International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping最新文献

英文中文

Study on the effect of tempering temperature on the properties of Cr-Mo steel in high-pressure gaseous hydrogen

IF 3 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping

Pub Date : 2025-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpvp.2025.105449

Zhenquan Zhang, Kai Ma, Ruiming Zhang, Jiangchuan Hu, Wenzhu Peng

Quenched and tempered Cr-Mo steel is commonly used in the construction of seamless hydrogen storage vessels. The resistance of such material to hydrogen embrittlement is significantly influenced by its strength and microstructure, both of which are closely related to the tempering temperature during heat treatment. Thus, optimizing the tempering temperature can potentially enhance the performance of Cr-Mo steel in high-pressure gaseous hydrogen and extend the fatigue life of seamless hydrogen storage vessels. In this study, seamless hydrogen storage vessels designed for a pressure of 50 MPa were tempered at temperatures ranging from 580 °C to 660 °C. Specimens sampled from these vessels were subjected to fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) tests and threshold stress intensity factor for hydrogen-assisted cracking (K_IH) tests in 50 MPa gaseous hydrogen, and hydrogen permeation tests were also conducted. Additionally, a fatigue life analysis of the vessels was performed using the fracture mechanics method based on the test results of Cr-Mo steel. The results indicate that increasing tempering temperature reduces the FCGR and improves K_IH of Cr-Mo steel in high-pressure gaseous hydrogen, thereby extending the fatigue life of seamless hydrogen storage vessels. Simultaneously, the increase in tempering temperature leads to a greater quantity and more dispersed distribution of precipitated carbides. These carbides, serving as irreversible hydrogen traps, effectively hinder the diffusion of hydrogen atoms, which is a key factor contributing to the enhanced resistance of Cr-Mo steel to hydrogen embrittlement with higher tempering temperatures.

{"title":"Study on the effect of tempering temperature on the properties of Cr-Mo steel in high-pressure gaseous hydrogen","authors":"Zhenquan Zhang, Kai Ma, Ruiming Zhang, Jiangchuan Hu, Wenzhu Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2025.105449","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2025.105449","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Quenched and tempered Cr-Mo steel is commonly used in the construction of seamless hydrogen storage vessels. The resistance of such material to hydrogen embrittlement is significantly influenced by its strength and microstructure, both of which are closely related to the tempering temperature during heat treatment. Thus, optimizing the tempering temperature can potentially enhance the performance of Cr-Mo steel in high-pressure gaseous hydrogen and extend the fatigue life of seamless hydrogen storage vessels. In this study, seamless hydrogen storage vessels designed for a pressure of 50 MPa were tempered at temperatures ranging from 580 °C to 660 °C. Specimens sampled from these vessels were subjected to fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) tests and threshold stress intensity factor for hydrogen-assisted cracking (<em>K</em><sub>IH</sub>) tests in 50 MPa gaseous hydrogen, and hydrogen permeation tests were also conducted. Additionally, a fatigue life analysis of the vessels was performed using the fracture mechanics method based on the test results of Cr-Mo steel. The results indicate that increasing tempering temperature reduces the FCGR and improves <em>K</em><sub>IH</sub> of Cr-Mo steel in high-pressure gaseous hydrogen, thereby extending the fatigue life of seamless hydrogen storage vessels. Simultaneously, the increase in tempering temperature leads to a greater quantity and more dispersed distribution of precipitated carbides. These carbides, serving as irreversible hydrogen traps, effectively hinder the diffusion of hydrogen atoms, which is a key factor contributing to the enhanced resistance of Cr-Mo steel to hydrogen embrittlement with higher tempering temperatures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 105449"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143165587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Failure analysis and waveform structure optimization of bending and torsion composite deformation of metal bellows

IF 3 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping

Pub Date : 2025-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpvp.2025.105445

Haoshan Guo , Yongzhi Xuan , Wenchao Qiao , Weipeng Liu , Junting Luo

Metal bellows in industrial pipeline systems are often subjected to complex loads, which are excellent in compensating for axial displacement, lateral dislocation, and torsional deformation in the system. Based on the finite element simulation of the bending–torsion composite deformation of metal bellows, this paper obtained the mutual coupling influence law between bending and torsion resistance and the influence law of waveform structure parameters on the bending–torsion resistance of metal bellows. Additionally, the waveform structure parameters with the best bending-torsion resistance were optimized. The bending–torsion composite deformation test and fracture microscopic characterization were performed, and the bending–torsion composite deformation characteristics and fracture failure mechanism of the metal bellows were analyzed. The results revealed that under the combined action of bending and torsion, the cracks first appeared in multiple trough positions, and with the enhancement of torsion, the cracks exhibited a spiral expansion to the adjacent waveforms on both sides. After optimization, the elastic limit bending line displacement and elastic limit torsion angle displacement of the metal bellows increased by 33 %, which improved the bending–torsion composite deformation performance of the metal bellows and the service life. After optimization, numerous dimples of similar size were evenly distributed on the fracture surface of the metal bellows. This indicated that the stress distribution was uniform, which effectively improved the bending–torsion composite deformation performance of the metal bellows.

{"title":"Failure analysis and waveform structure optimization of bending and torsion composite deformation of metal bellows","authors":"Haoshan Guo , Yongzhi Xuan , Wenchao Qiao , Weipeng Liu , Junting Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2025.105445","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2025.105445","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metal bellows in industrial pipeline systems are often subjected to complex loads, which are excellent in compensating for axial displacement, lateral dislocation, and torsional deformation in the system. Based on the finite element simulation of the bending–torsion composite deformation of metal bellows, this paper obtained the mutual coupling influence law between bending and torsion resistance and the influence law of waveform structure parameters on the bending–torsion resistance of metal bellows. Additionally, the waveform structure parameters with the best bending-torsion resistance were optimized. The bending–torsion composite deformation test and fracture microscopic characterization were performed, and the bending–torsion composite deformation characteristics and fracture failure mechanism of the metal bellows were analyzed. The results revealed that under the combined action of bending and torsion, the cracks first appeared in multiple trough positions, and with the enhancement of torsion, the cracks exhibited a spiral expansion to the adjacent waveforms on both sides. After optimization, the elastic limit bending line displacement and elastic limit torsion angle displacement of the metal bellows increased by 33 %, which improved the bending–torsion composite deformation performance of the metal bellows and the service life. After optimization, numerous dimples of similar size were evenly distributed on the fracture surface of the metal bellows. This indicated that the stress distribution was uniform, which effectively improved the bending–torsion composite deformation performance of the metal bellows.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 105445"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143165589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigations of hydrogen diffusion and embrittlement behavior in tempered high-strength carbon steel AISI 4130

IF 3 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping

Pub Date : 2025-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpvp.2025.105447

Yuman Sun, Wenhong Ding, Mingquan Li, Yongshan Li, Xiaoxuan Lu, Zuwei Gan

This study investigated the role of hydrogen accumulation within microstructure in hydrogen embrittlement (HE) susceptibility of tempered AISI 4130 steel. The mechanical properties and fracture behaviors of the steel were investigated using slow strain rate tensile (SSRT) tests. The microstructure was characterized by electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD), while the hydrogen distribution within the microstructure was assessed through the hydrogen microprint technique (HMT) test and crystal plasticity finite element modeling. The results demonstrated that hydrogen preferentially accumulates at prior austenite grain (PAG) boundaries in hydrogen pre-charged samples due to heterogeneous stress distribution within the microstructure. The fracture surface morphology analysis of hydrogen-induced cracks (HIC) along PAG boundaries verified the role of stress localization in promoting hydrogen accumulation and initiating HIC, which is characteristic in line with the hydrogen-enhanced decohesion mechanism. This study demonstrated that the HE susceptibility decreases with an increase in tempered temperature from 500 °C to 600 °C, which correlates with a decrease in grain boundary density and the corresponding reduction of the initiation sites of HIC. This correlation is evidenced by the decreased percentage of the brittle area observed in fracture surface morphology. This work provides insights into the intricate interplay between microstructure, hydrogen accumulation, and HE susceptibility in tempered AISI 4130 steel, which can contribute to the development of more reliable high-pressure hydrogen storage vessels.

{"title":"Investigations of hydrogen diffusion and embrittlement behavior in tempered high-strength carbon steel AISI 4130","authors":"Yuman Sun, Wenhong Ding, Mingquan Li, Yongshan Li, Xiaoxuan Lu, Zuwei Gan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2025.105447","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2025.105447","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the role of hydrogen accumulation within microstructure in hydrogen embrittlement (HE) susceptibility of tempered AISI 4130 steel. The mechanical properties and fracture behaviors of the steel were investigated using slow strain rate tensile (SSRT) tests. The microstructure was characterized by electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD), while the hydrogen distribution within the microstructure was assessed through the hydrogen microprint technique (HMT) test and crystal plasticity finite element modeling. The results demonstrated that hydrogen preferentially accumulates at prior austenite grain (PAG) boundaries in hydrogen pre-charged samples due to heterogeneous stress distribution within the microstructure. The fracture surface morphology analysis of hydrogen-induced cracks (HIC) along PAG boundaries verified the role of stress localization in promoting hydrogen accumulation and initiating HIC, which is characteristic in line with the hydrogen-enhanced decohesion mechanism. This study demonstrated that the HE susceptibility decreases with an increase in tempered temperature from 500 °C to 600 °C, which correlates with a decrease in grain boundary density and the corresponding reduction of the initiation sites of HIC. This correlation is evidenced by the decreased percentage of the brittle area observed in fracture surface morphology. This work provides insights into the intricate interplay between microstructure, hydrogen accumulation, and HE susceptibility in tempered AISI 4130 steel, which can contribute to the development of more reliable high-pressure hydrogen storage vessels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 105447"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143164442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Characterization of quasi-cleavage fracture of pre-strained X80 pipeline steel subjected to SSRT tests in gas hydrogen

IF 3 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping

Pub Date : 2025-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpvp.2025.105448

Shiyao Peng , Yan-Hui Zhang , Chong Chai , Yebin Pei , Daowu Zhou , Can Tian

Most hydrogen embrittlement (HE) mechanisms involve interaction between hydrogen and dislocations. The interaction depends on dislocation density and time for hydrogen to diffuse. This study investigated the HE behaviour and determined the cleavage cracking characteristics of an X80 pipeline steel by carrying out slow strain rate tensile (SSRT) tests on specimens with different levels of pre-strain and at different strain rates in gaseous hydrogen and examination of the cracking and fracture and characteristics. Pre-straining history and a slower strain rate increased the tendency of the pipeline steel to HE. The current detailed fractographic examination of the tested specimens revealed that cracking occurred on the {112} and {110} slip planes in this pipeline steel. The terrace morphology was observed on the fracture surfaces and nearly parallel crystallographic cracks on the side surfaces. They were attributed to hydrogen promoted dislocation mobility on localized and preferred slip systems. Coalescence of these discrete cracks led to quasi-cleavage fracture of the specimens.

{"title":"Characterization of quasi-cleavage fracture of pre-strained X80 pipeline steel subjected to SSRT tests in gas hydrogen","authors":"Shiyao Peng , Yan-Hui Zhang , Chong Chai , Yebin Pei , Daowu Zhou , Can Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2025.105448","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2025.105448","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Most hydrogen embrittlement (HE) mechanisms involve interaction between hydrogen and dislocations. The interaction depends on dislocation density and time for hydrogen to diffuse. This study investigated the HE behaviour and determined the cleavage cracking characteristics of an X80 pipeline steel by carrying out slow strain rate tensile (SSRT) tests on specimens with different levels of pre-strain and at different strain rates in gaseous hydrogen and examination of the cracking and fracture and characteristics. Pre-straining history and a slower strain rate increased the tendency of the pipeline steel to HE. The current detailed fractographic examination of the tested specimens revealed that cracking occurred on the {112} and {110} slip planes in this pipeline steel. The terrace morphology was observed on the fracture surfaces and nearly parallel crystallographic cracks on the side surfaces. They were attributed to hydrogen promoted dislocation mobility on localized and preferred slip systems. Coalescence of these discrete cracks led to quasi-cleavage fracture of the specimens.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 105448"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143164444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Machine learning assessment of the importance of unirradiated yield strength as a variable in embrittlement trend forecasting

IF 3 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping

Pub Date : 2025-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpvp.2025.105444

Diego Ferreño , Marjorie Erickson , Mark Kirk , José A. Sainz-Aja

This paper presents an investigation into the possible influence of pre-irradiation hardening of RPV steel on the transition temperature shift, ΔT_41J. Using the ASTM PLOTTER-22 database supplemented with unirradiated yield stress, YS(u), data the study uses machine learning regression algorithms to construct a predictive model that accounts for YS(u) alongside more well-established predictor variables (e.g., copper, fluence, …). The Gradient Boosting algorithm emerged as the most efficient, with performance metrics R² = 0.89 ± 0.02 and root-mean square error (RMSE) = 11.2 ± 0.7 °C. Comparative analyses via bootstrapping underscore the beneficial effect of incorporating YS(u) as a regressor, resulting in a RMSE reduction by 7 % and R² improvement of 15 %. Feature interpretation techniques demonstrate that the significance of YS(u) is comparable to elements like nickel and irradiation temperature and above others such as manganese, phosphorus, or the product form of the steel. The revealed trend — higher YS(u) corresponding to lower ΔT_41J — and the lack of significant interactions between YS(u) and the chemical composition, supports the roughly independent role of YS(u). These results underscore the value of incorporating YS(u) as a predictor variable for irradiation embrittlement.

{"title":"Machine learning assessment of the importance of unirradiated yield strength as a variable in embrittlement trend forecasting","authors":"Diego Ferreño , Marjorie Erickson , Mark Kirk , José A. Sainz-Aja","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2025.105444","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2025.105444","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents an investigation into the possible influence of pre-irradiation hardening of RPV steel on the transition temperature shift, ΔT<sub>41J</sub>. Using the ASTM PLOTTER-22 database supplemented with unirradiated yield stress, YS(u), data the study uses machine learning regression algorithms to construct a predictive model that accounts for YS(u) alongside more well-established predictor variables (e.g., copper, fluence, …). The Gradient Boosting algorithm emerged as the most efficient, with performance metrics R<sup>2</sup> = 0.89 ± 0.02 and root-mean square error (RMSE) = 11.2 ± 0.7 °C. Comparative analyses via bootstrapping underscore the beneficial effect of incorporating YS(u) as a regressor, resulting in a RMSE reduction by 7 % and R<sup>2</sup> improvement of 15 %. Feature interpretation techniques demonstrate that the significance of YS(u) is comparable to elements like nickel and irradiation temperature and above others such as manganese, phosphorus, or the product form of the steel. The revealed trend — higher YS(u) corresponding to lower ΔT<sub>41J</sub> — and the lack of significant interactions between YS(u) and the chemical composition, supports the roughly independent role of YS(u). These results underscore the value of incorporating YS(u) as a predictor variable for irradiation embrittlement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 105444"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143164443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Stress relaxation of inconel 718 superalloy manufactured by selective laser melting (SLM)

IF 3 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping

Pub Date : 2025-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpvp.2025.105442

Sh Alikarami, S. Nakhodchi

Stress relaxation behaviour of Inconel 718 superalloy manufactured by selective laser melting (SLM) at the temperatures rang of 650–750 °C and 2 % strain were experimentally investigated and compared with IN718 forged material. During SLM manufacturing process the material is exposed to the cyclic thermal histories and fast local solidification process. Therefore, internal stresses are generated in the component during the SLM process and they may impact the material performance and cause early failure. Stress relaxation in the components such as fasteners may alter the integrity of the whole structure. It was found that the relaxation behavior of the SLM IN718 specimens are differs from forged manufactured specimens. The comparison results show that the decrease of relaxation limit for SLM specimens is more than 90 % when the temperature rises from 650 °C to 750 °C which is much higher than that of forged specimens. The stress relaxation stability of forged specimens is higher than that of SLM specimens at all tested temperatures. The homogenization and solution heat treatment process was performed on SLMed IN718 specimen shows a higher stress relaxation rate compared with as-received SLMed specimens. The stress exponent, n, for power law creep relation was determined for SLMed and forged IN718 at 700 °C and it was found that dislocation motion predominantly controls the stress relaxation mechanism in the IN718 alloy at this temperature. The investigations reveal that the analytical results closely matched the results obtained from experiments.

{"title":"Stress relaxation of inconel 718 superalloy manufactured by selective laser melting (SLM)","authors":"Sh Alikarami, S. Nakhodchi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2025.105442","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2025.105442","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stress relaxation behaviour of Inconel 718 superalloy manufactured by selective laser melting (SLM) at the temperatures rang of 650–750 °C and 2 % strain were experimentally investigated and compared with IN718 forged material. During SLM manufacturing process the material is exposed to the cyclic thermal histories and fast local solidification process. Therefore, internal stresses are generated in the component during the SLM process and they may impact the material performance and cause early failure. Stress relaxation in the components such as fasteners may alter the integrity of the whole structure. It was found that the relaxation behavior of the SLM IN718 specimens are differs from forged manufactured specimens. The comparison results show that the decrease of relaxation limit for SLM specimens is more than 90 % when the temperature rises from 650 °C to 750 °C which is much higher than that of forged specimens. The stress relaxation stability of forged specimens is higher than that of SLM specimens at all tested temperatures. The homogenization and solution heat treatment process was performed on SLMed IN718 specimen shows a higher stress relaxation rate compared with as-received SLMed specimens. The stress exponent, n, for power law creep relation was determined for SLMed and forged IN718 at 700 °C and it was found that dislocation motion predominantly controls the stress relaxation mechanism in the IN718 alloy at this temperature. The investigations reveal that the analytical results closely matched the results obtained from experiments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 105442"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143165588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Characterisation and 3D modelling of Cast Duplex Stainless Steel microstructure: Application to ultrasonic wave propagation simulations

IF 3 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping

Pub Date : 2025-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpvp.2024.105430

Zakaria Aghenzour , Pierre-Emile Lhuillier , Nicolas Leymarie , Vincent Dorval , Alexandre Imperiale

Due to their high strength and corrosion resistance, Cast Duplex Stainless Steels (CDSS) are employed in the primary coolant piping of nuclear power reactors. In-service Non-Destructive Evaluations (NDEs) based on Ultrasonic Testing (UT) must be conducted to ensure their safe operation. However, accurately detecting and sizing flaws within CDSS components poses a significant challenge. This is primarily due to their manufacturing process, which results in metallurgical structures featuring coarse grains and complex microstructural features, including a dual-phase composition with various morphological scales. Thus, in these structures, ultrasonic waves undergo scattering at grain boundaries, leading to high attenuation and structure noise echoes that alter the inspection. Modelling these phenomena using 3D numerical simulation tools with a detailed description of the microstructure allows for a better understanding of the multiple wave/microstructure interactions by quantifying the influence of microstructural characteristics on NDE performance. This paper aims to present the results of numerical simulations applied to representative CDSS microstructures. Thanks to the use and development of numerical tools, virtual microstructures of these duplex steels can be generated with different levels of complexity in Representative Elements Volumes (REVs). These REVs are validated to varying scales through comparison with experimental metallurgical characterisations. They are then used to define the propagation media using dedicated Finite Element (FE) software to observe the impact of this microstructure on ultrasonic waves. These FE simulations will then characterise the effective homogeneous media by determining attenuation and phase velocity variations as a function of the wave frequency. The attenuation results obtained from these simulations are compared with experimental attenuation measurements for different frequencies.

{"title":"Characterisation and 3D modelling of Cast Duplex Stainless Steel microstructure: Application to ultrasonic wave propagation simulations","authors":"Zakaria Aghenzour , Pierre-Emile Lhuillier , Nicolas Leymarie , Vincent Dorval , Alexandre Imperiale","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2024.105430","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2024.105430","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to their high strength and corrosion resistance, Cast Duplex Stainless Steels (CDSS) are employed in the primary coolant piping of nuclear power reactors. In-service Non-Destructive Evaluations (NDEs) based on Ultrasonic Testing (UT) must be conducted to ensure their safe operation. However, accurately detecting and sizing flaws within CDSS components poses a significant challenge. This is primarily due to their manufacturing process, which results in metallurgical structures featuring coarse grains and complex microstructural features, including a dual-phase composition with various morphological scales. Thus, in these structures, ultrasonic waves undergo scattering at grain boundaries, leading to high attenuation and structure noise echoes that alter the inspection. Modelling these phenomena using 3D numerical simulation tools with a detailed description of the microstructure allows for a better understanding of the multiple wave/microstructure interactions by quantifying the influence of microstructural characteristics on NDE performance. This paper aims to present the results of numerical simulations applied to representative CDSS microstructures. Thanks to the use and development of numerical tools, virtual microstructures of these duplex steels can be generated with different levels of complexity in Representative Elements Volumes (REVs). These REVs are validated to varying scales through comparison with experimental metallurgical characterisations. They are then used to define the propagation media using dedicated Finite Element (FE) software to observe the impact of this microstructure on ultrasonic waves. These FE simulations will then characterise the effective homogeneous media by determining attenuation and phase velocity variations as a function of the wave frequency. The attenuation results obtained from these simulations are compared with experimental attenuation measurements for different frequencies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 105430"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143165584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Limit state-based fitness-for-service assessments of steel pipelines containing dent-gouges

IF 3 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping

Pub Date : 2025-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpvp.2025.105440

Z. He, W. Zhou

This study presents a framework for the limit state-based assessment (LSBA) of steel pipelines containing damages in the form of dent-gouges. The LSBA is formulated based on the factored burst capacity computed using the improved European Pipeline Research Group model for dent-gouges with partial safety factors assigned to key input variables and factored pipeline internal pressure. A novel methodology is developed to calibrate the partial safety factors by making the outcomes of LSBA consistent with those of the reliability-based assessment for a set of assessment cases representative of in-service pipelines. The first-order reliability method is employed to evaluate the failure probabilities of the assessment cases. The validity of the calibrated partial safety factors is demonstrated based on a large set of assessment cases that are independent of those employed in the calibration process. The advantages of LSBA over the deterministic fitness-for-service assessment are further illustrated. The proposed framework for LSBA can be applied to pipelines containing other types of damages such as corrosion and cracks, and will facilitate the performance-based pipeline integrity management practice.

{"title":"Limit state-based fitness-for-service assessments of steel pipelines containing dent-gouges","authors":"Z. He, W. Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2025.105440","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2025.105440","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a framework for the limit state-based assessment (LSBA) of steel pipelines containing damages in the form of dent-gouges. The LSBA is formulated based on the factored burst capacity computed using the improved European Pipeline Research Group model for dent-gouges with partial safety factors assigned to key input variables and factored pipeline internal pressure. A novel methodology is developed to calibrate the partial safety factors by making the outcomes of LSBA consistent with those of the reliability-based assessment for a set of assessment cases representative of in-service pipelines. The first-order reliability method is employed to evaluate the failure probabilities of the assessment cases. The validity of the calibrated partial safety factors is demonstrated based on a large set of assessment cases that are independent of those employed in the calibration process. The advantages of LSBA over the deterministic fitness-for-service assessment are further illustrated. The proposed framework for LSBA can be applied to pipelines containing other types of damages such as corrosion and cracks, and will facilitate the performance-based pipeline integrity management practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 105440"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143165586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Buckling capacity of spherical shells with local thickness reduction under radial ring load

IF 3 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping

Pub Date : 2025-01-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpvp.2025.105441

Song Zhou , Zhongwei Zhao , Zhancai Lao , Hui Gao

Hollow spheres have been widely used and recognized in aerospace, ocean engineering, and other fields. Radial ring load is common in practical engineering, such as the support ring of spherical tank and the spherical shell of welded hollow spherical joints (WHSJs). The influences of different corrosion positions, corrosion parameters, and geometric parameters on the buckling capacity of spherical shells under radial ring load are studied by the finite element (FE) model. A simplified method for calculating the buckling capacity of the WHSJs subjected to axial compression and the hemispherical shell with radial ring load is proposed. In addition, a formula of reduce factors about the position of the corrosion pit and corroded thickness is introduced for obtaining the buckling capacity. The results show that the proposed formula can be used to accurately predict the buckling bearing capacity, which lays the foundation of the theoretical analysis for the shells with local thickness reduction under radial ring load.

引用次数: 0

The precipitation and coarsening behaviors of Cu-rich particles and the effect on the hardness of S30432 tube after aging and creep at elevated temperatures

IF 3 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping

Pub Date : 2025-01-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpvp.2025.105443

Renyuan Zhou , Yuntong Liu , Lihui Zhu

The precipitation and coarsening behaviors of Cu-rich particles and the effect on the hardness of S30432 tube after aging and creep for up to 25848 h at the elevated temperatures were systematically investigated by the means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), three-dimensional atom probe (3DAP) and Vickers hardness measurement. Results show that Cu-rich particles form rapidly during short-term aging and creep at high temperature, and they are always coherent with the γ-matrix in S30432 steel. Cu-rich particles coarsen slowly, and they are still very fine even after 25848 h of creep. The coarsening of Cu-rich particles in S30432 steel follows the diffusion-controlled Lifshitz-Slyozov-Wagner (LSW) theory, and the coarsening activation energy was estimated to be 238.87 kJ/mol. Increasing temperature effectively increases the coarsening rate of Cu-rich particles by promoting the diffusion of Cu atoms. The coherent relationship between Cu-rich particles and γ-matrix leads to low interfacial energy of Cu-rich particle/γ-matrix interface. Based on the experimental results and our former investigations, the interfacial segregation of Mn and Al retards the coarsening of Cu-rich particles by not only decreasing the interfacial energy but also acting as a barrier for the diffusion of Cu atoms. With increasing the time, the retarding effect increases due to the enhanced interfacial segregation of Mn and Al. Cu-rich particles tend to coarsen more quickly during creep than aging in S30432 steel. The precipitation and coarsening behaviors of Cu-rich particles play a vital role in the hardness variation of S30432 steel, appropriate addition of Cu, Mn and Al may be useful for promoting the precipitation and controlling the coarsening of Cu-rich particles to further optimize the strength at the elevated temperature.

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