Journal of Fluids and Structures最新文献_第7页

Experimental investigation of torsional effects on cross-flow oscillations in flow-induced vibrations of a triangular prism 三角棱镜流激振动中扭转效应对横流振荡的实验研究

IF 3.5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Journal of Fluids and Structures

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2025.104428

Seyedmohammad Mousavisani, Farnaz Feyli, Banafsheh Seyed-Aghazadeh

This study experimentally investigates the flow-induced vibration (FIV) response of a rigid equilateral triangular prism with one and two degrees of freedom (DoF). The primary focus is on assessing how introducing rotational oscillations (a second DoF) influences cross-flow (CF) oscillations (the first DoF) through a series of water tunnel experiments. The system’s dynamic response is characterized at five initial angles of attack (

α = 0 °, 15 °, 30 °, 45 °, 60 °

), within a Reynolds number range of 525 to 3,817. For the one-DoF configuration in the CF direction, a galloping-type instability is observed at

α = 45 °

and

60 °

. However, when torsional motion is introduced as a second DoF, the onset of oscillations is delayed, and the amplitude of CF oscillations is significantly reduced. This suppression is attributed to changes in the mean angle of attack and the influence of periodic rotational oscillations. The periodic prism rotation modifies the flow-afterbody interaction, leading to weakened flow forces in the CF direction and further reducing the vibration amplitude. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) measurements reveal notable differences in the wake structures between the one- and two-DoF cases. In the two-DoF configuration, the prism’s rotation shifts the separation points, leading to asymmetric vortex shedding between the upper and lower sides. This asymmetry periodically modulates the wake dynamics and sustains the rotational oscillations of the prism.

实验研究了一自由度和二自由度刚性等边三角棱镜的流激振动响应。主要重点是通过一系列水洞实验来评估引入旋转振荡（第二自由度）对横流振荡（第一自由度）的影响。系统的动态响应在5个初始攻角（α=0°，15°，30°，45°，60°）下，雷诺数范围为525至3817。对于CF方向的单自由度构型，在α=45°和60°处观察到驰动型不稳定性。然而，当扭转运动作为第二自由度引入时，振荡的开始被延迟，并且CF振荡的幅度显着降低。这种抑制归因于平均攻角的变化和周期性旋转振荡的影响。周期性的棱镜旋转改变了流-后体相互作用，导致CF方向的流动力减弱，进一步降低了振动幅值。粒子图像测速（PIV）测量揭示了尾迹结构在单自由度和双自由度情况下的显著差异。在双自由度结构中，棱镜的旋转使分离点移位，导致上下两侧不对称的旋涡脱落。这种不对称性周期性地调节了尾流动力学，并维持了棱镜的旋转振荡。

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引用次数: 0

Three-dimensional fluid–structure interaction diagnostics using a single camera 利用单摄像机进行三维流固相互作用诊断

IF 3.5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Journal of Fluids and Structures

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2025.104423

Bibek Sapkota, Holger Mettelsiefen, Vrishank Raghav, Brian S. Thurow

A new method for fluid–structure interaction (FSI) diagnostics to simultaneously capture time-resolved three-dimensional, three-component (3D3C) velocity fields and structural deformations using a single light field camera is presented. A light field camera encodes both spatial and angular information of light rays collected by a conventional imaging lens that allows for the 3D reconstruction of a scene from a single image. Building upon this capability, a light field fluid–structure interaction (LF FSI) methodology is developed with a focus on experimental scenarios with low optical access. Proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) is used to separate particle and surface information contained in the same image. A correlation-based depth estimation technique is introduced to reconstruct instantaneous surface positions from the disparity between angular perspectives and conventional particle image velocimetry (PIV) is used for flow field reconstruction. Validation of the methodology is achieved using synthetic images of simultaneously moving flat plates and a vortex ring with a small increase in uncertainty under

\sim

0.5 microlenses observed in both flow and structure measurement compared to independent measurements. The method is experimentally verified using a flat plate translating along the camera’s optical axis in a flow field with varying particle concentrations. Finally, simultaneous reconstructions of the flow field and surface shape around a flexible membrane are presented, with the surface reconstruction further validated using simultaneously captured stereo images. The findings indicate that the LF FSI methodology provides a new capability to simultaneously measure large-scale flow characteristics and structural deformations using a single camera.

提出了一种利用单光场相机同时捕捉时间分辨三维三分量（3D3C）速度场和结构变形的流固耦合诊断方法。光场相机对传统成像镜头收集的光线的空间和角度信息进行编码，从而允许从单个图像中对场景进行3D重建。在此能力的基础上，开发了一种光场流固相互作用（LF FSI）方法，重点关注低光通道的实验场景。采用适当的正交分解（POD）对同一图像中包含的粒子和表面信息进行分离。引入了一种基于相关深度估计的流场重建技术，利用角度视差重建瞬时表面位置，而传统的粒子图像测速法（PIV）用于流场重建。该方法的验证是使用同时移动的平板和涡流环的合成图像来实现的，与独立测量相比，在流量和结构测量中观察到的~ 0.5微透镜下的不确定性略有增加。通过实验验证了该方法在不同颗粒浓度流场中沿相机光轴平移的平板。最后，同时重建了柔性膜周围的流场和表面形状，并使用同时捕获的立体图像进一步验证了表面重建。研究结果表明，LF FSI方法提供了一种使用单个相机同时测量大规模流动特性和结构变形的新能力。

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引用次数: 0

Analytical solutions for the flexural–gravity and capillary–gravity wave resistances due to a steadily moving concentrated load 稳定移动集中荷载下挠曲重力波和毛细重力波阻力的解析解

IF 3.5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Journal of Fluids and Structures

Pub Date : 2025-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2025.104430

D.Q. Lu

The interfacial flexural–gravity waves due to a concentrated load steadily moving on the thin elastic plate floating on the interface between two immiscible fluids of different densities are investigated analytically. The two inviscid fluids are assumed to be incompressible and homogeneous, and the motion be irrotational. The equation of motion for the plate, including the elastic force, the compressive force and the inertial force, is imbedded in the dynamic boundary conditions on the interface. Based on the linear potential theory for small-amplitude waves, the integral solutions for the interfacial wave profiles and wave resistances are derived by the Fourier transform. The dispersion relation and the exact solutions for the wave numbers are explicitly deduced. It is found the wave dynamical behaviors depend on the relation between the moving speed and the minimal phase speed. The maximal allowable value for the compressive force is obtained, at which the minimal phase speed is zero and the wave motion can be stimulated with any nonzero moving speed of the load due to the presence of compressive stress in the plate. The effects of the flexural rigidity and the fluid density ratio are also explored. The solutions for the capillary–gravity wave can readily be recovered by discarding the elastic force in the present formulation.

本文分析研究了在两种不同密度的非混相流体界面上漂浮的弹性薄板上，集中载荷稳定运动所引起的界面弯曲重力波。假定这两种无粘流体是不可压缩和均匀的，运动是无旋的。将弹性力、压缩力和惯性力的运动方程嵌入到界面的动态边界条件中。基于小振幅波的线性势理论，用傅里叶变换导出了界面波剖面和波阻的积分解。明确地推导了色散关系和波数的精确解。研究发现，运动速度与最小相速之间的关系决定了波的动力特性。得到了压应力的最大允许值，在该值下，最小相速为零，由于板内存在压应力，载荷的任何非零移动速度都可以激发波的运动。探讨了抗弯刚度和流密度比的影响。通过抛弃本公式中的弹性力，可以很容易地恢复毛细管重力波的解。

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引用次数: 0

Stably biased gap flow between two flapping and stationary short cantilevers in close proximity 两个拍动和固定短悬臂梁之间的稳定偏置间隙流

IF 3.5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Journal of Fluids and Structures

Pub Date : 2025-09-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2025.104432

Yongpu Wang , Yanyan Liu , Michael David Atkins , Tian Jian Lu , Tongbeum Kim

Contrary to previously known physics about fluid motion around two side-by-side circular cylinders, this study has demonstrated stably biased gap flow when excited by a flapping and stationary cantilever pair - the gap flow is only deflected towards the flapping cantilever (without switching). Mechanisms for this behavior were presented in this study. To this end, flow visualization and spectral analysis of time-resolved data from hot-wire anemometers and the piezoelectric mount of a flapping cantilever were carried out. Furthermore, particle image velocimetry was conducted to map instantaneous and time-averaged velocity and vorticity fields. During measurements, a center-to-center spacing normalized by cantilever diameter (T/D, pitch ratio) was systematically varied in the Reynolds number range of 1800 ≤ Re_D ≤ 13,000. We demonstrated that the Kelvin-Helmholtz (K-H) instability of shear layers separated from the flappable cantilever was intensified due to flapping, consequently inciting the earlier onset of Kármán vortices (evolved from K-H vortices) than those behind the stationary cantilever. Thereafter, an earlier velocity recovery developed, generating a transverse pressure gradient towards the flapping cantilever and subsequent upstream penetration (i.e., potential effect). The gap flow then became stably pushed towards the flapping cantilever.

与先前已知的围绕两个并排的圆柱体的流体运动的物理学相反，这项研究已经证明了当被扑动和静止的悬臂对激发时，稳定的偏置间隙流-间隙流仅向扑动悬臂偏转（没有切换）。本研究提出了这种行为的机制。为此，对热线风速计和扑动悬臂的压电支架的时间分辨数据进行了流动可视化和频谱分析。此外，采用粒子图像测速技术绘制瞬时场和时均速度场和涡度场。在测量过程中，通过悬臂直径（T/D，节距比）归一化的中心间距在1800≤ReD≤13,000的雷诺数范围内系统地变化。我们证明了从可扑动悬臂中分离出来的剪切层的开尔文-亥姆霍兹（K-H）不稳定性由于扑动而加剧，从而激发Kármán涡旋（从K-H涡旋演变而来）比静止悬臂后的涡旋更早开始。随后，一个较早的速度恢复发展，产生一个横向压力梯度，指向扑翼悬臂和随后的上游穿透（即潜在效应）。间隙流被稳定地推向扑翼悬臂梁。

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引用次数: 0

On the oscillatory behavior of two pendulum-like tandem circular slender cylinders 两个类摆串联细长圆柱的振动特性研究

IF 3.5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Journal of Fluids and Structures

Pub Date : 2025-09-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2025.104424

Patrick Batista Habowski , Sergio Viçosa Möller , Adriane Prisco Petry , Atef Mohany

This experimental study investigates the flow–structure interaction of two identical tandem slender cylinders subjected to cross-flow in a wind tunnel. The upstream and downstream cylinders were mounted in a pendulum-like configuration, allowing only transverse oscillation with matching natural frequencies, and were also tested in a fixed configuration for comparison purposes. All experiments were performed at spacing ratios ranging from 2.0 to 7.5, within a Reynolds number range of 16,000 to 22,000. Lateral displacements were recorded using a high-speed camera, and flow structures were analyzed using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). The primary objective was to correlate the observed flow dynamics from the PIV results with the oscillatory behavior of the cylinders. The results show that oscillations occurred for all investigated spacing ratios, with the most significant oscillations observed at a spacing ratio of 2.0 and a distinctive pattern with extreme amplitudes at a spacing ratio of 3.5. Cross-correlation of the Discrete Wavelet Transform of the vibration response reveals that the vibration of the downstream cylinder are influenced by the wake of the upstream cylinder, with its amplitude remaining enveloped within the wake of the upstream cylinder. The flow structure driving the oscillatory behavior indicates that the vibrations of the cylinders are predominantly governed by wake-induced vibration, except for the case of

L / D = 3.5

, where a galloping-like instability was observed—a mechanism not previously reported for this configuration. The phenomenon described in this paper presents potential opportunity for energy harvesting applications.

本实验研究了两个相同的细长串列圆柱体在风洞中横流作用下的流-结构相互作用。上游和下游圆柱体安装在摆状结构中，只允许具有匹配的固有频率的横向振荡，并且还在固定配置中进行了测试以进行比较。所有的实验都在2.0到7.5的间距比范围内进行，雷诺数范围为16000到22000。使用高速摄像机记录横向位移，并使用粒子图像测速仪（PIV）分析流动结构。主要目的是从PIV结果中观察到的流动动力学与气缸的振荡行为相关联。结果表明，在不同的间距比下，振荡现象都有发生，当间距比为2.0时振荡现象最显著，当间距比为3.5时振荡特征明显，且振幅极值。振动响应的离散小波变换相互关联表明，下游圆柱的振动受到上游圆柱尾迹的影响，其幅值仍被上游圆柱尾迹包裹。驱动振荡行为的流动结构表明，除了L/D=3.5的情况外，气缸的振动主要由尾迹引起的振动控制，在这种情况下观察到类似飞奔的不稳定性，这是一种以前没有报道过的机制。本文所描述的现象为能量收集应用提供了潜在的机会。

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引用次数: 0

Study on the high-speed shallow-angle water entry of cylinders with varying densities 变密度圆柱高速浅角入水研究

IF 3.5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Journal of Fluids and Structures

Pub Date : 2025-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2025.104429

Xuepu Yan , Shuai Sun , Mo Zhu , Tengfei Xu , Pengfei Liu , Zeqing Guo

An investigation into the transient fluid-structure interactions during the high-speed (600 m/s) shallow-angle (8°) water entry of cylindrical projectiles with varying densities (2.7-16.1 g/cm³) is presented. The fundamental mechanisms governing cavity dynamics and projectile stability are revealed using three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, which are validated by synchronized high-speed imaging. The key findings demonstrate that asymmetric wetting of the cylinder’s head during the early stage of water entry induces a critical head-down moment that governs subsequent hydrodynamic behavior. Three distinct fluid dynamic mechanisms are identified: 1) Delayed upper cavity formation accompanied by asymmetric cavity expansion; 2) Splash convergence producing distinct upward and downward jets, with the latter inducing localized cavity collapse upon impacting the wall; and 3) Pressure redistribution at the head end caused by variations in angle of attack, which generates restoring moments through asymmetric flow patterns. Density-dependent kinematic analysis reveals that within the same range of horizontal displacement, low-density cylinders (ρ≤4.1 g/cm³) undergo multiple tail slaps, whereas high-density cylinders (ρ≥7.2 g/cm³) achieve rotational stabilization through head-end restoring moments prior to tail slap initiation. Quantitative analysis shows that increasing the density from 2.7 to 16.1 g/cm³ reduces the maximum angular deflection by 89.43 % and the accumulated trajectory curvature by 42.83 %. These findings establish material density as the primary control parameter for ricochet prevention during shallow-angle water entry.

研究了不同密度（2.7 ~ 16.1 g/cm³）圆柱形弹丸高速（600 m/s）浅角（8°）入水过程中的瞬态流固耦合。利用三维计算流体动力学（CFD）模拟揭示了控制空腔动力学和弹丸稳定性的基本机制，并通过同步高速成像对其进行了验证。关键发现表明，在水进入的早期阶段，水缸头部的不对称润湿导致了一个关键的头部下降时刻，该时刻控制着随后的水动力行为。确定了三种不同的流体动力学机制：1)上部空腔的延迟形成伴随着不对称的空腔扩张；2)飞溅辐合产生明显的向上和向下射流，向下射流在撞击壁面时引起局部空腔塌陷；3)攻角变化引起的头部压力重分布，通过不对称流型产生恢复力矩。与密度相关的运动学分析表明，在相同的水平位移范围内，低密度圆柱体（ρ≤4.1 g/cm³）经历多次尾扇，而高密度圆柱体（ρ≥7.2 g/cm³）通过尾扇开始前的头部恢复力矩实现旋转稳定。定量分析表明，将密度从2.7 g/cm³增加到16.1 g/cm³，最大角偏转减少89.43%，累计轨迹曲率减少42.83%。这些研究结果表明，材料密度是浅角进水过程中防止跳弹的主要控制参数。

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引用次数: 0

A low-cost morphing vehicle design for enhanced aerodynamic performance 一种低成本的可变形飞行器设计，增强了气动性能

IF 3.5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Journal of Fluids and Structures

Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2025.104422

Sina Kazemipour, Peng Zhang

Mid- and large-size road vehicles are responsible for high levels of green-house gas emissions, due to their poor aerodynamic designs. To alleviate this environmental and health risk, we propose a low-cost, noninvasive morphing vehicle design toward improved aerodynamic efficiency and reduced emissions. Using a generic pickup truck as the base geometry, morphing is accomplished by retrofitting a flexible structure over its cargo bed region, enabling active deformation and interaction with the airflow. The shape morphing process is optimized through a combined parametric genetic algorithm – computational fluid dynamics framework, enabling continuous morphing across a range of driving speeds. The optimal structural shapes lead to a reduction in the aerodynamic drag force between 8.7% and 10.1%. Analysis of the airflow physics reveals that the morphing structure compresses the size of the circulation bubble and reduces the strength of the counter-rotating flow structures in the wake, resulting in increased wake pressure and decreased drag force. Remarkably, the morphing structure not only reduces the drag on the base vehicle geometry but also elicits a negative drag force on itself. This non-invasive morphing vehicle design concept could transform the automotive industry by enhancing fuel economy and reducing emissions for existing vehicle models.

中型和大型公路车辆由于其糟糕的空气动力学设计，造成了高水平的温室气体排放。为了减轻这种环境和健康风险，我们提出了一种低成本、无创的变形车辆设计，以提高空气动力学效率和减少排放。采用通用皮卡作为基础几何形状，通过在其货床区域上改装一个灵活的结构来实现变形，从而实现主动变形和与气流的相互作用。形状变形过程通过组合参数遗传算法-计算流体动力学框架进行优化，实现在一系列驾驶速度下的连续变形。优化后的结构形状可使气动阻力降低8.7% ~ 10.1%。气流物理分析表明，变形结构压缩了循环气泡的大小，降低了尾迹中逆旋流结构的强度，导致尾迹压力增大，阻力减小。值得注意的是，变形结构不仅减少了对车辆基础几何形状的阻力，而且还引起了对自身的负阻力。这种非侵入式变形汽车设计理念可以通过提高现有车型的燃油经济性和减少排放来改变汽车行业。

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引用次数: 0

Hydrodynamic behavior of an offshore OWC power station under dam-break flows: Numerical and experimental study 溃坝水流作用下近海OWC电站的水动力特性：数值与试验研究

IF 3.5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Journal of Fluids and Structures

Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2025.104426

Shiqi Pan , Haochen Zhang , Jing Geng , Xuanlie Zhao

The hydrodynamic behavior of a three-dimensional oscillating water column (OWC) device subjected to dam-break flow incidents was investigated using numerical and experimental methods. Load characteristics and flow field distributions were analyzed under various opening ratios of the air chamber and angles of incident flow. Numerical results were validated against experimental measurements of impact loads and water surface elevation at a 45° incident angle, and extended to six additional incident angles: 0°, 15°, 30°, 60°, 75°, and 90°. The peak impact load and air chamber pressure occurred at 90°, both decreasing as the incident angle varied to 0°. The peak horizontal resultant force decreased by 43.4 %, 55.3 %, and 65.9 % at 60°, 45°, and 30°, respectively, while peak air pressure decreased by up to 68 % at 0°. Loads on internal and external walls were of similar magnitudes, highlighting the importance of considering internal wall forces in structural design. Flow field analysis revealed complex flow contours and an inclined water surface inside the chamber, which became more pronounced as the incident angle decreased. Moreover, increasing the opening ratio of the air chamber significantly reduced peak impact loads and air pressure, especially in the range of 0 % to 3.5 %. However, larger opening ratios may reduce energy capture efficiency. Thus, selecting an appropriate opening ratio that balances load reduction with energy capture efficiency is crucial for OWC design.

采用数值与实验相结合的方法，研究了三维振荡水柱装置在溃坝水流作用下的水动力特性。分析了不同气室开度比和入射气流角度下的负载特性和流场分布。数值结果与45°入射角下的冲击载荷和水面高度的实验测量结果进行了验证，并扩展到6个额外的入射角：0°、15°、30°、60°、75°和90°。冲击载荷和气室压力峰值出现在90°角处，随入射角增大至0°而减小。在60°、45°和30°时，峰值水平合力分别下降了43.4%、55.3%和65.9%，而在0°时，峰值气压下降了68%。内墙和外墙的荷载大小相似，突出了在结构设计中考虑内墙力的重要性。流场分析表明，随着入射角的减小，射流腔内流动轮廓复杂，水流表面呈倾斜趋势。此外，增加气室的开度比可以显著降低峰值冲击载荷和空气压力，特别是在0%至3.5%的范围内。然而，较大的开口比可能会降低能量捕获效率。因此，选择一个合适的开口比，平衡负荷减少和能量捕获效率是OWC设计的关键。

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引用次数: 0

Shifting aeroacoustic source mechanisms of a transversely oscillating cylinder in lock-in region at various Mach numbers 不同马赫数下锁闭区横向振荡圆柱体移动气动声源机理

IF 3.5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Journal of Fluids and Structures

Pub Date : 2025-09-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2025.104425

Fangcheng Shi , Hongpeng Liu , Dongrun Liu , Tiantian Wang

Direct numerical simulation of the aerodynamic noise generated by a flow past a transversely oscillating cylinder is conducted to investigate the effect of Mach number on the aeroacoustic characteristics. The results indicate that the coupling between the oscillating motion and vortex shedding in the lock-in region leads to a distribution of the surface pressure pulsation time derivative with four distinct peaks. The intensity of the radiated noise from the oscillating cylinder in the lock-in region is reduced compared to the stationary case. Although the oscillating frequency associated with this noise reduction is insensitive to Mach number, the reduction effect weakens at high Mach numbers. Furthermore, as the Mach number increases, the sound directivity at the lock-in boundary transitions from a figure-eight configuration to a butterfly-like configuration, featuring distinct lobes both upstream and downstream. To illustrate the changes in noise, the key finding is the modified scaling law governing noise intensity in relation to Mach number for the oscillating cylinder: it shifts from

M^{2.5}

to

M^{3.5}

, characteristic of quadrupole sources. This alteration is further analyzed by applying the Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings equation to separate the contributions of different noise sources, and utilizing spectral proper orthogonal decomposition to extract the dominant coherent structures responsible for the oscillating cylinder at the lock-in boundary at high Mach numbers.

为了研究马赫数对横摆圆柱气流噪声的影响，对横摆圆柱气流噪声进行了直接数值模拟。结果表明：锁相区振荡运动与旋涡脱落的耦合作用导致表面压力脉动时间导数呈四个明显的峰值分布；与静止情况相比，锁相区振荡圆柱体的辐射噪声强度减小。虽然与此降噪相关的振荡频率对马赫数不敏感，但在高马赫数时降噪效果减弱。此外，随着马赫数的增加，锁定边界处的声指向性从8字形结构转变为蝴蝶状结构，上游和下游都有明显的叶状结构。为了说明噪声的变化，关键的发现是控制噪声强度与振荡圆柱体马赫数相关的修正比例定律：它从M2.5转移到M3.5，这是四极源的特征。利用Ffowcs williams - hawkins方程分离不同噪声源的贡献，并利用频谱固有正交分解提取高马赫数下锁相边界处导致圆柱振荡的主导相干结构，进一步分析了这种变化。

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引用次数: 0

Aerodynamic admittance and dynamics of an open-grown tree 开放生长树木的空气动力导纳和动力学

IF 3.5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Journal of Fluids and Structures

Pub Date : 2025-09-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2025.104409

Xiaonan Wang , Jakob Mann , Ebba Dellwik , Nikolas Angelou

Enhancing our understanding of the structural response of trees exposed to wind loading is important, since the knowledge of their aerodynamic behaviour is necessary for a realistic risk assessment of tree damage during extreme wind conditions. Here, we first present an analytical model of the aerodynamic admittance function that relates the turbulence fluctuations of the wind at a single point to their spatial average over the crown’s frontal area. The latter is responsible for the wind-induced bending moments at the base of a tree’s stem. We employ the aerodynamic admittance function to model the dynamic structural response of an open-grown oak tree. The analysis is performed along two axes to express both the longitudinal and transverse response with respect to the mean wind direction. The resulting predictions are compared with strain gauge observations taken at the lower part of the stem. The presented framework shows that the spatial averaging over the crown’s frontal area has a stronger effect on the tree’s movements in the streamwise wind direction compared to the spanwise direction. Further, the aerodynamic damping is also stronger in the streamwise direction and generally correlates positively with the inflow wind speed.

加强我们对树木在风荷载下的结构响应的理解是很重要的，因为了解它们的空气动力学行为对于在极端风条件下对树木损伤进行现实的风险评估是必要的。在这里，我们首先提出了一个气动导纳函数的解析模型，该模型将风在单点处的湍流波动与其在冠锋面区域的空间平均值联系起来。后者负责风在树干底部引起的弯矩。我们采用空气动力学导纳函数来模拟开放式橡树的动力结构响应。分析沿两个轴进行，以表示相对于平均风向的纵向和横向响应。所得到的预测结果与在阀杆下部采用的应变计观测结果进行了比较。所提出的框架表明，相对于树幅方向，树冠锋面区域的空间平均对树在顺流风向上的运动有更强的影响。此外，气动阻尼在顺流方向上也更强，通常与入流风速呈正相关。

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引用次数: 0