BACKGROUND: Passive heating has attracted attention as a potentially promising recovery modality in sports. However, investigations of passive heating have yielded only inconsistent results for exercise performance. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the acute effects of local passive heating administered between repeated bouts of isokinetic exercise. METHODS: The experiment was a randomized crossover study. There was a total of three visits including a familiarization visit. During the remaining two visits, eleven healthy men performed three bouts of nine sets of isokinetic knee extensions using their dominant single-leg (30 repetitions/set, 180∘/sec). A 15 min recovery, during which a local passive heating pad at control (CON) or heating (HT) was applied to the rectus femoris, was afforded after the 3rd and 6th sets (Recovery 1 and 2). Isokinetic exercise performance, as assessed by peak torque, total work, and average power was analyzed using two-way repeated-measures ANOVA. RESULTS: Following Recovery 1 and 2, isokinetic exercise performance, as assessed by peak torque, total work, and average power was reduced in Set 4 (p< 0.001, p< 0.001, p= 0.080) and Set 7 (p< 0.001, p< 0.001, p= 0.009) in the HT group relative to the CON group. Electromyography analysis revealed that signal amplitude was lower in the HT group in Set 4 (p< 0.001) subsequent to Recovery 1, and that firing frequency was higher in Set 7 (p= 0.002) in the HT group after Recovery 2. Furthermore, EMG time-frequency maps from one representative participant showed that following Recovery 1 and 2 peak energy decreased during the first five repetitions in Set 4 and 7. CONCLUSIONS: Local passive heating administered during recovery decreased subsequent performance of isokinetic knee extensors, muscle activation ability and increased firing frequency maintaining force output. Therefore, local passive heating is not an appropriate acute recovery strategy for isokinetic exercises.
{"title":"Local passive heating administered during recovery impairs subsequent isokinetic knee extension exercise performance","authors":"Y. Chang, Xin Liu, C. Hurr","doi":"10.3233/ies-220030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ies-220030","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Passive heating has attracted attention as a potentially promising recovery modality in sports. However, investigations of passive heating have yielded only inconsistent results for exercise performance. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the acute effects of local passive heating administered between repeated bouts of isokinetic exercise. METHODS: The experiment was a randomized crossover study. There was a total of three visits including a familiarization visit. During the remaining two visits, eleven healthy men performed three bouts of nine sets of isokinetic knee extensions using their dominant single-leg (30 repetitions/set, 180∘/sec). A 15 min recovery, during which a local passive heating pad at control (CON) or heating (HT) was applied to the rectus femoris, was afforded after the 3rd and 6th sets (Recovery 1 and 2). Isokinetic exercise performance, as assessed by peak torque, total work, and average power was analyzed using two-way repeated-measures ANOVA. RESULTS: Following Recovery 1 and 2, isokinetic exercise performance, as assessed by peak torque, total work, and average power was reduced in Set 4 (p< 0.001, p< 0.001, p= 0.080) and Set 7 (p< 0.001, p< 0.001, p= 0.009) in the HT group relative to the CON group. Electromyography analysis revealed that signal amplitude was lower in the HT group in Set 4 (p< 0.001) subsequent to Recovery 1, and that firing frequency was higher in Set 7 (p= 0.002) in the HT group after Recovery 2. Furthermore, EMG time-frequency maps from one representative participant showed that following Recovery 1 and 2 peak energy decreased during the first five repetitions in Set 4 and 7. CONCLUSIONS: Local passive heating administered during recovery decreased subsequent performance of isokinetic knee extensors, muscle activation ability and increased firing frequency maintaining force output. Therefore, local passive heating is not an appropriate acute recovery strategy for isokinetic exercises.","PeriodicalId":54915,"journal":{"name":"Isokinetics and Exercise Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44172526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Mizuta, N. Maeda, M. Komiya, Honoka Ishihara, T. Tashiro, M. Yoshimi, Sakura Oda, Y. Urabe
BACKGROUND: Those undergoing pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) often experience difficulty in perception; therefore, an easier PFMT method should be devised. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of combining PFMT with either vibration stimulation or visual feedback provided by a branded cushion (not a prototype) in increasing PFM muscle activity. Since PFM does not involve large joint movements, muscle activity was a suitable indicator. METHODS: Twenty healthy adults were included in this study. All participants performed PFMT under three conditions using a branded cushion: vibration stimulation, visual feedback, and a control. All three conditions were provided separately. PFM activity of the midline of the perineum at two points was recorded as the root mean square measured using PFM electromyography, measured twice for each condition. Muscle activity ratio was obtained by calculating maximum voluntary contraction of PFM in pre- and post-PFMT conditions. RESULTS: PFM activity and muscle activity ratio were both significantly higher following PFMT under vibration stimulation and visual feedback conditions (p< 0.01, p< 0.01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: PFMT accompanied by vibration stimulation or visual feedback could immediately raise PFM muscle activity. We believe this study contributes to improving PFMT efficiency by suggesting more suitable PFMT methods.
{"title":"Acute effects of local vibration and visual feedback on the pelvic floor muscle training in Japanese healthy adults: A cross-over study","authors":"R. Mizuta, N. Maeda, M. Komiya, Honoka Ishihara, T. Tashiro, M. Yoshimi, Sakura Oda, Y. Urabe","doi":"10.3233/ies-220054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ies-220054","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Those undergoing pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) often experience difficulty in perception; therefore, an easier PFMT method should be devised. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of combining PFMT with either vibration stimulation or visual feedback provided by a branded cushion (not a prototype) in increasing PFM muscle activity. Since PFM does not involve large joint movements, muscle activity was a suitable indicator. METHODS: Twenty healthy adults were included in this study. All participants performed PFMT under three conditions using a branded cushion: vibration stimulation, visual feedback, and a control. All three conditions were provided separately. PFM activity of the midline of the perineum at two points was recorded as the root mean square measured using PFM electromyography, measured twice for each condition. Muscle activity ratio was obtained by calculating maximum voluntary contraction of PFM in pre- and post-PFMT conditions. RESULTS: PFM activity and muscle activity ratio were both significantly higher following PFMT under vibration stimulation and visual feedback conditions (p< 0.01, p< 0.01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: PFMT accompanied by vibration stimulation or visual feedback could immediately raise PFM muscle activity. We believe this study contributes to improving PFMT efficiency by suggesting more suitable PFMT methods.","PeriodicalId":54915,"journal":{"name":"Isokinetics and Exercise Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47122165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Junpei Shiba, R. Kuramochi, Gaku Tokutake, Shota Enoki, Yuta Nakamura, Yukitoshi Kotoh
BACKGROUND: An advantage that deadlift (DL) has over back squat (BSQ) is that the latter requires additional equipment (i.e., squat rack). Accordingly, if DL can lead to positive effects on jumping, acceleration, and change of direction, DL could present as a more practical training exercise than that of BSQ. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the effects of DL and BSQ on jumping, acceleration, and change of direction. METHODS: Twenty-three men (12 in the DL group [age: 20.3 ± 1.4 years old, height: 169.6 ± 6.7 cm, body weight: 65.7 ± 11.2 kg] and 11 in the BSQ group [age: 20.2 ± 1.9 years old, height: 171.5 ± 4.8 cm, body weight: 70.1 ± 6.8 kg]) participated in this study. The participants performed five repetitions maximum (RM) of DL and BSQ, and the isokinetic strength of hip joint extension, muscle thickness of the gluteus maximus and hamstrings, countermovement jump (CMJ) height, 10 m sprint time, and T-test results were measured. The 1RM was estimated using the 5RM and normalized to body weight (BW). Both groups performed supervised DL and BSQ training for eight sessions. RESULTS: There were significant improvements on 1RM DL/BW (p< 0.01), 1RM BSQ/BW (p< 0.01), and 10 m sprint (p< 0.01) in the two groups. The effect sizes (d) of the DL and BSQ groups were 2.01 and 1.04 for 1RM DL/BW, 1.08 and 2.08 for 1RM BSQ/BW, 0.35 and 0.11 for CMJ height, and -0.94 and -0.54 for 10 m sprint, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: DL training might improve jumping and acceleration compared to those of BSQ training.
{"title":"Comparison of the effects of deadlift versus back squat on jumping, acceleration, and change of direction","authors":"Junpei Shiba, R. Kuramochi, Gaku Tokutake, Shota Enoki, Yuta Nakamura, Yukitoshi Kotoh","doi":"10.3233/ies-220068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ies-220068","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: An advantage that deadlift (DL) has over back squat (BSQ) is that the latter requires additional equipment (i.e., squat rack). Accordingly, if DL can lead to positive effects on jumping, acceleration, and change of direction, DL could present as a more practical training exercise than that of BSQ. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the effects of DL and BSQ on jumping, acceleration, and change of direction. METHODS: Twenty-three men (12 in the DL group [age: 20.3 ± 1.4 years old, height: 169.6 ± 6.7 cm, body weight: 65.7 ± 11.2 kg] and 11 in the BSQ group [age: 20.2 ± 1.9 years old, height: 171.5 ± 4.8 cm, body weight: 70.1 ± 6.8 kg]) participated in this study. The participants performed five repetitions maximum (RM) of DL and BSQ, and the isokinetic strength of hip joint extension, muscle thickness of the gluteus maximus and hamstrings, countermovement jump (CMJ) height, 10 m sprint time, and T-test results were measured. The 1RM was estimated using the 5RM and normalized to body weight (BW). Both groups performed supervised DL and BSQ training for eight sessions. RESULTS: There were significant improvements on 1RM DL/BW (p< 0.01), 1RM BSQ/BW (p< 0.01), and 10 m sprint (p< 0.01) in the two groups. The effect sizes (d) of the DL and BSQ groups were 2.01 and 1.04 for 1RM DL/BW, 1.08 and 2.08 for 1RM BSQ/BW, 0.35 and 0.11 for CMJ height, and -0.94 and -0.54 for 10 m sprint, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: DL training might improve jumping and acceleration compared to those of BSQ training.","PeriodicalId":54915,"journal":{"name":"Isokinetics and Exercise Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49511315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. S. Mahmoud, Ahmed M. Osailan, R. Elnaggar, A. Alhailiy
BACKGROUND: Hamstring shortening altered joint reaction forces during activities of daily living (ADL), causing knee pain. Moreover, weak quadriceps may negatively distribute the compressive and shear forces at the knee joint. PURPOSE: The study examined the effect of adding hamstring stretching to quadriceps strengthening exercises on joint space narrowing (JSN), medial joint space width (mJSW), and physical abilities in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). METHODS: A total of 42 osteoarthritis patients, aged from 50 to 65 years, were randomized and assigned into 2 groups: the study and the control groups. Quadriceps strengthening exercises were given to both groups, while static hamstring stretching was applied to only the study group. Patients of both groups were screened with a weight-bearing x-ray beam to investigate the JSN, mJSW, and functional abilities measured in the WOMAC scale. The Outcomes were evaluated at the baseline and immediately after 6 weeks of treatment. RESULTS: The mJSW improved in the study group (p< 0.001) compared to the control group (p= 0.07). The OARSI JSN was enhanced significantly in both groups, but in favor of the study group (p< 0.001) over the control group (p= 0.046). Both MVIC and total score of WOMAC were significantly improved in both groups (p< 0.001). CONCLUSION: Adding static hamstring stretching to quadriceps strengthening exercises provided a substantial effect on mJSW, JSN, and functional abilities in KOA patients.
{"title":"Radiological and clinical outcomes of concurrent hamstring stretching with quadriceps strengthening in patients with knee osteoarthritis: A randomized clinical trial","authors":"W. S. Mahmoud, Ahmed M. Osailan, R. Elnaggar, A. Alhailiy","doi":"10.3233/ies-220056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ies-220056","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Hamstring shortening altered joint reaction forces during activities of daily living (ADL), causing knee pain. Moreover, weak quadriceps may negatively distribute the compressive and shear forces at the knee joint. PURPOSE: The study examined the effect of adding hamstring stretching to quadriceps strengthening exercises on joint space narrowing (JSN), medial joint space width (mJSW), and physical abilities in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). METHODS: A total of 42 osteoarthritis patients, aged from 50 to 65 years, were randomized and assigned into 2 groups: the study and the control groups. Quadriceps strengthening exercises were given to both groups, while static hamstring stretching was applied to only the study group. Patients of both groups were screened with a weight-bearing x-ray beam to investigate the JSN, mJSW, and functional abilities measured in the WOMAC scale. The Outcomes were evaluated at the baseline and immediately after 6 weeks of treatment. RESULTS: The mJSW improved in the study group (p< 0.001) compared to the control group (p= 0.07). The OARSI JSN was enhanced significantly in both groups, but in favor of the study group (p< 0.001) over the control group (p= 0.046). Both MVIC and total score of WOMAC were significantly improved in both groups (p< 0.001). CONCLUSION: Adding static hamstring stretching to quadriceps strengthening exercises provided a substantial effect on mJSW, JSN, and functional abilities in KOA patients.","PeriodicalId":54915,"journal":{"name":"Isokinetics and Exercise Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44744709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wan Mohammad Nazrin Wan Yusof, W. Nasaruddin, R. Hami, Ahmad Munir Che Muhamed, Hazwani Ahmad Yusof
BACKGROUND: It is unknown whether a session of isometric handgrip (IHG) exercise can influence the blood pressure of hypertensive and normotensive individuals. OBJECTIVE: To compare post exercise hypotension among groups with different resting blood pressure (BP) levels. METHODS: 56 Malay male volunteers (12 normotensive, 14 pre-hypertensive, 19 hypertensive stage 1, and 11 hypertensive stage 2) completed four sets of 2-minute isometric handgrip exercises at 30% of their maximum handgrip contraction with a one-minute break between the sets. Systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), pulse pressure (PP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), resting heart rate (RHR), and handgrip strength (HGS) were measured before and after an hour of IHG exercise. A paired sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, and two-way repeated measure ANCOVA were used to examine the data. RESULTS: All parameters, except RHR and HGS, were significantly changed following the exercise across the BP groups. The SBP, MAP, and HGS were greatly reduced among hypertensive stage 1 (SBP =-6.3 ± 0.6 mmHg; MAP =-4.8 ± 1.1 mmHg; HGS =-6.8 ±-0.4 mmHg) compared to other groups. Meanwhile, the most DBP was reduced among hypertensive stage 2 (mean =-5.2 ± 0.6 mmHg). CONCLUSIONS: The current study discovered a significant reduction in BP among hypertensive stage 1 and 2 individuals after a session of IHG exercise.
{"title":"The effect of a single session of isometric handgrip exercise on blood pressure","authors":"Wan Mohammad Nazrin Wan Yusof, W. Nasaruddin, R. Hami, Ahmad Munir Che Muhamed, Hazwani Ahmad Yusof","doi":"10.3233/ies-220057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ies-220057","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: It is unknown whether a session of isometric handgrip (IHG) exercise can influence the blood pressure of hypertensive and normotensive individuals. OBJECTIVE: To compare post exercise hypotension among groups with different resting blood pressure (BP) levels. METHODS: 56 Malay male volunteers (12 normotensive, 14 pre-hypertensive, 19 hypertensive stage 1, and 11 hypertensive stage 2) completed four sets of 2-minute isometric handgrip exercises at 30% of their maximum handgrip contraction with a one-minute break between the sets. Systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), pulse pressure (PP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), resting heart rate (RHR), and handgrip strength (HGS) were measured before and after an hour of IHG exercise. A paired sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, and two-way repeated measure ANCOVA were used to examine the data. RESULTS: All parameters, except RHR and HGS, were significantly changed following the exercise across the BP groups. The SBP, MAP, and HGS were greatly reduced among hypertensive stage 1 (SBP =-6.3 ± 0.6 mmHg; MAP =-4.8 ± 1.1 mmHg; HGS =-6.8 ±-0.4 mmHg) compared to other groups. Meanwhile, the most DBP was reduced among hypertensive stage 2 (mean =-5.2 ± 0.6 mmHg). CONCLUSIONS: The current study discovered a significant reduction in BP among hypertensive stage 1 and 2 individuals after a session of IHG exercise.","PeriodicalId":54915,"journal":{"name":"Isokinetics and Exercise Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48542559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND: Stretching is commonly used for clinical and sports reason but the effects vary on time and the technique used. PURPOSE: To determine the acute effects of static and dynamic stretching of gastrocnemius muscle on muscle-tendon unit (MTU) and dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM) in the same individuals; to find out how long the stretching effects endure. METHODS: Twenty-eight males (mean age: 22.18 ± 2.58 years) were included in the study. A 45-s static stretching (SS) exercise was applied to the right leg 5 times and dynamic stretching (DS) of same duration to the other leg. Change in MTU was assessed by ultrasonography and active and passive ROM was measured with goniometer. All evaluations were performed before, immediately following, 5-min, 15-min and 30-min after stretching. RESULTS: Muscle thickness and pennation angle did not change over time with either techniques (p> 0.05). A significant muscle-tendon junction (MTJ) displacement occurred after the techniques (p< 0.05); the highest change was achieved after DS (p< 0.05). Both techniques improved active ROM values similarly (p< 0.05), but only dynamic stretching increased passive ROM significantly (p< 0.05). Active and passive ROM and MTJ displacement values at 30th – min were still higher than the baseline ones on the DS side (p< 0.05). However, SS increased active ROM angle immediately after application but this increment declined until the final measurement. CONCLUSION: We recommend using the dynamic stretching technique to achieve greater and longer lasting increases in tendon length and range of motion.
{"title":"The effect of two different stretching exercises on the muscle tendon unit and range of motion","authors":"M. Kaya, E. Gokce, Funda Demirturk","doi":"10.3233/ies-210172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ies-210172","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Stretching is commonly used for clinical and sports reason but the effects vary on time and the technique used. PURPOSE: To determine the acute effects of static and dynamic stretching of gastrocnemius muscle on muscle-tendon unit (MTU) and dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM) in the same individuals; to find out how long the stretching effects endure. METHODS: Twenty-eight males (mean age: 22.18 ± 2.58 years) were included in the study. A 45-s static stretching (SS) exercise was applied to the right leg 5 times and dynamic stretching (DS) of same duration to the other leg. Change in MTU was assessed by ultrasonography and active and passive ROM was measured with goniometer. All evaluations were performed before, immediately following, 5-min, 15-min and 30-min after stretching. RESULTS: Muscle thickness and pennation angle did not change over time with either techniques (p> 0.05). A significant muscle-tendon junction (MTJ) displacement occurred after the techniques (p< 0.05); the highest change was achieved after DS (p< 0.05). Both techniques improved active ROM values similarly (p< 0.05), but only dynamic stretching increased passive ROM significantly (p< 0.05). Active and passive ROM and MTJ displacement values at 30th – min were still higher than the baseline ones on the DS side (p< 0.05). However, SS increased active ROM angle immediately after application but this increment declined until the final measurement. CONCLUSION: We recommend using the dynamic stretching technique to achieve greater and longer lasting increases in tendon length and range of motion.","PeriodicalId":54915,"journal":{"name":"Isokinetics and Exercise Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47159877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND: Dynamic stretching (DS) and ballistic stretching (BS) are similar stretching methods, but the differences between them are unclear. OBJECTIVE: To examine the immediate effects of unilateral hamstring DS and BS on straight leg raise (SLR), knee flexion range of motion (KF-ROM), and KF and knee extension maximal isokinetic peak torque (KF-MIPT and KE-MIPT) of the bilateral limbs. METHODS: Twelve healthy adult men performed four sets of 2 min each of non-stretching, DS, or BS of the right lower extremity. Bilateral SLR, KF-ROM, KF-MIPT, and KE-MIPT were measured pre- and post-intervention; a three-way (intervention × limb × time) repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used. RESULTS: The SLR of the stretched limb (p< 0.01) was higher with DS than that pre-intervention. SLR (p< 0.01) and KF-ROM (p< 0.05) of the stretched limb and SLR (p< 0.05) and KF-ROM (p< 0.05) of the contralateral limb were higher with BS than those pre-intervention. There was no significant main effect or interaction between KF-MIPT and KE-MIPT. CONCLUSION: DS and BS had slightly different effects on ROM, and neither affected muscle strength; thus, combining the techniques during warm-up might be helpful.
{"title":"Differential effects of dynamic and ballistic stretching on contralateral lower limb flexibility","authors":"Taisei Inoue, K. Nagano","doi":"10.3233/ies-220033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ies-220033","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Dynamic stretching (DS) and ballistic stretching (BS) are similar stretching methods, but the differences between them are unclear. OBJECTIVE: To examine the immediate effects of unilateral hamstring DS and BS on straight leg raise (SLR), knee flexion range of motion (KF-ROM), and KF and knee extension maximal isokinetic peak torque (KF-MIPT and KE-MIPT) of the bilateral limbs. METHODS: Twelve healthy adult men performed four sets of 2 min each of non-stretching, DS, or BS of the right lower extremity. Bilateral SLR, KF-ROM, KF-MIPT, and KE-MIPT were measured pre- and post-intervention; a three-way (intervention × limb × time) repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used. RESULTS: The SLR of the stretched limb (p< 0.01) was higher with DS than that pre-intervention. SLR (p< 0.01) and KF-ROM (p< 0.05) of the stretched limb and SLR (p< 0.05) and KF-ROM (p< 0.05) of the contralateral limb were higher with BS than those pre-intervention. There was no significant main effect or interaction between KF-MIPT and KE-MIPT. CONCLUSION: DS and BS had slightly different effects on ROM, and neither affected muscle strength; thus, combining the techniques during warm-up might be helpful.","PeriodicalId":54915,"journal":{"name":"Isokinetics and Exercise Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45191482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND: There are conflicting reports on the acute effects of stretching on muscle strength. Some studies report reduction in muscle strength however others report no change following stretching. OBJECTIVE: To assess the acute effects of static stretching (SS) of different durations on the isometric maximum voluntary contraction force (MVCF) of the calf muscle. METHODS: Pretest-posttest experimental design was used. Ten male participants (mean age 25.4 ± 2.11 years) participated in three experimental trials: SS for 2-minutes (SS2), 4-minutes (SS4), and 8-minutes (SS8). MVCF was measured before, immediately after, at 10- and 20-minutes post-stretch intervals. Each SS trial involved varied repetitions of 30-seconds stretches and 20-seconds relaxation periods. The isometric maximum voluntary contraction force (MVCF) was the outcome measure. RESULTS: SS2, SS4, and SS8 did not change the MVCF at 0-, 10- and 20-minutes post stretching intervals (p> 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: 2-, 4-, and 8-minutes intermittent SS did not change the isometric muscle strength in the Calf muscle up to 20 minutes after stretching and thus can safely be performed before those sporting events that require significant muscle strength.
{"title":"Time-based effects of different duration stretching on calf muscle strength","authors":"Masood Khan, A. Alghadir","doi":"10.3233/ies-220012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ies-220012","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: There are conflicting reports on the acute effects of stretching on muscle strength. Some studies report reduction in muscle strength however others report no change following stretching. OBJECTIVE: To assess the acute effects of static stretching (SS) of different durations on the isometric maximum voluntary contraction force (MVCF) of the calf muscle. METHODS: Pretest-posttest experimental design was used. Ten male participants (mean age 25.4 ± 2.11 years) participated in three experimental trials: SS for 2-minutes (SS2), 4-minutes (SS4), and 8-minutes (SS8). MVCF was measured before, immediately after, at 10- and 20-minutes post-stretch intervals. Each SS trial involved varied repetitions of 30-seconds stretches and 20-seconds relaxation periods. The isometric maximum voluntary contraction force (MVCF) was the outcome measure. RESULTS: SS2, SS4, and SS8 did not change the MVCF at 0-, 10- and 20-minutes post stretching intervals (p> 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: 2-, 4-, and 8-minutes intermittent SS did not change the isometric muscle strength in the Calf muscle up to 20 minutes after stretching and thus can safely be performed before those sporting events that require significant muscle strength.","PeriodicalId":54915,"journal":{"name":"Isokinetics and Exercise Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46695391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Souhail Bchini, N. Hammami, N. Ouerghi, D. Zalleg, A. Bouassida
BACKGROUND: Vertical jump is an index representing leg power. It is important to determine factors that influence the vertical jump to help athletes improve their leg power. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the relationship between lower limbs muscle volume and peak vertical jump (VJ) power in children for both sexes. METHODS: Fourty children healthy boys (n= 20) and girls (n= 20) aged 10 to 12 years old, randomly performed three VJ modalities: squat jump (SJ), counter movement jump without (CMJ) and with arm swings (CMJarms). Lower limbs muscle volume (MV) estimated using a standard anthropometric method. Peak power (PP) calculated by Sayers equation. RESULTS: significant correlations between MV and Peak vertical jump power showed for both sexes. Likewise, significant correlations were found between MV and body mass for boys (r= 0.66; p= 0.001) and for girls (r= 0.59; p= 0.006). CONCLUSIONS: The correlation observed between peak vertical jump power and MV in both sexes can be considered as estimation tool of the lower limbs muscle power. Lower limb’s muscle volume are determining factor in muscle power for both sexes.
{"title":"The relationship between lower limb muscle volume and peak vertical jump power in children","authors":"Souhail Bchini, N. Hammami, N. Ouerghi, D. Zalleg, A. Bouassida","doi":"10.3233/ies-220024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ies-220024","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Vertical jump is an index representing leg power. It is important to determine factors that influence the vertical jump to help athletes improve their leg power. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the relationship between lower limbs muscle volume and peak vertical jump (VJ) power in children for both sexes. METHODS: Fourty children healthy boys (n= 20) and girls (n= 20) aged 10 to 12 years old, randomly performed three VJ modalities: squat jump (SJ), counter movement jump without (CMJ) and with arm swings (CMJarms). Lower limbs muscle volume (MV) estimated using a standard anthropometric method. Peak power (PP) calculated by Sayers equation. RESULTS: significant correlations between MV and Peak vertical jump power showed for both sexes. Likewise, significant correlations were found between MV and body mass for boys (r= 0.66; p= 0.001) and for girls (r= 0.59; p= 0.006). CONCLUSIONS: The correlation observed between peak vertical jump power and MV in both sexes can be considered as estimation tool of the lower limbs muscle power. Lower limb’s muscle volume are determining factor in muscle power for both sexes.","PeriodicalId":54915,"journal":{"name":"Isokinetics and Exercise Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41633375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization (WHO) uses the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) model to provide physical therapy diagnoses and interventions. However, the relationship between clinical assessment and imaging remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the relationships between body function/structure, activity, and participation outcomes following neurorehabilitation in children with cerebral palsy (CP). METHODS: Nineteen children (9 girls mean age 8.8 ± 1.8 years) with CP participated in this study. Clinical motor function tests included the quality of upper extremity skills test (QUEST), Wolf motor function test (WMFT), Functional Independence Measure for Children (WeeFIM), and the Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test (JTHFT). Ultrasound imaging was used to measure muscle thickness, which characterizes the body structure, and activity domain variables. RESULTS: The correlations between body structure domain (muscle thickness), activity domain (QUEST, WMFT, WeeFIM) and participants variable (JTHFT) were significant, ranging from r=-0.484 to 0.893, P< 0.05. CONCLUSIONS: These novel findings suggest that muscle thickness ultrasound imaging is closely associated with WMFT, WeeFIM, and QUEST variables. This finding provides important clinical insights when using broad clinical assessment and imaging in children with CP.
{"title":"Relationship between clinical outcome measurements and muscle thickness in cerebral palsy","authors":"W. Oh, Chanhee Park","doi":"10.3233/ies-220058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ies-220058","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization (WHO) uses the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) model to provide physical therapy diagnoses and interventions. However, the relationship between clinical assessment and imaging remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the relationships between body function/structure, activity, and participation outcomes following neurorehabilitation in children with cerebral palsy (CP). METHODS: Nineteen children (9 girls mean age 8.8 ± 1.8 years) with CP participated in this study. Clinical motor function tests included the quality of upper extremity skills test (QUEST), Wolf motor function test (WMFT), Functional Independence Measure for Children (WeeFIM), and the Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test (JTHFT). Ultrasound imaging was used to measure muscle thickness, which characterizes the body structure, and activity domain variables. RESULTS: The correlations between body structure domain (muscle thickness), activity domain (QUEST, WMFT, WeeFIM) and participants variable (JTHFT) were significant, ranging from r=-0.484 to 0.893, P< 0.05. CONCLUSIONS: These novel findings suggest that muscle thickness ultrasound imaging is closely associated with WMFT, WeeFIM, and QUEST variables. This finding provides important clinical insights when using broad clinical assessment and imaging in children with CP.","PeriodicalId":54915,"journal":{"name":"Isokinetics and Exercise Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48035077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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