BACKGROUND: Most previous studies have focused on increasing hamstring flexibility when knee extension range of motion (KE ROM) is restricted. However, it was demonstrated that the tensile force generated in the upper body could be transmitted to the contralateral lower extremity. OBJECTIVE: This study examined the effect of novel diagonal stretching combining trunk rotation and trunk flexion on the contralateral KE ROM. METHODS: Two different positions (sitting with a neutral pelvis position and sitting with trunk rotation) were randomly selected and the contralateral and ipsilateral KE ROM was measured in each position. As for the stretching intervention, trunk rotation and slight trunk flexion were applied in sitting with a neutral pelvic position. RESULTS: On the contralateral side, KE ROM was significantly different in all pairwise comparisons (p< 0.001). On the ipsilateral side, a significant difference in KE ROM was only observed between measurements taken after stretching compared to measurements taken during trunk rotation (p= 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: The tensile force in the upper body significantly affects tissue extensibility in the lower extremity in the contralateral side, leading to the restriction of active maximum knee extension. Diagonal stretching techniques may successfully enhance mobility in the contralateral leg.
{"title":"Effect of novel diagonal stretching combining trunk rotation and trunk flexion on contralateral knee extension","authors":"W. Lim","doi":"10.3233/ies-220026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ies-220026","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Most previous studies have focused on increasing hamstring flexibility when knee extension range of motion (KE ROM) is restricted. However, it was demonstrated that the tensile force generated in the upper body could be transmitted to the contralateral lower extremity. OBJECTIVE: This study examined the effect of novel diagonal stretching combining trunk rotation and trunk flexion on the contralateral KE ROM. METHODS: Two different positions (sitting with a neutral pelvis position and sitting with trunk rotation) were randomly selected and the contralateral and ipsilateral KE ROM was measured in each position. As for the stretching intervention, trunk rotation and slight trunk flexion were applied in sitting with a neutral pelvic position. RESULTS: On the contralateral side, KE ROM was significantly different in all pairwise comparisons (p< 0.001). On the ipsilateral side, a significant difference in KE ROM was only observed between measurements taken after stretching compared to measurements taken during trunk rotation (p= 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: The tensile force in the upper body significantly affects tissue extensibility in the lower extremity in the contralateral side, leading to the restriction of active maximum knee extension. Diagonal stretching techniques may successfully enhance mobility in the contralateral leg.","PeriodicalId":54915,"journal":{"name":"Isokinetics and Exercise Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47717767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Koji Murofushi, Tomoki Oshikawa, Hiroshi Akuzawa, Daisuke Yamaguchi, K. Hirohata, H. Furuya, Sho Mitomo, K. Kaneoka, K. Yagishita
BACKGROUND: Trunk muscle activity during isometric exercise is altered by external-focus instruction. OBJECTIVE: To check alterations in trunk muscle activity during side plank exercise both with and without instructions to refrain from crushing an item (external-focus instruction method). METHODS: Twenty-one healthy men aged 20–49 participated in this study. Ten trunk muscle activities were measured using surface electromyography during side plank exercises both with and without external-focus instruction. The unpaired t-test or Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare differences between exercise tasks and between sides. RESULTS: Side plank exercise with external-focus instruction increased activity of the upper trapezius, lower trapezius, latissimus dorsi, medial head of the triceps, and internal oblique on the supported side when compared with that without external-focus instruction (p< 0.05 for all). On the unsupported side, side plank exercise with external-focus instruction significantly increased activity of the upper trapezius, lower trapezius, latissimus dorsi, medial head of the triceps, clavicular part of the pectoralis major serratus anterior, external oblique, rectus abdominis, internal oblique, and multifidus when compared with that without external-focus instruction (p< 0.001 for all). CONCLUSIONS: Adding the external-focus instruction method to the conventional side plank exercise may be effective in increasing the trunk muscles’ activity.
{"title":"Trunk muscle activation in side plank exercises with and without external-focus instruction","authors":"Koji Murofushi, Tomoki Oshikawa, Hiroshi Akuzawa, Daisuke Yamaguchi, K. Hirohata, H. Furuya, Sho Mitomo, K. Kaneoka, K. Yagishita","doi":"10.3233/ies-220016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ies-220016","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Trunk muscle activity during isometric exercise is altered by external-focus instruction. OBJECTIVE: To check alterations in trunk muscle activity during side plank exercise both with and without instructions to refrain from crushing an item (external-focus instruction method). METHODS: Twenty-one healthy men aged 20–49 participated in this study. Ten trunk muscle activities were measured using surface electromyography during side plank exercises both with and without external-focus instruction. The unpaired t-test or Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare differences between exercise tasks and between sides. RESULTS: Side plank exercise with external-focus instruction increased activity of the upper trapezius, lower trapezius, latissimus dorsi, medial head of the triceps, and internal oblique on the supported side when compared with that without external-focus instruction (p< 0.05 for all). On the unsupported side, side plank exercise with external-focus instruction significantly increased activity of the upper trapezius, lower trapezius, latissimus dorsi, medial head of the triceps, clavicular part of the pectoralis major serratus anterior, external oblique, rectus abdominis, internal oblique, and multifidus when compared with that without external-focus instruction (p< 0.001 for all). CONCLUSIONS: Adding the external-focus instruction method to the conventional side plank exercise may be effective in increasing the trunk muscles’ activity.","PeriodicalId":54915,"journal":{"name":"Isokinetics and Exercise Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43249736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. A. Al Attar, Hussain Ghulam, Saud Al Arifi, Amirah M. Akkam, Ahmed I. Alomar, Ross H. Sanders
BACKGROUND: The knee is one of the most common sites of injuries among soccer players. The incidence of knee injuries can be reduced by improving the neuromuscular control and core stability. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of injury prevention programs that include core stability exercises in reducing the incidence of knee injuries among soccer players. METHODS: Data were obtained from different databases (1985–2021). Only randomized controlled trials that used injury prevention programs that include core stability exercise to prevent knee injuries were included. The keywords used during the search were ‘knee injuries’, ‘core stability exercises’, ‘FIFA 11+’, ‘prevention of knee injuries’, ‘anterior cruciate ligament injury’ and variations of these search terms. RESULTS: The pooled results of 7828 soccer players and 863700 exposure h showed an overall injury reduction of 56% per 1000 h of exposure in the intervention group compared to the control group with an injury risk ratio of 0.44 (95% CI 0.321–0.619; P= 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Injury prevention programs that include core stability exercises reduce knee injury rates among soccer players by 56% (46% in male and 65% in female soccer players).
背景:膝盖是足球运动员最常见的受伤部位之一。通过改善神经肌肉控制和核心稳定性，可以减少膝关节损伤的发生率。目的:本研究旨在评估包括核心稳定性训练在内的损伤预防项目在减少足球运动员膝盖损伤发生率方面的有效性。方法:数据来自不同的数据库(1985-2021)。只纳入了随机对照试验，这些试验使用了包括核心稳定性锻炼在内的损伤预防方案来预防膝关节损伤。搜索过程中使用的关键词是“膝关节损伤”、“核心稳定性练习”、“FIFA 11+”、“膝关节损伤预防”、“前十字韧带损伤”以及这些搜索词的变体。结果:7828名足球运动员和863700名暴露时间的汇总结果显示，与对照组相比，干预组每1000小时暴露总损伤减少56%，损伤风险比为0.44 (95% CI 0.321-0.619;P = 0.001)。结论:包括核心稳定性训练在内的损伤预防项目使足球运动员的膝盖损伤率降低了56%(男性46%，女性65%)。
{"title":"The effectiveness of injury prevention programs that include core stability exercises in reducing the incidence of knee injury among soccer players: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"W. A. Al Attar, Hussain Ghulam, Saud Al Arifi, Amirah M. Akkam, Ahmed I. Alomar, Ross H. Sanders","doi":"10.3233/ies-220038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ies-220038","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: The knee is one of the most common sites of injuries among soccer players. The incidence of knee injuries can be reduced by improving the neuromuscular control and core stability. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of injury prevention programs that include core stability exercises in reducing the incidence of knee injuries among soccer players. METHODS: Data were obtained from different databases (1985–2021). Only randomized controlled trials that used injury prevention programs that include core stability exercise to prevent knee injuries were included. The keywords used during the search were ‘knee injuries’, ‘core stability exercises’, ‘FIFA 11+’, ‘prevention of knee injuries’, ‘anterior cruciate ligament injury’ and variations of these search terms. RESULTS: The pooled results of 7828 soccer players and 863700 exposure h showed an overall injury reduction of 56% per 1000 h of exposure in the intervention group compared to the control group with an injury risk ratio of 0.44 (95% CI 0.321–0.619; P= 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Injury prevention programs that include core stability exercises reduce knee injury rates among soccer players by 56% (46% in male and 65% in female soccer players).","PeriodicalId":54915,"journal":{"name":"Isokinetics and Exercise Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42075962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND: Postural control deficits are prevalent in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (CwHCP). Therefore, the best rehabilitative strategies for remediating these deficits are warranted, which could then enhance function. OBJECTIVE: To examine effects of a block versus an alternating sequence of balance training (BT) and plyometric training (PT) on postural control in CwHCP. METHODS: Forty-eight CwHCP (812 years) were randomized to a block or an alternating BT/PT training. The block BT/PT group (n= 24) received a sixweek BT followed by a sixweek PT, twice/week over 12 consecutive weeks. The alternating BT/PT group (n= 24) received an interchanging sequence of BT and PT changed every two weeks for 12 weeks. Postural control [center-of-pressure reaction time (RT), movement velocity (MV), maximum excursion (ME), end-point excursion (EE), and directional control (DC)], functional balance (indicated by pediatric balance scale; PBS), and balance/risk-of-falls during walking (denoted by dynamic gait index; DGI) were assessed before and after training. RESULTS: The block BT/PT group showed greater enhancements in postural control variables [RT (P= 0.004), MV (P= 0.028), ME (P= 0.002), EE (P= 0.003), and DC (P= 0.012)] and functional balance (P= 0.006), and lesser risk-of-falls during walking (P= 0.018) when compared to the alternating BT/PT group. CONCLUSION: The block BT/PT sequence is more effective to enhance postural control than the alternating sequence in CwHCP.
{"title":"Block-sequence of plyometric and balance training is superior to the alternating-sequence for enhancing motor function in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy: A comparative randomized clinical trial","authors":"R. Elnaggar, R. H. Diab, M. Alghadier, A. Azab","doi":"10.3233/ies-220005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ies-220005","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Postural control deficits are prevalent in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (CwHCP). Therefore, the best rehabilitative strategies for remediating these deficits are warranted, which could then enhance function. OBJECTIVE: To examine effects of a block versus an alternating sequence of balance training (BT) and plyometric training (PT) on postural control in CwHCP. METHODS: Forty-eight CwHCP (812 years) were randomized to a block or an alternating BT/PT training. The block BT/PT group (n= 24) received a sixweek BT followed by a sixweek PT, twice/week over 12 consecutive weeks. The alternating BT/PT group (n= 24) received an interchanging sequence of BT and PT changed every two weeks for 12 weeks. Postural control [center-of-pressure reaction time (RT), movement velocity (MV), maximum excursion (ME), end-point excursion (EE), and directional control (DC)], functional balance (indicated by pediatric balance scale; PBS), and balance/risk-of-falls during walking (denoted by dynamic gait index; DGI) were assessed before and after training. RESULTS: The block BT/PT group showed greater enhancements in postural control variables [RT (P= 0.004), MV (P= 0.028), ME (P= 0.002), EE (P= 0.003), and DC (P= 0.012)] and functional balance (P= 0.006), and lesser risk-of-falls during walking (P= 0.018) when compared to the alternating BT/PT group. CONCLUSION: The block BT/PT sequence is more effective to enhance postural control than the alternating sequence in CwHCP.","PeriodicalId":54915,"journal":{"name":"Isokinetics and Exercise Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41748406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Koji Murofushi, Tomoki Oshikawa, K. Kaneoka, Daisuke Yamaguchi, K. Hirohata, H. Furuya, Sho Mitomo, Hiroshi Akuzawa, K. Yagishita
BACKGROUND: External focus isometric exercises using a paper balloon can change trunk muscle activation in the chest squeeze; however, it is unknown whether this method affects muscle activities in conventional exercises. OBJECTIVE: To check variations of trunk muscle activity during front plank (static task) and shoulder press (dynamic task) both with and without instruction to avoid crushing an object. METHODS: Twenty-six healthy adult males aged 19–49 were recruited. Ten trunk muscle activities were measured using surface electromyography during a front plank and dynamic shoulder press exercises, both with and without external-focus instruction. RESULTS: Adding the external-focus using the paper balloon to the front plank significantly activated 8 out of the 10 muscles. In the downward shoulder press, 5 out of 10 muscles with 50% 1 RM, 2 out of 10 muscles with 100% 1 RM were significantly activated. CONCLUSIONS: Adding external-focus instruction using paper-balloon increases trunk muscles in front plank and shoulder press while possibly improving trunk stability. Novel exercises using paper balloon may efficiently activate specific muscles without external loading thus possibly reducing the stress on the involved joints during exercise.
{"title":"The effect of external-focus using a paper balloon on the activity of upper limb and trunk muscles during static and dynamic tasks","authors":"Koji Murofushi, Tomoki Oshikawa, K. Kaneoka, Daisuke Yamaguchi, K. Hirohata, H. Furuya, Sho Mitomo, Hiroshi Akuzawa, K. Yagishita","doi":"10.3233/ies-220029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ies-220029","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: External focus isometric exercises using a paper balloon can change trunk muscle activation in the chest squeeze; however, it is unknown whether this method affects muscle activities in conventional exercises. OBJECTIVE: To check variations of trunk muscle activity during front plank (static task) and shoulder press (dynamic task) both with and without instruction to avoid crushing an object. METHODS: Twenty-six healthy adult males aged 19–49 were recruited. Ten trunk muscle activities were measured using surface electromyography during a front plank and dynamic shoulder press exercises, both with and without external-focus instruction. RESULTS: Adding the external-focus using the paper balloon to the front plank significantly activated 8 out of the 10 muscles. In the downward shoulder press, 5 out of 10 muscles with 50% 1 RM, 2 out of 10 muscles with 100% 1 RM were significantly activated. CONCLUSIONS: Adding external-focus instruction using paper-balloon increases trunk muscles in front plank and shoulder press while possibly improving trunk stability. Novel exercises using paper balloon may efficiently activate specific muscles without external loading thus possibly reducing the stress on the involved joints during exercise.","PeriodicalId":54915,"journal":{"name":"Isokinetics and Exercise Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45183294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cameron S. Mackey, Ryan M. Thiele, D. Sanders, J. DeFreitas
OBJECTIVE: Having participants perform 50 maximal isokinetic contractions, as introduced by Thorstensson and Karlsson (1976), is to this day one of the most commonly used fatigue protocols. Purpose: To determine to what extent a Thorstensson fatiguing protocol affects isokinetic and isometric performance characteristics. METHODS: Twenty-five college-aged men performed an isokinetic fatigue protocol consisting of 50 maximal elbow flexions at a moderate speed (180∘⋅s-1). Pre- and post-tests were used to calculate fatigue indices (FI%) for the following variables: isometric and isokinetic peak torque (PT), isometric rate of torque development (RTD), and maximum acceleration (ACCmax). RESULTS: Each of the four dependent variables significantly decreased with fatigue (each demonstrated p< 0.001), but not of the same magnitude. Isometric PT FI (-18.7%) was significantly less than isokinetic PT FI (-45.1%, p⩽ 0.001) and ACCmax FI (-26.3%) was significantly less than isometric RTD FI (-54.9%, p⩽ 0.001). There was a significant positive relationship between isometric and isokinetic PT FI% (r= 0.60, p< 0.002) as well as between isometric PT FI% and RTD FI% (r= 0.40, p< 0.046). There was no significant relationship observed between RTD FI% and ACCmax FI% nor between isokinetic PT FI% and ACCmax FI%. CONCLUSIONS: This investigation observed different patterns of response in maximal strength between isometric and isokinetic assessments following a isokinetic fatigue protocol. Additionally, the ability to rapidly generate strength and velocity had significantly different responses to fatigue between isometric and dynamic assessments. Due to these different responses, we recommend that assessments of fatigue at least include the same testing modality as the modality of the fatigue protocol.
{"title":"Effects of a thorstensson fatiguing protocol on isometric and isokinetic performance","authors":"Cameron S. Mackey, Ryan M. Thiele, D. Sanders, J. DeFreitas","doi":"10.3233/ies-220010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ies-220010","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE: Having participants perform 50 maximal isokinetic contractions, as introduced by Thorstensson and Karlsson (1976), is to this day one of the most commonly used fatigue protocols. Purpose: To determine to what extent a Thorstensson fatiguing protocol affects isokinetic and isometric performance characteristics. METHODS: Twenty-five college-aged men performed an isokinetic fatigue protocol consisting of 50 maximal elbow flexions at a moderate speed (180∘⋅s-1). Pre- and post-tests were used to calculate fatigue indices (FI%) for the following variables: isometric and isokinetic peak torque (PT), isometric rate of torque development (RTD), and maximum acceleration (ACCmax). RESULTS: Each of the four dependent variables significantly decreased with fatigue (each demonstrated p< 0.001), but not of the same magnitude. Isometric PT FI (-18.7%) was significantly less than isokinetic PT FI (-45.1%, p⩽ 0.001) and ACCmax FI (-26.3%) was significantly less than isometric RTD FI (-54.9%, p⩽ 0.001). There was a significant positive relationship between isometric and isokinetic PT FI% (r= 0.60, p< 0.002) as well as between isometric PT FI% and RTD FI% (r= 0.40, p< 0.046). There was no significant relationship observed between RTD FI% and ACCmax FI% nor between isokinetic PT FI% and ACCmax FI%. CONCLUSIONS: This investigation observed different patterns of response in maximal strength between isometric and isokinetic assessments following a isokinetic fatigue protocol. Additionally, the ability to rapidly generate strength and velocity had significantly different responses to fatigue between isometric and dynamic assessments. Due to these different responses, we recommend that assessments of fatigue at least include the same testing modality as the modality of the fatigue protocol.","PeriodicalId":54915,"journal":{"name":"Isokinetics and Exercise Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42689633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tyler J. Neltner, J. V. Anders, Robert W. Smith, Jocelyn E. Arnett, Joshua L. Keller, T. Housh, Richard Schmidt, G. Johnson
BACKGROUND: Studies of coactivation have typically utilized single movement isometric or isokinetic fatiguing muscle actions. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the current study was to examine coactivation of the biceps brachii (BB) and triceps brachii (TB) in response to a maximal, reciprocal, isokinetic fatiguing task of the forearm flexors and extensors at slow (60∘/s) and moderate (180∘/s) isokinetic velocities in men. METHODS: Ten men (mean ± SD: age = 21.6 ± 1.3 years) completed 50 consecutive, maximal, reciprocal, isokinetic muscle actions of the right forearm flexors and extensors at 60 and 180∘/s. The amplitude (AMP) and mean power frequency (MPF) contents of the electromyographic (EMG) and mechanomyographic (MMG) signals from the BB and TB were recorded simultaneously throughout the fatiguing task. Repeated measures ANOVAs with Tukey post hocs were used to determine mean differences for the torque and neuromuscular parameters across repetitions. RESULTS: The torque analyses indicated greater fatigability at 180∘/s, compared to 60∘/s (p= 0.02). There were no significant changes in EMG AMP for either muscle during flexion or extension at 60∘/s (p> 0.05). At 180∘/s, there were significant increases in agonist EMG AMP (p= 0.01 to 0.004), however, no changes in antagonist EMG AMP (p> 0.05). For EMG MPF, there were significant decreases during flexion and extension (p< 0.001 to p= 0.02) at both velocities, collapsed across Muscle. There were no significant (p> 0.05) changes across repetition for MMG AMP or MPF. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicated velocity-specific responses to fatigue, with a greater magnitude of fatigability at 180∘/s. Furthermore, despite increases in EMG AMP of the agonist muscles at 180∘/s only, it was not sufficient to alter the ratio of coactivation, likely due to common neural drive between muscles. Thus, the decreases in torque in the present study were not attributable to increases in coactivation.
{"title":"Coactivation does not contribute to fatigue-induced decreases in torque during reciprocal, isokinetic muscle actions","authors":"Tyler J. Neltner, J. V. Anders, Robert W. Smith, Jocelyn E. Arnett, Joshua L. Keller, T. Housh, Richard Schmidt, G. Johnson","doi":"10.3233/ies-210229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ies-210229","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Studies of coactivation have typically utilized single movement isometric or isokinetic fatiguing muscle actions. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the current study was to examine coactivation of the biceps brachii (BB) and triceps brachii (TB) in response to a maximal, reciprocal, isokinetic fatiguing task of the forearm flexors and extensors at slow (60∘/s) and moderate (180∘/s) isokinetic velocities in men. METHODS: Ten men (mean ± SD: age = 21.6 ± 1.3 years) completed 50 consecutive, maximal, reciprocal, isokinetic muscle actions of the right forearm flexors and extensors at 60 and 180∘/s. The amplitude (AMP) and mean power frequency (MPF) contents of the electromyographic (EMG) and mechanomyographic (MMG) signals from the BB and TB were recorded simultaneously throughout the fatiguing task. Repeated measures ANOVAs with Tukey post hocs were used to determine mean differences for the torque and neuromuscular parameters across repetitions. RESULTS: The torque analyses indicated greater fatigability at 180∘/s, compared to 60∘/s (p= 0.02). There were no significant changes in EMG AMP for either muscle during flexion or extension at 60∘/s (p> 0.05). At 180∘/s, there were significant increases in agonist EMG AMP (p= 0.01 to 0.004), however, no changes in antagonist EMG AMP (p> 0.05). For EMG MPF, there were significant decreases during flexion and extension (p< 0.001 to p= 0.02) at both velocities, collapsed across Muscle. There were no significant (p> 0.05) changes across repetition for MMG AMP or MPF. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicated velocity-specific responses to fatigue, with a greater magnitude of fatigability at 180∘/s. Furthermore, despite increases in EMG AMP of the agonist muscles at 180∘/s only, it was not sufficient to alter the ratio of coactivation, likely due to common neural drive between muscles. Thus, the decreases in torque in the present study were not attributable to increases in coactivation.","PeriodicalId":54915,"journal":{"name":"Isokinetics and Exercise Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43153470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
OBJECTIVE: For years, the effects of music on exercise performance have been researched. Recovery is extremely important for athletes, and therefore any factor that could affect it is of importance. BACKGROUND: To assess the influence of listening to music on recovery after an anaerobic-exercise. METHOD: 25 male athletes (age 21.76 ± 1.84 years) visited the laboratory on two occasions over a week. They performed the Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT) test on two identical conditions but recovery was conducted ‘with’ and ‘without’ listening to music. Blood Lactate concentration values were determined at 1, 5, 10 and 15 minutes during the recovery from the exercise. Heart Rate (HR) values were determined every minute of the 15 minutes of recovery. RESULTS: There was no difference in the mean blood lactate concentration and HR during the recovery with and without music (p> 0.05). Results showed no significant differences between 2 recovery conditions in heart rate or blood lactate. CONCLUSIONS: Music cannot improve recovery after anaerobic performance and it cannot be used as a mean to enhance recovery after an anaerobic-performance.
{"title":"Effect of music on recovery after an anaerobic exercise","authors":"T. Atan","doi":"10.3233/ies-200254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ies-200254","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE: For years, the effects of music on exercise performance have been researched. Recovery is extremely important for athletes, and therefore any factor that could affect it is of importance. BACKGROUND: To assess the influence of listening to music on recovery after an anaerobic-exercise. METHOD: 25 male athletes (age 21.76 ± 1.84 years) visited the laboratory on two occasions over a week. They performed the Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT) test on two identical conditions but recovery was conducted ‘with’ and ‘without’ listening to music. Blood Lactate concentration values were determined at 1, 5, 10 and 15 minutes during the recovery from the exercise. Heart Rate (HR) values were determined every minute of the 15 minutes of recovery. RESULTS: There was no difference in the mean blood lactate concentration and HR during the recovery with and without music (p> 0.05). Results showed no significant differences between 2 recovery conditions in heart rate or blood lactate. CONCLUSIONS: Music cannot improve recovery after anaerobic performance and it cannot be used as a mean to enhance recovery after an anaerobic-performance.","PeriodicalId":54915,"journal":{"name":"Isokinetics and Exercise Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45067907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hilmaynne Renaly Fonseca Fialho, D. H. Kamonseki, Maycon Thomas Moises Jales, Gustavo Viotto Gonçalves, G. Barbosa, L. Calixtre
BACKGROUND: Reduced mobility of upper and lower limbs has been associated with injuries in athletes. The Combined Elevation Test (CET) and the Weight-Bearing Dorsiflexion Lunge Test (WBDLT) are frequently used in clinical and research settings in face-to-face evaluations. However, some situations require physical distancing, and it is unknown whether those tests via telehealth are reliable. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the intra-rater reliability, the Standard Error of Measurement (SEM), and the Minimum Detectable Change (MDC) for considering a real change on the CET and WBDLT were calculated for healthy athletes via telehealth. METHODS: 67 athletes (25 years, 73 kg, and 1.75 m on average) participated in this study. 37 athletes performed the CET and 50 performed the WBDLT (20 performed both tests). Reliability was assessed through two online evaluations (7 to 15-days apart). RESULTS: ICC3,3 ranged from 0.88–0.97 for the CET and from 0.95–0.98 for the WBDLT. For both tests, SEM values were low (< 8.9%) and the MDC90 was approximately 4 cm and 2 cm for the CET and WBDLT, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Telehealth-based findings relating to CET and WBDLT are reliable in healthy adult athletes and can be used to screen this population when face-to-face evaluations are not feasible.
{"title":"Intra-rater reliability of the combined elevation test and the weight-bearing dorsiflexion lunge test using telehealth in healthy athletes","authors":"Hilmaynne Renaly Fonseca Fialho, D. H. Kamonseki, Maycon Thomas Moises Jales, Gustavo Viotto Gonçalves, G. Barbosa, L. Calixtre","doi":"10.3233/ies-220018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ies-220018","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Reduced mobility of upper and lower limbs has been associated with injuries in athletes. The Combined Elevation Test (CET) and the Weight-Bearing Dorsiflexion Lunge Test (WBDLT) are frequently used in clinical and research settings in face-to-face evaluations. However, some situations require physical distancing, and it is unknown whether those tests via telehealth are reliable. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the intra-rater reliability, the Standard Error of Measurement (SEM), and the Minimum Detectable Change (MDC) for considering a real change on the CET and WBDLT were calculated for healthy athletes via telehealth. METHODS: 67 athletes (25 years, 73 kg, and 1.75 m on average) participated in this study. 37 athletes performed the CET and 50 performed the WBDLT (20 performed both tests). Reliability was assessed through two online evaluations (7 to 15-days apart). RESULTS: ICC3,3 ranged from 0.88–0.97 for the CET and from 0.95–0.98 for the WBDLT. For both tests, SEM values were low (< 8.9%) and the MDC90 was approximately 4 cm and 2 cm for the CET and WBDLT, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Telehealth-based findings relating to CET and WBDLT are reliable in healthy adult athletes and can be used to screen this population when face-to-face evaluations are not feasible.","PeriodicalId":54915,"journal":{"name":"Isokinetics and Exercise Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48928323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thomas Van Haele, L. Moerman, N. Duvigneaud, D. Van Tiggelen
BACKGROUND: In order to guide sports active subjects with musculoskeletal (MSK) shoulder dysfunctions itis essential to have precise insights of possible weak links in the kinetic chain of their shoulder girdle with access to reference data. Equally, it is uncertain whether so-called functional shoulder strength tests are complementary to an isokinetic shoulder strength test. OBJECTIVE: To establish reference values and to clarify the relationship between two upper extremity field tests – the Scapular Muscle Endurance test (SME) and the Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Test (CKCUEST) and the isokinetic strength test of the shoulder internal (IR) and external rotators (ER). METHODS: Seventy-six male sport active men performed the CKCUEST, the SME, and underwent a bilateral isokinetic strength test to establish reference values of the isokinetic shoulder relative to body mass Peak Moment (PM/kg) and Power (Power/kg) for the IR and ER. A mixed-design ANOVA calculated possible side-to-side differences and one-way ANOVA was applied for eventually age group differences. Additionally, the relationship between the three tests was examined with a Spearman rank-order correlation coefficient. RESULTS: No significant correlations were indicated between the SME and the criterion isokinetic test and between the SME and CKCUEST. CONCLUSIONS: The main outcome parameters in this study warrant individual assessment as they measure different constructs, leading to a diverse profile of the shoulder.
{"title":"Upper extremity field tests and isokinetic shoulder internal and external strength and power in sports active males","authors":"Thomas Van Haele, L. Moerman, N. Duvigneaud, D. Van Tiggelen","doi":"10.3233/ies-210128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ies-210128","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: In order to guide sports active subjects with musculoskeletal (MSK) shoulder dysfunctions itis essential to have precise insights of possible weak links in the kinetic chain of their shoulder girdle with access to reference data. Equally, it is uncertain whether so-called functional shoulder strength tests are complementary to an isokinetic shoulder strength test. OBJECTIVE: To establish reference values and to clarify the relationship between two upper extremity field tests – the Scapular Muscle Endurance test (SME) and the Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Test (CKCUEST) and the isokinetic strength test of the shoulder internal (IR) and external rotators (ER). METHODS: Seventy-six male sport active men performed the CKCUEST, the SME, and underwent a bilateral isokinetic strength test to establish reference values of the isokinetic shoulder relative to body mass Peak Moment (PM/kg) and Power (Power/kg) for the IR and ER. A mixed-design ANOVA calculated possible side-to-side differences and one-way ANOVA was applied for eventually age group differences. Additionally, the relationship between the three tests was examined with a Spearman rank-order correlation coefficient. RESULTS: No significant correlations were indicated between the SME and the criterion isokinetic test and between the SME and CKCUEST. CONCLUSIONS: The main outcome parameters in this study warrant individual assessment as they measure different constructs, leading to a diverse profile of the shoulder.","PeriodicalId":54915,"journal":{"name":"Isokinetics and Exercise Science","volume":"75 6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138529616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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