Journal of Electrostatics最新文献

英文中文

Optimisation of CuO/AC, Fe2O3/AC synergistic multi-electrode DBD reactor for degradation of ATZ in water 优化用于降解水中 ATZ 的 CuO/AC、Fe2O3/AC 协同多电极 DBD 反应器

IF 1.9 4区工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Journal of Electrostatics

Pub Date : 2024-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.elstat.2024.104003

Xinjun Shen , Fan He , Jing Zhang , Cong Wang

Atrazine (ATZ) is a synthetic triazine herbicide and has become a new pollutant in environment water. In this study, a multi-high-voltage, double-grounded- pole dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor was designed to degrade ATZ in water. The effects of different factors, such as input voltage, air flow rate, and pH, on the degradation of ATZ in the DBD reactor were compared using response surface methodology. The optimal reaction conditions for the degradation of ATZ by DBD were determined by fitting the model to the experiment: air flow rate of 100 L/h, input voltage of 32 kV and pH of 10. The degradation efficiency obtained was 97.89 %, which closely matched the simulation, indicating that the model had good correlation and consistency with the measured data. In this experiment, catalysts such as activated carbon loaded with CuO and Fe₂O₃ were added to DBD reactor to improve the utilization of active substances and enhance the degradation of ATZ. The catalysts were characterized by FT-IR, XRD, XPS and SEM, proving that they promoted the degradation of ATZ.

阿特拉津（ATZ）是一种人工合成的三嗪类除草剂，已成为一种新的水环境污染物。本研究设计了一个多高压、双接地极介质阻挡放电（DBD）反应器来降解水中的阿特拉津。采用响应面方法比较了输入电压、空气流速和 pH 值等不同因素对 DBD 反应器中 ATZ 降解的影响。通过将模型与实验进行拟合，确定了 DBD 降解 ATZ 的最佳反应条件：空气流量为 100 L/h，输入电压为 32 kV，pH 值为 10。得到的降解效率为 97.89%，与模拟结果非常吻合，表明该模型与测量数据具有良好的相关性和一致性。本实验在 DBD 反应器中添加了负载 CuO 和 Fe2O3 的活性炭等催化剂，以提高活性物质的利用率并增强 ATZ 的降解能力。通过傅立叶变换红外光谱、X射线衍射、XPS和扫描电镜对催化剂进行表征，证明催化剂促进了ATZ的降解。

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引用次数: 0

Triboelectric charging of polydisperse particles in a developed pipe flow 发达管流中多分散颗粒的三电充电

IF 1.9 4区工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Journal of Electrostatics

Pub Date : 2024-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.elstat.2024.103993

Chris Lawn

A framework has been developed for computing the tribocharging of particles while they are being conveyed pneumatically through high-velocity circular pipes. Fully-developed flow and particle conditions are considered. With four compositions of particle ranging from nanometre sizes to 100 μm, the radial electrostatic field induced by the space charge of all the particles was approximated, and then updated with the different radial distributions. Simple models for the response of the particles to turbulence, for the radial drift induced by the electrostatic field, for inter-particle collisions, and for the asymptotic charging at the wall were developed. For particle numbers totalling 3x10⁹/m³, it was shown that collisions can be ignored. Large differences in the radial number density distributions for different particle sizes were found, from uniformity for those under about 5 μm, to heavy concentration at the wall for the larger ones.

我们开发了一个框架，用于计算颗粒在通过高速圆形管道进行气力输送时的三次充电。考虑了完全成熟的流动和颗粒条件。利用从纳米到 100 μm 的四种颗粒组成，对所有颗粒的空间电荷引起的径向静电场进行了近似，然后根据不同的径向分布进行了更新。建立了粒子对湍流的响应、静电场引起的径向漂移、粒子间碰撞和壁面渐近充电的简单模型。对于粒子总数为 3x109/m3 的粒子，可以忽略碰撞。研究发现，不同大小颗粒的径向数量密度分布存在很大差异，小于 5 μm 的颗粒分布均匀，而大颗粒则在壁面处高度集中。

引用次数: 0

Effect of field emission on contact spark in the spark test apparatus 火花测试仪器中的场发射对接触火花的影响

IF 1.9 4区工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Journal of Electrostatics

Pub Date : 2024-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.elstat.2024.103995

Luwen Song , Shulin Liu , Dangshu Wang

Explosion-proof electrical equipment must be tested with the spark test apparatus (STA). This discharge was important for electrical explosion-proof safety. This study aimed to investigate the effect of field emission on the contact spark of the STA. Results show that the primary discharge modes were field emission and electron impact ionization. The gap width was estimated to be 6–8 μm. The distribution of the ions and radicals were revealed under the different field emissions. The impact of radicals on ignition was also discussed.

防爆电气设备必须使用火花测试仪器（STA）进行测试。这种放电对电气防爆安全非常重要。本研究旨在调查场发射对 STA 接触火花的影响。结果表明，主要的放电模式是场发射和电子撞击电离。间隙宽度估计为 6-8 μm。在不同的场发射下，离子和自由基的分布也不同。还讨论了自由基对点火的影响。

引用次数: 0

A theoretical approach towards developing space charge formation in lossy dielectrics 开发有损电介质中空间电荷形成的理论方法

IF 1.9 4区工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Journal of Electrostatics

Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.elstat.2024.103989

Navdeep Batish, Sounak Nandi, Harimurugan Devarajan

The work is entitled to address an integrated solution for mathematical basis of space charge formation in dielectrics having a finite conductivity. The solution is a manifestation of a more fundamental usage of Gauss Divergence theorem in point form along with continuity equation to take care of the charge dynamics in a temporally changing field condition. The outlook of the work involves the more generalised solution of any space charge problem without sacrificing the intricacies of Maxwell’s Equations.

这项研究旨在解决有限电导率电介质中空间电荷形成的数学基础问题。该解决方案体现了高斯发散定理在点形式和连续性方程中更基本的应用，以解决时变场条件下的电荷动态问题。这项工作的前景包括在不牺牲麦克斯韦方程组复杂性的前提下，更广泛地解决任何空间电荷问题。

引用次数: 0

Numerical study on water and salt transport of electroosmosis in saline soil 盐碱土壤中电渗的水盐迁移数值研究

IF 1.9 4区工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Journal of Electrostatics

Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.elstat.2024.103992

Wei Wen , Hao Wu , Ling Zeng , Yiyun Jiang , Haitao Yang , Xubin Huang

The study investigate water-salt interactions in porous media under electroosmosis. A theoretical model was developed to analyze the effect of salt precipitation on electrical conductivity, permeability, and volumetric capacitance, and to introduce precipitated salt parameters. The model describes water and salt transport through two mass conservation equations and incorporates the charge conservation equation. The model was validated through experiments of other scholars. The experimental results show that salt precipitation and dissolution play an important role in electrical conductivity since salt precipitation decreases drainage efficiency because it reduces hydraulic conductivity. The increase in conductivity of the solution is more important than the decrease in hydraulic conductivity due to salt precipitation because the higher the concentration of the solution, the higher its conductivity. The model suggests that salt plays an important role in electrical conductivity, as evidenced by the prominent nonlinear change in conductivity due to the inhomogeneous transport of solutes. The numerical model helps to predict water and salt transport in the electroosmosis of soils containing saline water.

该研究探讨了电渗作用下多孔介质中的水盐相互作用。研究建立了一个理论模型来分析盐析出对电导率、渗透率和体积电容的影响，并引入了析出盐参数。该模型通过两个质量守恒方程描述了水和盐的传输，并结合了电荷守恒方程。该模型通过其他学者的实验进行了验证。实验结果表明，盐的析出和溶解对导电率起着重要作用，因为盐的析出会降低水的导电率，从而降低排水效率。溶液电导率的增加比盐析出导致的水力电导率的降低更重要，因为溶液浓度越高，其电导率就越高。该模型表明，盐在电导率中起着重要作用，这从溶质的非均质迁移导致电导率发生显著的非线性变化可以看出。该数值模型有助于预测含盐土壤电渗过程中水和盐的迁移。

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引用次数: 0

Numerical investigation of electric charge measurement by PWP method at solid and liquid interfaces 利用 PWP 方法对固体和液体界面电荷测量的数值研究

IF 1.9 4区工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Journal of Electrostatics

Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.elstat.2024.103991

V. Berry , L. Zheng , P. Leblanc , S. Holé , T. Paillat

When a liquid contacts a solid, physicochemical reactions form an electrical double layer (EDL) at the interface. Understanding the EDL is crucial to prevent electrical device failures, but few experimental methods can access this charge distribution. Recently, the pressure wave propagation (PWP) method has been explored. This paper presents simulations of current generated by a pressure wave through the EDL using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. A parametric study investigates the effects of EDL parameters and stimulus properties on the signal. Simulations with EDL data obtained experimentally for both conductive and dielectric liquids are carried out.

当液体接触固体时，物理化学反应会在界面上形成电双层 (EDL)。了解双电层对防止电气设备故障至关重要，但很少有实验方法能获得这种电荷分布。最近，人们开始探索压力波传播 (PWP) 方法。本文采用有限差分时域 (FDTD) 方法模拟了压力波通过 EDL 产生的电流。参数研究探讨了 EDL 参数和刺激特性对信号的影响。仿真结果与实验获得的导电液体和介电液体的 EDL 数据一致。

引用次数: 0

Uniform electric-field optimal design method using machine learning 利用机器学习的均匀电场优化设计方法

IF 1.9 4区工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Journal of Electrostatics

Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.elstat.2024.103990

Zipeng Cheng, Qizheng Ye, Xiaofei Nie, Chengye Li, Wenhua Wu

The demand for uniform electric fields (UEFs) in engineering is very high, particularly in high-voltage devices. The existing methods encounter limitations in terms of optimization region and universality. Herein, we propose a method for designing UEFs based on finite element calculations of electromagnetic fields and machine learning. First, the electric-field distribution of the plate-to-plate electrode structure determined using three electrode-shape parameters (ESPs) is calculated using finite element software and is drawn. Thereafter, a dataset of 2000 images is created with different electric-field strength distributions using various ESPs. Net, we employ image-processing techniques to extract nine statistical features from the gray-level information in the images. Models are trained through machine learning to predict ESPs based on the gray-level features (GLFs). Finally, the electric-field strength distribution image of the expected ideal uniform field is artificially selected. In addition, the ESPs from which the uniform electric-field is produced are predicted by the models. The proposed method provides an accurate solution for optimizing the design of a uniform electric-field and a new approach for solving inverse problems of electric-field. This involves drawing the required electric-field strength distribution image for high-voltage engineering and obtaining the required ESPs.

工程领域对均匀电场（UEF）的要求非常高，尤其是在高压设备中。现有方法在优化区域和普遍性方面存在局限性。在此，我们提出了一种基于电磁场有限元计算和机器学习的均匀电场设计方法。首先，使用有限元软件计算并绘制使用三个电极形状参数（ESP）确定的板对板电极结构的电场分布。随后，我们创建了一个包含 2000 张图像的数据集，这些图像使用不同的 ESP 呈现不同的电场强度分布。然后，我们采用图像处理技术，从图像的灰度信息中提取出九个统计特征。通过机器学习训练模型，根据灰度特征（GLF）预测静电除尘器。最后，人为选择预期理想均匀场的电场强度分布图像。此外，模型还能预测产生均匀电场的 ESP。所提出的方法为优化均匀电场的设计提供了精确的解决方案，也为解决电场逆问题提供了新的方法。这涉及绘制高压工程所需的电场强度分布图像，并获得所需的静电除尘器。

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引用次数: 0

Numerical simulation of spiked electrode electrostatic precipitator 尖电极静电除尘器的数值模拟

IF 1.9 4区工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Journal of Electrostatics

Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.elstat.2024.103987

Xiaohua Wang, Hong Su, Biyu Wang, Junyu Tao

The characteristic of the spiked electrode electrostatic precipitator was numerically studied. Complicated electrohydrodynamic flow was observed and vortices were formed in the ESP with the maximum gas velocity 30.9 m/s in this study. The spiked electrode had significant effects on the distribution of electric field and charge density. The corona charge was confined to six semi-ellipsoidal regions around the tips of the spiked electrode, which was 1.04 × 10⁶ μC/m³ at the tip surface. The particle trajectories were complicated due to the EHD flow. High working potential and low gas velocity were beneficial to the removal of particles.

对尖头电极静电除尘器的特性进行了数值研究。在这项研究中，静电除尘器中出现了复杂的电流体力学流动，并形成了涡流，最大气体流速为 30.9 m/s。尖刺电极对电场和电荷密度的分布有显著影响。电晕电荷被限制在尖刺电极尖端周围的六个半椭圆形区域，在尖端表面的电荷密度为 1.04 × 106 μC/m3。粒子轨迹因 EHD 流动而变得复杂。高工作电位和低气体速度有利于颗粒的去除。

引用次数: 0

Ionic wind produced by volume corona discharges and surface dielectric barrier discharges: What role do streamers play? 体积电晕放电和表面介质屏障放电产生的离子风：流线体起什么作用？

IF 1.9 4区工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Journal of Electrostatics

Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.elstat.2024.103988

Eric Moreau, Nicolas Benard

The present study compares the ionic wind produced by volume DC and AC corona discharges, and by surface dielectric barrier discharges (DBD). On the one hand, in the case of a volume corona discharge ignited between a high-voltage needle and a grounded plate, our measurements highlight that the ionic wind velocity increases in the presence of positive breakdown streamers. On the other hand, in the case of a surface AC DBD, the ionic wind velocity decreases when streamers occur. Why such a difference? The answer is not easy and the debate remains open. However, one answer would be that the streamers occurring in a volume needle-to-plate discharge leave an abundance of positive ions in the inter-electrode space and that these ions drift because of the electric field, just after the streamer propagation. On the other hand, in the case of a surface DBD, the streamers can leave positive ions in their wake but their heads especially deposit positive ions at the location where they stop propagating, i.e. a few millimetres from the electrode (up to about 10–15 mm). Then this positive space charge deposited at a few millimetres from the active electrode edge on the dielectric surface acts as a screen against the electric field due to the applied high voltage, thus preventing the drift of the ions remaining on the surface of the dielectric, close to the electrode edge. Having said that, the reality is that this explanation is certainly very simplistic compared with the very complex phenomena taking place in these two discharges, particularly at the times when the streamers form and propagate.

本研究比较了体积直流和交流电晕放电以及表面介质阻挡放电（DBD）产生的离子风。一方面，在高压针和接地板之间点燃的体积电晕放电情况下，我们的测量结果表明，离子风的速度在出现正击穿流线时会增加。另一方面，在表面交流 DBD 的情况下，出现流线时离子风速会降低。为什么会出现这种差异？答案并不简单，争论仍未结束。不过，其中一个答案是，在体积针对板放电中出现的流线会在电极间隙中留下大量正离子，这些离子在流线传播后会因电场而漂移。另一方面，在表面 DBD 的情况下，流线会在其尾部留下正离子，但其头部尤其会在停止传播的位置沉积正离子，即距离电极几毫米处（最多约 10-15 毫米）。这样，在电介质表面距离有源电极边缘几毫米处沉积的正空间电荷就起到了屏蔽外加高压所产生的电场的作用，从而阻止了残留在电介质表面靠近电极边缘的离子漂移。尽管如此，与这两种放电中发生的非常复杂的现象相比，特别是在流线形成和传播的时候，这种解释无疑是非常简单的。

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引用次数: 0

Stress due to electric charge density distribution in a dielectric slab 电介质板中电荷密度分布引起的应力

IF 1.9 4区工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Journal of Electrostatics

Pub Date : 2024-10-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.elstat.2024.103982

John H.J. Niederhaus , Joel B. Coley , Antonio L. Levy

The spatial distribution of electric field due to an imposed electric charge density profile in an infinite slab of dielectric material is derived analytically by integrating Gauss’s law. Various charge density distributions are considered, including exponential and power-law forms. The Maxwell stress tensor is used to compute a notional static stress in the material due to the charge density and its electric field. Characteristics of the electric field and stress distributions are computed for example cases in polyethylene, showing that field magnitudes exceeding the dielectric strength would be required in order to achieve a stress exceeding the ultimate tensile strength.

通过对高斯定律进行积分，分析得出了电介质材料无限板中外加电荷密度剖面导致的电场空间分布。考虑了各种电荷密度分布，包括指数和幂律形式。麦克斯韦应力张量用于计算电荷密度及其电场在材料中产生的名义静态应力。以聚乙烯为例计算了电场和应力分布的特征，结果表明，要获得超过极限拉伸强度的应力，需要超过介电强度的电场幅值。

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全部化学•材料生命科学医学物理工程技术环境•农林材料科学地球科学法学管理学化学环境科学与生态学计算机科学教育学经济学农林科学人文科学生物学数学物理与天体物理心理学综合性期刊其他工业工程理学历史学农学文学信息工程

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Journal of Electrostatics

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