Pub Date : 2025-11-05DOI: 10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104201
Pramodt Srinivasula
This work investigates the influence of electrostatic boundary conditions on electroosmotic flow (EOF) in nanochannels when dipolar solvent effects are incorporated through the Langevin–Bikerman (LB) framework, which extends the classical Poisson–Boltzmann (PB) theory by accounting for finite ion size and field-dependent dielectric saturation. In nanofluidic systems, boundary conditions are application-specific: fixed surface charge (FSC) conditions are relevant for functionalized membranes and porous media, whereas fixed surface potential (FSP) conditions describe modern voltage-gated nanopores in nanofluidic logic devices and biosensors. Comparisons show that the LB corrections to PB predictions differ fundamentally between the two cases: under FSP they enhance EOF, whereas under FSC they suppress it. The extent of corrections depend on the solvent dipole moment, channel dimensions, and salt concentration across parameter ranges relevant to nanofluidic applications. These findings demonstrate the critical importance of thermodynamically consistent boundary modeling for accurate nanoscale electrokinetic simulations and provide guidance for the design and interpretation of nanofluidic devices.
{"title":"Dipolar solvent corrections in nanopore electroosmotic flow with different surface electrostatic conditions","authors":"Pramodt Srinivasula","doi":"10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104201","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104201","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work investigates the influence of electrostatic boundary conditions on electroosmotic flow (EOF) in nanochannels when dipolar solvent effects are incorporated through the Langevin–Bikerman (LB) framework, which extends the classical Poisson–Boltzmann (PB) theory by accounting for finite ion size and field-dependent dielectric saturation. In nanofluidic systems, boundary conditions are application-specific: fixed surface charge (FSC) conditions are relevant for functionalized membranes and porous media, whereas fixed surface potential (FSP) conditions describe modern voltage-gated nanopores in nanofluidic logic devices and biosensors. Comparisons show that the LB corrections to PB predictions differ fundamentally between the two cases: under FSP they enhance EOF, whereas under FSC they suppress it. The extent of corrections depend on the solvent dipole moment, channel dimensions, and salt concentration across parameter ranges relevant to nanofluidic applications. These findings demonstrate the critical importance of thermodynamically consistent boundary modeling for accurate nanoscale electrokinetic simulations and provide guidance for the design and interpretation of nanofluidic devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrostatics","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 104201"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145473487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-04DOI: 10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104203
Jiyoung Ko, Jiwon Jeong, Donghyeon Kim, Jongjin Lee
The induced voltage on droplets was measured as droplets of DI water and NaCl solution passed through a voltage-applied cylinder. Without an external electric field, ion addition to DI water generated extra induced charge. When NaCl solution was used, the induced voltage of the droplets increased under low humidity but decreased under high humidity compared to that of pure water. A threshold cylinder voltage was required to induce additional charge. At high humidity, application of high voltages to the cylinder led to an asymmetric response of the induced voltage depending on the polarity of the applied voltage.
{"title":"Electrostatic charge induction in a NaCl solution droplet by a cylindrical electrode","authors":"Jiyoung Ko, Jiwon Jeong, Donghyeon Kim, Jongjin Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104203","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104203","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The induced voltage on droplets was measured as droplets of DI water and NaCl solution passed through a voltage-applied cylinder. Without an external electric field, ion addition to DI water generated extra induced charge. When NaCl solution was used, the induced voltage of the droplets increased under low humidity but decreased under high humidity compared to that of pure water. A threshold cylinder voltage was required to induce additional charge. At high humidity, application of high voltages to the cylinder led to an asymmetric response of the induced voltage depending on the polarity of the applied voltage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrostatics","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 104203"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145473488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-28DOI: 10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104202
Jingqi Sun , Weining Chen , Dianhang Li , Shengxin Huang , Nianwen Xiang , Kejie Li , Jianwei Zheng , Youjing Lei , Zhaoyuan Song
The ancient architecture with wooden structures is vulnerable to lightning strike damage. Whether wooden structures have the same ability to initiate upward lightning leader discharges as modern structures is still unclear. To explore this question, experiments were conducted in the laboratory. The strong lightning background electric field was produced and the positive upward lightning leader discharges were simulated and observed. The results indicate that it’s difficult for the positive upward lightning leader to initiate on dry wooden structures under the strong background electric field. Keeping the wooden structures dry may be the key to protecting the wooden structures from lightning damage.
{"title":"Experimental study on lightning attraction characteristics of wooden structures","authors":"Jingqi Sun , Weining Chen , Dianhang Li , Shengxin Huang , Nianwen Xiang , Kejie Li , Jianwei Zheng , Youjing Lei , Zhaoyuan Song","doi":"10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104202","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104202","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ancient architecture with wooden structures is vulnerable to lightning strike damage. Whether wooden structures have the same ability to initiate upward lightning leader discharges as modern structures is still unclear. To explore this question, experiments were conducted in the laboratory. The strong lightning background electric field was produced and the positive upward lightning leader discharges were simulated and observed. The results indicate that it’s difficult for the positive upward lightning leader to initiate on dry wooden structures under the strong background electric field. Keeping the wooden structures dry may be the key to protecting the wooden structures from lightning damage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrostatics","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 104202"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145424621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-28DOI: 10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104199
Zhiwei Chen , Xinjie Zhao , Nianwen Xiang , Shengxin Huang , Lijian Ding , Shenjian He , Shulai Wang , Chaoqun Wang , Zengwei Lyu
Lightning poses a significant threat to aviation safety, with aircraft-triggered strikes accounting for up to 90 % of incidents. Traditional models fail to predict lightning attachment zones, because they neglect the bipolar leader. This study develops a bipolar leader propagation model that incorporates potential bias effects for aircraft. Results demonstrate that the development of positive leader deposits negative charges on the aircraft surface, thereby impeding further leader development. Furthermore, the initiation sites of lightning leaders dynamically migrate along the aircraft surface in response to ambient electric field direction changes. This research provides a physics-based framework for enhanced lightning zoning methodologies.
{"title":"Bipolar leader theory-based simulation analysis of aircraft lightning strike attachment zones","authors":"Zhiwei Chen , Xinjie Zhao , Nianwen Xiang , Shengxin Huang , Lijian Ding , Shenjian He , Shulai Wang , Chaoqun Wang , Zengwei Lyu","doi":"10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104199","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104199","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lightning poses a significant threat to aviation safety, with aircraft-triggered strikes accounting for up to 90 % of incidents. Traditional models fail to predict lightning attachment zones, because they neglect the bipolar leader. This study develops a bipolar leader propagation model that incorporates potential bias effects for aircraft. Results demonstrate that the development of positive leader deposits negative charges on the aircraft surface, thereby impeding further leader development. Furthermore, the initiation sites of lightning leaders dynamically migrate along the aircraft surface in response to ambient electric field direction changes. This research provides a physics-based framework for enhanced lightning zoning methodologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrostatics","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 104199"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145424619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-27DOI: 10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104193
Leonardo Michele Carluccio, Andrea Gritti
Electrostatic hazards present a significant safety concern in the polymer industry due to the wide variety of operations capable of generating substantial static charges, such as sieving, pneumatic conveying, and fluid bed drying. The handling of non-conductive powders, which are especially prone to charge accumulation through friction, separation, and contact with processing equipment. The evaluation, conducted within a semi-quantitative Dust Hazard Analysis (DHA) framework where a risk matrix is employed to systematically assess the explosion potential, provides a detailed examination of the electrostatic charge accumulation levels compared to the Minimum Ignition Energy (MIE) of various polymer powders. Special attention is given to the effectiveness of different static discharge types, including brush discharges, propagating brush discharges, and spark discharges (including those generated by personnel). Mitigation strategies are explored, with a primary focus on grounding and bonding systems. Beyond these foundational measures, the study highlights additional critical strategies for managing electrostatic risks in polymer processing. These include the use of additives to enhance the conductivity of non-conductive powders, thereby reducing their tendency to accumulate charge, and the optimization of charge relaxation times to facilitate the safe dissipation of electrostatic charges and prevent hazardous discharges. The analysis also emphasizes the critical role of selecting and properly using the appropriate type of Flexible Intermediate Bulk Containers (FIBCs), widely employed for powder collection, dust discharge, and sampling purposes. Specifically, Type C and Type D FIBCs, designed to mitigate electrostatic risks. Ultimately, the findings underscore the importance of tailoring risk mitigation measures to the specific electrostatic behaviours of each process, contributing to more effective safety frameworks and a safer working environment in the polymer processing industry.
{"title":"Electrostatic Risk Assessment in Semi-quantitative Dust Hazard Analysis applied to polymer industries","authors":"Leonardo Michele Carluccio, Andrea Gritti","doi":"10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104193","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104193","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrostatic hazards present a significant safety concern in the polymer industry due to the wide variety of operations capable of generating substantial static charges, such as sieving, pneumatic conveying, and fluid bed drying. The handling of non-conductive powders, which are especially prone to charge accumulation through friction, separation, and contact with processing equipment. The evaluation, conducted within a semi-quantitative Dust Hazard Analysis (DHA) framework where a risk matrix is employed to systematically assess the explosion potential, provides a detailed examination of the electrostatic charge accumulation levels compared to the Minimum Ignition Energy (MIE) of various polymer powders. Special attention is given to the effectiveness of different static discharge types, including brush discharges, propagating brush discharges, and spark discharges (including those generated by personnel). Mitigation strategies are explored, with a primary focus on grounding and bonding systems. Beyond these foundational measures, the study highlights additional critical strategies for managing electrostatic risks in polymer processing. These include the use of additives to enhance the conductivity of non-conductive powders, thereby reducing their tendency to accumulate charge, and the optimization of charge relaxation times to facilitate the safe dissipation of electrostatic charges and prevent hazardous discharges. The analysis also emphasizes the critical role of selecting and properly using the appropriate type of Flexible Intermediate Bulk Containers (FIBCs), widely employed for powder collection, dust discharge, and sampling purposes. Specifically, Type C and Type D FIBCs, designed to mitigate electrostatic risks. Ultimately, the findings underscore the importance of tailoring risk mitigation measures to the specific electrostatic behaviours of each process, contributing to more effective safety frameworks and a safer working environment in the polymer processing industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrostatics","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 104193"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145424622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-26DOI: 10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104200
Aws Al-Taie, Suhaib Al-Karawi
The accumulation of ice on power grid insulators in cold climate areas, as in the north of Iraq, is a serious problem. The ice bridges the sheds and adversely affects the insulator performance mechanically and electrically. In this work, Finite Element Method (FEM) based analysis of 33 kV specific alternating inclined sheds polymeric insulator is used. The ice pollution, with different thicknesses of 0.5/0.75/1 cm, is simulated using COMSOL Multiphysics® software. The electrostatic interface has been utilized to simulate the models since it is considered to study the behavior of insulating materials under AC fields with frequencies over than 1 Hz. A Silicon Carbide (SiC) Cone-Shaped layer with non-linear conductivity is proposed as a field grading material (FGM). Accordingly, the SiC effect on relaxing the distribution of electrostatic field and lessening maximum field value for the ice polluted insulators is investigated. The results demonstrate an increase in the electrostatic field efficiency factor due to SiC layer usage by 21.9 %–30 %. In addition, maximum tangential electrostatic field, maximum surface and volume power dissipation are reduced by 9.5 %–12.5 %, and by 18.1 %–23.4 %, respectively. Thus, using the SiC layer, as an FGM with field-dependent conductivity, positively contributes in enhancing the electrostatic field distribution uniformity for the specific inclined alternating polymeric insulator design. This might enhance flashover voltage levels and positively upgrade the insulator performance in icy weather conditions.
{"title":"Mitigating ice adverse effect on distorting the electric field of polymeric insulators using cone-shaped SiC layer","authors":"Aws Al-Taie, Suhaib Al-Karawi","doi":"10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104200","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104200","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The accumulation of ice on power grid insulators in cold climate areas, as in the north of Iraq, is a serious problem. The ice bridges the sheds and adversely affects the insulator performance mechanically and electrically. In this work, Finite Element Method (FEM) based analysis of 33 kV specific alternating inclined sheds polymeric insulator is used. The ice pollution, with different thicknesses of 0.5/0.75/1 cm, is simulated using COMSOL Multiphysics® software. The electrostatic interface has been utilized to simulate the models since it is considered to study the behavior of insulating materials under AC fields with frequencies over than 1 Hz. A Silicon Carbide (SiC) Cone-Shaped layer with non-linear conductivity is proposed as a field grading material (FGM). Accordingly, the SiC effect on relaxing the distribution of electrostatic field and lessening maximum field value for the ice polluted insulators is investigated. The results demonstrate an increase in the electrostatic field efficiency factor due to SiC layer usage by 21.9 %–30 %. In addition, maximum tangential electrostatic field, maximum surface and volume power dissipation are reduced by 9.5 %–12.5 %, and by 18.1 %–23.4 %, respectively. Thus, using the SiC layer, as an FGM with field-dependent conductivity, positively contributes in enhancing the electrostatic field distribution uniformity for the specific inclined alternating polymeric insulator design. This might enhance flashover voltage levels and positively upgrade the insulator performance in icy weather conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrostatics","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 104200"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145424620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-23DOI: 10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104198
J. Ricardo de Sousa , Marcio Gomes , Orion Ciftja
We present a detailed analysis of the electrostatic self-energy of a charged circular disk with axisymmetric surface charge distribution of the form , where is a constant, is a dimensionless radial coordinate, is the disk radius while and are adjustable parameters. We use a closed-form integral expression for the electrostatic potential previously derived for this class of surface charge distributions to calculate the self-energy. The resulting expression for the electrostatic self-energy is presented in two mathematically equivalent formulations. One involving Bessel functions of the first kind and the other one involving complete elliptic integrals. We explore in detail two physically significant limits, the case of a uniformly charged disk and the one where the charged disk behaves as a conducting equipotential. Each of such cases corresponds to specific values of the parameters, and . In both cases, we recover known exact results, providing a good consistency check of the general formalism that we employed. The approach considered also allows a deeper understanding of how the surface charge density profile influences the total electrostatic self-energy of the disk. This means that the procedure offers a flexible framework that can be extended to other surface charge density configurations with radial symmetry.
{"title":"Electrostatic self-energy of a disk with arbitrary axisymmetric surface charge distribution","authors":"J. Ricardo de Sousa , Marcio Gomes , Orion Ciftja","doi":"10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104198","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104198","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present a detailed analysis of the electrostatic self-energy of a charged circular disk with axisymmetric surface charge distribution of the form <span><math><mrow><mi>σ</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>u</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>=</mo><msub><mrow><mi>σ</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub><msup><mrow><mfenced><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>−</mo><msup><mrow><mi>u</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></mfenced></mrow><mrow><mi>ν</mi></mrow></msup><msup><mrow><mi>u</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>p</mi></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>, where <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>σ</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> is a constant, <span><math><mrow><mi>u</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>ρ</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>a</mi></mrow></math></span> is a dimensionless radial coordinate, <span><math><mi>a</mi></math></span> is the disk radius while <span><math><mi>ν</mi></math></span> and <span><math><mi>p</mi></math></span> are adjustable parameters. We use a closed-form integral expression for the electrostatic potential previously derived for this class of surface charge distributions to calculate the self-energy. The resulting expression for the electrostatic self-energy is presented in two mathematically equivalent formulations. One involving Bessel functions of the first kind and the other one involving complete elliptic integrals. We explore in detail two physically significant limits, the case of a uniformly charged disk and the one where the charged disk behaves as a conducting equipotential. Each of such cases corresponds to specific values of the parameters, <span><math><mi>ν</mi></math></span> and <span><math><mi>p</mi></math></span>. In both cases, we recover known exact results, providing a good consistency check of the general formalism that we employed. The approach considered also allows a deeper understanding of how the surface charge density profile influences the total electrostatic self-energy of the disk. This means that the procedure offers a flexible framework that can be extended to other surface charge density configurations with radial symmetry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrostatics","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 104198"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145361726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Measurement of the electrostatic potential in humans when walking is a useful tool for characterizing floors and antistatic measures in industrial facilities. It is an important question from the point of view of ESD or Hazards and Electrostatic Comfort. However, charging of humans when walking is a complex process where many factors are involved: charge generation and separation during the contact of the shoes and the floor, conductivity of the shoes and the floor, ambient conditions, walking style, etc.
To better understand the physical phenomena involved during charging when walking, a finite element model is presented where capacitances and induced voltages can be calculated in different positions and conditions. There are some models in the litterature representing the human body capacitance and interactions, but the walking process has not been yet represented. In our work, we modify the model presented by R. Kacprzyk and A. Pelesz[1] allowing movement of arms and legs. The presented model is electrostatic since time constants are very short compared to the speed of walking. Electrostatic discharges are not represented, but the conditions before an electrostatic discharge happens can be simulated. Conductivity of materials can be added to the model to simulate the self discharge process.
{"title":"Modelling the electrostatic potential and capacitances of a human walking","authors":"Pedro Llovera-Segovia , César Cañas-Peñuelas , Vicente Fuster-Roig , Alfredo Quijano-López","doi":"10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104195","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104195","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Measurement of the electrostatic potential in humans when walking is a useful tool for characterizing floors and antistatic measures in industrial facilities. It is an important question from the point of view of ESD or Hazards and Electrostatic Comfort. However, charging of humans when walking is a complex process where many factors are involved: charge generation and separation during the contact of the shoes and the floor, conductivity of the shoes and the floor, ambient conditions, walking style, etc.</div><div>To better understand the physical phenomena involved during charging when walking, a finite element model is presented where capacitances and induced voltages can be calculated in different positions and conditions. There are some models in the litterature representing the human body capacitance and interactions, but the walking process has not been yet represented. In our work, we modify the model presented by R. Kacprzyk and A. Pelesz[1] allowing movement of arms and legs. The presented model is electrostatic since time constants are very short compared to the speed of walking. Electrostatic discharges are not represented, but the conditions before an electrostatic discharge happens can be simulated. Conductivity of materials can be added to the model to simulate the self discharge process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrostatics","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 104195"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145361727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-15DOI: 10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104197
Khursheed Ahmad Sheikh, Mohammad Mohsin Khan
The study investigates the design, fabrication, and performance optimization of water-solid triboelectric nanogenerators for sustainable energy harvesting. Utilizing mechanical energy from falling water droplets, the research explores how droplet height, surface angle between the water droplets and the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) strip, and triboelectric material pairing influence electrical output. Four TENG configurations were tested using aluminum or copper as electron donors and fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) or Kapton tape as electron acceptors. The experimental results revealed that the Aluminum–FEP combination yielded the highest voltage (591 mV) at a droplet height of 300 mm and 75° angle. A Random Forest (RF) regression model was developed to predict voltage output based on experimental parameters, achieving a high R2 value of 0.88. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) was employed alongside RF to determine the optimal configuration for maximum voltage generation. The PSO optimization revealed that the highest voltage output of 587.18 mV was obtained at a 68° inclination angle and a droplet height of 277 mm, with aluminium as the donor and FEP as the acceptor material. These findings suggest that water-solid triboelectric nanogenerators hold substantial promise for powering low-energy devices and supporting decentralized energy systems.
{"title":"Experimental analysis and voltage optimization of water-solid triboelectric nanogenerators for sustainable energy harvesting using a hybrid PSO–random forest model","authors":"Khursheed Ahmad Sheikh, Mohammad Mohsin Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104197","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104197","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study investigates the design, fabrication, and performance optimization of water-solid triboelectric nanogenerators for sustainable energy harvesting. Utilizing mechanical energy from falling water droplets, the research explores how droplet height, surface angle between the water droplets and the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) strip, and triboelectric material pairing influence electrical output. Four TENG configurations were tested using aluminum or copper as electron donors and fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) or Kapton tape as electron acceptors. The experimental results revealed that the Aluminum–FEP combination yielded the highest voltage (591 mV) at a droplet height of 300 mm and 75° angle. A Random Forest (RF) regression model was developed to predict voltage output based on experimental parameters, achieving a high R<sup>2</sup> value of 0.88. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) was employed alongside RF to determine the optimal configuration for maximum voltage generation. The PSO optimization revealed that the highest voltage output of 587.18 mV was obtained at a 68° inclination angle and a droplet height of 277 mm, with aluminium as the donor and FEP as the acceptor material. These findings suggest that water-solid triboelectric nanogenerators hold substantial promise for powering low-energy devices and supporting decentralized energy systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrostatics","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 104197"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145332380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-13DOI: 10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104196
Marco Barozzi , Davide Ballinari , Martina Silvia Scotton , Sabrina Copelli
Dust explosions pose a significant concern in the process industry, particularly in the context of risk assessment. Such explosions can be initiated by various ignition sources, including electrical (e.g., static discharges, arcs, equipment-generated sparks) and thermal (e.g., hot surfaces, flame pockets) triggers. Assessing the likelihood and severity of dust explosions is inherently complex. However, the experimental determination of key dust parameters can greatly support the risk evaluation process. Among these parameters, electrical resistivity and Minimum Ignition Energy (MIE) are crucial. Unfortunately, a regular MIE testing demands up to 1 kg of powder, and no existing standard outlines how to reduce the number of required tests. However, EN ISO/IEC 80079-20-2 does not require to carry out a full screening on every possible combination of parameters, but to identify non-combustion and combustion regions. In this framework, theoretical models may offer preliminary MIE estimates, optimizing the experimental procedure. This study proposes a screening flow chart that integrates MIE and electrical resistivity values along with process-specific information (e.g., quantity of dust handled, presence of ignition sources). The aim is to prioritize potentially hazardous substances in the plant for detailed safety evaluation. The advantages and limitations of the proposed flow chart are also discussed.
{"title":"Connecting standards and theoretical models for minimum ignition energy Estimation: a procedure to optimize the number of experimental tests","authors":"Marco Barozzi , Davide Ballinari , Martina Silvia Scotton , Sabrina Copelli","doi":"10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104196","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104196","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dust explosions pose a significant concern in the process industry, particularly in the context of risk assessment. Such explosions can be initiated by various ignition sources, including electrical (e.g., static discharges, arcs, equipment-generated sparks) and thermal (e.g., hot surfaces, flame pockets) triggers. Assessing the likelihood and severity of dust explosions is inherently complex. However, the experimental determination of key dust parameters can greatly support the risk evaluation process. Among these parameters, electrical resistivity and Minimum Ignition Energy (MIE) are crucial. Unfortunately, a regular MIE testing demands up to 1 kg of powder, and no existing standard outlines how to reduce the number of required tests. However, EN ISO/IEC 80079-20-2 does not require to carry out a full screening on every possible combination of parameters, but to identify non-combustion and combustion regions. In this framework, theoretical models may offer preliminary MIE estimates, optimizing the experimental procedure. This study proposes a screening flow chart that integrates MIE and electrical resistivity values along with process-specific information (e.g., quantity of dust handled, presence of ignition sources). The aim is to prioritize potentially hazardous substances in the plant for detailed safety evaluation. The advantages and limitations of the proposed flow chart are also discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrostatics","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 104196"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145332379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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