BACKGROUND: Core stability has been reported to be important for improving performance in athletes. However, the variety of measures used to assess core stability has made it difficult to compare results across studies. In addition, there is a lack of consensus on precise definitions of core and core stability, which is a barrier to research in this field. OBJECTIVE: The overall purpose of this review was to summarize the definitions of core and core stability and measurements of core stability used in previous studies on athletes. METHODS: We searched four electronic databases (PubMed/Medline, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science and Science Direct) from their inception to October 2023. Studies evaluating core stability in athletes across all sports were included. We excluded case studies and case series, opinion pieces, letters to editors and studies not written in the English language. Two researchers independently assessed articles for inclusion and exclusion criteria and methodological quality. RESULTS: One hundred thirty-four studies were included, of which two were of high quality. The definitions of core and core stability varied widely, and ‘core’ was not defined in 108 studies and ‘core stability’ was not defined in 105 studies. The most used test protocol was the McGill test, which was used in 19 studies. CONCLUSIONS: There are multiple tests to measure core stability, and there is some confusion as to whether the measurement results represent core strength or core endurance. Future research papers should clarify the definitions of core and core stability, and consider core strength and core endurance separately.
{"title":"Evaluation scale and definitions of core and core stability in sports: A systematic review","authors":"Shota Enoki, Taisei Hakozaki, Takuya Shimizu","doi":"10.3233/ies-230177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ies-230177","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Core stability has been reported to be important for improving performance in athletes. However, the variety of measures used to assess core stability has made it difficult to compare results across studies. In addition, there is a lack of consensus on precise definitions of core and core stability, which is a barrier to research in this field. OBJECTIVE: The overall purpose of this review was to summarize the definitions of core and core stability and measurements of core stability used in previous studies on athletes. METHODS: We searched four electronic databases (PubMed/Medline, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science and Science Direct) from their inception to October 2023. Studies evaluating core stability in athletes across all sports were included. We excluded case studies and case series, opinion pieces, letters to editors and studies not written in the English language. Two researchers independently assessed articles for inclusion and exclusion criteria and methodological quality. RESULTS: One hundred thirty-four studies were included, of which two were of high quality. The definitions of core and core stability varied widely, and ‘core’ was not defined in 108 studies and ‘core stability’ was not defined in 105 studies. The most used test protocol was the McGill test, which was used in 19 studies. CONCLUSIONS: There are multiple tests to measure core stability, and there is some confusion as to whether the measurement results represent core strength or core endurance. Future research papers should clarify the definitions of core and core stability, and consider core strength and core endurance separately.","PeriodicalId":54915,"journal":{"name":"Isokinetics and Exercise Science","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140574920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND: A potential relationship may exist between the vastus medialis (VM) and the contractile efficiency of the vastus intermedius (VI) due to their anatomical connection and common innervation by the same branches of the femoral nerve. However, this relationship has not been explored using physiological experiments. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to use electromyography (EMG) to investigate the functional significance of the VI and VM muscles during isometric contraction. METHODS: Twenty-six healthy male volunteers underwent EMG recordings from the VI, VM, and vastus lateralis (VL) at 90∘ or 30∘ of knee flexion. The EMG pre-motor time (PMT) was measured during rapid knee extension in response to an auditory stimulus. Additionally, the M-wave latency was determined by femoral nerve stimulation and subtracted from the PMT to calculate the descending conduction time (DCT). RESULTS: DCT was shortest at VM, followed by VL and VI. The DCT difference of VI-VM was significantly greater than that of VI-VL during maximal effort at 90∘ of knee flexion. CONCLUSIONS: VM is neurally driven to act as a pre-activator that primes the VI muscle; this tendency is particularly pronounced when explosive high-moment knee extension is required.
背景：由于股内侧阔肌（VM）和股中间阔肌（VI）在解剖学上存在联系，并由相同的股神经分支支配，因此它们之间可能存在潜在的关系。然而，这种关系尚未通过生理实验进行探讨。目的：本研究旨在使用肌电图（EMG）研究等长收缩时 VI 肌和 VM 肌的功能意义。方法：26 名健康男性志愿者在膝关节屈曲 90 ∘ 或 30 ∘ 时对 VI 肌、VM 肌和外侧阔肌（VL）进行了肌电图记录。在听觉刺激下快速伸膝时测量肌电图前运动时间（PMT）。此外，通过股神经刺激测定 M 波潜伏期，并从 PMT 中减去 M 波潜伏期，以计算降序传导时间（DCT）。结果：VM 的 DCT 最短，其次是 VL 和 VI。在膝关节屈曲 90∘时做最大努力时，VI-VM 的 DCT 差异明显大于 VI-VL。结论：VM受神经驱动充当预激活剂，为VI肌肉提供能量；当需要爆发性高动力伸膝时，这种趋势尤为明显。
{"title":"Significance of vasti muscle activity during voluntary isometric contraction: Pre-activation of vastus medialis for engaging vastus intermedius","authors":"Yoshitsugu Tanino, Wataru Yamazaki, Yuki Fukumoto, Takaki Yoshida, Tetsuya Nakao, Toshiaki Suzuki","doi":"10.3233/ies-230098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ies-230098","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: A potential relationship may exist between the vastus medialis (VM) and the contractile efficiency of the vastus intermedius (VI) due to their anatomical connection and common innervation by the same branches of the femoral nerve. However, this relationship has not been explored using physiological experiments. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to use electromyography (EMG) to investigate the functional significance of the VI and VM muscles during isometric contraction. METHODS: Twenty-six healthy male volunteers underwent EMG recordings from the VI, VM, and vastus lateralis (VL) at 90∘ or 30∘ of knee flexion. The EMG pre-motor time (PMT) was measured during rapid knee extension in response to an auditory stimulus. Additionally, the M-wave latency was determined by femoral nerve stimulation and subtracted from the PMT to calculate the descending conduction time (DCT). RESULTS: DCT was shortest at VM, followed by VL and VI. The DCT difference of VI-VM was significantly greater than that of VI-VL during maximal effort at 90∘ of knee flexion. CONCLUSIONS: VM is neurally driven to act as a pre-activator that primes the VI muscle; this tendency is particularly pronounced when explosive high-moment knee extension is required.","PeriodicalId":54915,"journal":{"name":"Isokinetics and Exercise Science","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139668652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gustavo N. Gomes, Marvery P. Duarte, Martim Bottaro, Fernando Lamarca, Mariana Melendez, Kênia M.B. Carvalho, Eliane S. Dutra, Ricardo M. Lima
BACKGROUND: The reduction of muscle mass and strength commonly observed after bariatric surgery might negatively affect the individual physical function. Muscle quality is also of functional relevance in different populations, but its significance in patients who underwent bariatric surgery has yetto be explored. OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between muscle strength and quality with physical function in women mid- to long-term after Roux-en-Y gastroplasty (RYGB). METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 133 women (43.7± 9.9 years) who have undergone RYGB at least two years before the study were included. All participants underwent body composition evaluation using DEXA and knee extensors peak moment (PM) using an isokinetic dynamometer. Muscle quality (MQ) was obtained through the ratio between absolute PM and dominant leg fat-free mass. Physical function was measured through the 30-second sit-to-stand (30-STS), 6-minute walking (6-MWT), and timed up-and-go (TUG) tests. RESULTS: Differences between PM tertiles were observed for 30-STS and 6-MWT tests. However, statistical significance disappeared when adjusting for age. Regarding PM relative to body weight, all functional tests were significantly different between tertiles. Comparing functional performance according to MQ tertiles, differences were found for 30-STS and 6-MWT tests, but significance disappeared when adjusting for age. Absolute PM was correlated to the 30-STS performance and 6-MWT, while PM relative to body mass and MQ were correlated with all functional tests. CONCLUSIONS: Muscle strength and quality seem to be associated with physical function in women mid-to-long-term after RYGB, but strength relative to bodyweight outperformed absolute strength and MQ.
{"title":"The relationship between muscle strength and quality with functional performance in women mid- to long-term after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass","authors":"Gustavo N. Gomes, Marvery P. Duarte, Martim Bottaro, Fernando Lamarca, Mariana Melendez, Kênia M.B. Carvalho, Eliane S. Dutra, Ricardo M. Lima","doi":"10.3233/ies-230024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ies-230024","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: The reduction of muscle mass and strength commonly observed after bariatric surgery might negatively affect the individual physical function. Muscle quality is also of functional relevance in different populations, but its significance in patients who underwent bariatric surgery has yetto be explored. OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between muscle strength and quality with physical function in women mid- to long-term after Roux-en-Y gastroplasty (RYGB). METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 133 women (43.7± 9.9 years) who have undergone RYGB at least two years before the study were included. All participants underwent body composition evaluation using DEXA and knee extensors peak moment (PM) using an isokinetic dynamometer. Muscle quality (MQ) was obtained through the ratio between absolute PM and dominant leg fat-free mass. Physical function was measured through the 30-second sit-to-stand (30-STS), 6-minute walking (6-MWT), and timed up-and-go (TUG) tests. RESULTS: Differences between PM tertiles were observed for 30-STS and 6-MWT tests. However, statistical significance disappeared when adjusting for age. Regarding PM relative to body weight, all functional tests were significantly different between tertiles. Comparing functional performance according to MQ tertiles, differences were found for 30-STS and 6-MWT tests, but significance disappeared when adjusting for age. Absolute PM was correlated to the 30-STS performance and 6-MWT, while PM relative to body mass and MQ were correlated with all functional tests. CONCLUSIONS: Muscle strength and quality seem to be associated with physical function in women mid-to-long-term after RYGB, but strength relative to bodyweight outperformed absolute strength and MQ.","PeriodicalId":54915,"journal":{"name":"Isokinetics and Exercise Science","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139750469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND: Chronic ankle instability (CAI) presents neuromuscular control and functional performance difficulties. Although ankle-focused rehabilitation is widely practised, the relative effects of exercises targeting thoracic mobility and lumbopelvic stabilization in addressing CAI have not been thoroughly investigated. OBJECTIVE: The study aims to compare the effects of thoracic mobility and lumbopelvic stabilization exercises in patients with CAI. METHODS: The study was designed as a prospective randomized controlled clinical trial. A total of 30 participants (mean age = 31.93 ± 7.31; 21F/9M) who scored 27 points or on the Cumberland ankle instability tool voluntarily were enrolled in the study. The participants were randomly divided into two groups. In addition to the rehabilitation protocols, each participant was given a home exercise program, including ankle-strengthening exercises (3 times a week). The first group trained with thoracic mobility (TM), while the second group did lumbopelvic stabilization (LS) exercises under supervision twice a week for eight weeks. Participants’ pre and post-treatment assessments spanned an 8-week rehabilitation period, during which ankle and hip joint range of motion measurements were obtained using an electronic goniometer. Additionally, dynamic balance was assessed through the Y balance test, while ankle proprioception was evaluated using joint position sense measurements. The flexibility was assessed with an active straight leg raise test. RESULTS: Y balance, CAIT, and active straight leg raise test scores were improved in the eighth week in the thoracic mobility group (p< 0.05), while only active straight leg raise test and CAIT scores were significantly different in the lumbopelvic stabilization group (p< 0.05) according to intra group variables. In comparing the post-treatment scores between the groups, the thoracic mobility group had superior results in the joint position sense test for the right side of the hip and plantarflexion. (hip; TM: 70.71 ± 6.80, LS: 68.76 ± 5.50, plantarflexion; TM: 44.24 ± 7.28, LS: 38.30 ± 5.08). CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that while both interventions are effective in addressing various aspects of ankle instability, the thoracic mobility exercises may offer additional benefits, particularly in enhancing joint position sense, thereby providing valuable insights for the optimization of rehabilitation protocols for individuals with chronic ankle instability.
背景：慢性踝关节不稳定（CAI）给神经肌肉控制和功能表现带来困难。虽然以踝关节为重点的康复训练已被广泛采用，但针对胸廓活动度和腰椎稳定的训练在解决 CAI 方面的相对效果尚未得到深入研究。目的：本研究旨在比较胸廓活动度锻炼和腰椎稳定锻炼对 CAI 患者的影响。方法：该研究设计为前瞻性随机对照临床试验。共有 30 名参与者（平均年龄 = 31.93 ± 7.31；21 名女性/9 名男性）自愿参加研究，他们在坎伯兰踝关节不稳定性工具中得到 27 分或以上。参与者被随机分为两组。除康复方案外，每位参与者还接受了家庭锻炼计划，包括踝关节强化训练（每周 3 次）。第一组进行胸廓活动度（TM）训练，第二组在指导下进行腰椎稳定（LS）训练，每周两次，持续八周。在为期 8 周的康复期中，对参与者进行了治疗前和治疗后评估，期间使用电子动态关节角度计测量了踝关节和髋关节的活动范围。此外，还通过 Y 平衡测试评估了动态平衡，并通过关节位置感测量评估了踝关节本体感觉。灵活性通过主动直腿抬高测试进行评估。结果：根据组内变量，胸廓活动度组的 Y 平衡、CAIT 和主动直腿抬高测试评分在第八周有所提高（P< 0.05），而腰椎稳定组只有主动直腿抬高测试和 CAIT 评分有显著差异（P< 0.05）。比较各组的治疗后评分，胸廓活动度组在右侧髋关节和跖屈的关节位置感测试中成绩更优。(髋关节；TM：70.71 ± 6.80，LS：68.76 ± 5.50，跖屈；TM：44.24 ± 7.28，LS：38.30 ± 5.08）。结论：研究结果表明，虽然两种干预方法都能有效解决踝关节不稳的各方面问题，但胸廓活动度练习可能会带来更多益处，尤其是在增强关节位置感方面，从而为优化慢性踝关节不稳患者的康复方案提供有价值的见解。
{"title":"The effects of thoracic mobility versus lumbopelvic stabilization exercises on lower extremity flexibility, dynamic balance and proprioception in patients with chronic ankle instability","authors":"Ecem Nur Takındı, Elif Tuğçe Çil","doi":"10.3233/ies-230093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ies-230093","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Chronic ankle instability (CAI) presents neuromuscular control and functional performance difficulties. Although ankle-focused rehabilitation is widely practised, the relative effects of exercises targeting thoracic mobility and lumbopelvic stabilization in addressing CAI have not been thoroughly investigated. OBJECTIVE: The study aims to compare the effects of thoracic mobility and lumbopelvic stabilization exercises in patients with CAI. METHODS: The study was designed as a prospective randomized controlled clinical trial. A total of 30 participants (mean age = 31.93 ± 7.31; 21F/9M) who scored 27 points or on the Cumberland ankle instability tool voluntarily were enrolled in the study. The participants were randomly divided into two groups. In addition to the rehabilitation protocols, each participant was given a home exercise program, including ankle-strengthening exercises (3 times a week). The first group trained with thoracic mobility (TM), while the second group did lumbopelvic stabilization (LS) exercises under supervision twice a week for eight weeks. Participants’ pre and post-treatment assessments spanned an 8-week rehabilitation period, during which ankle and hip joint range of motion measurements were obtained using an electronic goniometer. Additionally, dynamic balance was assessed through the Y balance test, while ankle proprioception was evaluated using joint position sense measurements. The flexibility was assessed with an active straight leg raise test. RESULTS: Y balance, CAIT, and active straight leg raise test scores were improved in the eighth week in the thoracic mobility group (p< 0.05), while only active straight leg raise test and CAIT scores were significantly different in the lumbopelvic stabilization group (p< 0.05) according to intra group variables. In comparing the post-treatment scores between the groups, the thoracic mobility group had superior results in the joint position sense test for the right side of the hip and plantarflexion. (hip; TM: 70.71 ± 6.80, LS: 68.76 ± 5.50, plantarflexion; TM: 44.24 ± 7.28, LS: 38.30 ± 5.08). CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that while both interventions are effective in addressing various aspects of ankle instability, the thoracic mobility exercises may offer additional benefits, particularly in enhancing joint position sense, thereby providing valuable insights for the optimization of rehabilitation protocols for individuals with chronic ankle instability.","PeriodicalId":54915,"journal":{"name":"Isokinetics and Exercise Science","volume":"1227 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139176992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND: Endurance training can have a negative impact on strength training and may lead to reduced strength gains, known as the interference effect. However, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) as an endurance training mode may reduce this interference effect. OBJECTIVE: This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to investigate the effects of concurrent HIIT and resistance training (RT) on lower body explosive strength and maximum strength. METHODS: Five electronic databases were searched. Subgroup analyses were performed to assess the effects of HIIT modality, training status, and training duration on strength development following concurrent HIIT and RT. RESULTS: Meta-analysis showed that compared to RT alone, concurrent HIIT and RT will not affect the development of countermovement jump (CMJ) (WMD =-0.17, 95%CI =-1.45 to -1.11) and half squat (WMD =-0.05, 95%CI =-2.42 to 2.32). Further, subgroup analysis revealed that HIIT-running workout was conducive to the development of both CMJ and half squat. Longer training duration was found to be more effective in developing CMJ, while shorter training duration was more suitable for developing half squat. Additionally, athletes showed greater improvement than non-athletes. CONCLUSIONS: Combining HIIT and RT can enhance CMJ and half squat. The results of intervention are moderated by training variables and training status.
{"title":"The effect of concurrent high-intensity interval training and resistance training on the lower body maximal strength and explosive power: A updated systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Yonghui Chen, Xinmiao Feng, Lanmin Huang, Jing Mi","doi":"10.3233/ies-230082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ies-230082","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Endurance training can have a negative impact on strength training and may lead to reduced strength gains, known as the interference effect. However, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) as an endurance training mode may reduce this interference effect. OBJECTIVE: This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to investigate the effects of concurrent HIIT and resistance training (RT) on lower body explosive strength and maximum strength. METHODS: Five electronic databases were searched. Subgroup analyses were performed to assess the effects of HIIT modality, training status, and training duration on strength development following concurrent HIIT and RT. RESULTS: Meta-analysis showed that compared to RT alone, concurrent HIIT and RT will not affect the development of countermovement jump (CMJ) (WMD =-0.17, 95%CI =-1.45 to -1.11) and half squat (WMD =-0.05, 95%CI =-2.42 to 2.32). Further, subgroup analysis revealed that HIIT-running workout was conducive to the development of both CMJ and half squat. Longer training duration was found to be more effective in developing CMJ, while shorter training duration was more suitable for developing half squat. Additionally, athletes showed greater improvement than non-athletes. CONCLUSIONS: Combining HIIT and RT can enhance CMJ and half squat. The results of intervention are moderated by training variables and training status.","PeriodicalId":54915,"journal":{"name":"Isokinetics and Exercise Science","volume":"821 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139177047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Won-Young Park, Dong-Yun Bae, Da-In An, Jong-Chul Jung, Go-Eun Choi, Hye-Lyeong Yun, Yong-Il Shin, Jun-Seok Kim, Soo-Yong Kim
BACKGROUD: The control of hip and ankle joint movement is important for patients with dynamic knee valgus (DKV), but few studies have used non-elastic taping (NET) to adjust alignment of the hip and ankle joints during overhead squat (OHS) simultaneously in patients with DKV. OBJECTIVE: We investigated changes in lower extremity joint kinematics and dynamic balance after the application of NET to the hip and ankle joints during OHS. METHODS: A total of 30 DKV patients participated in this study. We determined the kinematics of the hip, knee, and ankle joints, and scores on the lower quarter Y-balance test (YBT-LQ) during OHS under three conditions (non-taping, NET on hip and ankle, and sham taping). RESULTS: Hip internal rotation, knee valgus, and the ankle dorsiflexion angle were significantly lower with NET than with non- or sham taping. The hip flexion angle and scores on the YBT-LQ were significantly greater with NET than with non- or sham taping. CONCLUSIONS: The application of NET while performing a OHS is a useful method for correcting lower extremity alignment in patients with DKV, however, application of NET on the ankle should be considered.
背景：控制髋关节和踝关节的运动对动态膝外翻（DKV）患者非常重要，但很少有研究使用非弹性绑带（NET）来调整 DKV 患者在高抬腿深蹲（OHS）时髋关节和踝关节的对齐情况。目的：我们研究了在 OHS 期间对髋关节和踝关节应用非弹性绑带后下肢关节运动学和动态平衡的变化。方法：共有 30 名 DKV 患者参与了这项研究。我们测定了髋关节、膝关节和踝关节的运动学特性，以及 OHS 期间在三种条件下（未绑带、髋关节和踝关节上绑带 NET 以及假绑带）进行的下四分位 Y 平衡测试（YBT-LQ）的得分。结果：髋关节内旋、膝关节外翻和踝关节背屈角度在 NET 下明显低于未绑带或假绑带。敷贴 NET 后，髋关节屈曲角度和 YBT-LQ 得分明显高于未敷贴或假敷贴。结论：在进行 OHS 时应用 NET 是纠正 DKV 患者下肢对齐的有效方法，但应考虑在踝关节上应用 NET。
{"title":"Effects of non-elastic taping on the kinematics of the lower extremities during overhead squat in subjects with dynamic knee valgus","authors":"Won-Young Park, Dong-Yun Bae, Da-In An, Jong-Chul Jung, Go-Eun Choi, Hye-Lyeong Yun, Yong-Il Shin, Jun-Seok Kim, Soo-Yong Kim","doi":"10.3233/ies-230080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ies-230080","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUD: The control of hip and ankle joint movement is important for patients with dynamic knee valgus (DKV), but few studies have used non-elastic taping (NET) to adjust alignment of the hip and ankle joints during overhead squat (OHS) simultaneously in patients with DKV. OBJECTIVE: We investigated changes in lower extremity joint kinematics and dynamic balance after the application of NET to the hip and ankle joints during OHS. METHODS: A total of 30 DKV patients participated in this study. We determined the kinematics of the hip, knee, and ankle joints, and scores on the lower quarter Y-balance test (YBT-LQ) during OHS under three conditions (non-taping, NET on hip and ankle, and sham taping). RESULTS: Hip internal rotation, knee valgus, and the ankle dorsiflexion angle were significantly lower with NET than with non- or sham taping. The hip flexion angle and scores on the YBT-LQ were significantly greater with NET than with non- or sham taping. CONCLUSIONS: The application of NET while performing a OHS is a useful method for correcting lower extremity alignment in patients with DKV, however, application of NET on the ankle should be considered.","PeriodicalId":54915,"journal":{"name":"Isokinetics and Exercise Science","volume":"393 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139177213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND: Many studies have reported that exercise increases physical flexibility; however, no study has verified whether patients perceive an increase in physical flexibility after exercise. OBJECTIVE: This study investigates the correlations between increased duration of exercise and the self-rated flexibility (SRF) and those between the SRF and quantitative flexibility. Variations in the SRF between males and females were also investigated. METHODS: The SRF of the hip (S-Hip) and ankle (S-Ankle) were rated by participants who completed a questionnaire. The range of motion of the hip (M-Hip) and ankle (M-Ankle) were measured using the straight leg raise test and dorsiflexion, respectively. RESULTS: No significant correlation between exercise duration and S-Hip and S-Ankle were identified. S-Hip and S-Ankle (p< 0.001) and S-Hip and M-Hip (p< 0.001) were significantly correlated, though S-Ankle and M-Ankle were not (p= 0.660). The exercise duration, S-Hip, and S-Ankle were not significantly different between males and females. CONCLUSIONS: Given the significant correlation between hip flexibility and SRF and no gender effect, SRF may serve as a useful clinical indicator.
{"title":"Self-rated flexibility significantly reflects the hip flexibility, but not the ankle flexibility","authors":"Wootaek Lim","doi":"10.3233/ies-230081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ies-230081","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Many studies have reported that exercise increases physical flexibility; however, no study has verified whether patients perceive an increase in physical flexibility after exercise. OBJECTIVE: This study investigates the correlations between increased duration of exercise and the self-rated flexibility (SRF) and those between the SRF and quantitative flexibility. Variations in the SRF between males and females were also investigated. METHODS: The SRF of the hip (S-Hip) and ankle (S-Ankle) were rated by participants who completed a questionnaire. The range of motion of the hip (M-Hip) and ankle (M-Ankle) were measured using the straight leg raise test and dorsiflexion, respectively. RESULTS: No significant correlation between exercise duration and S-Hip and S-Ankle were identified. S-Hip and S-Ankle (p< 0.001) and S-Hip and M-Hip (p< 0.001) were significantly correlated, though S-Ankle and M-Ankle were not (p= 0.660). The exercise duration, S-Hip, and S-Ankle were not significantly different between males and females. CONCLUSIONS: Given the significant correlation between hip flexibility and SRF and no gender effect, SRF may serve as a useful clinical indicator.","PeriodicalId":54915,"journal":{"name":"Isokinetics and Exercise Science","volume":"398 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138985674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aitor Zabaleta-Korta, Unai Latorre-Erezuma, Eneko Fernández-Peña, Jon Torres-Unda, Jordan Santos-Concejero
BACKGROUND: In the last decades, emerging evidence has shown that muscle growth is not homogeneous along a muscle head. This phenomenon is known as regional muscle hypertrophy and has led to several questions regarding the implications it may have for health and sports performance. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine whether regional hypertrophy can be predicted by surface electromyography (sEMG). METHODS: 36 participants performed two arm exercises (preacher curls and inclined curls) in a random order to muscle failure at 70% of the 1 RM of the bicep curl exercise. As every participant performed a different number of repetitions, Peak sEMG and the integral of the sEMG of the last 3 repetitions was analyzed an compared to previously performed maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVIC). RESULTS: The independent sample t-tests showed no significant differences neither in the peak nor in the integral of the sEMG between exercises for any given region. CONCLUSIONS: sEMG cannot be used to predict regional hypertrophy.
{"title":"Regional hypertrophy of muscle cannot be predicted by surface electromyography","authors":"Aitor Zabaleta-Korta, Unai Latorre-Erezuma, Eneko Fernández-Peña, Jon Torres-Unda, Jordan Santos-Concejero","doi":"10.3233/ies-230079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ies-230079","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: In the last decades, emerging evidence has shown that muscle growth is not homogeneous along a muscle head. This phenomenon is known as regional muscle hypertrophy and has led to several questions regarding the implications it may have for health and sports performance. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine whether regional hypertrophy can be predicted by surface electromyography (sEMG). METHODS: 36 participants performed two arm exercises (preacher curls and inclined curls) in a random order to muscle failure at 70% of the 1 RM of the bicep curl exercise. As every participant performed a different number of repetitions, Peak sEMG and the integral of the sEMG of the last 3 repetitions was analyzed an compared to previously performed maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVIC). RESULTS: The independent sample t-tests showed no significant differences neither in the peak nor in the integral of the sEMG between exercises for any given region. CONCLUSIONS: sEMG cannot be used to predict regional hypertrophy.","PeriodicalId":54915,"journal":{"name":"Isokinetics and Exercise Science","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139586722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Aedo-Muñoz, C. Brito, Pablo Merino Muñoz, O. T. Nóbrega, B. Miarka, Matias Gonzalez Valenzuela, David Arriagada-Tarifeño
BACKGROUND: Long-time judo training can lead athletes to develop upper limb asymmetry and shoulder asymmetry during force production, mainly in the action of pulling, pushing, and throwing; that requires higher strength and velocity of the internal and external rotators of the shoulders, which may also result in shoulder injury, or a decrease in judo performance. OBJECTIVE: To investigate asymmetries in concentric force of the internal and external shoulder rotators of the dominant and non-dominant upper limbs in high-level judokas at angular velocities of 60, 180, and 300∘/s. METHODS: 14 highly trained male judokas (age 24.4 ± 4.8 yrs.; body mass 87.9 ± 18.7 kg; height 1.8 ± 0.1 m). All participants performed 5 attempts of movement concentric internal and external rotation of the shoulder with 3 angular velocities (60∘/s, 180∘/s, and 300∘/s) in an isokinetic dynamometer (Cybex® Humac Norm Dynamometer CSMI, model 502140). The data were analyzed by independent t-student (discrete analysis) a statistical parametric mapping (SPM) curve (one-dimensional analysis). There was no difference in dominant vs. non-dominant for discrete analysis (p> 0.05). There was no difference in dominant vs. non-dominant for SPM analysis. None of the comparisons surpassed the comparison cut-off (tcrit) for the t-test (p> 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Based on results, judokas do not present significant asymmetries in concentric force of external or internal shoulder rotators when compared to the dominant vs. the non-dominant upper limb according to discrete and one-dimensional (SPM) analysis.
{"title":"Do judokas present differences between upper limbs for the concentric strength of the internal and external rotators of the shoulder?","authors":"E. Aedo-Muñoz, C. Brito, Pablo Merino Muñoz, O. T. Nóbrega, B. Miarka, Matias Gonzalez Valenzuela, David Arriagada-Tarifeño","doi":"10.3233/ies-230073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ies-230073","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Long-time judo training can lead athletes to develop upper limb asymmetry and shoulder asymmetry during force production, mainly in the action of pulling, pushing, and throwing; that requires higher strength and velocity of the internal and external rotators of the shoulders, which may also result in shoulder injury, or a decrease in judo performance. OBJECTIVE: To investigate asymmetries in concentric force of the internal and external shoulder rotators of the dominant and non-dominant upper limbs in high-level judokas at angular velocities of 60, 180, and 300∘/s. METHODS: 14 highly trained male judokas (age 24.4 ± 4.8 yrs.; body mass 87.9 ± 18.7 kg; height 1.8 ± 0.1 m). All participants performed 5 attempts of movement concentric internal and external rotation of the shoulder with 3 angular velocities (60∘/s, 180∘/s, and 300∘/s) in an isokinetic dynamometer (Cybex® Humac Norm Dynamometer CSMI, model 502140). The data were analyzed by independent t-student (discrete analysis) a statistical parametric mapping (SPM) curve (one-dimensional analysis). There was no difference in dominant vs. non-dominant for discrete analysis (p> 0.05). There was no difference in dominant vs. non-dominant for SPM analysis. None of the comparisons surpassed the comparison cut-off (tcrit) for the t-test (p> 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Based on results, judokas do not present significant asymmetries in concentric force of external or internal shoulder rotators when compared to the dominant vs. the non-dominant upper limb according to discrete and one-dimensional (SPM) analysis.","PeriodicalId":54915,"journal":{"name":"Isokinetics and Exercise Science","volume":" 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139197555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND: Limited research exists on how various resistance training methods, such as TRX and dumbbells, impact sport-specific technical skills and muscle performance in young athletes. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the effects of 8-week Total-Body Resistance Exercise (TRX) suspension training and Traditional Dumbbell Training (TDT) on shoulder muscle strength, leg power, and spike speed in young male volleyball players. METHODS: Twenty-five male volleyball players were randomly assigned to either the TRX suspension group (n= 13) or the TDT group (n= 12). Anthropometric measures, countermovement jump (CMJ) height, spike speed, and shoulder joint isokinetic strength tests were conducted pre- and post-intervention. Both groups continued their volleyball training (5 days/week) and added TRX or TDT sessions for 2 months (60–90 minutes/day, 3 times/week), including 8 multi-joint exercises (1–3 sets/12 reps, 60 min rest). Statistical analysis involved Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests, with effect size calculations. RESULTS: Compared to the TDT group, the TRX group showed significant improvements in CMJ height (+12.17% vs. +0.83%; p= 0.001), CMJ power (+9.55% vs. -0.24 %; p= 0.01), and spike speed (+11.49% vs. +6.82%; p= 0.03) with a small to moderate effect size. CONCLUSIONS: In young male volleyball players, TRX suspension training may be more effective than dumbbell training in enhancing jump performance and spike speed.
{"title":"The effects of dumbbell versus TRX suspension training on shoulder strength, vertical jump, and spike speed in volleyball players","authors":"Soner Ozdamar, A. Agopyan, Selda Uzun","doi":"10.3233/ies-230001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ies-230001","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Limited research exists on how various resistance training methods, such as TRX and dumbbells, impact sport-specific technical skills and muscle performance in young athletes. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the effects of 8-week Total-Body Resistance Exercise (TRX) suspension training and Traditional Dumbbell Training (TDT) on shoulder muscle strength, leg power, and spike speed in young male volleyball players. METHODS: Twenty-five male volleyball players were randomly assigned to either the TRX suspension group (n= 13) or the TDT group (n= 12). Anthropometric measures, countermovement jump (CMJ) height, spike speed, and shoulder joint isokinetic strength tests were conducted pre- and post-intervention. Both groups continued their volleyball training (5 days/week) and added TRX or TDT sessions for 2 months (60–90 minutes/day, 3 times/week), including 8 multi-joint exercises (1–3 sets/12 reps, 60 min rest). Statistical analysis involved Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests, with effect size calculations. RESULTS: Compared to the TDT group, the TRX group showed significant improvements in CMJ height (+12.17% vs. +0.83%; p= 0.001), CMJ power (+9.55% vs. -0.24 %; p= 0.01), and spike speed (+11.49% vs. +6.82%; p= 0.03) with a small to moderate effect size. CONCLUSIONS: In young male volleyball players, TRX suspension training may be more effective than dumbbell training in enhancing jump performance and spike speed.","PeriodicalId":54915,"journal":{"name":"Isokinetics and Exercise Science","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139219149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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