Journal of Electrostatics最新文献

Influence of the initial charge on the charging and neutralization states of dielectric particles crossing a corona discharge 初始电荷对电晕放电中介电粒子的带电和中和状态的影响

IF 2.1 4区工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Journal of Electrostatics

Pub Date : 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.elstat.2026.104259

Abdelhafid Bouchelkha , Miloud Kachi

This paper presents a detailed investigation into how the magnitude and polarity of an initial electrostatic charge influence the subsequent charging of dielectric particles as they pass through a coaxial corona electrode. High-density polyethylene (HDPE) particles with diameter 2.5 – 4 mm were pre-charged to various levels, using both positive and negative polarities, before being introduced into a DC corona discharge region. To encompass all relevant configurations, the corona discharge was operated with either the same or opposite polarity as the particles’ initial charge. The charging capability of the particle–corona system was assessed through the relationship between the charge acquired by the particles and the charge released by the corona discharge, while also considering the limitations imposed by particle saturation and self-discharge. The relationship between the corona charge released and the amount of charge captured by a single particle during its residence time in the ionized region is determined through analysis of the discharge current and particle charge measurements. The results reveal a strong dependence of the final particle charge on the ratio of the initial charge to the saturation charge. Two distinct behaviors were identified: (i) when the initial charge is below the saturation level or of opposite polarity, particles continue to accumulate charge until reaching saturation; (ii) when the initial charge has the same polarity but exceeds the saturation level, particles lose charge until converging to the saturation value. This latter, less frequently observed scenario is examined in depth. To further interpret these findings, the induced charge on the metallic components of the electrode—specifically the wire and the cylindrical collector—was analyzed in attempt to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for charge reduction when the initial charge substantially exceeds the saturation limit. Several mechanisms are considered, whose relative contributions may vary depending on the initial charge magnitude.

本文提出了一个详细的调查，如何大小和极性的初始静电电荷影响随后的充电介电粒子，因为他们通过同轴电晕电极。在引入直流电晕放电区域之前，直径为2.5 - 4mm的高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）颗粒使用正负极性预充电到不同的水平。为了包含所有相关配置，电晕放电的极性与粒子的初始电荷相同或相反。通过粒子获得的电荷与电晕放电释放的电荷之间的关系来评价粒子-电晕系统的充电能力，同时考虑粒子饱和和自放电的限制。通过对放电电流和粒子电荷测量的分析，确定了电晕电荷释放量与单个粒子在电离区停留时间内捕获的电荷量之间的关系。结果表明，最终粒子电荷与初始电荷与饱和电荷的比值密切相关。发现了两种不同的行为：(1)当初始电荷低于饱和水平或极性相反时，粒子继续积累电荷直到达到饱和；（ii）当初始电荷具有相同的极性但超过饱和水平时，粒子失去电荷，直到收敛到饱和值。我们将深入研究后一种较少观察到的场景。为了进一步解释这些发现，研究人员分析了电极金属成分（特别是导线和圆柱形收集器）上的感应电荷，试图阐明当初始电荷大大超过饱和极限时电荷减少的机制。考虑了几种机制，其相对贡献可能根据初始电荷大小而变化。

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引用次数: 0

Bench-scale tribocharging of polyethylene: Role of gas type, temperature and relative humidity 聚乙烯的台架摩擦充注：气体类型、温度和相对湿度的作用

IF 2.1 4区工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Journal of Electrostatics

Pub Date : 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.elstat.2026.104254

Talha Mukarram Syed, Grissel Myrtle Fernandes, Nikhil Sridhar, Poupak Mehrani

Bench-scale shake tests were conducted using linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) resin in controlled environments of argon, nitrogen, and ambient air to investigate how gas type (argon vs. nitrogen), relative humidity (10–75 % RH), and temperature (23 and 65 °C) affect charge buildup. Tests involved single and multiple particles shaken in an aluminum cup, and a stainless-steel cup coated with LLDPE resin. Under low-humidity (RH < 3 %) conditions, charge accumulation with nitrogen was 50 % higher than with argon, due to differences in the gases' dielectric strengths. Ambient air with an RH of ∼38 % resulted in a saturation charge like argon, as increased moisture diminished charge buildup. Across an RH range of 10–75 %, minimal variation in average particle charge was observed below 40 %, but higher relative humidities caused a notable decline in charge accumulation. Elevated temperatures decreased charge buildup under nitrogen, while argon showed no significant change, highlighting a gas-dependent response to temperature.

使用线性低密度聚乙烯（LLDPE）树脂在氩气、氮气和环境空气的受控环境中进行了台架振动试验，以研究气体类型（氩气vs氮气）、相对湿度（10 - 75% RH）和温度（23和65℃）对电荷积累的影响。测试包括在铝杯和涂有LLDPE树脂的不锈钢杯中摇晃单个和多个颗粒。在低湿度（RH < 3%）条件下，由于气体介电强度的差异，氮气的电荷积累比氩气高50%。相对湿度为~ 38%的环境空气会导致饱和电荷，如氩气，因为增加的水分会减少电荷的积累。在10 - 75%的相对湿度范围内，在40%以下观察到的平均粒子电荷变化最小，但较高的相对湿度导致电荷积累显著下降。升高的温度降低了氮气的电荷积累，而氩气则没有明显的变化，突出了气体对温度的依赖反应。

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引用次数: 0

Energy harvesting performance of metal oxide doped TENGs based on load impedance characterization 基于负载阻抗表征的金属氧化物掺杂teng的能量收集性能

IF 2.1 4区工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Journal of Electrostatics

Pub Date : 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.elstat.2026.104251

Abdulkerim Karabiber

This study investigates the effect of metal oxide fillers on the electrical, morphological, and output characteristics of rubber silicone-based triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). TENGs were fabricated using glass fiber as the common tribo-positive layer and silicone matrices doped with various metal oxides (Aluminum oxide, cobalt oxide, manganese oxide, molybdenum oxide, nickel oxide, and tungsten oxide) at 1, 2.5, and 5 wt% as tribo-negative layers. The devices were mechanically driven under controlled impact forces and frequencies, and their performance was evaluated under both ohmic and capacitive loads. Metal oxide doping generally increased internal resistance and decreased internal capacitance, leading to a cross-effect: enhanced output under ohmic loads due to suppressed leakage currents, but reduced performance under capacitive loads owing to diminished charge storage capacity. Among the fillers, cobalt oxide at 2.5 wt% yielded the highest voltage and maximum power output, whereas optimal compositions for other oxides were typically around 1 wt%. Excessive filler contents caused aggregation, air-gap formation, and loss of effective contact area, which degraded performance despite favorable changes in internal resistance and capacitance. Overall, the results demonstrate that metal oxide fillers offer an effective means to tune TENG performance, but optimal design requires simultaneous optimization of filler type and content, surface morphology, and load impedance.

本研究探讨了金属氧化物填料对橡胶硅基摩擦电纳米发电机（TENGs）的电学、形态学和输出特性的影响。用玻璃纤维作为普通的摩擦正层，用硅树脂基体掺杂各种金属氧化物（氧化铝、氧化钴、氧化锰、氧化钼、氧化镍和氧化钨），以1、2.5和5 wt%作为摩擦负层，制备了teng。在可控的冲击力和频率下，机械驱动器件，并在欧姆负载和电容负载下评估其性能。金属氧化物掺杂通常会增加内阻，降低内部电容，从而导致交叉效应：在欧姆负载下，由于泄漏电流被抑制，输出增强，但在电容负载下，由于电荷存储容量减少，性能下降。在填料中，氧化钴在2.5 wt%时产生最高电压和最大功率输出，而其他氧化物的最佳组合通常在1 wt%左右。填充物含量过多会导致聚集、气隙形成和有效接触面积的损失，从而降低了性能，尽管内阻和电容发生了有利的变化。总体而言，结果表明，金属氧化物填充物提供了一种有效的手段来调整TENG性能，但优化设计需要同时优化填充物的类型和含量、表面形态和负载阻抗。

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引用次数: 0

Investigation on heat exchange assisted wet electrostatic precipitator in dust removal, heat transfer enhancement process and water collection 热交换辅助湿式静电除尘器除尘、强化传热及集水性能的研究

IF 2.1 4区工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Journal of Electrostatics

Pub Date : 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.elstat.2026.104231

Hui Fu , Shaokang Meng , Xiaonan Luo , Qinzhen Zheng , Shuran Li , Zhen Liu , Keping Yan

A heat-exchange-assisted wire-tube electrostatic precipitator (HEAT-ESP) is proposed to mitigate wet plumes and improve PM_2.5 capture in conventional ESPs. By cooling the collection electrode, the system enables simultaneous flue gas purification and heat recovery. Flue gas temperature and humidity significantly enhance discharge performance, increasing dust removal efficiency by up to 12.5 %, water recovery by 30.2 %, and heat transfer by 17.2 %. Particle concentration slightly reduces discharge current but improves overall performance, with gains of 10.0–16.5 % at 45 kV. The system exhibits strong synergy among dust removal, water recovery, and heat transfer. At the relative humidity of 90 % and a voltage of 22.5 kV, the maximum water harvesting efficiency and latent heat recovery-to-input ratio reach 772.78 kg/kWh and 489, respectively. With energy costing 0.1–0.3 CNY/kWh and water priced at 5–8 CNY/ton, this technology offers strong potential for energy and water conservation applications.

提出了一种热交换辅助电线管静电除尘器（HEAT-ESP），以减少传统电除尘器中的湿羽流，提高PM2.5的捕集能力。通过冷却收集电极，该系统可以同时进行烟气净化和热回收。烟气温度和湿度显著提高了排放性能，将除尘效率提高了12.5%，水回收率提高了30.2%，传热效率提高了17.2%。颗粒浓度略微降低了放电电流，但提高了整体性能，在45 kV时增益为10.0 - 16.5%。该系统具有除尘、水回收和传热的强大协同作用。在相对湿度为90%、电压为22.5 kV时，最大集水效率为772.78 kg/kWh，潜热回收输入比为489。该技术的能源成本为0.1-0.3元/千瓦时，水价为5-8元/吨，具有巨大的节能节水应用潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Analytical description of the electrostatic field of multiple system based on a conducting circular cylinder 基于导电圆柱体的多系统静电场分析描述

IF 2.1 4区工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Journal of Electrostatics

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.elstat.2026.104249

I.F. Spivak-Lavrov, T. Zh Shugayeva, A.B. Seiten, A. Sh Amantaeva

This study presents the analytical derivation of potential functions characterizing the electrostatic fields of multipole systems based on a conducting circular cylinder, utilizing methods from the theory of complex variable functions.

Explicit analytical expressions for the field potentials and their derivatives have been obtained, enabling the computational modeling of equipotential lines for various multipolar configurations, including quadrupole, sextupole and octupole systems. The presented results were obtained under the assumption of infinitely narrow insulating gaps between electrodes. Furthermore, an algorithm and a suite of application software were developed to compute the potentials and electric field intensities of multipole systems constructed on the basis of a conducting circular cylinder.

The results obtained in study can be applied to the design and calculation of charged particle beam transport systems, anti-resonance mass analyzers, and various electrostatic multipole traps, as well as multipole aberration correction in electron microscopy.

本文利用复变函数理论的方法，对导电圆柱多极系统静电场的势函数进行了解析推导。得到了场势及其导数的显式解析表达式，实现了各种多极结构（包括四极、六极和八极系统）等势线的计算建模。所得结果是在电极间无限窄绝缘间隙的假设下得到的。在此基础上，开发了基于导电圆柱结构的多极系统的电势和电场强度计算算法和应用软件。研究结果可应用于带电粒子束输运系统、反共振质谱分析仪、各种静电多极阱的设计和计算，以及电子显微镜中多极像差的校正。

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引用次数: 0

Electrode design and analysis for improving laser-induced plasma detection in laser micro-drilling 提高激光微钻孔激光诱导等离子体探测性能的电极设计与分析

IF 2.1 4区工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Journal of Electrostatics

Pub Date : 2026-01-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.elstat.2026.104241

Chau-Shing Wang , Yuan-Jen Chang , Chau-Ming Tsai

Laser micro-drilling is essential in precision manufacturing, yet its extremely high processing speed makes real-time monitoring challenging. Plasma detection using an externally applied electric field has emerged as a promising solution, as laser-induced plasma generates measurable electrical signals under an applied voltage. This study systematically investigates the effects of electrode geometry, size, internal resistance, and spatial configuration on plasma detection performance. Experimental results show that thick copper electrodes with very low internal resistance can detect plasma signal peaks up to 72.9 V, significantly exceeding previously reported values. The goal of this work is to optimize electrode design to enhance plasma detection sensitivity for real-time monitoring of laser micro-drilling processes.

激光微钻在精密制造中是必不可少的，但其极高的加工速度使得实时监控具有挑战性。由于激光诱导等离子体在外加电压下产生可测量的电信号，利用外加电场进行等离子体检测已成为一种很有前途的解决方案。本研究系统地探讨了电极几何形状、尺寸、内阻和空间配置对等离子体检测性能的影响。实验结果表明，内阻极低的厚铜电极可以检测到高达72.9 V的等离子体信号峰值，大大超过先前报道的值。这项工作的目的是优化电极设计，以提高等离子体检测灵敏度，实时监测激光微钻孔过程。

引用次数: 0

The critical influence of particle charge neutralization on surgical mask and N95 respirator filtration efficiency 粒子电荷中和对医用口罩和N95口罩过滤效率的关键影响

IF 2.1 4区工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Journal of Electrostatics

Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.elstat.2026.104246

Panich Intra

This study investigates the critical influence of particle charge neutralization on the particle filtration efficiency (PFE) of surgical mask media and N95 respirator media across various inhalation face velocities. Surgical masks rely heavily on electrostatic attraction from charged electret fibers to achieve high filtration ratings. We compared the PFE of both mask types under three aerosol charge conditions—highly charged (Non-Neutralizer), X-ray neutralized, and Corona Discharge neutralized—at three face velocities (15.9 cm/s, 10.6 cm/s, and 5.3 cm/s) using 100 nm test particles. Results confirmed that the X-ray neutralizer achieved the closest state to the theoretical Boltzmann charge equilibrium for 100 nm particles (∼19 % charged fraction), establishing the lowest baseline for mechanical filtration efficiency. Filtration efficiency was highest in the Non-Neutralizer condition (up to ∼ 98 %). For surgical masks, the electrostatic contribution was maximized at the high face velocity of 15.9 cm/s, accounting for a drop of up to 20 % in PFE upon neutralization. In contrast, the N95 respirator media maintained an FE of≥95 % even when the challenge aerosol was completely neutralized by the X-ray Neutralizer, fulfilling the minimum requirements of the TIS 2480–2563 standard. The Corona Discharge neutralizer consistently yielded higher PFE values than the X-ray neutralizer for both mask types, suggesting it fails to completely establish a neutral equilibrium. This work quantitatively demonstrates that while surgical mask performance is critically dependent on electrostatic forces, N95 compliance is guaranteed by its inherently robust mechanical filtration.

本研究探讨了不同吸入面速度下，粒子电荷中和对医用口罩介质和N95呼吸器介质粒子过滤效率的关键影响。外科口罩在很大程度上依赖于带电驻极体纤维的静电吸引来实现高过滤额定值。我们比较了两种类型的面罩在三种气溶胶电荷条件下的PFE——高电荷（非中和剂）、x射线中和和电晕放电中和——在三种面速度（15.9 cm/s、10.6 cm/s和5.3 cm/s）下使用100 nm测试颗粒。结果证实，x射线中和剂达到了最接近理论玻尔兹曼电荷平衡的状态，为100 nm粒子（~ 19%带电分数）建立了最低的机械过滤效率基线。在非中和剂条件下过滤效率最高（高达98%）。对于医用口罩，静电贡献在15.9 cm/s的高面速度下达到最大，中和后PFE下降高达20%。相比之下，即使挑战气溶胶被x射线中和剂完全中和，N95呼吸器介质仍保持≥95%的FE，满足TIS 2480-2563标准的最低要求。对于两种类型的掩膜，电晕放电中和剂始终比x射线中和剂产生更高的PFE值，这表明它未能完全建立中性平衡。这项工作定量地表明，虽然外科口罩的性能严重依赖于静电力，但其固有的强大的机械过滤保证了N95的符合性。

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引用次数: 0

Partial discharge behavior in epoxy resin including insulation paper 环氧树脂（包括绝缘纸）的局部放电行为

IF 2.1 4区工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Journal of Electrostatics

Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.elstat.2026.104242

Swe Zin Linn Htet, Takuya Kondo, Takuma Miyake, May Thin Khaing, Tatsuya Sakoda

Partial discharge (PD) is a precursor to insulation breakdown in cast resin transformers. This study investigates PD behavior in epoxy resin containing insulation paper which is commonly used in cast resin transformers to enhance dielectric strength. If there are voids between epoxy and insulation paper, PDs may occur. Measuring PDs in this configuration helps reproduce actual PD phenomena such as PD magnitude, PD occurrence frequency, and degradation in cast resin transformers. In order to grasp the PD behavior, we fabricated a plane-to-plane epoxy electrode and a wire-wound epoxy electrode. Each epoxy electrode contained a void and insulation paper and was arranged in a cubicle. PDs were detected using two transient earth voltage (TEV) sensors and a current transformer (CT) sensor. TEV sensors on the inner cubicle wall captured higher frequency components than those on the outer wall. Additionally, higher frequency components more than 100 MHz became larger after PDs made pits or electrical trees, which is useful for evaluating state of development of PD activities.

局部放电是铸造树脂变压器绝缘击穿的前兆。本文研究了环氧树脂含绝缘纸的局部放电行为。环氧树脂含绝缘纸常用于铸造树脂变压器，以提高其介电强度。如果环氧树脂和绝缘纸之间有空隙，就可能发生pd。在这种配置下测量PD有助于再现实际的PD现象，如PD大小、PD发生频率和铸造树脂变压器中的退化。为了掌握PD的行为，我们制作了一个平面对平面环氧电极和一个线绕环氧电极。每个环氧电极包含一个空隙和绝缘纸，并被安排在一个小隔间里。使用两个瞬态接地电压（TEV）传感器和一个电流互感器（CT）传感器检测pd。隔间内壁的TEV传感器捕捉到的频率成分比外壁的高。此外，超过100 MHz的高频成分在PD形成凹坑或电树后变得更大，这有助于评估PD活动的发展状态。

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引用次数: 0

The mechanism of ionic self-phoresis 离子自电泳机理

IF 2.1 4区工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Journal of Electrostatics

Pub Date : 2026-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.elstat.2026.104240

Alvaro Domínguez , Mihail N. Popescu

We study critically the mechanism of ionic self-phoresis of a chemically active particle immersed in an electrolyte, i.e., the self-propulsion due to activity-induced gradients in the ionic distribution. The chemical activity of the particle is not only responsible for these gradients, but also contributes to the phoretic response. As a consequence, a mechanism of phoresis is unveiled which does not rely on the existence of a double layer at the surface of the particle. This disproves the frequently invoked paradigm that “self-phoresis is like usual phoresis but in a self-generated gradient”.

我们批判性地研究了浸没在电解质中的化学活性粒子的离子自电泳机制，即由活性诱导的离子分布梯度引起的离子自推进。颗粒的化学活性不仅对这些梯度负责，而且对电泳反应也有贡献。结果，揭示了一种不依赖于粒子表面双层存在的电泳机制。这反驳了经常被引用的范式，即“自我电泳就像通常的电泳，但在一个自我产生的梯度中”。

引用次数: 0

Comparative analysis of bottom-gate bottom-contact OTFTs using bio-synthesized SnO2 and Al2O3 dielectrics through TCAD simulation 通过TCAD仿真对生物合成SnO2和Al2O3介质的底栅底接触OTFTs进行了对比分析

IF 2.1 4区工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Journal of Electrostatics

Pub Date : 2026-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.elstat.2026.104245

Arun Pratap Singh Rathod , Waseem Ahmad

In this study, a comparative analysis using TCAD simulation of two bottom-gate bottom-contact (BGBC) organic thin-film transistor (OTFT) structures has been conducted using 80 nm thick chromium oxide (Cr₂O₃) nanoparticles forming the semiconductor layer and two distinct dielectric materials viz. bio-synthesied tin oxide (SnO₂) employing lichen parmelia pelata, with thickness of 10 nm and dielectric constant, κ = 12, and aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃), with thickness of 10 nm and dielectric constant, κ = 9. With the help of SILVACO TCAD simulation tool, we evaluated the key electrical performance parameters systematically for both devices under the identical voltage bias conditions, viz. V_GS & V_DS = -3V. It was discovered through analysis of performance metrics that the OTFT with SnO₂ dielectric layer revealed significantly superior characteristics compared to OTFT device with Al₂O₃ dielectric layer with Linear mobility, saturation mobility, I_ON/I_OFF ratio of 10462.5 cm²/V·s, 891.183 cm², 1.14669 × 10⁶ respectively compared to 3446.82 cm²/V·s, 239.387 cm²/V·s, 22363.3 respectively for Al₂O₃; along with optimized threshold voltage (−1.46924 V vs. −1.56619 V); and lower subthreshold swing (0.195746 V/dec vs. 0.341134 V/dec). This superior performance of SnO₂-based OTFTs is attributed to its higher dielectric constant, lower interface trap density, making it suitable for high-performance, robust, and efficient OTFT devices, for flexible display applications and low cost electronics.

本研究采用厚度为80 nm的氧化铬（Cr2O3）纳米颗粒构成半导体层，采用厚度为10 nm，介电常数为κ = 12的生物合成氧化锡（SnO2）和厚度为10 nm，介电常数为Al2O3的氧化铝（Al2O3）两种不同的介电材料，利用TCAD模拟对两种底栅底接触（BGBC）有机薄膜晶体管（OTFT）结构进行了对比分析。κ = 9。在SILVACO TCAD仿真工具的帮助下，我们系统地评估了两个器件在相同电压偏置条件下的关键电气性能参数，即VGS和VDS = -3V。通过性能指标分析发现，与Al2O3介质层的OTFT器件相比，SnO2介质层的OTFT器件的线性迁移率、饱和迁移率、ION/IOFF比分别为10462.5 cm2/V·s、891.183 cm2、1.14669 × 106，而Al2O3介质层分别为3446.82 cm2/V·s、239.387 cm2/V·s、22363.3；优化阈值电压（- 1.46924 V vs - 1.56619 V）；亚阈值摆幅更低（0.195746 V/dec vs. 0.341134 V/dec）。sno2基OTFT的优异性能归功于其较高的介电常数，较低的界面陷阱密度，使其适用于高性能，鲁棒和高效的OTFT器件，用于柔性显示应用和低成本电子产品。

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引用次数: 0