Mariusz Konieczny, Paweł Pakosz, Przemysław Domaszewski, Elżbieta Skorupska
BACKGROUND: In short track speed skating, there is asymmetric fatigue of the gluteus maximus (GM) muscle resulting from the technique of skating. Scientific reports confirm the relationship between muscle fatigue and its change in the slope frequency of bioelectrical activity. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether athletic experience in elite short track speed skating can distinguish the asymmetry change in slope frequency of the raw electromyographic signal (EMG) of the GM muscle, influenced by the disparity in experience between junior and senior athletes. METHODS: In the research, an elite group of short track speed skating national team athletes Junior and Senior, participated. Isometric tension GM muscle was tested using the Biering-Sorensen test. RESULTS: The study confirmed differences in the asymmetry of slope frequences EMG signal in GM muscle between juniors and seniors in short track speed skating (p⩽ 0.001). Senior athletes showed greater slope frequences in the right GM muscle (p⩽ 0.002), while juniors showed greater in the left GM muscle (p⩽ 0.008). Intergroup analysis revealed significantly meaningful differences (p⩽ 0.001) in the level of slope frequences of the right GM muscle (juniors vs. seniors), highlighting the asymmetry resulting from experience. CONCLUSIONS: Statistically significant differences in the level of slope frequences of the right gluteus maximus muscle juniors vs. seniors were demonstrated, suggesting asymmetry due to experience and skating technique.
{"title":"The relationship between asymmetry changes in the slope frequency of bioelectrical activity of the gluteus maximus muscles and experience in short track speed skating athletics","authors":"Mariusz Konieczny, Paweł Pakosz, Przemysław Domaszewski, Elżbieta Skorupska","doi":"10.3233/ies-240004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ies-240004","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: In short track speed skating, there is asymmetric fatigue of the gluteus maximus (GM) muscle resulting from the technique of skating. Scientific reports confirm the relationship between muscle fatigue and its change in the slope frequency of bioelectrical activity. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether athletic experience in elite short track speed skating can distinguish the asymmetry change in slope frequency of the raw electromyographic signal (EMG) of the GM muscle, influenced by the disparity in experience between junior and senior athletes. METHODS: In the research, an elite group of short track speed skating national team athletes Junior and Senior, participated. Isometric tension GM muscle was tested using the Biering-Sorensen test. RESULTS: The study confirmed differences in the asymmetry of slope frequences EMG signal in GM muscle between juniors and seniors in short track speed skating (p⩽ 0.001). Senior athletes showed greater slope frequences in the right GM muscle (p⩽ 0.002), while juniors showed greater in the left GM muscle (p⩽ 0.008). Intergroup analysis revealed significantly meaningful differences (p⩽ 0.001) in the level of slope frequences of the right GM muscle (juniors vs. seniors), highlighting the asymmetry resulting from experience. CONCLUSIONS: Statistically significant differences in the level of slope frequences of the right gluteus maximus muscle juniors vs. seniors were demonstrated, suggesting asymmetry due to experience and skating technique.","PeriodicalId":54915,"journal":{"name":"Isokinetics and Exercise Science","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142226413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND: Low muscle quantity commonly seen in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) is the key contributor of declined physical performance and increases the risk of morbidity and mortality. However, how to normalize muscle mass for operational criteria in this population remains unknown. OBJECTIVE: To identify the clinically useful whole body lean tissue mass (LTM) and appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) indices pertinent to physical performance in patients undertaking HD. METHODS: Whole body LTM in 38 and ASM in 22 patients undergoing HD were measured by body composition monitor (BCM) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), respectively. Physical performance was assessed by handgrip strength, the incremental shuttle walk test, sit-to-stand tests, gait speed, Short Physical Performance Battery and Duke Activity Status Index. Besides crude LTM and ASM, the other muscle indices were utilized normalizing for height, height squared, weight, body mass index (BMI), fat mass and body fat%. RESULTS: Regardless of BCM or DXA being used, the relationships between different muscle mass indices and physical function were not consistent. While the most useful LTM index which was strongly associated with physical function involved adjustment for height, the strongest (and most useful) ASM index was normalization for BMI. CONCLUSION: The superiority of adjustment for BMI or height (height2) recommended by international sarcopenia consensus is also suitable for patients undergoing HD. Patients’ BMI or fat mass should be considered in estimating prevalence of sarcopenia and evaluating relationship between muscle mass and physical performance.
背景：血液透析（HD）患者中常见的低肌肉量是导致体能下降的主要原因，并增加了发病和死亡的风险。然而，如何使这一人群的肌肉质量符合操作标准仍是未知数。目的：确定与血液透析患者体能表现相关的、对临床有用的全身瘦肉组织质量（LTM）和附属骨骼肌质量（ASM）指数。方法：通过身体成分监测仪（BCM）和双能 X 射线吸收测量仪（DXA）分别测量了 38 名接受血液透析患者的全身瘦肉组织质量（LTM）和 22 名接受血液透析患者的骨骼肌质量（ASM）。体能通过手握强度、增量穿梭步行测试、坐立测试、步速、短期体能测试和杜克活动状态指数进行评估。除了粗LTM和ASM外，其他肌肉指数也根据身高、身高平方、体重、体重指数（BMI）、脂肪量和体脂率进行了归一化处理。结果：无论使用 BCM 还是 DXA，不同肌肉质量指数与身体功能之间的关系并不一致。与身体功能密切相关的最有用的 LTM 指数涉及身高调整，而最强（也是最有用）的 ASM 指数是体重指数正常化。结论：国际肌肉疏松症共识推荐的调整体重指数或身高（身高2）的优越性也适用于接受 HD 治疗的患者。在估计肌肉疏松症的患病率及评估肌肉质量与体能表现之间的关系时，应考虑患者的体重指数或脂肪量。
{"title":"The useful lean tissue and appendicular skeletal muscle mass indices related to physical performance in patients undergoing hemodialysis","authors":"Yan Song, Xuanrui Zhang, Jianxia Lu","doi":"10.3233/ies-230142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ies-230142","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Low muscle quantity commonly seen in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) is the key contributor of declined physical performance and increases the risk of morbidity and mortality. However, how to normalize muscle mass for operational criteria in this population remains unknown. OBJECTIVE: To identify the clinically useful whole body lean tissue mass (LTM) and appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) indices pertinent to physical performance in patients undertaking HD. METHODS: Whole body LTM in 38 and ASM in 22 patients undergoing HD were measured by body composition monitor (BCM) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), respectively. Physical performance was assessed by handgrip strength, the incremental shuttle walk test, sit-to-stand tests, gait speed, Short Physical Performance Battery and Duke Activity Status Index. Besides crude LTM and ASM, the other muscle indices were utilized normalizing for height, height squared, weight, body mass index (BMI), fat mass and body fat%. RESULTS: Regardless of BCM or DXA being used, the relationships between different muscle mass indices and physical function were not consistent. While the most useful LTM index which was strongly associated with physical function involved adjustment for height, the strongest (and most useful) ASM index was normalization for BMI. CONCLUSION: The superiority of adjustment for BMI or height (height2) recommended by international sarcopenia consensus is also suitable for patients undergoing HD. Patients’ BMI or fat mass should be considered in estimating prevalence of sarcopenia and evaluating relationship between muscle mass and physical performance.","PeriodicalId":54915,"journal":{"name":"Isokinetics and Exercise Science","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141548525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andreas Stotz, Steven Richter, Joel Mason, Astrid Zech
BACKGROUND: It has been demonstrated that maximum isometric muscle moment can surpass maximum eccentric muscle moment at individually adjusted joint angles in men. However, no information about these muscle mechanics is available for women. OBJECTIVE: To examine the maximum muscle moment hierarchywith equal conditions in women. METHODS: Maximum voluntary concentric, eccentric, and isometric muscle moments of ankle, knee, and hip flexors and extensors as well as hip adductors and abductors were tested in eighteen young women. The sequence of muscle group testing was the same for all subjects, and the sequence of contraction types was randomized. All dynamic contractions were performed at 60∘/s. Peak moment angle of concentric contractions was applied for isometric moment testing. A repeated measures ANOVA with posthoc Bonferroni correction was used to compare means between contraction types. RESULTS: Differences in maximum moment mean values between the three contraction types were apparent for all muscle groups (p< 0.001). Concentric muscle moment was significantly the weakest contraction type. Eccentric contractions generated significantly higher moments than isometric contractions in dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, knee flexion, and hip adduction. CONCLUSION: Significant differences in maximum lower body muscle moments exist between concentric, eccentric, and isometric contractions in women. Compared to previous research for men there appears to be a sex-specific contraction type hierarchy with women exhibiting superior ability to generate higher eccentric muscle moment relative to other contraction types. These results should be considered when designing contractiontype specific intervention programs.
{"title":"Peak moments of lower extremity muscles in women: A comparative study of concentric, eccentric and isometric contractions","authors":"Andreas Stotz, Steven Richter, Joel Mason, Astrid Zech","doi":"10.3233/ies-240031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ies-240031","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: It has been demonstrated that maximum isometric muscle moment can surpass maximum eccentric muscle moment at individually adjusted joint angles in men. However, no information about these muscle mechanics is available for women. OBJECTIVE: To examine the maximum muscle moment hierarchywith equal conditions in women. METHODS: Maximum voluntary concentric, eccentric, and isometric muscle moments of ankle, knee, and hip flexors and extensors as well as hip adductors and abductors were tested in eighteen young women. The sequence of muscle group testing was the same for all subjects, and the sequence of contraction types was randomized. All dynamic contractions were performed at 60∘/s. Peak moment angle of concentric contractions was applied for isometric moment testing. A repeated measures ANOVA with posthoc Bonferroni correction was used to compare means between contraction types. RESULTS: Differences in maximum moment mean values between the three contraction types were apparent for all muscle groups (p< 0.001). Concentric muscle moment was significantly the weakest contraction type. Eccentric contractions generated significantly higher moments than isometric contractions in dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, knee flexion, and hip adduction. CONCLUSION: Significant differences in maximum lower body muscle moments exist between concentric, eccentric, and isometric contractions in women. Compared to previous research for men there appears to be a sex-specific contraction type hierarchy with women exhibiting superior ability to generate higher eccentric muscle moment relative to other contraction types. These results should be considered when designing contractiontype specific intervention programs.","PeriodicalId":54915,"journal":{"name":"Isokinetics and Exercise Science","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141573472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND: Patellar tendinopathy (PT) is a common injury involving inadequate eccentric (ECC) knee extensor contractions during dynamic sports activities. However, any discrepancies in ECC power output between Olympic athletes with and without PT utilizing a flywheel ergometer squat remain to be determined. OBJECTIVE: To compare peak ECC power, concentric (CON) power, the ECC/CON power ratio, and performance speed in female and male athletes with and without PT, respectively. METHODS: Forty Olympic athletes with and without PT were included and analyzed for ECC power, CON power, ECC/CON power ratio, and performance speed (m/s) under varying load conditions, with analyses separated by gender. RESULTS: The ECC power, ECC/CON power ratio, and performance speed of the PT group were significantly lower than those of the non-PT (NPT) group in both genders. ECC and CON power significantly increased with higher inertial loads in the NPT groups, whereas the speed significantly decreased as the inertial load increased in both PT and NPT groups. CONCLUSIONS: Dynamic flywheel ergometer assessments may help in the quantitative diagnosis of athletes with PT under differing dynamic squat conditions. This assessment may be used to create standardized guidelines for squat performance testing, strengthening, conditioning, and rehabilitation.
{"title":"Ecologically dynamic flywheel ergometer squat performance characteristics between national Olympic athletes with and without patellar tendinopathy","authors":"Hyoungjoo Choi, Joshua (Sung) H. You","doi":"10.3233/ies-230176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ies-230176","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Patellar tendinopathy (PT) is a common injury involving inadequate eccentric (ECC) knee extensor contractions during dynamic sports activities. However, any discrepancies in ECC power output between Olympic athletes with and without PT utilizing a flywheel ergometer squat remain to be determined. OBJECTIVE: To compare peak ECC power, concentric (CON) power, the ECC/CON power ratio, and performance speed in female and male athletes with and without PT, respectively. METHODS: Forty Olympic athletes with and without PT were included and analyzed for ECC power, CON power, ECC/CON power ratio, and performance speed (m/s) under varying load conditions, with analyses separated by gender. RESULTS: The ECC power, ECC/CON power ratio, and performance speed of the PT group were significantly lower than those of the non-PT (NPT) group in both genders. ECC and CON power significantly increased with higher inertial loads in the NPT groups, whereas the speed significantly decreased as the inertial load increased in both PT and NPT groups. CONCLUSIONS: Dynamic flywheel ergometer assessments may help in the quantitative diagnosis of athletes with PT under differing dynamic squat conditions. This assessment may be used to create standardized guidelines for squat performance testing, strengthening, conditioning, and rehabilitation.","PeriodicalId":54915,"journal":{"name":"Isokinetics and Exercise Science","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141548526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND: Maca extract may regulate oxidative stress and muscle damage after exhaustive endurance exercise (EEE); however, its impact on these physiological activities remains obscure. OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of Maca extract supplementation on oxidative stress, muscle damage and aerobiccapacity after EEE. METHODS: Twenty healthy men were assigned to Maca or placebo groups and received two doses per day for 12 weeks. Pre- and post-EEE tests assessed levels of oxidative stress and muscle damage. The EEE test also recorded metrics such as time to exhaustion, peak oxygen consumption, and maximal and average heart rates. RESULTS: Post-exercise, there was no significant difference in oxidative stress markers between the Maca and placebo groups. However, the Maca group exhibited lower stress levels at both Post-4 and Post-24 in comparison to Post-0, while the placebo group only displayed a decrease at Post-4. Notably, Maca extract supplementation immediately increased catalase activity at Post-0. Though muscle damage markers did not significantly differ, the slope of CK elevation in the Maca group appeared lower than the Placebo group, suggesting Maca’s potential in preventing muscle damage. However, no differences were noted on aerobic capacity markers. CONCLUSIONS: Maca extract may have some beneficial effects on reducing oxidative stress and possibly muscle damage after EEE.
{"title":"Effects of lepidium meyenii (Maca) extract supplementation on oxidative stress, muscle damage, and aerobic capacity after exhaustive endurance exercise","authors":"Ming-Che Liu, Pei-Wei Weng, Yu-Hsiu Chien, Meng-Huang Wu, Wei-Bin Hsu, Sheng-Wei Chen, Ming-Ta Yang","doi":"10.3233/ies-240006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ies-240006","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Maca extract may regulate oxidative stress and muscle damage after exhaustive endurance exercise (EEE); however, its impact on these physiological activities remains obscure. OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of Maca extract supplementation on oxidative stress, muscle damage and aerobiccapacity after EEE. METHODS: Twenty healthy men were assigned to Maca or placebo groups and received two doses per day for 12 weeks. Pre- and post-EEE tests assessed levels of oxidative stress and muscle damage. The EEE test also recorded metrics such as time to exhaustion, peak oxygen consumption, and maximal and average heart rates. RESULTS: Post-exercise, there was no significant difference in oxidative stress markers between the Maca and placebo groups. However, the Maca group exhibited lower stress levels at both Post-4 and Post-24 in comparison to Post-0, while the placebo group only displayed a decrease at Post-4. Notably, Maca extract supplementation immediately increased catalase activity at Post-0. Though muscle damage markers did not significantly differ, the slope of CK elevation in the Maca group appeared lower than the Placebo group, suggesting Maca’s potential in preventing muscle damage. However, no differences were noted on aerobic capacity markers. CONCLUSIONS: Maca extract may have some beneficial effects on reducing oxidative stress and possibly muscle damage after EEE.","PeriodicalId":54915,"journal":{"name":"Isokinetics and Exercise Science","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141172119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Álvaro Huerta Ojeda, Rodrigo Beltrán-Inostroza, María-Mercedes Yeomans-Cabrera, Maximiliano Torres-Banduc
BACKGROUND: Isometric maximal voluntary force (IMVF) is essential for individuals’ health and physical performance. Therefore, there is a need for valid and reliable devices to assess IMVF. OBJECTIVE: To determine the validity and reliability of the Valkyria Trainer Balance® portable force platformin its isometric mode. METHODS: Fifty-eight physically healthy individuals (30 men and 28 women) participated in the study. A repeated measures design was used to compare the inter-day test-retest reliability of peak force. The validity of the Valkyria Trainer Balance® force platform was determined by comparing the peak force with the ArtOficio® force platform. The analysis consisted of the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM), and coefficient of variation (CV). A CV ⩽ 10% and ICC ⩾ 0.80 were considered acceptable reliability, while a ⩽ 5% and ICC ⩾ 0.90 were regarded as high reliability. RESULTS: CV the peak force showed high test-retest inter-day reliability (CV = 4.3% and ICC = 0.99). When comparing both force platforms, there was a 1.1% difference between the two devices. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study demonstrate that the Valkyria Trainer Balance® force platform is valid and reliable for assessing IMVF in physically healthy individuals.
{"title":"Validity and reliability of the Valkyria Trainer Balance ® portable force platform in its isometric mode","authors":"Álvaro Huerta Ojeda, Rodrigo Beltrán-Inostroza, María-Mercedes Yeomans-Cabrera, Maximiliano Torres-Banduc","doi":"10.3233/ies-240022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ies-240022","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Isometric maximal voluntary force (IMVF) is essential for individuals’ health and physical performance. Therefore, there is a need for valid and reliable devices to assess IMVF. OBJECTIVE: To determine the validity and reliability of the Valkyria Trainer Balance® portable force platformin its isometric mode. METHODS: Fifty-eight physically healthy individuals (30 men and 28 women) participated in the study. A repeated measures design was used to compare the inter-day test-retest reliability of peak force. The validity of the Valkyria Trainer Balance® force platform was determined by comparing the peak force with the ArtOficio® force platform. The analysis consisted of the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM), and coefficient of variation (CV). A CV ⩽ 10% and ICC ⩾ 0.80 were considered acceptable reliability, while a ⩽ 5% and ICC ⩾ 0.90 were regarded as high reliability. RESULTS: CV the peak force showed high test-retest inter-day reliability (CV = 4.3% and ICC = 0.99). When comparing both force platforms, there was a 1.1% difference between the two devices. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study demonstrate that the Valkyria Trainer Balance® force platform is valid and reliable for assessing IMVF in physically healthy individuals.","PeriodicalId":54915,"journal":{"name":"Isokinetics and Exercise Science","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141172123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eduardo Salazar-Martínez, José Naranjo Orellana, Elena Sarabia-Cachadiña
BACKGROUND: Heart Rate Variability (HRV) is a non-invasive method of assessing the autonomic nervous system response during exercise and fatigue. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to analyze the validity and feasibility of the stress score index (SS) calculated from SDNN values during exercise. METHODS: 18 Men performed 2 running tests: 1) incremental exercise test; 2) 10-minute constant load test. Subjects underwent HRV analysis during the constant load test, before both tests, and afterward in a seated position at 3 intervals (0’–5’, 5’–10’, 10’–15’). The relationship between SDNN and SD2 was analyzed before, during, and after the test. SS was calculated as 1/SD2*1000. The Bland-Altman test analyzed the reliability of ESS. The bias, limits of agreement (LoA), standard deviation of difference, intraclass correlation (ICC), and person coefficient were calculated. RESULTS: The bias was 0.15 ± 2.54 (UperLOA: 2.54; LowerLOA: -2.23). In all conditions, SD2 and SDNN showed a positive linear relationship (r2 = 0.986); SS and ESS were correlated; and SS and ESS described a positive linear relationship (r2 = 0.993). CONCLUSIONS: The SS index calculation from SDNN is a reliable alternative during exercise.
{"title":"Heart rate variability: Obtaining the stress score from SDNN values","authors":"Eduardo Salazar-Martínez, José Naranjo Orellana, Elena Sarabia-Cachadiña","doi":"10.3233/ies-230088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ies-230088","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Heart Rate Variability (HRV) is a non-invasive method of assessing the autonomic nervous system response during exercise and fatigue. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to analyze the validity and feasibility of the stress score index (SS) calculated from SDNN values during exercise. METHODS: 18 Men performed 2 running tests: 1) incremental exercise test; 2) 10-minute constant load test. Subjects underwent HRV analysis during the constant load test, before both tests, and afterward in a seated position at 3 intervals (0’–5’, 5’–10’, 10’–15’). The relationship between SDNN and SD2 was analyzed before, during, and after the test. SS was calculated as 1/SD2*1000. The Bland-Altman test analyzed the reliability of ESS. The bias, limits of agreement (LoA), standard deviation of difference, intraclass correlation (ICC), and person coefficient were calculated. RESULTS: The bias was 0.15 ± 2.54 (UperLOA: 2.54; LowerLOA: -2.23). In all conditions, SD2 and SDNN showed a positive linear relationship (r2 = 0.986); SS and ESS were correlated; and SS and ESS described a positive linear relationship (r2 = 0.993). CONCLUSIONS: The SS index calculation from SDNN is a reliable alternative during exercise.","PeriodicalId":54915,"journal":{"name":"Isokinetics and Exercise Science","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140574919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND: Assessing intrinsic foot muscles (IFM) is important for understanding their role in loading movements. Additionally, knowledge of the impact of IFM following toe flexor muscle fatigue may aid the teaching of IFM exercises. OBJECTIVE: To examine the influence of toe flexor muscle fatigueon IFM stiffness using ultrasound shear-wave elastography. METHODS: This study included 19 college students. IFM stiffness at 10%, 50%, and 90% body weight was measured using ultrasound-based shear-wave elastography. IFM including the abductor hallucis (AbH), flexor hallucis brevis (FHB), flexor digitorum brevis (FDB), and quadratus plantae (QP) were assessed. The fatigue induction protocol comprised a series of toe flexions at a controlled pace of 40 beats per minute and an amplitude of 75% of the maximum toe flexor strength for a duration of 5 minutes. RESULTS: Muscle stiffness significantly increased with increasing load. Toe flexor muscle fatigue significantly increased the stiffness of the FDB. CONCLUSIONS: IFM stiffness significantly increased with increasing load, and the stiffness of FDB significantly increased in the toe flexor muscle fatigue condition at DLS and SLS loads. The findings of this study will contribute to the study and clinical setting of IFM exercises.
{"title":"Influence of toe flexor muscle fatigue on stiffness of the intrinsic foot muscles","authors":"Kazushi Yoshida, Mikuto Katsuya, Shogo Takano, Kazuma Hayashi, Taisei Hakozaki, Junji Shinohara","doi":"10.3233/ies-240009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ies-240009","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Assessing intrinsic foot muscles (IFM) is important for understanding their role in loading movements. Additionally, knowledge of the impact of IFM following toe flexor muscle fatigue may aid the teaching of IFM exercises. OBJECTIVE: To examine the influence of toe flexor muscle fatigueon IFM stiffness using ultrasound shear-wave elastography. METHODS: This study included 19 college students. IFM stiffness at 10%, 50%, and 90% body weight was measured using ultrasound-based shear-wave elastography. IFM including the abductor hallucis (AbH), flexor hallucis brevis (FHB), flexor digitorum brevis (FDB), and quadratus plantae (QP) were assessed. The fatigue induction protocol comprised a series of toe flexions at a controlled pace of 40 beats per minute and an amplitude of 75% of the maximum toe flexor strength for a duration of 5 minutes. RESULTS: Muscle stiffness significantly increased with increasing load. Toe flexor muscle fatigue significantly increased the stiffness of the FDB. CONCLUSIONS: IFM stiffness significantly increased with increasing load, and the stiffness of FDB significantly increased in the toe flexor muscle fatigue condition at DLS and SLS loads. The findings of this study will contribute to the study and clinical setting of IFM exercises.","PeriodicalId":54915,"journal":{"name":"Isokinetics and Exercise Science","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140888849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Football players often use quick change of direction, sudden acceleration and explosive movements. This is why chronic ankle instability is one of the most common conditions affecting this athlete population. This study investigates the effects of neuro-vestibular-ocular exercises and myofascial release on proprioception and performance in football players with chronic ankle instability. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This randomized controlled clinical trial included 60 football players aged 18–30. The players were randomly divided into two groups. The first group (NVOEG, n=30) was included in the Neuro-Vestibular-ocular exercise training program, while the myofascial release was applied to the second group (MRHOG, n=30). Both protocols were applied for eight weeks. The participants’ Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT) scores were assessed before and after the intervention. Proprioception was evaluated by using the joint position sense test. Additionally, kick speed (KS), 30-m sprint, zig-zag agility test (ZAT) and Landing error score system (LESS) tests were applied to evaluate their performance. RESULTS: Post-rehabilitation scores showed significant differences in proprioception and performance parameters compared to pre-scores in both groups. (p<0.05). Significant differences were observed between the NVOEG and MRHOG in the post-test scores, including CAIT for unstable and stable ankle, proprioception for unstable ankle, LESS, ZAT with ball performance, and 30-meter sprint test. CONCLUSIONS: The neuro-vulvular-ocular exercise training protocol had superior results in terms of proprioception and performance parameters in chronic ankle instability management for football players.
{"title":"The effects of neuro-vestibular-ocular exercises and myofascial release on proprioception and performance in football players with chronic ankle instability","authors":"Büşra Kocakılıç, Elif Tuğçe Çil","doi":"10.3233/ies-240002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ies-240002","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Football players often use quick change of direction, sudden acceleration and explosive movements. This is why chronic ankle instability is one of the most common conditions affecting this athlete population. This study investigates the effects of neuro-vestibular-ocular exercises and myofascial release on proprioception and performance in football players with chronic ankle instability. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This randomized controlled clinical trial included 60 football players aged 18–30. The players were randomly divided into two groups. The first group (NVOEG, n=30) was included in the Neuro-Vestibular-ocular exercise training program, while the myofascial release was applied to the second group (MRHOG, n=30). Both protocols were applied for eight weeks. The participants’ Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT) scores were assessed before and after the intervention. Proprioception was evaluated by using the joint position sense test. Additionally, kick speed (KS), 30-m sprint, zig-zag agility test (ZAT) and Landing error score system (LESS) tests were applied to evaluate their performance. RESULTS: Post-rehabilitation scores showed significant differences in proprioception and performance parameters compared to pre-scores in both groups. (p<0.05). Significant differences were observed between the NVOEG and MRHOG in the post-test scores, including CAIT for unstable and stable ankle, proprioception for unstable ankle, LESS, ZAT with ball performance, and 30-meter sprint test. CONCLUSIONS: The neuro-vulvular-ocular exercise training protocol had superior results in terms of proprioception and performance parameters in chronic ankle instability management for football players.","PeriodicalId":54915,"journal":{"name":"Isokinetics and Exercise Science","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141516009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND: Lower trapezius (LT) plays an important role in maintaining the stability of the scapula. Sufficient activation of LT can reduce the risk of rotator cuff tear and shoulder impingement syndrome. The Y-raise exercise has been recommended for effective LT activation. However, the upper trapezius (UT) can be co-activated during universal Y-raise exercise. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the activity of the UT, LT, and serratus anterior (SA) during Y-raise exercise with and without isometric adduction (IAD) using Thera-Band. METHODS: 21 healthy males voluntarily participated in the study. The participants were asked to perform Y-raise exercise with and without IAD using Thera-Band. Surface electromyography was used to measure the muscle activity of UT, LT, and SA during Y-raise exercise with and without IAD. Paired t-test was used to analyze the significance of the muscle activity of UT, LT, and SA as well as the activity ratio of LT/UT and LT/SA. The significance level was set at α= 0.05. RESULTS: Compared with Y-raise exercise without IAD, the muscle activity of UT and SA decreased (p= 0.001 and p= 0.003, respectively), whereas that of LT increased (p= 0.038) during Y-raise exercise with IAD. Additionally, the activity ratio of LT/UT and LT/SA was greater during Y-raise exercise with IAD (p= 0.001 and p= 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION: Y-raise exercise with IAD using Thera-Band is recommended as an efficient exercise to selectively activate the LT and increase the activity ratio of LT/UT and LT/SA.
背景：下斜方肌（LT）在保持肩胛骨稳定性方面发挥着重要作用。充分激活肩胛下肌可降低肩袖撕裂和肩撞击综合征的风险。Y 形上举运动被推荐用于有效激活 LT。然而，在普遍的 Y 形上举运动中，斜方肌上部（UT）也会被共同激活。目的：本研究旨在比较在使用 Thera-Band 进行 Y 形上举锻炼和不进行等长内收（IAD）时，UT、LT 和前锯肌（SA）的活动情况。方法：21 名健康男性自愿参与研究。研究人员要求受试者使用 Thera-Band 进行有 IAD 和无 IAD 的 Y 形上举运动。研究人员使用表面肌电图测量了有无 IAD 的 Y 形上举运动中 UT、LT 和 SA 的肌肉活动。采用配对 t 检验分析 UT、LT 和 SA 肌肉活动以及 LT/UT 和 LT/SA 活动比率的显著性。显著性水平设定为α= 0.05。结果：与不含 IAD 的 Y 形抬高运动相比，在含 IAD 的 Y 形抬高运动中，UT 和 SA 的肌肉活动减少（p= 0.001 和 p=0.003），而 LT 的肌肉活动增加（p= 0.038）。此外，在使用 IAD 进行 Y 型抬高运动时，LT/UT 和 LT/SA 的活动比率更大（分别为 p= 0.001 和 p=0.001）。结论：建议使用 Thera-Band 进行带 IAD 的 Y 形抬高运动，这是一种有效的运动，可选择性地激活 LT 并提高 LT/UT 和 LT/SA 的活动比率。
{"title":"Comparison of upper and lower trapezius electromyographic activity during Y-raise exercise with and without isometric adduction in healthy volunteers","authors":"Byeong-Hun Hwang, In-Cheol Jeon","doi":"10.3233/ies-230166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ies-230166","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Lower trapezius (LT) plays an important role in maintaining the stability of the scapula. Sufficient activation of LT can reduce the risk of rotator cuff tear and shoulder impingement syndrome. The Y-raise exercise has been recommended for effective LT activation. However, the upper trapezius (UT) can be co-activated during universal Y-raise exercise. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the activity of the UT, LT, and serratus anterior (SA) during Y-raise exercise with and without isometric adduction (IAD) using Thera-Band. METHODS: 21 healthy males voluntarily participated in the study. The participants were asked to perform Y-raise exercise with and without IAD using Thera-Band. Surface electromyography was used to measure the muscle activity of UT, LT, and SA during Y-raise exercise with and without IAD. Paired t-test was used to analyze the significance of the muscle activity of UT, LT, and SA as well as the activity ratio of LT/UT and LT/SA. The significance level was set at α= 0.05. RESULTS: Compared with Y-raise exercise without IAD, the muscle activity of UT and SA decreased (p= 0.001 and p= 0.003, respectively), whereas that of LT increased (p= 0.038) during Y-raise exercise with IAD. Additionally, the activity ratio of LT/UT and LT/SA was greater during Y-raise exercise with IAD (p= 0.001 and p= 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION: Y-raise exercise with IAD using Thera-Band is recommended as an efficient exercise to selectively activate the LT and increase the activity ratio of LT/UT and LT/SA.","PeriodicalId":54915,"journal":{"name":"Isokinetics and Exercise Science","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140574913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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