Pub Date : 2025-12-06DOI: 10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104221
Paolo Sammartin
Particles suspended in an insulating liquid can generate an electrification between two metallic elements, working as electrodes, immersed in the fluid. This mechanism can be explained in terms of triboelectricity and charge collection. To observe current and voltage between the two electrodes, particles should collide in a sufficient quantity with at least one electrode: the electrode with most collisions charges the particles with triboelectricity, while the other electrode collects the charge left on the particles. In this paper it is reported an investigation of the phenomenon by flowing a suspension of polytetrafluoroethylene particles in silicone oil inside a closed-loop pipe system so that the motion of the particles could be exactly established. The experimental results allowed to further refine the developed model: a peak current of 5 μA and a maximum electric power of 5.75 mW were recorded. The triboelectric charge transfer is greatly enhanced when the two electrodes are placed close to each other and to the point where collisions are occurring.
{"title":"Triboelectricity of polytetrafluoroethylene particles suspended in silicone oil","authors":"Paolo Sammartin","doi":"10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104221","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104221","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Particles suspended in an insulating liquid can generate an electrification between two metallic elements, working as electrodes, immersed in the fluid. This mechanism can be explained in terms of triboelectricity and charge collection. To observe current and voltage between the two electrodes, particles should collide in a sufficient quantity with at least one electrode: the electrode with most collisions charges the particles with triboelectricity, while the other electrode collects the charge left on the particles. In this paper it is reported an investigation of the phenomenon by flowing a suspension of polytetrafluoroethylene particles in silicone oil inside a closed-loop pipe system so that the motion of the particles could be exactly established. The experimental results allowed to further refine the developed model: a peak current of 5 μA and a maximum electric power of 5.75 mW were recorded. The triboelectric charge transfer is greatly enhanced when the two electrodes are placed close to each other and to the point where collisions are occurring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrostatics","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 104221"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145685276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-06DOI: 10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104219
Zhuangbo Feng , Shuai Liu , Jianhuai Xie , Chong Meng , Ruijun Zhang , Shi-Jie Cao
To enhance nanoparticle removal efficiency and energy savings, this study aims to optimize two-stage ESPs by developing a semi-empirical model that integrates sub-models for ion concentration, nanoparticle charging, and removal efficiency. The Fuchs-Marlow based model accurately predicts experimental nanoparticle removal efficiencies, whereas traditional particle charging models fails. The validated model is employed for optimizing applied voltage and geometrical parameters of ESP. The optimized two-stage ESP can achieve nearly 100 % removal efficiency for nanoparticles sizing in 1–50 nm, and save 94 % of energy consumed by fibrous filter with similar filtration performance. Additionally, the increase in ozone concentration remains below 10 ppb.
{"title":"Highly-efficient removal of nanoparticles using two-stage electrostatic precipitators: Development of a mathematical model and systematic optimal design","authors":"Zhuangbo Feng , Shuai Liu , Jianhuai Xie , Chong Meng , Ruijun Zhang , Shi-Jie Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104219","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104219","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To enhance nanoparticle removal efficiency and energy savings, this study aims to optimize two-stage ESPs by developing a semi-empirical model that integrates sub-models for ion concentration, nanoparticle charging, and removal efficiency. The Fuchs-Marlow based model accurately predicts experimental nanoparticle removal efficiencies, whereas traditional particle charging models fails. The validated model is employed for optimizing applied voltage and geometrical parameters of ESP. The optimized two-stage ESP can achieve nearly 100 % removal efficiency for nanoparticles sizing in 1–50 nm, and save 94 % of energy consumed by fibrous filter with similar filtration performance. Additionally, the increase in ozone concentration remains below 10 ppb.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrostatics","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 104219"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145737148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigates the nanoparticle triboelectrification effect in buoyancy-driven Cu-water nanofluid flow over a vertical plate under multiple slip conditions using Lie group analysis. The work highlights the role of triboelectric charging of nanoparticles in enhancing electrohydrodynamic interactions, thereby improving heat and mass transfer performance. Thermophoresis, Brownian motion, and buoyancy effects are integrated with momentum, thermal, and concentration slip conditions. The reduced ODE system is solved using MATLAB's bvp4c solver, yielding results that closely align with previously reported results. Findings reveal that nanoparticle triboelectrification significantly intensifies skin friction, heat, and mass transfer, offering a remarkable potential for advanced thermal and energy management systems. Nanoparticle triboelectrification notably improves the thermal behavior of nanofluids, offering useful insights for diverse thermal engineering applications. These include electronic and circuit cooling, solar thermal systems, and vertical-wall heat exchangers, where fluid motion typically develops along a vertical plate.
{"title":"Lie group analysis of triboelectric nanoparticle influence on heat and mass transfer in buoyancy-driven nanofluid flow with multiple slip effects","authors":"Sasanka Sekhar Bishoyi , Aditya Kumar Pati , Sujit Mishra , Ashok Misra , Saroj Kumar Mishra","doi":"10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104220","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104220","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the nanoparticle triboelectrification effect in buoyancy-driven Cu-water nanofluid flow over a vertical plate under multiple slip conditions using Lie group analysis. The work highlights the role of triboelectric charging of nanoparticles in enhancing electrohydrodynamic interactions, thereby improving heat and mass transfer performance. Thermophoresis, Brownian motion, and buoyancy effects are integrated with momentum, thermal, and concentration slip conditions. The reduced ODE system is solved using MATLAB's bvp4c solver, yielding results that closely align with previously reported results. Findings reveal that nanoparticle triboelectrification significantly intensifies skin friction, heat, and mass transfer, offering a remarkable potential for advanced thermal and energy management systems. Nanoparticle triboelectrification notably improves the thermal behavior of nanofluids, offering useful insights for diverse thermal engineering applications. These include electronic and circuit cooling, solar thermal systems, and vertical-wall heat exchangers, where fluid motion typically develops along a vertical plate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrostatics","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 104220"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145685275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104209
M. Sohrabi, N. Tabibpour, S. Rabiee
A “Single/Multi-point to Plane Corona Poling Rotating System” was constructed and used for electret film production, parametric studies and dosimetry applications. It operates in two main modes and provides flexibility of electret film production up to 15 cm diameter of either polarity. The influence of some key parameters and needle-to-surface distances on surface charge uniformity, surface charge uniformity, and monitoring surface charge stability of negatively and positively charged PTFE electret films up to 30 days investigated. The system can reliably produce PTFE electret films with high surface charge uniformity and long-term charge stability for radiation dosimetry and other applications.
{"title":"Novel single/multi-point to plane corona poling rotating system for electret film production and parametric studies","authors":"M. Sohrabi, N. Tabibpour, S. Rabiee","doi":"10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104209","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104209","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A “Single/Multi-point to Plane Corona Poling Rotating System” was constructed and used for electret film production, parametric studies and dosimetry applications. It operates in two main modes and provides flexibility of electret film production up to 15 cm diameter of either polarity. The influence of some key parameters and needle-to-surface distances on surface charge uniformity, surface charge uniformity, and monitoring surface charge stability of negatively and positively charged PTFE electret films up to 30 days investigated. The system can reliably produce PTFE electret films with high surface charge uniformity and long-term charge stability for radiation dosimetry and other applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrostatics","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 104209"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145623219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Flexible and stretchable sensors hold promising potential in various applications due to their adaptability and comfort. In this study, a flexible and stretchable tactile (FST) sensor was developed using PVDF-TrFE/Fe3O4 (poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene)/Fe3O4) nanofiber materials. The sensing material and flexible electrodes are configured in a serpentine layout to enhance mechanical stretchability. The sensor exhibits high sensitivity (3.11 V/N), excellent output performance, and outstanding durability (up to 10,000 cycles). and its response characteristics under bending deformation and thermal stimuli have been systematically evaluated. The sensor was initially validated for Braille recognition, demonstrating its capability for tactile recognition. Subsequently, we implemented the sensor in the flexible modification of industrial robots, enabling adaptive object grasping. Experimental results show that the FST sensor is successfully integrated into Braille recognition and industrial robot manipulation tasks. This research not only addresses the need for flexible sensor technology but also highlights its practical implications in tactile recognition and industrial automation, paving the way for advancements in human-machine interaction and automation efficiency.
{"title":"PVDF-TrFE/Fe3O4-based flexible and stretchable tactile (FST) sensors for multi-scenario applications","authors":"Yongbing Huangfu , Jialong Fu , Hongying Tian , Huimin Hao","doi":"10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104204","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104204","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flexible and stretchable sensors hold promising potential in various applications due to their adaptability and comfort. In this study, a flexible and stretchable tactile (FST) sensor was developed using PVDF-TrFE/Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene)/Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) nanofiber materials. The sensing material and flexible electrodes are configured in a serpentine layout to enhance mechanical stretchability. The sensor exhibits high sensitivity (3.11 V/N), excellent output performance, and outstanding durability (up to 10,000 cycles). and its response characteristics under bending deformation and thermal stimuli have been systematically evaluated. The sensor was initially validated for Braille recognition, demonstrating its capability for tactile recognition. Subsequently, we implemented the sensor in the flexible modification of industrial robots, enabling adaptive object grasping. Experimental results show that the FST sensor is successfully integrated into Braille recognition and industrial robot manipulation tasks. This research not only addresses the need for flexible sensor technology but also highlights its practical implications in tactile recognition and industrial automation, paving the way for advancements in human-machine interaction and automation efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrostatics","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 104204"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145623218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-30DOI: 10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104208
Wang Sizhan, Wang Zhihao, Wang Jinghu, Nie Xiangyu, Yang Xiaoyi, Liu Yenan, Liu Yuming, Xu Yanlin
Electrostatic discharge (ESD) event of space solar arrays is a critical reliability challenge for spacecraft, fundamentally arising from differential surface charging effects. The manifestation and severity of ESD events exhibit strong orbital dependence, with two distinct charging regimes identified: the normal potential gradient (NPG), which occurs primarily in shadowed regions dominated by electron accumulation, and the inverted potential gradient (IPG), which is characteristic of sunlit regions. These contrasting potential distributions give rise to fundamentally different discharge mechanisms and characteristic signatures, demanding rigorous physical understanding for effective mitigation. Previous theoretical frameworks, predominantly based on triple-junction models and field-enhanced emission theories, have provided valuable insights into arc initiation, propagation, and termination dynamics. However, these conventional approaches exhibit limitations in capturing the complex plasma-surface interactions and localized discharge phenomena observed in actual spacecraft operations. To address these gaps, we present an advanced theoretical formulation that synergistically combines cathode spot dynamics with multi-component plasma expansion physics. Through experimental validation, this research reveals the distinct mechanisms of NPG and IPG ESD. NPG-driven ESD manifests primarily through anode spot blowoff mechanisms, producing current oscillations in the 3–6 MHz range. In contrast, IPG conditions promote cathode spot formation coupled with electron field enhanced emission (EFEE), generating a single pulsed current. The model demonstrates good agreement with experimental data: it predicts an NPG discharge current amplitude of 2.04 A (versus a test result of 2.75 A) and a significantly higher IPG amplitude of 8.52 A (versus a test result of 8.85 A). This refined theoretical model offers superior capability in interpreting observed discharge current waveforms and propagation characteristics, particularly for geosynchronous orbit (GEO) operational scenarios. The fundamental insights derived from this work enable the development of environment-specific protection strategies.
{"title":"Analysis of discharge characteristics under different charge potential gradients of space high-voltage solar arrays","authors":"Wang Sizhan, Wang Zhihao, Wang Jinghu, Nie Xiangyu, Yang Xiaoyi, Liu Yenan, Liu Yuming, Xu Yanlin","doi":"10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104208","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104208","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrostatic discharge (ESD) event of space solar arrays is a critical reliability challenge for spacecraft, fundamentally arising from differential surface charging effects. The manifestation and severity of ESD events exhibit strong orbital dependence, with two distinct charging regimes identified: the normal potential gradient (NPG), which occurs primarily in shadowed regions dominated by electron accumulation, and the inverted potential gradient (IPG), which is characteristic of sunlit regions. These contrasting potential distributions give rise to fundamentally different discharge mechanisms and characteristic signatures, demanding rigorous physical understanding for effective mitigation. Previous theoretical frameworks, predominantly based on triple-junction models and field-enhanced emission theories, have provided valuable insights into arc initiation, propagation, and termination dynamics. However, these conventional approaches exhibit limitations in capturing the complex plasma-surface interactions and localized discharge phenomena observed in actual spacecraft operations. To address these gaps, we present an advanced theoretical formulation that synergistically combines cathode spot dynamics with multi-component plasma expansion physics. Through experimental validation, this research reveals the distinct mechanisms of NPG and IPG ESD. NPG-driven ESD manifests primarily through anode spot blowoff mechanisms, producing current oscillations in the 3–6 MHz range. In contrast, IPG conditions promote cathode spot formation coupled with electron field enhanced emission (EFEE), generating a single pulsed current. The model demonstrates good agreement with experimental data: it predicts an NPG discharge current amplitude of 2.04 A (versus a test result of 2.75 A) and a significantly higher IPG amplitude of 8.52 A (versus a test result of 8.85 A). This refined theoretical model offers superior capability in interpreting observed discharge current waveforms and propagation characteristics, particularly for geosynchronous orbit (GEO) operational scenarios. The fundamental insights derived from this work enable the development of environment-specific protection strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrostatics","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 104208"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145685163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-26DOI: 10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104210
Andrés Rodríguez-Galán, Alberto T. Pérez, Pablo García-Sánchez, Antonio Ramos
We present a theoretical study of the electrokinetic motion of microparticles suspended in a liquid under the influence of traveling-wave electric fields—a phenomenon known as traveling-wave electrophoresis (TWEP). In our setup, the electric field is generated by time-dependent potentials applied to a periodic array of coplanar microelectrodes located at the bottom of a microfluidic channel. A semianalytical expression for the resulting electric field is obtained by solving Laplace’s equation using a Fourier series expansion, where the Fourier coefficients are determined numerically. This solution is then employed in numerical simulations to compute particle trajectories within a single wavelength of the traveling wave. To characterize particle transport, we construct a transfer function that maps the initial to the final positions of a particle within a unit cell of the channel. This approach enables the prediction of both the final position and the oscillation phase of a particle from its initial conditions. Remarkably, the transfer function reveals the coexistence of regions exhibiting apparent chaotic dynamics with others that serve as attractors for particle motion.
{"title":"Traveling-wave electrophoresis induced by coplanar microelectrode arrays","authors":"Andrés Rodríguez-Galán, Alberto T. Pérez, Pablo García-Sánchez, Antonio Ramos","doi":"10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104210","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104210","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present a theoretical study of the electrokinetic motion of microparticles suspended in a liquid under the influence of traveling-wave electric fields—a phenomenon known as traveling-wave electrophoresis (TWEP). In our setup, the electric field is generated by time-dependent potentials applied to a periodic array of coplanar microelectrodes located at the bottom of a microfluidic channel. A semianalytical expression for the resulting electric field is obtained by solving Laplace’s equation using a Fourier series expansion, where the Fourier coefficients are determined numerically. This solution is then employed in numerical simulations to compute particle trajectories within a single wavelength of the traveling wave. To characterize particle transport, we construct a transfer function that maps the initial to the final positions of a particle within a unit cell of the channel. This approach enables the prediction of both the final position and the oscillation phase of a particle from its initial conditions. Remarkably, the transfer function reveals the coexistence of regions exhibiting apparent chaotic dynamics with others that serve as attractors for particle motion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrostatics","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 104210"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145600438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-19DOI: 10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104205
Claudia A.M. Schrama , Calvin Bavor , John W. Rose , P. David Flammer , Charles G. Durfee
We study the energy delivered through a small-resistance series “victim” load during electrostatic discharge events in air. For gap lengths over 1 mm, the fraction of the stored energy delivered is mostly gap-length independent, with a slight decrease at larger gaps due to electrode geometry. The energy to the victim scales linearly with circuit capacitance and victim load resistance but is not strongly dependent on circuit inductance. This scaling leads to a simple approach to predicting the maximum energy that will be delivered to a series resistance for the case where the victim load resistance is lower than the spark resistance.
{"title":"Scaling of energy delivered through an electrostatic discharge to a small series load","authors":"Claudia A.M. Schrama , Calvin Bavor , John W. Rose , P. David Flammer , Charles G. Durfee","doi":"10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104205","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104205","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We study the energy delivered through a small-resistance series “victim” load during electrostatic discharge events in air. For gap lengths over 1 mm, the fraction of the stored energy delivered is mostly gap-length independent, with a slight decrease at larger gaps due to electrode geometry. The energy to the victim scales linearly with circuit capacitance and victim load resistance but is not strongly dependent on circuit inductance. This scaling leads to a simple approach to predicting the maximum energy that will be delivered to a series resistance for the case where the victim load resistance is lower than the spark resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrostatics","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 104205"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145579038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-15DOI: 10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104206
Zhijin Zhang , Hang Zhang , Xingliang Jiang , Chao Zhou , Rong Liu , Yutai Li
Accurate detection of zero-value insulators in transmission line porcelain insulator strings remains a challenging problem. The infrared imaging and harmonic electric field methods, which rely heavily on environmental conditions and multidimensional image processing. In this study, a full-scale coupled-field model was developed in COMSOL, to closely approximate the real operating environment of ±800 kV DC systems to detect zero-value. On this basis, a differential spatial electric field criterion was proposed, where the field intensity differences between adjacent insulator segments were extracted as features. These features were then cascaded with a probabilistic neural network (PNN) to enhance detection accuracy. The proposed electric field–based method requires only one-dimensional data for classification, thereby simplifying implementation and improving robustness for practical applications. The results show that the electric field curve at the zero-value insulator exhibits a pronounced “dip”, particularly under wet pollution conditions, while the electric field of adjacent normal insulators increases. Using this approach, the position of zero-value insulators in the string was identified with an accuracy of 96.3 %. This study adopts a simulation-based verification approach and has not yet completed field measurements and cross-calibration. In the future, scaled experiments and UAV-based line application tests will be conducted for validation.
{"title":"Detection of zero-value insulators in ±800 kV DC porcelain strings based on spatial electric field variation","authors":"Zhijin Zhang , Hang Zhang , Xingliang Jiang , Chao Zhou , Rong Liu , Yutai Li","doi":"10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104206","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104206","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate detection of zero-value insulators in transmission line porcelain insulator strings remains a challenging problem. The infrared imaging and harmonic electric field methods, which rely heavily on environmental conditions and multidimensional image processing. In this study, a full-scale coupled-field model was developed in COMSOL, to closely approximate the real operating environment of ±800 kV DC systems to detect zero-value. On this basis, a differential spatial electric field criterion was proposed, where the field intensity differences between adjacent insulator segments were extracted as features. These features were then cascaded with a probabilistic neural network (PNN) to enhance detection accuracy. The proposed electric field–based method requires only one-dimensional data for classification, thereby simplifying implementation and improving robustness for practical applications. The results show that the electric field curve at the zero-value insulator exhibits a pronounced “dip”, particularly under wet pollution conditions, while the electric field of adjacent normal insulators increases. Using this approach, the position of zero-value insulators in the string was identified with an accuracy of 96.3 %. This study adopts a simulation-based verification approach and has not yet completed field measurements and cross-calibration. In the future, scaled experiments and UAV-based line application tests will be conducted for validation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrostatics","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 104206"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145527800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-14DOI: 10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104207
John Lekner
A family of conducting toroidal surfaces, each carrying charge , and parametrized by two lengths , was previously shown to have capacitance , independent of . The quadrupole moment of this family is here shown to be , independently of the value of .
{"title":"Quadrupole moment of conducting toroids with known capacitance","authors":"John Lekner","doi":"10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104207","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104207","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A family of conducting toroidal surfaces, each carrying charge <span><math><mrow><mi>Q</mi></mrow></math></span>, and parametrized by two lengths <span><math><mrow><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi></mrow></math></span>, was previously shown to have capacitance <span><math><mrow><mi>a</mi></mrow></math></span>, independent of <span><math><mrow><mi>b</mi></mrow></math></span>. The quadrupole moment of this family is here shown to be <span><math><mrow><mo>−</mo><msup><mrow><mi>Q</mi><mi>b</mi></mrow><mn>2</mn></msup></mrow></math></span>, independently of the value of <span><math><mrow><mi>a</mi></mrow></math></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrostatics","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 104207"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145527799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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