Pub Date : 2025-12-22DOI: 10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104223
Xiaofen Wu , Yunyi Ding , Ru Wang , Kai Lin , Yichen Luo , Cai Lin
Wearable self-powered sensors show great potential for continuous motion monitoring and next-generation intelligent systems. In this work, a silicone paper-based triboelectric nanogenerator (SP-TENG) was developed to efficiently harvest biomechanical energy from human motion while enabling real-time sensing for gait and posture analysis. The device achieved a peak open-circuit voltage of ∼350.8 V, a short-circuit current of ∼46.3 μA, and a transferred charge of ∼71.9 nC, demonstrating excellent energy conversion efficiency. A maximum instantaneous power of 1.3 mW was obtained under matched load conditions. Compared to conventional paper-based TENGs, the SP-TENG exhibited significantly enhanced output due to the superior triboelectric properties of silicone paper. Its water-resistant structure ensures durability in humid environments, supporting reliable performance in practical applications. The stacked design enables the device to power low-power electronics and LED arrays. With its flexible and lightweight structure, the SP-TENG effectively detects joint bending angles, lower-limb movements, and postural changes. These features make it a promising candidate for integration into wearable electronics for mobility assessment, motion recognition, and adaptive human–machine interfacing, with potential relevance in activity tracking, rehabilitation, and health-related monitoring.
{"title":"High output flexible triboelectric nanogenerator for biomechanical energy harvesting and wearable body joints monitoring","authors":"Xiaofen Wu , Yunyi Ding , Ru Wang , Kai Lin , Yichen Luo , Cai Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104223","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104223","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wearable self-powered sensors show great potential for continuous motion monitoring and next-generation intelligent systems. In this work, a silicone paper-based triboelectric nanogenerator (SP-TENG) was developed to efficiently harvest biomechanical energy from human motion while enabling real-time sensing for gait and posture analysis. The device achieved a peak open-circuit voltage of ∼350.8 V, a short-circuit current of ∼46.3 μA, and a transferred charge of ∼71.9 nC, demonstrating excellent energy conversion efficiency. A maximum instantaneous power of 1.3 mW was obtained under matched load conditions. Compared to conventional paper-based TENGs, the SP-TENG exhibited significantly enhanced output due to the superior triboelectric properties of silicone paper. Its water-resistant structure ensures durability in humid environments, supporting reliable performance in practical applications. The stacked design enables the device to power low-power electronics and LED arrays. With its flexible and lightweight structure, the SP-TENG effectively detects joint bending angles, lower-limb movements, and postural changes. These features make it a promising candidate for integration into wearable electronics for mobility assessment, motion recognition, and adaptive human–machine interfacing, with potential relevance in activity tracking, rehabilitation, and health-related monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrostatics","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 104223"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145839993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-18DOI: 10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104228
Zoltán Ádám Tamus , Lorenzo Villani , Simone Vincenzo Suraci , Davide Fabiani
The -irradiation initiates several degradation mechanisms in insulating polymers, including cross-linking, chain scission, and oxidation, thereby degrading both the mechanical and electrical properties of the materials. Traditionally, the elongation properties are used to qualify the functionality of polymers in radiation environments; however, there is a growing need for non-destructive material testing. One of the substantial advantages of testing electrical properties is that they can be non-destructively measured. Therefore, the conductive properties of -irradiated EPR insulation were investigated in this study. The subject of the research, EPR-insulated cable samples, was investigated using current and extended voltage response (EVR) measurements. The samples were irradiated at a dose rate of 0.8 kGy/h. The total absorbed dose was 1.2 MGy. The results showed that the conductive current and the slope of decay voltage increased steadily with absorbed dose. The activation energies of conductivity increased from the initial 0.8 eV to 2 eV after the total dose. From the trap distribution data, the de-trapping rates were calculated for shallow and deep traps. The de-trapping rate showed a strong correlation with conductivity; however, the de-trapping rate was greater for shallow traps, indicating the dominant role of shallow traps in conduction.
{"title":"Investigation of conduction processes of γ-irradiated EPR insulation by conduction current and extended voltage response measurements","authors":"Zoltán Ádám Tamus , Lorenzo Villani , Simone Vincenzo Suraci , Davide Fabiani","doi":"10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104228","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104228","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The <span><math><mi>γ</mi></math></span>-irradiation initiates several degradation mechanisms in insulating polymers, including cross-linking, chain scission, and oxidation, thereby degrading both the mechanical and electrical properties of the materials. Traditionally, the elongation properties are used to qualify the functionality of polymers in radiation environments; however, there is a growing need for non-destructive material testing. One of the substantial advantages of testing electrical properties is that they can be non-destructively measured. Therefore, the conductive properties of <span><math><mi>γ</mi></math></span>-irradiated EPR insulation were investigated in this study. The subject of the research, EPR-insulated cable samples, was investigated using current and extended voltage response (EVR) measurements. The samples were irradiated at a dose rate of 0.8 kGy/h. The total absorbed dose was 1.2 MGy. The results showed that the conductive current and the slope of decay voltage increased steadily with absorbed dose. The activation energies of conductivity increased from the initial 0.8 eV to 2 eV after the total dose. From the trap distribution data, the de-trapping rates were calculated for shallow and deep traps. The de-trapping rate showed a strong correlation with conductivity; however, the de-trapping rate was greater for shallow traps, indicating the dominant role of shallow traps in conduction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrostatics","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 104228"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145790722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-17DOI: 10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104222
V. Jankuj , P. Lepik , E. Salzano , M. Mynarz
Hydrogen is a promising energy carrier with wide-ranging applications, but its safe storage and handling remain critical challenges. This study investigates the conditions that lead to the accidental self- (or spontaneous) ignition of hydrogen during controlled release from a pressurized cylinder. In the experimental setup, a hydrogen cylinder pressurized to 200 bar was penetrated by a bullet to simulate an accidental release. Thermocouples were strategically placed to measure the temperature of the escaping gas, while the event was monitored with high-speed cameras and drones equipped with thermal imaging.
Temperature measurements of the escaping gas showed minimal variation. However, ignition was observed a few meters from the release point, a surprising result suggesting the involvement of external factors, such as electrostatic discharge or environmental interactions, rather than direct ignition by hydrogen itself. These findings highlight the complexity of hydrogen behavior during high-pressure releases and underline the need for further research to understand and mitigate such risks.
{"title":"Accidental self-ignition of hydrogen released from pressurized cylinder","authors":"V. Jankuj , P. Lepik , E. Salzano , M. Mynarz","doi":"10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104222","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104222","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrogen is a promising energy carrier with wide-ranging applications, but its safe storage and handling remain critical challenges. This study investigates the conditions that lead to the accidental self- (or spontaneous) ignition of hydrogen during controlled release from a pressurized cylinder. In the experimental setup, a hydrogen cylinder pressurized to 200 bar was penetrated by a bullet to simulate an accidental release. Thermocouples were strategically placed to measure the temperature of the escaping gas, while the event was monitored with high-speed cameras and drones equipped with thermal imaging.</div><div>Temperature measurements of the escaping gas showed minimal variation. However, ignition was observed a few meters from the release point, a surprising result suggesting the involvement of external factors, such as electrostatic discharge or environmental interactions, rather than direct ignition by hydrogen itself. These findings highlight the complexity of hydrogen behavior during high-pressure releases and underline the need for further research to understand and mitigate such risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrostatics","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 104222"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145790721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-16DOI: 10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104226
Constantine Yerin , Inna Es'kova , Dmitry Kudinov
An optical method for measuring the conductivity of low-conductivity dielectric liquids is proposed. The method is based on measuring the electric field relaxation times in a cell containing low-conductivity liquid dielectrics, with one electrode coated with a non-conductive dielectric film. The electric field relaxation time in the cell is estimated from the magnitude of the electro-optical Kerr effect, which depends on the field strength. The results of electro-optical conductivity measurements are in good agreement with those obtained using the classical method based on the analysis of current-voltage curves. The effectiveness of the method is confirmed by computer modelling of electric field relaxation using the Nernst-Planck-Poisson equations.
{"title":"A new method for measuring the conductivity of a low-conducting dielectric liquid based on optical experiments","authors":"Constantine Yerin , Inna Es'kova , Dmitry Kudinov","doi":"10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104226","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104226","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An optical method for measuring the conductivity of low-conductivity dielectric liquids is proposed. The method is based on measuring the electric field relaxation times in a cell containing low-conductivity liquid dielectrics, with one electrode coated with a non-conductive dielectric film. The electric field relaxation time in the cell is estimated from the magnitude of the electro-optical Kerr effect, which depends on the field strength. The results of electro-optical conductivity measurements are in good agreement with those obtained using the classical method based on the analysis of current-voltage curves. The effectiveness of the method is confirmed by computer modelling of electric field relaxation using the Nernst-Planck-Poisson equations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrostatics","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 104226"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145790743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-06DOI: 10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104221
Paolo Sammartin
Particles suspended in an insulating liquid can generate an electrification between two metallic elements, working as electrodes, immersed in the fluid. This mechanism can be explained in terms of triboelectricity and charge collection. To observe current and voltage between the two electrodes, particles should collide in a sufficient quantity with at least one electrode: the electrode with most collisions charges the particles with triboelectricity, while the other electrode collects the charge left on the particles. In this paper it is reported an investigation of the phenomenon by flowing a suspension of polytetrafluoroethylene particles in silicone oil inside a closed-loop pipe system so that the motion of the particles could be exactly established. The experimental results allowed to further refine the developed model: a peak current of 5 μA and a maximum electric power of 5.75 mW were recorded. The triboelectric charge transfer is greatly enhanced when the two electrodes are placed close to each other and to the point where collisions are occurring.
{"title":"Triboelectricity of polytetrafluoroethylene particles suspended in silicone oil","authors":"Paolo Sammartin","doi":"10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104221","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104221","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Particles suspended in an insulating liquid can generate an electrification between two metallic elements, working as electrodes, immersed in the fluid. This mechanism can be explained in terms of triboelectricity and charge collection. To observe current and voltage between the two electrodes, particles should collide in a sufficient quantity with at least one electrode: the electrode with most collisions charges the particles with triboelectricity, while the other electrode collects the charge left on the particles. In this paper it is reported an investigation of the phenomenon by flowing a suspension of polytetrafluoroethylene particles in silicone oil inside a closed-loop pipe system so that the motion of the particles could be exactly established. The experimental results allowed to further refine the developed model: a peak current of 5 μA and a maximum electric power of 5.75 mW were recorded. The triboelectric charge transfer is greatly enhanced when the two electrodes are placed close to each other and to the point where collisions are occurring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrostatics","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 104221"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145685276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-06DOI: 10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104219
Zhuangbo Feng , Shuai Liu , Jianhuai Xie , Chong Meng , Ruijun Zhang , Shi-Jie Cao
To enhance nanoparticle removal efficiency and energy savings, this study aims to optimize two-stage ESPs by developing a semi-empirical model that integrates sub-models for ion concentration, nanoparticle charging, and removal efficiency. The Fuchs-Marlow based model accurately predicts experimental nanoparticle removal efficiencies, whereas traditional particle charging models fails. The validated model is employed for optimizing applied voltage and geometrical parameters of ESP. The optimized two-stage ESP can achieve nearly 100 % removal efficiency for nanoparticles sizing in 1–50 nm, and save 94 % of energy consumed by fibrous filter with similar filtration performance. Additionally, the increase in ozone concentration remains below 10 ppb.
{"title":"Highly-efficient removal of nanoparticles using two-stage electrostatic precipitators: Development of a mathematical model and systematic optimal design","authors":"Zhuangbo Feng , Shuai Liu , Jianhuai Xie , Chong Meng , Ruijun Zhang , Shi-Jie Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104219","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104219","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To enhance nanoparticle removal efficiency and energy savings, this study aims to optimize two-stage ESPs by developing a semi-empirical model that integrates sub-models for ion concentration, nanoparticle charging, and removal efficiency. The Fuchs-Marlow based model accurately predicts experimental nanoparticle removal efficiencies, whereas traditional particle charging models fails. The validated model is employed for optimizing applied voltage and geometrical parameters of ESP. The optimized two-stage ESP can achieve nearly 100 % removal efficiency for nanoparticles sizing in 1–50 nm, and save 94 % of energy consumed by fibrous filter with similar filtration performance. Additionally, the increase in ozone concentration remains below 10 ppb.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrostatics","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 104219"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145737148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigates the nanoparticle triboelectrification effect in buoyancy-driven Cu-water nanofluid flow over a vertical plate under multiple slip conditions using Lie group analysis. The work highlights the role of triboelectric charging of nanoparticles in enhancing electrohydrodynamic interactions, thereby improving heat and mass transfer performance. Thermophoresis, Brownian motion, and buoyancy effects are integrated with momentum, thermal, and concentration slip conditions. The reduced ODE system is solved using MATLAB's bvp4c solver, yielding results that closely align with previously reported results. Findings reveal that nanoparticle triboelectrification significantly intensifies skin friction, heat, and mass transfer, offering a remarkable potential for advanced thermal and energy management systems. Nanoparticle triboelectrification notably improves the thermal behavior of nanofluids, offering useful insights for diverse thermal engineering applications. These include electronic and circuit cooling, solar thermal systems, and vertical-wall heat exchangers, where fluid motion typically develops along a vertical plate.
{"title":"Lie group analysis of triboelectric nanoparticle influence on heat and mass transfer in buoyancy-driven nanofluid flow with multiple slip effects","authors":"Sasanka Sekhar Bishoyi , Aditya Kumar Pati , Sujit Mishra , Ashok Misra , Saroj Kumar Mishra","doi":"10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104220","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104220","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the nanoparticle triboelectrification effect in buoyancy-driven Cu-water nanofluid flow over a vertical plate under multiple slip conditions using Lie group analysis. The work highlights the role of triboelectric charging of nanoparticles in enhancing electrohydrodynamic interactions, thereby improving heat and mass transfer performance. Thermophoresis, Brownian motion, and buoyancy effects are integrated with momentum, thermal, and concentration slip conditions. The reduced ODE system is solved using MATLAB's bvp4c solver, yielding results that closely align with previously reported results. Findings reveal that nanoparticle triboelectrification significantly intensifies skin friction, heat, and mass transfer, offering a remarkable potential for advanced thermal and energy management systems. Nanoparticle triboelectrification notably improves the thermal behavior of nanofluids, offering useful insights for diverse thermal engineering applications. These include electronic and circuit cooling, solar thermal systems, and vertical-wall heat exchangers, where fluid motion typically develops along a vertical plate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrostatics","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 104220"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145685275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104209
M. Sohrabi, N. Tabibpour, S. Rabiee
A “Single/Multi-point to Plane Corona Poling Rotating System” was constructed and used for electret film production, parametric studies and dosimetry applications. It operates in two main modes and provides flexibility of electret film production up to 15 cm diameter of either polarity. The influence of some key parameters and needle-to-surface distances on surface charge uniformity, surface charge uniformity, and monitoring surface charge stability of negatively and positively charged PTFE electret films up to 30 days investigated. The system can reliably produce PTFE electret films with high surface charge uniformity and long-term charge stability for radiation dosimetry and other applications.
{"title":"Novel single/multi-point to plane corona poling rotating system for electret film production and parametric studies","authors":"M. Sohrabi, N. Tabibpour, S. Rabiee","doi":"10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104209","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104209","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A “Single/Multi-point to Plane Corona Poling Rotating System” was constructed and used for electret film production, parametric studies and dosimetry applications. It operates in two main modes and provides flexibility of electret film production up to 15 cm diameter of either polarity. The influence of some key parameters and needle-to-surface distances on surface charge uniformity, surface charge uniformity, and monitoring surface charge stability of negatively and positively charged PTFE electret films up to 30 days investigated. The system can reliably produce PTFE electret films with high surface charge uniformity and long-term charge stability for radiation dosimetry and other applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrostatics","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 104209"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145623219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Flexible and stretchable sensors hold promising potential in various applications due to their adaptability and comfort. In this study, a flexible and stretchable tactile (FST) sensor was developed using PVDF-TrFE/Fe3O4 (poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene)/Fe3O4) nanofiber materials. The sensing material and flexible electrodes are configured in a serpentine layout to enhance mechanical stretchability. The sensor exhibits high sensitivity (3.11 V/N), excellent output performance, and outstanding durability (up to 10,000 cycles). and its response characteristics under bending deformation and thermal stimuli have been systematically evaluated. The sensor was initially validated for Braille recognition, demonstrating its capability for tactile recognition. Subsequently, we implemented the sensor in the flexible modification of industrial robots, enabling adaptive object grasping. Experimental results show that the FST sensor is successfully integrated into Braille recognition and industrial robot manipulation tasks. This research not only addresses the need for flexible sensor technology but also highlights its practical implications in tactile recognition and industrial automation, paving the way for advancements in human-machine interaction and automation efficiency.
{"title":"PVDF-TrFE/Fe3O4-based flexible and stretchable tactile (FST) sensors for multi-scenario applications","authors":"Yongbing Huangfu , Jialong Fu , Hongying Tian , Huimin Hao","doi":"10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104204","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104204","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flexible and stretchable sensors hold promising potential in various applications due to their adaptability and comfort. In this study, a flexible and stretchable tactile (FST) sensor was developed using PVDF-TrFE/Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene)/Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) nanofiber materials. The sensing material and flexible electrodes are configured in a serpentine layout to enhance mechanical stretchability. The sensor exhibits high sensitivity (3.11 V/N), excellent output performance, and outstanding durability (up to 10,000 cycles). and its response characteristics under bending deformation and thermal stimuli have been systematically evaluated. The sensor was initially validated for Braille recognition, demonstrating its capability for tactile recognition. Subsequently, we implemented the sensor in the flexible modification of industrial robots, enabling adaptive object grasping. Experimental results show that the FST sensor is successfully integrated into Braille recognition and industrial robot manipulation tasks. This research not only addresses the need for flexible sensor technology but also highlights its practical implications in tactile recognition and industrial automation, paving the way for advancements in human-machine interaction and automation efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrostatics","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 104204"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145623218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-30DOI: 10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104208
Wang Sizhan, Wang Zhihao, Wang Jinghu, Nie Xiangyu, Yang Xiaoyi, Liu Yenan, Liu Yuming, Xu Yanlin
Electrostatic discharge (ESD) event of space solar arrays is a critical reliability challenge for spacecraft, fundamentally arising from differential surface charging effects. The manifestation and severity of ESD events exhibit strong orbital dependence, with two distinct charging regimes identified: the normal potential gradient (NPG), which occurs primarily in shadowed regions dominated by electron accumulation, and the inverted potential gradient (IPG), which is characteristic of sunlit regions. These contrasting potential distributions give rise to fundamentally different discharge mechanisms and characteristic signatures, demanding rigorous physical understanding for effective mitigation. Previous theoretical frameworks, predominantly based on triple-junction models and field-enhanced emission theories, have provided valuable insights into arc initiation, propagation, and termination dynamics. However, these conventional approaches exhibit limitations in capturing the complex plasma-surface interactions and localized discharge phenomena observed in actual spacecraft operations. To address these gaps, we present an advanced theoretical formulation that synergistically combines cathode spot dynamics with multi-component plasma expansion physics. Through experimental validation, this research reveals the distinct mechanisms of NPG and IPG ESD. NPG-driven ESD manifests primarily through anode spot blowoff mechanisms, producing current oscillations in the 3–6 MHz range. In contrast, IPG conditions promote cathode spot formation coupled with electron field enhanced emission (EFEE), generating a single pulsed current. The model demonstrates good agreement with experimental data: it predicts an NPG discharge current amplitude of 2.04 A (versus a test result of 2.75 A) and a significantly higher IPG amplitude of 8.52 A (versus a test result of 8.85 A). This refined theoretical model offers superior capability in interpreting observed discharge current waveforms and propagation characteristics, particularly for geosynchronous orbit (GEO) operational scenarios. The fundamental insights derived from this work enable the development of environment-specific protection strategies.
{"title":"Analysis of discharge characteristics under different charge potential gradients of space high-voltage solar arrays","authors":"Wang Sizhan, Wang Zhihao, Wang Jinghu, Nie Xiangyu, Yang Xiaoyi, Liu Yenan, Liu Yuming, Xu Yanlin","doi":"10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104208","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104208","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrostatic discharge (ESD) event of space solar arrays is a critical reliability challenge for spacecraft, fundamentally arising from differential surface charging effects. The manifestation and severity of ESD events exhibit strong orbital dependence, with two distinct charging regimes identified: the normal potential gradient (NPG), which occurs primarily in shadowed regions dominated by electron accumulation, and the inverted potential gradient (IPG), which is characteristic of sunlit regions. These contrasting potential distributions give rise to fundamentally different discharge mechanisms and characteristic signatures, demanding rigorous physical understanding for effective mitigation. Previous theoretical frameworks, predominantly based on triple-junction models and field-enhanced emission theories, have provided valuable insights into arc initiation, propagation, and termination dynamics. However, these conventional approaches exhibit limitations in capturing the complex plasma-surface interactions and localized discharge phenomena observed in actual spacecraft operations. To address these gaps, we present an advanced theoretical formulation that synergistically combines cathode spot dynamics with multi-component plasma expansion physics. Through experimental validation, this research reveals the distinct mechanisms of NPG and IPG ESD. NPG-driven ESD manifests primarily through anode spot blowoff mechanisms, producing current oscillations in the 3–6 MHz range. In contrast, IPG conditions promote cathode spot formation coupled with electron field enhanced emission (EFEE), generating a single pulsed current. The model demonstrates good agreement with experimental data: it predicts an NPG discharge current amplitude of 2.04 A (versus a test result of 2.75 A) and a significantly higher IPG amplitude of 8.52 A (versus a test result of 8.85 A). This refined theoretical model offers superior capability in interpreting observed discharge current waveforms and propagation characteristics, particularly for geosynchronous orbit (GEO) operational scenarios. The fundamental insights derived from this work enable the development of environment-specific protection strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrostatics","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 104208"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145685163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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