Flexible and stretchable sensors hold promising potential in various applications due to their adaptability and comfort. In this study, a flexible and stretchable tactile (FST) sensor was developed using PVDF-TrFE/Fe3O4 (poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene)/Fe3O4) nanofiber materials. The sensing material and flexible electrodes are configured in a serpentine layout to enhance mechanical stretchability. The sensor exhibits high sensitivity (3.11 V/N), excellent output performance, and outstanding durability (up to 10,000 cycles). and its response characteristics under bending deformation and thermal stimuli have been systematically evaluated. The sensor was initially validated for Braille recognition, demonstrating its capability for tactile recognition. Subsequently, we implemented the sensor in the flexible modification of industrial robots, enabling adaptive object grasping. Experimental results show that the FST sensor is successfully integrated into Braille recognition and industrial robot manipulation tasks. This research not only addresses the need for flexible sensor technology but also highlights its practical implications in tactile recognition and industrial automation, paving the way for advancements in human-machine interaction and automation efficiency.
{"title":"PVDF-TrFE/Fe3O4-based flexible and stretchable tactile (FST) sensors for multi-scenario applications","authors":"Yongbing Huangfu , Jialong Fu , Hongying Tian , Huimin Hao","doi":"10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104204","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104204","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flexible and stretchable sensors hold promising potential in various applications due to their adaptability and comfort. In this study, a flexible and stretchable tactile (FST) sensor was developed using PVDF-TrFE/Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene)/Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) nanofiber materials. The sensing material and flexible electrodes are configured in a serpentine layout to enhance mechanical stretchability. The sensor exhibits high sensitivity (3.11 V/N), excellent output performance, and outstanding durability (up to 10,000 cycles). and its response characteristics under bending deformation and thermal stimuli have been systematically evaluated. The sensor was initially validated for Braille recognition, demonstrating its capability for tactile recognition. Subsequently, we implemented the sensor in the flexible modification of industrial robots, enabling adaptive object grasping. Experimental results show that the FST sensor is successfully integrated into Braille recognition and industrial robot manipulation tasks. This research not only addresses the need for flexible sensor technology but also highlights its practical implications in tactile recognition and industrial automation, paving the way for advancements in human-machine interaction and automation efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrostatics","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 104204"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145623218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-30DOI: 10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104208
Wang Sizhan, Wang Zhihao, Wang Jinghu, Nie Xiangyu, Yang Xiaoyi, Liu Yenan, Liu Yuming, Xu Yanlin
Electrostatic discharge (ESD) event of space solar arrays is a critical reliability challenge for spacecraft, fundamentally arising from differential surface charging effects. The manifestation and severity of ESD events exhibit strong orbital dependence, with two distinct charging regimes identified: the normal potential gradient (NPG), which occurs primarily in shadowed regions dominated by electron accumulation, and the inverted potential gradient (IPG), which is characteristic of sunlit regions. These contrasting potential distributions give rise to fundamentally different discharge mechanisms and characteristic signatures, demanding rigorous physical understanding for effective mitigation. Previous theoretical frameworks, predominantly based on triple-junction models and field-enhanced emission theories, have provided valuable insights into arc initiation, propagation, and termination dynamics. However, these conventional approaches exhibit limitations in capturing the complex plasma-surface interactions and localized discharge phenomena observed in actual spacecraft operations. To address these gaps, we present an advanced theoretical formulation that synergistically combines cathode spot dynamics with multi-component plasma expansion physics. Through experimental validation, this research reveals the distinct mechanisms of NPG and IPG ESD. NPG-driven ESD manifests primarily through anode spot blowoff mechanisms, producing current oscillations in the 3–6 MHz range. In contrast, IPG conditions promote cathode spot formation coupled with electron field enhanced emission (EFEE), generating a single pulsed current. The model demonstrates good agreement with experimental data: it predicts an NPG discharge current amplitude of 2.04 A (versus a test result of 2.75 A) and a significantly higher IPG amplitude of 8.52 A (versus a test result of 8.85 A). This refined theoretical model offers superior capability in interpreting observed discharge current waveforms and propagation characteristics, particularly for geosynchronous orbit (GEO) operational scenarios. The fundamental insights derived from this work enable the development of environment-specific protection strategies.
{"title":"Analysis of discharge characteristics under different charge potential gradients of space high-voltage solar arrays","authors":"Wang Sizhan, Wang Zhihao, Wang Jinghu, Nie Xiangyu, Yang Xiaoyi, Liu Yenan, Liu Yuming, Xu Yanlin","doi":"10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104208","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104208","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrostatic discharge (ESD) event of space solar arrays is a critical reliability challenge for spacecraft, fundamentally arising from differential surface charging effects. The manifestation and severity of ESD events exhibit strong orbital dependence, with two distinct charging regimes identified: the normal potential gradient (NPG), which occurs primarily in shadowed regions dominated by electron accumulation, and the inverted potential gradient (IPG), which is characteristic of sunlit regions. These contrasting potential distributions give rise to fundamentally different discharge mechanisms and characteristic signatures, demanding rigorous physical understanding for effective mitigation. Previous theoretical frameworks, predominantly based on triple-junction models and field-enhanced emission theories, have provided valuable insights into arc initiation, propagation, and termination dynamics. However, these conventional approaches exhibit limitations in capturing the complex plasma-surface interactions and localized discharge phenomena observed in actual spacecraft operations. To address these gaps, we present an advanced theoretical formulation that synergistically combines cathode spot dynamics with multi-component plasma expansion physics. Through experimental validation, this research reveals the distinct mechanisms of NPG and IPG ESD. NPG-driven ESD manifests primarily through anode spot blowoff mechanisms, producing current oscillations in the 3–6 MHz range. In contrast, IPG conditions promote cathode spot formation coupled with electron field enhanced emission (EFEE), generating a single pulsed current. The model demonstrates good agreement with experimental data: it predicts an NPG discharge current amplitude of 2.04 A (versus a test result of 2.75 A) and a significantly higher IPG amplitude of 8.52 A (versus a test result of 8.85 A). This refined theoretical model offers superior capability in interpreting observed discharge current waveforms and propagation characteristics, particularly for geosynchronous orbit (GEO) operational scenarios. The fundamental insights derived from this work enable the development of environment-specific protection strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrostatics","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 104208"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145685163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-26DOI: 10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104210
Andrés Rodríguez-Galán, Alberto T. Pérez, Pablo García-Sánchez, Antonio Ramos
We present a theoretical study of the electrokinetic motion of microparticles suspended in a liquid under the influence of traveling-wave electric fields—a phenomenon known as traveling-wave electrophoresis (TWEP). In our setup, the electric field is generated by time-dependent potentials applied to a periodic array of coplanar microelectrodes located at the bottom of a microfluidic channel. A semianalytical expression for the resulting electric field is obtained by solving Laplace’s equation using a Fourier series expansion, where the Fourier coefficients are determined numerically. This solution is then employed in numerical simulations to compute particle trajectories within a single wavelength of the traveling wave. To characterize particle transport, we construct a transfer function that maps the initial to the final positions of a particle within a unit cell of the channel. This approach enables the prediction of both the final position and the oscillation phase of a particle from its initial conditions. Remarkably, the transfer function reveals the coexistence of regions exhibiting apparent chaotic dynamics with others that serve as attractors for particle motion.
{"title":"Traveling-wave electrophoresis induced by coplanar microelectrode arrays","authors":"Andrés Rodríguez-Galán, Alberto T. Pérez, Pablo García-Sánchez, Antonio Ramos","doi":"10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104210","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104210","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present a theoretical study of the electrokinetic motion of microparticles suspended in a liquid under the influence of traveling-wave electric fields—a phenomenon known as traveling-wave electrophoresis (TWEP). In our setup, the electric field is generated by time-dependent potentials applied to a periodic array of coplanar microelectrodes located at the bottom of a microfluidic channel. A semianalytical expression for the resulting electric field is obtained by solving Laplace’s equation using a Fourier series expansion, where the Fourier coefficients are determined numerically. This solution is then employed in numerical simulations to compute particle trajectories within a single wavelength of the traveling wave. To characterize particle transport, we construct a transfer function that maps the initial to the final positions of a particle within a unit cell of the channel. This approach enables the prediction of both the final position and the oscillation phase of a particle from its initial conditions. Remarkably, the transfer function reveals the coexistence of regions exhibiting apparent chaotic dynamics with others that serve as attractors for particle motion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrostatics","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 104210"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145600438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-19DOI: 10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104205
Claudia A.M. Schrama , Calvin Bavor , John W. Rose , P. David Flammer , Charles G. Durfee
We study the energy delivered through a small-resistance series “victim” load during electrostatic discharge events in air. For gap lengths over 1 mm, the fraction of the stored energy delivered is mostly gap-length independent, with a slight decrease at larger gaps due to electrode geometry. The energy to the victim scales linearly with circuit capacitance and victim load resistance but is not strongly dependent on circuit inductance. This scaling leads to a simple approach to predicting the maximum energy that will be delivered to a series resistance for the case where the victim load resistance is lower than the spark resistance.
{"title":"Scaling of energy delivered through an electrostatic discharge to a small series load","authors":"Claudia A.M. Schrama , Calvin Bavor , John W. Rose , P. David Flammer , Charles G. Durfee","doi":"10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104205","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104205","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We study the energy delivered through a small-resistance series “victim” load during electrostatic discharge events in air. For gap lengths over 1 mm, the fraction of the stored energy delivered is mostly gap-length independent, with a slight decrease at larger gaps due to electrode geometry. The energy to the victim scales linearly with circuit capacitance and victim load resistance but is not strongly dependent on circuit inductance. This scaling leads to a simple approach to predicting the maximum energy that will be delivered to a series resistance for the case where the victim load resistance is lower than the spark resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrostatics","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 104205"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145579038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-15DOI: 10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104206
Zhijin Zhang , Hang Zhang , Xingliang Jiang , Chao Zhou , Rong Liu , Yutai Li
Accurate detection of zero-value insulators in transmission line porcelain insulator strings remains a challenging problem. The infrared imaging and harmonic electric field methods, which rely heavily on environmental conditions and multidimensional image processing. In this study, a full-scale coupled-field model was developed in COMSOL, to closely approximate the real operating environment of ±800 kV DC systems to detect zero-value. On this basis, a differential spatial electric field criterion was proposed, where the field intensity differences between adjacent insulator segments were extracted as features. These features were then cascaded with a probabilistic neural network (PNN) to enhance detection accuracy. The proposed electric field–based method requires only one-dimensional data for classification, thereby simplifying implementation and improving robustness for practical applications. The results show that the electric field curve at the zero-value insulator exhibits a pronounced “dip”, particularly under wet pollution conditions, while the electric field of adjacent normal insulators increases. Using this approach, the position of zero-value insulators in the string was identified with an accuracy of 96.3 %. This study adopts a simulation-based verification approach and has not yet completed field measurements and cross-calibration. In the future, scaled experiments and UAV-based line application tests will be conducted for validation.
{"title":"Detection of zero-value insulators in ±800 kV DC porcelain strings based on spatial electric field variation","authors":"Zhijin Zhang , Hang Zhang , Xingliang Jiang , Chao Zhou , Rong Liu , Yutai Li","doi":"10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104206","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104206","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate detection of zero-value insulators in transmission line porcelain insulator strings remains a challenging problem. The infrared imaging and harmonic electric field methods, which rely heavily on environmental conditions and multidimensional image processing. In this study, a full-scale coupled-field model was developed in COMSOL, to closely approximate the real operating environment of ±800 kV DC systems to detect zero-value. On this basis, a differential spatial electric field criterion was proposed, where the field intensity differences between adjacent insulator segments were extracted as features. These features were then cascaded with a probabilistic neural network (PNN) to enhance detection accuracy. The proposed electric field–based method requires only one-dimensional data for classification, thereby simplifying implementation and improving robustness for practical applications. The results show that the electric field curve at the zero-value insulator exhibits a pronounced “dip”, particularly under wet pollution conditions, while the electric field of adjacent normal insulators increases. Using this approach, the position of zero-value insulators in the string was identified with an accuracy of 96.3 %. This study adopts a simulation-based verification approach and has not yet completed field measurements and cross-calibration. In the future, scaled experiments and UAV-based line application tests will be conducted for validation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrostatics","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 104206"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145527800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-14DOI: 10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104207
John Lekner
A family of conducting toroidal surfaces, each carrying charge , and parametrized by two lengths , was previously shown to have capacitance , independent of . The quadrupole moment of this family is here shown to be , independently of the value of .
{"title":"Quadrupole moment of conducting toroids with known capacitance","authors":"John Lekner","doi":"10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104207","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104207","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A family of conducting toroidal surfaces, each carrying charge <span><math><mrow><mi>Q</mi></mrow></math></span>, and parametrized by two lengths <span><math><mrow><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi></mrow></math></span>, was previously shown to have capacitance <span><math><mrow><mi>a</mi></mrow></math></span>, independent of <span><math><mrow><mi>b</mi></mrow></math></span>. The quadrupole moment of this family is here shown to be <span><math><mrow><mo>−</mo><msup><mrow><mi>Q</mi><mi>b</mi></mrow><mn>2</mn></msup></mrow></math></span>, independently of the value of <span><math><mrow><mi>a</mi></mrow></math></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrostatics","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 104207"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145527799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-05DOI: 10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104201
Pramodt Srinivasula
This work investigates the influence of electrostatic boundary conditions on electroosmotic flow (EOF) in nanochannels when dipolar solvent effects are incorporated through the Langevin–Bikerman (LB) framework, which extends the classical Poisson–Boltzmann (PB) theory by accounting for finite ion size and field-dependent dielectric saturation. In nanofluidic systems, boundary conditions are application-specific: fixed surface charge (FSC) conditions are relevant for functionalized membranes and porous media, whereas fixed surface potential (FSP) conditions describe modern voltage-gated nanopores in nanofluidic logic devices and biosensors. Comparisons show that the LB corrections to PB predictions differ fundamentally between the two cases: under FSP they enhance EOF, whereas under FSC they suppress it. The extent of corrections depend on the solvent dipole moment, channel dimensions, and salt concentration across parameter ranges relevant to nanofluidic applications. These findings demonstrate the critical importance of thermodynamically consistent boundary modeling for accurate nanoscale electrokinetic simulations and provide guidance for the design and interpretation of nanofluidic devices.
{"title":"Dipolar solvent corrections in nanopore electroosmotic flow with different surface electrostatic conditions","authors":"Pramodt Srinivasula","doi":"10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104201","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104201","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work investigates the influence of electrostatic boundary conditions on electroosmotic flow (EOF) in nanochannels when dipolar solvent effects are incorporated through the Langevin–Bikerman (LB) framework, which extends the classical Poisson–Boltzmann (PB) theory by accounting for finite ion size and field-dependent dielectric saturation. In nanofluidic systems, boundary conditions are application-specific: fixed surface charge (FSC) conditions are relevant for functionalized membranes and porous media, whereas fixed surface potential (FSP) conditions describe modern voltage-gated nanopores in nanofluidic logic devices and biosensors. Comparisons show that the LB corrections to PB predictions differ fundamentally between the two cases: under FSP they enhance EOF, whereas under FSC they suppress it. The extent of corrections depend on the solvent dipole moment, channel dimensions, and salt concentration across parameter ranges relevant to nanofluidic applications. These findings demonstrate the critical importance of thermodynamically consistent boundary modeling for accurate nanoscale electrokinetic simulations and provide guidance for the design and interpretation of nanofluidic devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrostatics","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 104201"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145473487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-04DOI: 10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104203
Jiyoung Ko, Jiwon Jeong, Donghyeon Kim, Jongjin Lee
The induced voltage on droplets was measured as droplets of DI water and NaCl solution passed through a voltage-applied cylinder. Without an external electric field, ion addition to DI water generated extra induced charge. When NaCl solution was used, the induced voltage of the droplets increased under low humidity but decreased under high humidity compared to that of pure water. A threshold cylinder voltage was required to induce additional charge. At high humidity, application of high voltages to the cylinder led to an asymmetric response of the induced voltage depending on the polarity of the applied voltage.
{"title":"Electrostatic charge induction in a NaCl solution droplet by a cylindrical electrode","authors":"Jiyoung Ko, Jiwon Jeong, Donghyeon Kim, Jongjin Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104203","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104203","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The induced voltage on droplets was measured as droplets of DI water and NaCl solution passed through a voltage-applied cylinder. Without an external electric field, ion addition to DI water generated extra induced charge. When NaCl solution was used, the induced voltage of the droplets increased under low humidity but decreased under high humidity compared to that of pure water. A threshold cylinder voltage was required to induce additional charge. At high humidity, application of high voltages to the cylinder led to an asymmetric response of the induced voltage depending on the polarity of the applied voltage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrostatics","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 104203"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145473488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-28DOI: 10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104202
Jingqi Sun , Weining Chen , Dianhang Li , Shengxin Huang , Nianwen Xiang , Kejie Li , Jianwei Zheng , Youjing Lei , Zhaoyuan Song
The ancient architecture with wooden structures is vulnerable to lightning strike damage. Whether wooden structures have the same ability to initiate upward lightning leader discharges as modern structures is still unclear. To explore this question, experiments were conducted in the laboratory. The strong lightning background electric field was produced and the positive upward lightning leader discharges were simulated and observed. The results indicate that it’s difficult for the positive upward lightning leader to initiate on dry wooden structures under the strong background electric field. Keeping the wooden structures dry may be the key to protecting the wooden structures from lightning damage.
{"title":"Experimental study on lightning attraction characteristics of wooden structures","authors":"Jingqi Sun , Weining Chen , Dianhang Li , Shengxin Huang , Nianwen Xiang , Kejie Li , Jianwei Zheng , Youjing Lei , Zhaoyuan Song","doi":"10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104202","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104202","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ancient architecture with wooden structures is vulnerable to lightning strike damage. Whether wooden structures have the same ability to initiate upward lightning leader discharges as modern structures is still unclear. To explore this question, experiments were conducted in the laboratory. The strong lightning background electric field was produced and the positive upward lightning leader discharges were simulated and observed. The results indicate that it’s difficult for the positive upward lightning leader to initiate on dry wooden structures under the strong background electric field. Keeping the wooden structures dry may be the key to protecting the wooden structures from lightning damage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrostatics","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 104202"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145424621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-28DOI: 10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104199
Zhiwei Chen , Xinjie Zhao , Nianwen Xiang , Shengxin Huang , Lijian Ding , Shenjian He , Shulai Wang , Chaoqun Wang , Zengwei Lyu
Lightning poses a significant threat to aviation safety, with aircraft-triggered strikes accounting for up to 90 % of incidents. Traditional models fail to predict lightning attachment zones, because they neglect the bipolar leader. This study develops a bipolar leader propagation model that incorporates potential bias effects for aircraft. Results demonstrate that the development of positive leader deposits negative charges on the aircraft surface, thereby impeding further leader development. Furthermore, the initiation sites of lightning leaders dynamically migrate along the aircraft surface in response to ambient electric field direction changes. This research provides a physics-based framework for enhanced lightning zoning methodologies.
{"title":"Bipolar leader theory-based simulation analysis of aircraft lightning strike attachment zones","authors":"Zhiwei Chen , Xinjie Zhao , Nianwen Xiang , Shengxin Huang , Lijian Ding , Shenjian He , Shulai Wang , Chaoqun Wang , Zengwei Lyu","doi":"10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104199","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104199","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lightning poses a significant threat to aviation safety, with aircraft-triggered strikes accounting for up to 90 % of incidents. Traditional models fail to predict lightning attachment zones, because they neglect the bipolar leader. This study develops a bipolar leader propagation model that incorporates potential bias effects for aircraft. Results demonstrate that the development of positive leader deposits negative charges on the aircraft surface, thereby impeding further leader development. Furthermore, the initiation sites of lightning leaders dynamically migrate along the aircraft surface in response to ambient electric field direction changes. This research provides a physics-based framework for enhanced lightning zoning methodologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrostatics","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 104199"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145424619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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