Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2025-12-30DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpvp.2025.105739
Feng Yu , Jian Fang , Mingcheng Sun , Feng Zhang , Jianwei Zhang , Yingzhi Li
To address the demand for rapid, non-destructive, and accurate characterization of ultra-high-strength oil casing steels in H2S-containing environments, this study combined standard tests with the instrumented spherical indentation test (ISIT) to evaluate the tensile properties, fracture toughness, and post-hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC) performance of three XCoMo-series steels (Q125, Q140, Q165). Key findings: 1) The three steels broke the strength-toughness trade-off, with Q165 showing the best performance due to the synergy of grain refinement and alloy strengthening. 2) Validated against ISO standards, ISIT achieved prediction errors of ≤10 % for yield stress, ≤5 % for ultimate tensile stress, and ≤15 % for fracture toughness, enabling non-destructive, and rapid in-situ characterization. 3) After HIC exposure, all three steels showed an elastic modulus decrease of ≥25.4 % with grade-specific strength response characteristics, while Q165 maintained the smallest fracture toughness reduction (3.3 %). Notably, ISIT realized quantitative characterization of HIC-induced performance degradation, successfully filling the evaluation gap of traditional HIC tests and providing direct data support for performance degradation assessment.
{"title":"Assessment of tensile properties and fracture toughness of ultra-high-strength oil casing steels via instrumented spherical indentation test","authors":"Feng Yu , Jian Fang , Mingcheng Sun , Feng Zhang , Jianwei Zhang , Yingzhi Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2025.105739","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2025.105739","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the demand for rapid, non-destructive, and accurate characterization of ultra-high-strength oil casing steels in H<sub>2</sub>S-containing environments, this study combined standard tests with the instrumented spherical indentation test (ISIT) to evaluate the tensile properties, fracture toughness, and post-hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC) performance of three XCoMo-series steels (Q125, Q140, Q165). Key findings: 1) The three steels broke the strength-toughness trade-off, with Q165 showing the best performance due to the synergy of grain refinement and alloy strengthening. 2) Validated against ISO standards, ISIT achieved prediction errors of ≤10 % for yield stress, ≤5 % for ultimate tensile stress, and ≤15 % for fracture toughness, enabling non-destructive, and rapid in-situ characterization. 3) After HIC exposure, all three steels showed an elastic modulus decrease of ≥25.4 % with grade-specific strength response characteristics, while Q165 maintained the smallest fracture toughness reduction (3.3 %). Notably, ISIT realized quantitative characterization of HIC-induced performance degradation, successfully filling the evaluation gap of traditional HIC tests and providing direct data support for performance degradation assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 105739"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145876934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-01-17DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpvp.2026.105760
Ting Jin , Yang Liu , Dasheng Wang , Yuebao Lei , Yuebing Li
The limit loads of typical cylinder nozzles with an internal corner crack under combined internal pressure, nozzle axial force and nozzle bending moment are investigated. A plate model with a through-wall crack representing the nozzle hole and the corner crack is recommended for estimating the local limit loads of the corner crack under complex loading conditions. This model is verified by comparing the J values estimated via the reference stress method in R6 using the local limit loads obtained from the plate model and the elastoplastic FE J results for 320 cases. The results show that the FE J results can be predicted reasonably and conservatively by the reference stress method when the local limit load is used. In other words, the local limit load estimated using the plate model is conservative when it is used in structural integrity assessment of the nozzle structures with corner cracks.
{"title":"Local limit load for RPV nozzles with corner cracks under combined internal pressure and nozzle external loads","authors":"Ting Jin , Yang Liu , Dasheng Wang , Yuebao Lei , Yuebing Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2026.105760","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2026.105760","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The limit loads of typical cylinder nozzles with an internal corner crack under combined internal pressure, nozzle axial force and nozzle bending moment are investigated. A plate model with a through-wall crack representing the nozzle hole and the corner crack is recommended for estimating the local limit loads of the corner crack under complex loading conditions. This model is verified by comparing the <em>J</em> values estimated via the reference stress method in R6 using the local limit loads obtained from the plate model and the elastoplastic FE <em>J</em> results for 320 cases. The results show that the FE <em>J</em> results can be predicted reasonably and conservatively by the reference stress method when the local limit load is used. In other words, the local limit load estimated using the plate model is conservative when it is used in structural integrity assessment of the nozzle structures with corner cracks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 105760"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146038244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ultrasonic guided wave-based pipeline defect detection is crucial for achieving efficient and cost-effective structural health monitoring of pipelines. However, signal attenuation and noise interference during wave propagation severely hinder the accurate identification of defect signals. To address this challenge, a Time-Frequency Attention Network (TFA_Net) is proposed, integrating time-frequency domain signal processing with deep learning techniques to improve defect recognition accuracy and enhance noise robustness in ultrasonic guided wave signals. First, the Ultrasonic Guided Wave Defect Dataset (UGW-Dataset) was established, including experimental and simulated data, covering cracks and corrosion defects of various sizes and shapes. Next, a time-frequency attention block (TFA_Block) was designed in TFA_Net to perform multi-scale feature extraction in both time and frequency domains, enabling effective capture of global and local characteristics of defect signals. Experimental results demonstrate that TFA_Net achieves a defect recognition accuracy of 99.4 % on the UGW-Dataset, confirming its exceptional feature extraction and defect recognition capabilities. Furthermore, TFA_Block significantly enhances the robustness of TFA_Net within the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) range from 40 dB to 10 dB, effectively mitigating the negative impact of noise on recognition accuracy. This study provides an efficient and noise-resilient approach for defect recognition in pipeline structural health monitoring (SHM).
{"title":"TFA_Net: A time-frequency attention network for enhancing defect recognition and noise robustness in ultrasonic guided wave pipeline inspection","authors":"Yunliang Zhao , Donglin Tang , Chao Ding , Heng Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2025.105735","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2025.105735","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ultrasonic guided wave-based pipeline defect detection is crucial for achieving efficient and cost-effective structural health monitoring of pipelines. However, signal attenuation and noise interference during wave propagation severely hinder the accurate identification of defect signals. To address this challenge, a Time-Frequency Attention Network (TFA_Net) is proposed, integrating time-frequency domain signal processing with deep learning techniques to improve defect recognition accuracy and enhance noise robustness in ultrasonic guided wave signals. First, the Ultrasonic Guided Wave Defect Dataset (UGW-Dataset) was established, including experimental and simulated data, covering cracks and corrosion defects of various sizes and shapes. Next, a time-frequency attention block (TFA_Block) was designed in TFA_Net to perform multi-scale feature extraction in both time and frequency domains, enabling effective capture of global and local characteristics of defect signals. Experimental results demonstrate that TFA_Net achieves a defect recognition accuracy of 99.4 % on the UGW-Dataset, confirming its exceptional feature extraction and defect recognition capabilities. Furthermore, TFA_Block significantly enhances the robustness of TFA_Net within the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) range from 40 dB to 10 dB, effectively mitigating the negative impact of noise on recognition accuracy. This study provides an efficient and noise-resilient approach for defect recognition in pipeline structural health monitoring (SHM).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 105735"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145883893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2025-12-26DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpvp.2025.105734
You Li , Bieerlan Jianayihan , Zhenyu Wang , Peng Jiao , Chaoxu Guan , Hao Huang
2.25Cr1Mo0.25V steel is widely adopted in critical high-temperature components across the petrochemical and power energy sectors. Owing to extended service under harsh conditions, creep rupture emerges as the primary failure mode encountered in this steel. However, the limited availability of creep data significantly constrains the efficacy of conventional empirical and data-driven techniques in accurately predicting the creep life of 2.25Cr1Mo0.25V steel. To address this issue, a novel methodology was introduced for predicting the creep life of 2.25Cr1Mo0.25V steel, utilizing cross-material transfer learning (TL), automatic hyperparameter optimization (auto-HPO), and Bagging ensemble techniques. Here, three TL strategies were developed and evaluated: a baseline network, a variant augmented with weight coefficients (W-TL network), and a dual-enhanced model incorporating both weight coefficients and residual connections (W-Res-TL model). Meanwhile, four auto-HPO algorithms—Random, TPE, Naive Evolution, and Anneal—were implemented over an extensive hyperparameter search space. During the auto-HPO process, the performance of TL was evaluated through 5-fold cross-validation, utilizing Smooth L1 Loss as the metric. Results demonstrated that the W-Res-TL network, when integrated with Naive Evolution, exhibits superior performance. Thus, an ensemble comprising 100 instances of this network was developed. The resulting Bagging model was systematically discussed with respect to accuracy, extrapolation performance, and SHAP-based interpretability. Accuracy assessment showed that the W-Res-TL Bagging model consistently attains high predictive precision on both the training and test sets. Extrapolation analysis suggested that the W-Res-TL Bagging model demonstrates strong generalization capabilities across a broad spectrum of temperatures and stresses, without yielding any non-physical results. SHAP analysis substantiated the model's interpretability by elucidating the contribution of input features to its predictions. Moreover, the performance of proposed creep life modeling framework was demonstrated to surpass that of the traditional Larson-Miller method as well as six widely employed machine learning (ML) algorithms. This can be attributed to the effective capability of the W-Res-TL approach in capturing and transferring the inherent creep knowledge of CrMo steels to 2.25Cr1Mo0.25V steel. This study can facilitate the accurate and rapid prediction of creep life for materials characterized by scarce creep data.
{"title":"Creep life prediction of 2.25Cr1Mo0.25V steel using cross-material transfer learning, automatic hyperparameter optimization, and Bagging ensemble","authors":"You Li , Bieerlan Jianayihan , Zhenyu Wang , Peng Jiao , Chaoxu Guan , Hao Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2025.105734","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2025.105734","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>2.25Cr1Mo0.25V steel is widely adopted in critical high-temperature components across the petrochemical and power energy sectors. Owing to extended service under harsh conditions, creep rupture emerges as the primary failure mode encountered in this steel. However, the limited availability of creep data significantly constrains the efficacy of conventional empirical and data-driven techniques in accurately predicting the creep life of 2.25Cr1Mo0.25V steel. To address this issue, a novel methodology was introduced for predicting the creep life of 2.25Cr1Mo0.25V steel, utilizing cross-material transfer learning (TL), automatic hyperparameter optimization (auto-HPO), and Bagging ensemble techniques. Here, three TL strategies were developed and evaluated: a baseline network, a variant augmented with weight coefficients (W-TL network), and a dual-enhanced model incorporating both weight coefficients and residual connections (W-Res-TL model). Meanwhile, four auto-HPO algorithms—Random, TPE, Naive Evolution, and Anneal—were implemented over an extensive hyperparameter search space. During the auto-HPO process, the performance of TL was evaluated through 5-fold cross-validation, utilizing Smooth L1 Loss as the metric. Results demonstrated that the W-Res-TL network, when integrated with Naive Evolution, exhibits superior performance. Thus, an ensemble comprising 100 instances of this network was developed. The resulting Bagging model was systematically discussed with respect to accuracy, extrapolation performance, and SHAP-based interpretability. Accuracy assessment showed that the W-Res-TL Bagging model consistently attains high predictive precision on both the training and test sets. Extrapolation analysis suggested that the W-Res-TL Bagging model demonstrates strong generalization capabilities across a broad spectrum of temperatures and stresses, without yielding any non-physical results. SHAP analysis substantiated the model's interpretability by elucidating the contribution of input features to its predictions. Moreover, the performance of proposed creep life modeling framework was demonstrated to surpass that of the traditional Larson-Miller method as well as six widely employed machine learning (ML) algorithms. This can be attributed to the effective capability of the W-Res-TL approach in capturing and transferring the inherent creep knowledge of CrMo steels to 2.25Cr1Mo0.25V steel. This study can facilitate the accurate and rapid prediction of creep life for materials characterized by scarce creep data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 105734"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145883897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2025-12-16DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpvp.2025.105731
Yukun Li , Shuang Zhao , Lu Jiang , Yi Li , Xinlei Wu , Siyuan Ren , Baipeng Ding , Buyun Huang
X80 pipeline steel is widely used in long-distance oil and gas transportation due to its high strength and toughness. However, reducing wall thickness to cut costs can lead to stress concentration during forming and under external loads. Since stress can significantly alter the magnetic properties of ferromagnetic materials, magnetic characterization techniques provide a promising approach for stress evaluation; Nevertheless, variations in magnetic parameters caused by plastic strain introduce challenges in accurate stress assessment. In this study, we performed a series of uniaxial tension tests to introduce different levels of plastic strain and identified two hardening stages: an internal stress-dominated stage and a dislocation density-dominated stage. Corresponding models were used to describe their influence on magnetic behavior. Based on the energy minimization principle, the relationship between coercivity and stress under uniaxial loading was derived. A magneto-mechanical behavior model for the elastoplastic stage was then established by incorporating the effect of internal stress and dislocation density. The coercivity variation under combined elastic-plastic deformation was subsequently analyzed. Theoretical predictions show good agreement with experimental results, and a representative example was presented to demonstrate the model's applicability in engineering contexts.
{"title":"A magneto-mechanical model for X80 pipeline steel considering elastoplastic deformation","authors":"Yukun Li , Shuang Zhao , Lu Jiang , Yi Li , Xinlei Wu , Siyuan Ren , Baipeng Ding , Buyun Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2025.105731","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2025.105731","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>X80 pipeline steel is widely used in long-distance oil and gas transportation due to its high strength and toughness. However, reducing wall thickness to cut costs can lead to stress concentration during forming and under external loads. Since stress can significantly alter the magnetic properties of ferromagnetic materials, magnetic characterization techniques provide a promising approach for stress evaluation; Nevertheless, variations in magnetic parameters caused by plastic strain introduce challenges in accurate stress assessment. In this study, we performed a series of uniaxial tension tests to introduce different levels of plastic strain and identified two hardening stages: an internal stress-dominated stage and a dislocation density-dominated stage. Corresponding models were used to describe their influence on magnetic behavior. Based on the energy minimization principle, the relationship between coercivity and stress under uniaxial loading was derived. A magneto-mechanical behavior model for the elastoplastic stage was then established by incorporating the effect of internal stress and dislocation density. The coercivity variation under combined elastic-plastic deformation was subsequently analyzed. Theoretical predictions show good agreement with experimental results, and a representative example was presented to demonstrate the model's applicability in engineering contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 105731"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145790325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2025-12-19DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpvp.2025.105736
Yuxuan Wu, Cuixiang Pei, Zhenmao Chen
Ultrasonic total focusing imaging method (TFM) with using full matrix capture (FMC) has been widely used for high-resolution imaging of internal flaws in metal structures. However, the detection ability of the ultrasonic TFM for deep and small flaw in thick structures is limited, due to the limited signal energy with a single excitation element in each testing. In this paper, an enhanced ultrasonic TFM with pulse compression and phase coherence is proposed for small flaw inspection in thick-walled structures. Numerical simulations are performed to validate the feasibility of combining pulse compression and phase coherence to enhance the performance of TFM. Furthermore, an enhanced ultrasonic TFM testing system is developed. Experimental results demonstrate that the both the SNR and detecting sensitivity for small flaws in thick-walled structures are significantly improved with the proposed method.
{"title":"An enhanced ultrasonic total focusing method combining pulse compression and phase coherence for thick-walled metal structures","authors":"Yuxuan Wu, Cuixiang Pei, Zhenmao Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2025.105736","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2025.105736","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ultrasonic total focusing imaging method (TFM) with using full matrix capture (FMC) has been widely used for high-resolution imaging of internal flaws in metal structures. However, the detection ability of the ultrasonic TFM for deep and small flaw in thick structures is limited, due to the limited signal energy with a single excitation element in each testing. In this paper, an enhanced ultrasonic TFM with pulse compression and phase coherence is proposed for small flaw inspection in thick-walled structures. Numerical simulations are performed to validate the feasibility of combining pulse compression and phase coherence to enhance the performance of TFM. Furthermore, an enhanced ultrasonic TFM testing system is developed. Experimental results demonstrate that the both the SNR and detecting sensitivity for small flaws in thick-walled structures are significantly improved with the proposed method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 105736"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145883894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2025-11-27DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpvp.2025.105709
Xu Zhang , Xing He , Kechun Shen , Xinhu Zhang , Qiaogao Huang , Guang Pan
Accurately predicting the buckling behavior of cylindrical hulls under uniform external pressure remains a significant challenge. While the perturbation probing method shows promise for determining rational design loads for such structures, it has not been thoroughly investigated. This study proposes a deterministic buckling design method based on the perturbation concept, introducing an artificial imperfection pattern via a single radial perturbation displacement. We applied this method to corrugated cylindrical hulls with variable wall thickness under uniform external pressure to validate the rationality of the hull design. Furthermore, the impact of manufacturing geometric imperfections on hull buckling behavior was revisited, demonstrating that the proposed method provides robust design buckling loads. Finally, a comparative analysis was performed between corrugated cylindrical hulls and conventional cylindrical hulls of equivalent theoretical mass, focusing on their buckling responses under various geometric imperfections. The results indicate that the corrugated cylindrical hulls achieve higher design buckling loads and exhibit lower defect sensitivity compared to their conventional counterparts. The proposed buckling design method also provides valuable insights for improving the design of other stiffened cylindrical hulls.
{"title":"Buckling design of corrugated cylindrical hulls with variable wall thickness under uniform external pressure–Simulation and validation","authors":"Xu Zhang , Xing He , Kechun Shen , Xinhu Zhang , Qiaogao Huang , Guang Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2025.105709","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2025.105709","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurately predicting the buckling behavior of cylindrical hulls under uniform external pressure remains a significant challenge. While the perturbation probing method shows promise for determining rational design loads for such structures, it has not been thoroughly investigated. This study proposes a deterministic buckling design method based on the perturbation concept, introducing an artificial imperfection pattern via a single radial perturbation displacement. We applied this method to corrugated cylindrical hulls with variable wall thickness under uniform external pressure to validate the rationality of the hull design. Furthermore, the impact of manufacturing geometric imperfections on hull buckling behavior was revisited, demonstrating that the proposed method provides robust design buckling loads. Finally, a comparative analysis was performed between corrugated cylindrical hulls and conventional cylindrical hulls of equivalent theoretical mass, focusing on their buckling responses under various geometric imperfections. The results indicate that the corrugated cylindrical hulls achieve higher design buckling loads and exhibit lower defect sensitivity compared to their conventional counterparts. The proposed buckling design method also provides valuable insights for improving the design of other stiffened cylindrical hulls.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 105709"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145618456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2025-11-20DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpvp.2025.105707
Jacek Tomków, Grzegorz Rogalski
In this paper the behavior of the API 5L X65 pipeline steel during underwater wet welding with application of temper bead welding (TBW) was investigated. For tests, pad welded sample and T-joints were welded. All specimens were performed by manual metal arc welding (MMA) method with the usage of rutile covered electrodes. For investigations, the non-destructive (NDT) tests – visual test, and destructive tests – metallographic macro- and microscopic, Vickers HV10 hardness measurements and chemical analysis by Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) were used. Performed experiments state that API 5L X65 steel could be welded in underwater conditions by wet welding method. Proposed technique provides for tempering the brittle microstructures in the heat-affected zone (HAZ). Moreover, it was proved that TBW allows lowering susceptibility to cold cracking, by decreasing the hardness by 30–50 HV10.
{"title":"Behavior of API 5L X65 pipeline steel in underwater wet welding conditions by applying temper bead welding technique","authors":"Jacek Tomków, Grzegorz Rogalski","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2025.105707","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2025.105707","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper the behavior of the API 5L X65 pipeline steel during underwater wet welding with application of temper bead welding (TBW) was investigated. For tests, pad welded sample and T-joints were welded. All specimens were performed by manual metal arc welding (MMA) method with the usage of rutile covered electrodes. For investigations, the non-destructive (NDT) tests – visual test, and destructive tests – metallographic macro- and microscopic, Vickers HV10 hardness measurements and chemical analysis by Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) were used. Performed experiments state that API 5L X65 steel could be welded in underwater conditions by wet welding method. Proposed technique provides for tempering the brittle microstructures in the heat-affected zone (HAZ). Moreover, it was proved that TBW allows lowering susceptibility to cold cracking, by decreasing the hardness by 30–50 HV10.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 105707"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145618455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2025-12-04DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpvp.2025.105725
Xinbo Yu , Xinhua Wang , Xiaoqiu Ma , Lianhua Ma , Biao Wang , Zisheng Guo , Qinmeng Wang
The dynamic mechanical properties of austenitic stainless steels (ASS) for cryogenic liquid rocket engine applications exhibit strong temperature and strain rate dependence. However, traditional quasi-static constitutive frameworks are inadequate for characterizing the rate-sensitive properties of these materials at cryogenic temperatures. Hence, a dynamic constitutive model incorporating wide cryogenic temperature and strain rate effects is essential for precise ASS mechanical behavior prediction. To overcome the inherent limitations of the classical JC model in describing phase transformation strengthening, this study developed an improved JC constitutive model based on the rule of mixtures. This model explicitly incorporates the martensite volume fraction as a key internal variable into the flow stress equation, thereby simultaneously characterizing strain rate effects and phase transformation-induced hardening within a unified theoretical framework. Subsequently, the proposed model was rigorously validated using 42 experimental tensile datasets from various ASS under uniaxial tensile loading, demonstrating consistent accuracy across wide temperature ranges (77–298K), large pre-strains (up to 22 %), and broad strain rates (10−3–3270s−1). Finally, to evaluate the effectiveness of the new model in numerical simulations, the modified JC constitutive model was embedded into the commercial finite element package ABAQUS via the explicit user subroutine VUMAT interface. The numerical simulations successfully captured the dynamic constitutive behavior of ASS under wide temperatures (110–298K) and high strain rates (1550 s−1 and 3270 s−1). The results demonstrate that the improved JC constitutive model effectively characterizes the mechanical behavior of ASS across wide temperature and strain rate ranges. This work provides a physically motivated and phenomenological framework that paves the way for the future lightweight design and safety assessment of cryogenic propellant pipes and tanks in liquid rocket engines.
{"title":"A modified Johnson-Cook constitutive model for austenitic stainless steel under wide cryogenic temperature and strain rate ranges","authors":"Xinbo Yu , Xinhua Wang , Xiaoqiu Ma , Lianhua Ma , Biao Wang , Zisheng Guo , Qinmeng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2025.105725","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2025.105725","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The dynamic mechanical properties of austenitic stainless steels (ASS) for cryogenic liquid rocket engine applications exhibit strong temperature and strain rate dependence. However, traditional quasi-static constitutive frameworks are inadequate for characterizing the rate-sensitive properties of these materials at cryogenic temperatures. Hence, a dynamic constitutive model incorporating wide cryogenic temperature and strain rate effects is essential for precise ASS mechanical behavior prediction. To overcome the inherent limitations of the classical JC model in describing phase transformation strengthening, this study developed an improved JC constitutive model based on the rule of mixtures. This model explicitly incorporates the martensite volume fraction as a key internal variable into the flow stress equation, thereby simultaneously characterizing strain rate effects and phase transformation-induced hardening within a unified theoretical framework. Subsequently, the proposed model was rigorously validated using 42 experimental tensile datasets from various ASS under uniaxial tensile loading, demonstrating consistent accuracy across wide temperature ranges (77–298K), large pre-strains (up to 22 %), and broad strain rates (10<sup>−3</sup>–3270s<sup>−1</sup>). Finally, to evaluate the effectiveness of the new model in numerical simulations, the modified JC constitutive model was embedded into the commercial finite element package ABAQUS via the explicit user subroutine VUMAT interface. The numerical simulations successfully captured the dynamic constitutive behavior of ASS under wide temperatures (110–298K) and high strain rates (1550 s<sup>−1</sup> and 3270 s<sup>−1</sup>). The results demonstrate that the improved JC constitutive model effectively characterizes the mechanical behavior of ASS across wide temperature and strain rate ranges. This work provides a physically motivated and phenomenological framework that paves the way for the future lightweight design and safety assessment of cryogenic propellant pipes and tanks in liquid rocket engines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 105725"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145737103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2025-11-19DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpvp.2025.105706
Dongkuk Choi , Sooyong Lee , Hak Gu Lee , Sang-Woo Kim , Moonsung Cho
This paper is a study of self-pressurization behavior and tank weight comparisons according to the dimension of cryogenic LH2 fuel tanks. To compare the self-pressurization and structural weight of cryogenic LH2 fuel tanks, thermal and structural analyses were performed on a tandem-type tank with hemispherical heads. The maximum internal pressure generated in the tank was estimated by predicting the self-pressurization behavior of LH2, and structural analysis was carried out by applying maximum pressure as a structural load. The structural weight of the tank was predicted by designing the thickness of the tank wall to withstand the maximum pressure. The existence of a non-spherical tank shape dimension condition that minimizes the structural weight of a tandem-type liquid hydrogen fuel tank was confirmed. This condition includes insulation, though dependent on the ratio of the tank radius to the cylinder length as well as tank design pressure condition.
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