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Lower limb strength and training experience in elite and sub-elite female footballers 优秀与次优秀女足运动员下肢力量与训练经验
IF 0.7 4区 医学 Q3 Health Professions Pub Date : 2023-06-08 DOI: 10.3233/ies-230038
Ferdia Fallon Verbruggen, Mikulas Hank, Petr Miřátský, T. Malý, F. Zahálka
BACKGROUND: Strength differences between performance levels remain unclear in female football. Furthermore, the relationship between fulltime training and strength has been unexplored despite increased professionalisation in the sport. OBJECTIVE: The aims of this research were to examine knee flexor/extensor and hip adductor/abductor strength differences between elite and sub-elite female footballers, and then determine the relationship of strength performance to age, years of football experience (FE), and years of fulltime training (FTT). METHODS: 15 elite and 15 sub-elite professional female footballers were tested. The main outcomes were concentric isokinetic knee flexor and extensor peak moment at 60, 180, and 300∘/s, and isometric hip adductor (ADD) and abductor (ABD) force. RESULTS: The elite team had higher absolute (300∘/s: 47.13–49.33 Nm vs 37.33–38.93 Nm, p< 0.05) and normalised (300∘/s: 0.76–0.80 Nm/kg vs 0.59–0.62 Nm/kg, p< 0.05) knee flexor values, and higher normalised ADD (5.64–5.66 N/kg vs 4.98–5.05 N/kg, p< 0.05) and ABD force (5.80–6.00 N/kg vs 5.26–5.39 N/kg, p< 0.05), compared to the sub-elite team. Age, FE, and FTT were correlated to knee flexor values (r= 0.381–0.559, p< 0.05). Additionally, FTT was correlated with normalised ADD and ABD force (r= 0.362–0.546, p< 0.05). CONCLUSION: Sub-elite female footballers may require additional knee flexor and hip strengthening in order to make the step up to the elite level. Those who are younger or have low FTT may also be recommended additional lower limb strengthening ahead of joining a fulltime training environment.
背景:女子足球中不同表现水平的力量差异尚不清楚。此外,尽管这项运动的职业化程度越来越高,但全职训练和力量之间的关系尚未得到探索。目的:本研究的目的是检查优秀和次优秀女子足球运动员的膝关节屈/伸肌和髋关节内收/外展肌力量差异,然后确定力量表现与年龄、足球经验年数(FE)和全职训练年数(FTT)的关系。方法:对15名优秀和15名次优秀职业女足运动员进行测试。主要结果是60、180和300°/s时膝关节屈伸肌的同心等速峰值力矩,以及髋内收肌(ADD)和外展肌(ABD)的等速力。结果:与次精英组相比,精英组膝盖屈肌绝对值(300°/s: 47.13-49.33 Nm vs 37.33-38.93 Nm, p< 0.05)和归一化值(300°/s: 0.76-0.80 Nm/kg vs 0.59-0.62 Nm/kg, p< 0.05)较高,归一化ADD (5.64-5.66 N/kg vs 4.98-5.05 N/kg, p< 0.05)和ABD力(5.80-6.00 N/kg vs 5.26-5.39 N/kg, p< 0.05)较高。年龄、FE、FTT与膝关节屈肌值相关(r= 0.381 ~ 0.559, p< 0.05)。此外,FTT与标准化ADD和ABD力相关(r= 0.362 ~ 0.546, p< 0.05)。结论:次优秀的女足运动员可能需要额外的膝关节屈肌和髋关节强化才能达到优秀水平。那些年龄较小或FTT较低的人也可以在参加全日制训练环境之前进行额外的下肢强化训练。
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引用次数: 0
Isometric hip abduction and adduction strength ratios: A literature review with quantitative synthesis 等距髋外展和内收力量比:定量综合的文献综述
IF 0.7 4区 医学 Q3 Health Professions Pub Date : 2023-05-29 DOI: 10.3233/ies-220128
J. Marušič, Ž. Kozinc, V. Hadžić, N. Šarabon
BACKGROUND: Measurements of hip abduction (ABD) and adduction (ADD) are important in strength and conditioning as well as in clinical practice. However, there is no clear consensus on how ABD and ADD compare in strength in different populations. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to perform a quantitative synthesis of comparisons between the isometric strength of ABD and ADD in different populations. METHODS: ABD and ADD strength data were collected and pooled mean values for ABD: ADD strength ratio were calculated and expressed as standardized mean differences. Forty studies of healthy adults, 5 studies of healthy older adults and 14 studies of adults with various musculoskeletal injuries were included in the analysis. RESULTS: Healthy (non-athletic) males, healthy older adults, and adults with hip and groin pathologies or osteoarthritis tend to have the same ADD and ABD strength; male athletes tend to have a stronger ADD compared with ABD; healthy females and adults with patellofemoral pain tend to have a stronger ABD compared with ADD. CONCLUSIONS: These results can serve as a database to help compare and interpret measurements of ADD and ABD strength ratio in different populations.
背景:髋关节外展(ABD)和内收(ADD)的测量在力量训练和临床实践中都很重要。然而,对于ABD和ADD在不同人群中的强度比较,目前还没有明确的共识。目的:对不同人群中ABD和ADD的等长强度进行定量综合比较。方法:收集ABD和ADD强度数据,计算ABD:ADD强度比的合并平均值,并表示为标准化平均差。分析中包括40项针对健康成年人的研究、5项针对健康老年人的研究和14项针对患有各种肌肉骨骼损伤的成年人的研究。结果:健康(非运动型)男性、健康老年人以及患有髋关节和腹股沟病变或骨关节炎的成年人往往具有相同的ADD和ABD强度;与ABD相比,男性运动员往往有更强的ADD;与ADD相比,患有髌股疼痛的健康女性和成人往往具有更强的ABD。结论:这些结果可以作为一个数据库,帮助比较和解释不同人群中ADD和ABD强度比的测量结果。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of force adjustment modalities on characteristics for force generation and relaxation 力调节方式对力产生和松弛特性的影响
IF 0.7 4区 医学 Q3 Health Professions Pub Date : 2023-05-22 DOI: 10.3233/ies-220121
Chiaki Ohtaka, Motoko Fujiwara
BACKGROUND: The systematic characteristics of force generation and relaxation have been investigated using a graded isometric task for several target levels and magnitudes in the upper and lower limb. However, whether a relaxation modality affects the accuracy or speed of grading remains unclear. In addition, speed characteristics are still unclear in both force generation and relaxation modalities. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of force adjustment modalities on force generation and relaxation characteristics. METHODS: Participants were instructed to match a target force level as quickly and as accurately as possible under peak and keep adjustment modalities. The force generation task was increased from 10% to 30%, 50%, and 70% of the maximum voluntary force (MVF). The force relaxation task was decreased from 70% to 50%, 30%, and 10% MVF. The recorded force was analyzed. Errors in reproduction were computed in both modalities and target levels of force. RESULTS: The errors of the peak adjustment modality were greater than those of the keep adjustment modality in both tasks. The reaction time was longer with the peak adjustment modality than with the keep adjustment modality in both tasks. CONCLUSION: Speed was affected by the choice of adjustment modality.
背景:在上肢和下肢的几个目标水平和大小的分级等长任务中,研究了力产生和松弛的系统特征。然而,放松模式是否会影响评分的准确性或速度仍不清楚。此外,速度特性在力产生和松弛模式仍然不清楚。目的:探讨力调节方式对力产生和松弛特性的影响。方法:指导参与者在峰值下尽可能快速准确地匹配目标力水平,并保持调整模式。兵力生成任务从最大自愿兵力(MVF)的10%增加到30%、50%和70%。力松弛任务从70%减少到50%、30%和10% MVF。对记录的力进行分析。在复制过程中计算了两种方式和目标力水平的误差。结果:在两项任务中,峰值调整方式的误差均大于保持调整方式的误差。在两种任务中,峰调整模式下的反应时间都比保持调整模式下的反应时间长。结论:调整方式的选择影响调整速度。
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引用次数: 0
Comparison of tensiomyographic contractile properties of the knee muscles between endurance and power athletes 耐力运动员和力量运动员膝盖肌肉收缩特性的张力肌图比较
IF 0.7 4区 医学 Q3 Health Professions Pub Date : 2023-03-23 DOI: 10.3233/ies-230010
Matej Ipavec, Žiga Kukec, A. Kacin
BACKGROUND: Postactivation potentiation (PAP) enhances contractility of skeletal muscle whereas fatigue deteriorates it. Available evidence suggests that the two phenomena may express differently in endurance and power athletes. OBJECTIVE: To compare the patterns of change in knee muscle contractility induced by PAP and fatigue between endurance and power athletes. METHODS: Eleven endurance and ten power athletes (age: 18–33 years) performed isokinetic fatigue and isometric PAP protocols with knee extensors and flexors on computerised dynamometer. Tensiomyography (TMG) of the vastus medialis and semitendinosus muscle medialis was performed before the protocols and during a 10-min recovery. RESULTS: The changes in TMG profile were most pronounced in the vastus medialis of power athletes following the PAP protocol and least pronounced in the semitendinosus of the endurance athletes following the fatigue protocol. The differences between athlete types were most significant for the time-domain TMG parameters of vastus medialis. A significant correlation (r= 0.51–0.73) between the fatigue indices and changes in TMG parameters was observed for the vastus medialis muscle only. CONCLUSIONS: The results show that the TMG patterns of PAP and fatigue in the vastus muscle differ between endurance and power athletes. In this muscle, the changes in TMG parameters are also strongly associated with the degree of fatigue.
背景:激活后增强(PAP)增强骨骼肌的收缩力,而疲劳则使其恶化。现有证据表明,这两种现象在耐力和力量运动员中可能表现不同。目的:比较耐力运动员和力量运动员在PAP和疲劳引起的膝关节肌肉收缩性变化模式。方法:11名耐力运动员和10名力量运动员(年龄:18-33岁)在计算机测功机上对膝关节伸屈肌进行等速疲劳和等速PAP治疗。在手术前和10分钟恢复期间进行股内侧肌和半腱肌内侧肌张力图(TMG)检查。结果:在PAP方案下,力量运动员的股内侧肌的TMG变化最为明显,而在疲劳方案下,耐力运动员的半腱肌的TMG变化最不明显。不同类型运动员的股内侧肌时域TMG参数差异最显著。仅股内侧肌的疲劳指数与TMG参数变化之间存在显著相关(r= 0.51-0.73)。结论:耐力运动员和力量运动员的PAP和股肌疲劳的TMG模式存在差异。在这块肌肉中,TMG参数的变化也与疲劳程度密切相关。
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引用次数: 0
The relationship between jumping, acceleration, change of direction, and relative strength for deadlift and back squat 在硬举和后蹲中跳跃、加速、方向改变和相对力量之间的关系
IF 0.7 4区 医学 Q3 Health Professions Pub Date : 2023-03-23 DOI: 10.3233/ies-230009
Junpei Shiba, R. Kuramochi
BACKGROUND: Deadlift (DL) and back squat (BSQ) are considered different exercises because of their kinematic and kinetic characteristics. However, there are similarities, such as joint movement and the maximal muscle strength generated. Although there are differences and similarities, it is unclear which is more related to athletic performance. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the relationship between DL and jump, acceleration, and change of direction and compare whether DL or BSQ differ in their relationship to jumping, acceleration, and change of direction. METHODS: Eighty male volleyball players (age: 19.6 ± 0.9 years, height: 179.2 ± 6.7 cm, mass: 71.9 ± 9.4 kg) volunteered to participate in this study. Countermovement jump (CMJ), 10-m sprint, and 1–5 repetition maximum (1–5 RM) BSQ were measured on day 1. The T-test and 1–5 RM DL were measured on day 2. RESULTS: DL had a significant and moderate relationship with all parameters of CMJ (r= 0.328, p< 0.01), 10-m sprint (r=-0.471, p< 0.01), and T-test (r=-0.441, p< 0.01). BSQ showed a significant and moderate relationship with the 10-m sprint (r=-0.489, p< 0.01) and T-test (r=-0.356, p< 0.01), but a significant and weak relationship only with CMJ (r=- 0.289, p< 0.01). In addition, no significant differences were found in the comparison of correlation coefficients (p> 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Deadlift may be introduced as an alternative exercise to BSQ when there are limitations in the training environment, such as the lack of a squat rack to safely perform BSQ or home confinement due to external factors like pandemics.
背景:硬举(DL)和后蹲(BSQ)被认为是不同的运动,因为它们的运动学和动力学特性。但也有相似之处,比如关节运动和产生的最大肌肉力量。尽管有差异和相似之处,但尚不清楚哪一个与运动表现的关系更大。目的:本研究旨在确定DL与跳跃、加速和改变方向的关系,并比较DL与BSQ在跳跃、加速和改变方向的关系上是否存在差异。方法:80名男子排球运动员(年龄:19.6±0.9岁,身高:179.2±6.7 cm,体重:71.9±9.4 kg)自愿参加本研究。第1天测定逆动作跳跃(CMJ)、10米冲刺和1 - 5次重复最大值(1 - 5 RM) BSQ。第2天进行t检验和1-5 RM DL测定。结果:DL与CMJ (r= 0.328, p< 0.01)、10米冲刺(r=-0.471, p< 0.01)、t检验(r=-0.441, p< 0.01)各参数均有显著、中度相关。BSQ与10米冲刺(r=-0.489, p< 0.01)和t检验(r=-0.356, p< 0.01)呈显著、中度相关,与CMJ呈显著、弱相关(r=- 0.289, p< 0.01)。相关系数比较差异无统计学意义(p < 0.05)。结论:在训练环境受限的情况下,例如由于传染病等外部因素缺乏安全的深蹲架或家中限制,硬举可以作为BSQ的替代运动。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of different pelvic-drop exercises on hip muscles activity in patients with gluteus medius weakness 不同骨盆下降运动对臀中肌无力患者髋部肌肉活动的影响
IF 0.7 4区 医学 Q3 Health Professions Pub Date : 2023-03-16 DOI: 10.3233/ies-220125
Seung-min Baik, Ji-Hyun Lee
BACKGROUND: Pelvic-drop exercise (PD) is unilateral weight-bearing exercise that is frequently performed in rehabilitation sessions because its easy application can trigger moderate-to-high gluteus medius (Gmed) activity. Hip rotation has been applied to effectively facilitate Gmed activity during exercise. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of PD with three different hip rotations on Gmed, tensor fasciae latae (TFL), gluteus maximus (Gmax) activity, and Gmed:TFL activity ratio in patients with Gmed weakness. METHODS: Eighteen subjects with Gmed weakness participated. Subjects performed three different forms of PD with neutral hip, hip internal rotation, and hip external rotation position. Surface electromyography was performed to quantify the activity of Gmed, TFL, and Gmax. RESULTS: PD with hip internal rotation showed significantly greater Gmed activity than with neutral hip and hip external rotation (P= 0.005 and P= 0.007, respectively). TFL also showed significantly greater activity during PD with hip interna rotation than neutral hip (P= 0.002). There were no significant differences in Gmax activity (P= 0.095) and Gmed:TFL activity ratio (P= 0.254) among different forms of PD. CONCLUSIONS: PD with hip internal rotation is recommended to stimulate greater Gmed activity while preserving Gmed:TFL muscle activity ratio.
背景:骨盆下垂运动(PD)是一种单侧负重运动,在康复过程中经常进行,因为它的简单应用可以引发中高臀中肌(Gmed)活动。髋关节旋转已被应用于有效促进运动期间的Gmed活动。目的:确定三种不同髋关节旋转PD对Gmed无力患者的Gmed、阔筋膜张肌(TFL)、臀大肌(Gmax)活动和Gmed:TFL活动比率的影响。方法:18名Gmed弱的受试者参与。受试者进行了三种不同形式的PD,分别为中性髋关节、髋关节内旋和髋关节外旋体位。进行表面肌电图以量化Gmed、TFL和Gmax的活性。结果:髋关节内旋PD的Gmed活性明显高于中性髋关节和髋关节外旋PD(分别为P=0.005和P=0.007)。在髋关节内旋的PD过程中,TFL的活性也明显高于中性髋关节(P=0.002)。不同形式的PD的Gmax活性(P=0.095)和Gmed:TFL活性比(P=0.024)没有显著差异。结论:建议髋关节内旋转的PD在保持Gmed:TFL肌肉活性比的同时刺激更大的Gmed活性。
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引用次数: 0
The importance of gluteal muscle strength in dynamic pelvic stability of fatigued female endurance road runners 臀肌力量在疲劳女子耐力公路跑者骨盆动态稳定性中的重要性
IF 0.7 4区 医学 Q3 Health Professions Pub Date : 2023-03-16 DOI: 10.3233/ies-230008
Michelle de Meillon, M. Keegan, Darren Kwong, A. Green
BACKGROUND: Recently there has been a rise in female participation in running yet the female population is under-researched in sport specific research. Locally, many female athletes annually compete in numerous ultra-marathons (> 42 km). OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the importance of Gluteal muscle strength in dynamic pelvic stability of fatigued female endurance road runners. METHODS: Fourteen female endurance runners (age: 38.0 ± 10.12 years, BMI: 21.99 ± 2.37 kg/m2, and VO2max: 40 ± 5.34 ml/min/kg) volunteered for the participation of this study. Through isokinetic testing, muscle strength and fatigability of the Gluteus Maximus, Medius and Minimus was determined. Sign tests compared pelvis stability (unilateral Trendelenburg, Pelvic Bridge test and pelvic stability through a gait analysis) before and after an endurance run on a cambered and flat surface. Participants were divided into two groups based on change in pelvic stability after the fatigue intervention. RESULTS: The unaffected group was moderately younger; lighter in weight and had a lower BMI. Additionally, this group was largely more experienced (p= 0.61, d= 1.341); aerobically fit and ran significantly longer weekly distances (p= 0.002, d= 3.4). There was no statistical difference in isokinetic testing of strength and endurance hip flexion/extension and abduction/adduction between the two groups (p> 0.05). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the group that was more experienced and ran longer weekly distances showed no change in pelvic stability after an endurance run. However, the group that showed changes in pelvic stability suggests that fatigue could be a contributing factor to pelvic compensation. It is recommended that female endurance runners incorporate strength training to strengthen the Gluteal and Hip Flexor muscle groups to reduce pelvic compensation.
背景:近年来,女性参与跑步的人数有所增加,但在体育专项研究中,对女性人群的研究不足。在当地,许多女运动员每年都会参加许多超级马拉松比赛(>42公里)。目的:本研究探讨了臀肌力量在疲劳女性耐力公路跑者骨盆动态稳定性中的重要性。方法:14名女性耐力跑者(年龄:38.0±10.12岁,BMI:21.99±2.37 kg/m2,VO2max:40±5.34 ml/min/kg)自愿参与本研究。通过等速测试,测定了大、中、小臀肌的肌力和疲劳能力。体征测试比较了在弯曲平坦表面上进行耐力跑前后的骨盆稳定性(单侧Trendelenburg、骨盆桥测试和通过步态分析的骨盆稳定性)。根据疲劳干预后骨盆稳定性的变化,参与者被分为两组。结果:未受影响组年龄适中;体重较轻,BMI较低。此外,这一组的经验更丰富(p=0.61,d=1.341);两组在力量和耐力髋关节屈曲/伸展和外展/内收的等速测试中没有统计学差异(p>0.05)。结论:总之,经验更丰富、每周跑得更远的那一组在耐力跑后骨盆稳定性没有变化。然而,显示骨盆稳定性变化的小组表明,疲劳可能是骨盆补偿的一个促成因素。建议女性耐力跑者进行力量训练,以增强臀肌和髋屈肌群,减少骨盆补偿。
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引用次数: 0
Acute effects of vibration foam rolling on the explosive strength properties of the plantarflexors during maximal isometric contraction 振动泡沫滚动对跖屈肌最大等长收缩时爆发强度特性的急性影响
IF 0.7 4区 医学 Q3 Health Professions Pub Date : 2023-03-13 DOI: 10.3233/ies-220118
Aleksandar Borisavljević, Filip Kukić, M. Ćosić, Goran Janković, M. Dopsaj
BACKGROUND: Foam roller with vibration is a recent development and its implementation has not yet been provided with a sufficient scientific justification. Information on whether an implementation of vibration foam rolling for self-massage before the powerful muscular activities is a good strategy is scarce. OBJECTIVE: Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the acute effects of a single 15-s and 60-s vibrating foam rolling treatment on muscle contractile properties during maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC). METHODS: Twenty healthy and recreationally active subjects participated in this study. During first visit, baseline characteristics were collected, while on the second and third visit they performed a 15-s and a 60-s vibration foam rolling treatment, respectively. Their maximal force (F)max and rate of force development (RFDmax) were assessed using the MVIC of plantarflexors. RESULTS: The RFDmax was negatively affected (p⩽ 0.05) after the 15-s treatment and 60-s treatment, staying reduced even after 10-min of recovery. No significant effects were observed for Fmax. CONCLUSIONS: When implementing vibration foam rolling, either as a pre-workout activity or as a pre-competition treatment, caution should be taken. Short duration treatment should be avoided for activities were RFDmax has a significant impact on performance.
背景:振动泡沫辊是一种新的发展,其实施尚未提供足够的科学依据。关于在强有力的肌肉活动之前实施振动泡沫滚动进行自我按摩是否是一种好策略的信息很少。目的:因此,本研究的目的是确定单次15秒和60秒振动泡沫滚动治疗对最大自主等长收缩(MVIC)期间肌肉收缩特性的急性影响。方法:20名健康且有娱乐活动的受试者参与本研究。在第一次访视期间,收集基线特征,而在第二次和第三次访视时,他们分别进行了15秒和60秒的振动泡沫滚动处理。使用跖屈肌的MVIC评估他们的最大力(F)max和力发展率(RFDmax)。结果:15秒和60秒治疗后,RFDmax受到负面影响(p⩽0.05),即使在恢复10分钟后仍保持下降。Fmax未观察到显著影响。结论:在实施振动泡沫滚动时,无论是作为锻炼前活动还是作为赛前治疗,都应谨慎。如果RFDmax对表现有显著影响,则应避免短期治疗。
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引用次数: 0
The effects of a structured physiotherapy program on pulmonary function and walking capacity in obese and non-obese adults undergoing cardiac surgery 结构化理疗方案对接受心脏手术的肥胖和非肥胖成年人肺功能和行走能力的影响
IF 0.7 4区 医学 Q3 Health Professions Pub Date : 2023-02-20 DOI: 10.3233/ies-220077
M. Shaphe
BACKGROUND: Obesity is thought to be a risk factor for cardiopulmonary diseases due to changed pulmonary mechanics. It also drastically lowers functional capability in both males and females. A routine physiotherapy program has been shown to be effective in the prevention and treatment of cardiopulmonary diseases. It also significantly increases functional capacity following coronary artery bypass grafting. However, the effect of a structured physiotherapy program in obese and non-obese patients has not been well explored. As such, the objective of this study is to determine the effect of a standardized physiotherapy program on pulmonary function and walking capacity in obese and non-obese patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. METHODS: A prospective study was conducted on 50 obese (age 57.2 ± 6.3 Y) and non-obese (age 56.6 ± 5.7 Y) adults who were schedule for coronary artery bypass grafting. Their body mass index was used to separate them into two groups. Both groups followed a structured physiotherapy program from day 1 to day 7 post cardiac surgery. Both groups underwent spirometry test at baseline (preoperatively) and after day 4 and day 7 postoperatively as well as a six-minute walk test at baseline and on day 7 postoperatively. RESULTS: At baseline, obese individuals had significantly lower pulmonary and physical functioning. On postoperative day 4, both groups deteriorated, although the obese group deterioration was worse, in most of the pulmonary parameters. On postoperative day 7, both groups improved, though the non-obese group improved at a faster rate. In contrary, it was observed that the obese group improved more rapidly in terms of functional capacity. CONCLUSIONS: The study indicated that the outcomes of a structured physiotherapy program following coronary artery bypass grafting were different for persons who were obese compared to those who were not. Adipose tissue variations surrounding the rib cage, diaphragm, and visceral cavity may account for the observed rate of change between the two groups. Therefore, it is apparent that a new strategy for managing obese individuals who have undergone CABG is required.
背景:由于肺力学的改变,肥胖被认为是心肺疾病的危险因素。它还大大降低了男性和女性的功能能力。常规物理治疗方案已被证明在预防和治疗心肺疾病方面是有效的。它还显著提高了冠状动脉搭桥术后的功能能力。然而,结构化理疗计划对肥胖和非肥胖患者的影响尚未得到很好的探索。因此,本研究的目的是确定标准化理疗程序对接受冠状动脉搭桥术的肥胖和非肥胖患者肺功能和行走能力的影响。方法:对50名计划接受冠状动脉搭桥术的肥胖(年龄57.2±6.3岁)和非肥胖(年龄56.6±5.7岁)成年人进行前瞻性研究。他们的体重指数被用来将他们分成两组。两组患者在心脏手术后第1天至第7天均遵循结构化物理治疗方案。两组均在基线(术前)、术后第4天和第7天进行肺活量测试,并在基线和术后第7天接受6分钟步行测试。结果:在基线时,肥胖个体的肺功能和身体功能显著降低。术后第4天,两组的大多数肺部参数都有所恶化,尽管肥胖组的恶化更严重。术后第7天,两组都有所改善,但非肥胖组的改善速度更快。相反,观察到肥胖组在功能能力方面改善得更快。结论:研究表明,在冠状动脉搭桥术后,肥胖者和非肥胖者的结构化物理治疗计划的结果不同。胸腔、膈肌和内脏腔周围的脂肪组织变化可能是两组之间观察到的变化率的原因。因此,很明显,需要一种新的策略来管理接受CABG的肥胖个体。
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引用次数: 0
Pitch release speed predictors for division I collegiate baseball players 一级大学棒球运动员投球释放速度预测指标
IF 0.7 4区 医学 Q3 Health Professions Pub Date : 2023-02-09 DOI: 10.3233/ies-220133
Zach Farrel, A. Cocco, E. Dichiara, Paul C. Jones, B. C. Skutnik, Ryan L. Crotin, Ernie Rimer, P. Ivey, J. Caruso
BACKGROUND: Analytics, to quantify baseball pitch metrics, take on many forms and are unlike earlier methods to assess performance. OBJECTIVE: Quantify associations of flight kinematic and anthropometric variables on pitch release speed. METHODS: Male college-age pitchers (n= 182) from 2021 Division I games provided data. A 3D radar system collected data. Fixed effects regression OLS models analyzed data for sliders, changeups, curveballs, and fastballs. RESULTS: Spin rate (r= 0.017–0.514, p< 0.05) and vertical break (r= 0.374–0.703, p< 0.05) were positively associated with pitch release speed per pitch type. Release height (r=-0.286–0.051, p<-0.05) and pitch extension (r=-0.176–0.43, p< 0.05) were negatively associated with pitch release speed per pitch type except sliders. Spin axis had a negative association with pitch release speed for fastballs (r=-0.235, p< 0.05) and sliders (r=-0.311, p< 0.05), and a positive association (r= 0.029, p< 0.05) with curveball pitch release speed. Weight only related to pitch release speed for fastballs (r=-0.315, p< 0.05). Height did not impact pitch release speed. CONCLUSIONS: Results refute long-held beliefs of anthropometry’s influence on performance and instead reveal flight kinematics’ impact on baseball pitch release speed.
背景:分析,量化棒球球场指标,采取多种形式,不同于早期的方法来评估表现。目的:量化飞行运动学和人体测量变量与俯仰释放速度的关系。方法:来自2021年甲级联赛的男性大学年龄投手(n= 182)提供了数据。一个三维雷达系统收集数据。固定效应回归OLS模型分析了滑球、变速球、曲线球和快速球的数据。结果:旋转速率(r= 0.017 ~ 0.514, p< 0.05)和垂直断裂(r= 0.374 ~ 0.703, p< 0.05)与每节距类型的节距释放速度呈正相关。释放高度(r=-0.286 ~ 0.051, p<-0.05)和节距延伸(r=-0.176 ~ 0.43, p< 0.05)与除滑块外各节距类型的节距释放速度呈负相关。自旋轴与快速球(r=-0.235, p< 0.05)和滑球(r=-0.311, p< 0.05)的俯仰释放速度呈负相关,与曲线球的俯仰释放速度呈正相关(r= 0.029, p< 0.05)。重量只与快速球的投球释放速度有关(r=-0.315, p< 0.05)。高度不影响俯仰释放速度。结论:研究结果反驳了长期以来关于人体测量对运动表现影响的观点,而是揭示了飞行运动学对棒球投球释放速度的影响。
{"title":"Pitch release speed predictors for division I collegiate baseball players","authors":"Zach Farrel, A. Cocco, E. Dichiara, Paul C. Jones, B. C. Skutnik, Ryan L. Crotin, Ernie Rimer, P. Ivey, J. Caruso","doi":"10.3233/ies-220133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ies-220133","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Analytics, to quantify baseball pitch metrics, take on many forms and are unlike earlier methods to assess performance. OBJECTIVE: Quantify associations of flight kinematic and anthropometric variables on pitch release speed. METHODS: Male college-age pitchers (n= 182) from 2021 Division I games provided data. A 3D radar system collected data. Fixed effects regression OLS models analyzed data for sliders, changeups, curveballs, and fastballs. RESULTS: Spin rate (r= 0.017–0.514, p< 0.05) and vertical break (r= 0.374–0.703, p< 0.05) were positively associated with pitch release speed per pitch type. Release height (r=-0.286–0.051, p<-0.05) and pitch extension (r=-0.176–0.43, p< 0.05) were negatively associated with pitch release speed per pitch type except sliders. Spin axis had a negative association with pitch release speed for fastballs (r=-0.235, p< 0.05) and sliders (r=-0.311, p< 0.05), and a positive association (r= 0.029, p< 0.05) with curveball pitch release speed. Weight only related to pitch release speed for fastballs (r=-0.315, p< 0.05). Height did not impact pitch release speed. CONCLUSIONS: Results refute long-held beliefs of anthropometry’s influence on performance and instead reveal flight kinematics’ impact on baseball pitch release speed.","PeriodicalId":54915,"journal":{"name":"Isokinetics and Exercise Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45232954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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Isokinetics and Exercise Science
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