretches where the frequency of WVC is low, a question arises: is this because those locations are 'safe’ places for wildlife to cross the road with little risk of collisions; or is it because individuals avoid approaching and crossing the road in these locations?</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>In this study, we addressed this gap by evaluating how roe deer crossings are related to WVC risk across the road network.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We used 56 076 WVC locations between 2013 and 2017 to predict the spatiotemporal risk zones in response to environmental, road-related and seasonal predictors using Species-Distribution Modelling (SDM). We compared the predictive WVC risk to the location of 20 744 road crossing by 46 GPS-collared roe deer individuals.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>We found that the risk of WVC with roe deer tends to be higher on federal roads that are present in a density of approximate 2.2 km/km<sup>2</sup> and surrounded by broad-leafed forests and demonstrate that SDMs can be a powerful tool to predict the risk of WVC across the road network. Roe deer crossed roads more frequently in high WVC risk areas. Temporally, the number of WVC changed throughout the year, which can be linked to roe deer movement patterns rather than landscape features. Within this study, we did not identify any road segments that were a complete barrier to roe deer movement.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>The absence of complete barriers to roe deer movement detected in the present study, might be due to the low spatial variation of the landscape, coupled with the high individual variation in movement behaviour. By applying our approach at greater spatial scales and in other landscape contexts, future studies can continue to explore the potential barrier impacts of roads on landscape connectivity. Exploring the relationship between crossing activity and collision risk can improve one’s ability to correctly identify road stretches that require mitigation measures to improve connectivity versus reduce collisions.</p>","PeriodicalId":54745,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Ecology","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140828910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-29DOI: 10.1007/s10980-024-01891-3
Rose Z. Abramoff, Jeffrey M. Warren, Jessica Harris, Sarah Ottinger, Jana R. Phillips, Sarah M. Garvey, Joy Winbourne, Ian Smith, Andrew Reinmann, Lucy Hutyra, David W. Allen, Melanie A. Mayes
Context
Forests are increasingly fragmented, and as a result most forests in the United States are within one km of an edge. Edges change environmental conditions of the forest—especially radiation, roughness, temperature, and moisture—that can have consequences for plant productivity and ecosystem functions. However, edge effects on aboveground characteristics of plants and the environment are better understood relative to plant roots and soil in the belowground environment.
Objectives
Our main objectives were to determine if soil C pools and fluxes are higher at the edge relative to other landscape positions, and to understand how specific belowground processes contribute to bulk differences in pools and fluxes.
Methods
We measured environmental conditions, live and dead fine root traits, soil chemistry, and soil respiration along a 75 m transect from interior forest to meadow in Gaithersburg, MD.
Results
We observed differences in the soil chemical, biological and hydrological environment between the forest interior, edge and adjacent meadow. In some cases, the forest edge represented a mid-point in environmental or belowground characteristics between the forest interior and meadow (e.g., pH, C-to-N ratio [C:N], live fine root biomass, heterotrophic respiration), likely reflecting the change in litter type and quality associated with the transition from grass to woody species. In other cases, neighboring landscape positions were different from the forest edge, which was drier and had higher dead fine root biomass. Although soil C contents were not significantly different across landscape positions, there was a tendency towards higher average soil C content at the edge relative to other landscape positions, suggesting that increased C loss related to root decay and greater soil respiration at the edge relative to the forest interior may have been offset by increased C gain from high plant productivity and subsequent inputs to soil.
Conclusions
This research provides insight into how forest edge environments may differ from the interior and how concurrent processes above- and belowground may contribute to those differences.
{"title":"Shifts in belowground processes along a temperate forest edge","authors":"Rose Z. Abramoff, Jeffrey M. Warren, Jessica Harris, Sarah Ottinger, Jana R. Phillips, Sarah M. Garvey, Joy Winbourne, Ian Smith, Andrew Reinmann, Lucy Hutyra, David W. Allen, Melanie A. Mayes","doi":"10.1007/s10980-024-01891-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-024-01891-3","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Context</h3><p>Forests are increasingly fragmented, and as a result most forests in the United States are within one km of an edge. Edges change environmental conditions of the forest—especially radiation, roughness, temperature, and moisture—that can have consequences for plant productivity and ecosystem functions. However, edge effects on aboveground characteristics of plants and the environment are better understood relative to plant roots and soil in the belowground environment.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>Our main objectives were to determine if soil C pools and fluxes are higher at the edge relative to other landscape positions, and to understand how specific belowground processes contribute to bulk differences in pools and fluxes.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We measured environmental conditions, live and dead fine root traits, soil chemistry, and soil respiration along a 75 m transect from interior forest to meadow in Gaithersburg, MD.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>We observed differences in the soil chemical, biological and hydrological environment between the forest interior, edge and adjacent meadow. In some cases, the forest edge represented a mid-point in environmental or belowground characteristics between the forest interior and meadow (<i>e.g.</i>, pH, C-to-N ratio [C:N], live fine root biomass, heterotrophic respiration), likely reflecting the change in litter type and quality associated with the transition from grass to woody species. In other cases, neighboring landscape positions were different from the forest edge, which was drier and had higher dead fine root biomass. Although soil C contents were not significantly different across landscape positions, there was a tendency towards higher average soil C content at the edge relative to other landscape positions, suggesting that increased C loss related to root decay and greater soil respiration at the edge relative to the forest interior may have been offset by increased C gain from high plant productivity and subsequent inputs to soil.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>This research provides insight into how forest edge environments may differ from the interior and how concurrent processes above- and belowground may contribute to those differences.</p>","PeriodicalId":54745,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Ecology","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140828915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-27DOI: 10.1007/s10980-024-01895-z
Melanie Kammerer, Aaron L. Iverson, Kevin Li, John F. Tooker, Christina M. Grozinger
Context
There is great interest in land management practices for pollinators; however, a quantitative comparison of landscape and local effects on bee communities is necessary to determine if adding small habitat patches can increase bee abundance or species richness. The value of increasing floral abundance at a site is undoubtedly influenced by the phenology and magnitude of floral resources in the landscape, but due to the complexity of measuring landscape-scale resources, these factors have been understudied.
Objectives
To address this knowledge gap, we quantified the relative importance of local versus landscape scale resources for bee communities, identified the most important metrics of local and landscape quality, and evaluated how these relationships vary with season.
Methods
We studied season-specific relationships between local and landscape quality and wild-bee communities at 33 sites in the Finger Lakes region of New York, USA. We paired site surveys of wild bees, plants, and soil characteristics with a multi-dimensional assessment of landscape composition, configuration, insecticide toxic load, and a spatio-temporal evaluation of floral resources at local and landscape scales.
Results
We found that the most relevant spatial scale and landscape factor varied by season. Early-season bee communities responded primarily to landscape resources, including the presence of flowering trees and wetland habitats. In contrast, mid to late-season bee communities were more influenced by local conditions, though bee diversity was negatively impacted when sites were embedded in highly agricultural landscapes. Soil composition had complex impacts on bee communities, and likely reflects effects on plant community flowering.
Conclusions
Early-season bees can be supported by adding flowering trees and wetlands, while mid to late-season bees can be supported by local addition of summer and fall flowering plants. Sites embedded in landscapes with a greater proportion of natural areas will host a greater bee species diversity.
{"title":"Seasonal bee communities vary in their responses to resources at local and landscape scales: implication for land managers","authors":"Melanie Kammerer, Aaron L. Iverson, Kevin Li, John F. Tooker, Christina M. Grozinger","doi":"10.1007/s10980-024-01895-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-024-01895-z","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Context</h3><p>There is great interest in land management practices for pollinators; however, a quantitative comparison of landscape and local effects on bee communities is necessary to determine if adding small habitat patches can increase bee abundance or species richness. The value of increasing floral abundance at a site is undoubtedly influenced by the phenology and magnitude of floral resources in the landscape, but due to the complexity of measuring landscape-scale resources, these factors have been understudied.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>To address this knowledge gap, we quantified the relative importance of local versus landscape scale resources for bee communities, identified the most important metrics of local and landscape quality, and evaluated how these relationships vary with season.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We studied season-specific relationships between local and landscape quality and wild-bee communities at 33 sites in the Finger Lakes region of New York, USA. We paired site surveys of wild bees, plants, and soil characteristics with a multi-dimensional assessment of landscape composition, configuration, insecticide toxic load, and a spatio-temporal evaluation of floral resources at local and landscape scales.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>We found that the most relevant spatial scale and landscape factor varied by season. Early-season bee communities responded primarily to landscape resources, including the presence of flowering trees and wetland habitats. In contrast, mid to late-season bee communities were more influenced by local conditions, though bee diversity was negatively impacted when sites were embedded in highly agricultural landscapes. Soil composition had complex impacts on bee communities, and likely reflects effects on plant community flowering.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Early-season bees can be supported by adding flowering trees and wetlands, while mid to late-season bees can be supported by local addition of summer and fall flowering plants. Sites embedded in landscapes with a greater proportion of natural areas will host a greater bee species diversity.</p>","PeriodicalId":54745,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Ecology","volume":"17 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140799138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elucidating how demography and contemporary landscape features regulate functional connectivity is crucial to implementing effective conservation strategies. We assessed the impacts of landscape features on the genetic variation of a locally endangered carnivore, the leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis) in Taiwan.
Objectives
We aim to evaluate the association between genetic structure and landscape features. We further predicted the changes in genetic diversity and suitable habitats in the future.
Methods
We genotyped 184 leopard cats in western Taiwan using 12 nuclear microsatellites and a mitochondrial marker. We applied a landscape optimization procedure with two genetic distances to identify major genetic barriers and employed ecological niche modeling to predict the future distribution of the leopard cat.
Results
Bayesian demographic inferences revealed a dramatic population decline for all leopard cat populations in Taiwan. Genetic clustering and resistance surface modeling supported that the population connectivity was influenced by highways and high elevation. Niche modeling indicated low temperature was one of the primary factors limiting the occurrence of leopard cats that may inhibit their movement in high elevations. We predicted the suitable habitats of leopard cats would shrink northward and towards higher altitudes with rugged topography in response to global warming.
Conclusions
Our study provided genetic evidence that leopard cats in Taiwan had undergone a dramatic population decline that may be associated with anthropogenic impacts. We also inferred the anthropogenic linear feature compromised the connectivity and persistence of leopard cats in human-mediated landscapes. Our finding serves as a model for landscape genetic studies of island carnivores in subtropical regions.
{"title":"Unraveling the interplay between demography and landscape features in shaping connectivity and diversity: Insights from the leopard cat on a subtropical island","authors":"Pei-Wei Sun, Chen Hsiao, Kurtis Jai-Chyi Pei, Yu-Hsiu Lin, Mei-Ting Chen, Po-Jen Chiang, Ling Wang, Dau-Jye Lu, Pei-Chun Liao, Yu-Ten Ju","doi":"10.1007/s10980-024-01894-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-024-01894-0","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Context</h3><p>Elucidating how demography and contemporary landscape features regulate functional connectivity is crucial to implementing effective conservation strategies. We assessed the impacts of landscape features on the genetic variation of a locally endangered carnivore, the leopard cat (<i>Prionailurus bengalensis</i>) in Taiwan.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>We aim to evaluate the association between genetic structure and landscape features. We further predicted the changes in genetic diversity and suitable habitats in the future.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We genotyped 184 leopard cats in western Taiwan using 12 nuclear microsatellites and a mitochondrial marker. We applied a landscape optimization procedure with two genetic distances to identify major genetic barriers and employed ecological niche modeling to predict the future distribution of the leopard cat.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Bayesian demographic inferences revealed a dramatic population decline for all leopard cat populations in Taiwan. Genetic clustering and resistance surface modeling supported that the population connectivity was influenced by highways and high elevation. Niche modeling indicated low temperature was one of the primary factors limiting the occurrence of leopard cats that may inhibit their movement in high elevations. We predicted the suitable habitats of leopard cats would shrink northward and towards higher altitudes with rugged topography in response to global warming.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Our study provided genetic evidence that leopard cats in Taiwan had undergone a dramatic population decline that may be associated with anthropogenic impacts. We also inferred the anthropogenic linear feature compromised the connectivity and persistence of leopard cats in human-mediated landscapes. Our finding serves as a model for landscape genetic studies of island carnivores in subtropical regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":54745,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Ecology","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140810971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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