The Mendoza Metropolitan Area (Argentina) is characterized by an intense urban forest, which makes it an “oasis city” inserted in an arid area. However, the generated heat island and their energy-environmental consequences emphasize the need to rethink the way of tree plantation in the city. Therefore, the goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of different urban-forest schemes on residential energy consumption. For that purpose, nine representative urban canyons were micro-climatically monitored in winter and summer and the thermal behavior of a prototype housing inserted in each urban canyon was simulated. The results indicate that the urban designs that control the solar radiation by means of an adequate distribution of the shade and that allow a better wind circulation, minimize the auxiliary energy consumption up to 30%. This allows generating feasible technical proposals to incorporate into urban codes and therefore, more efficient use of trees lined.
{"title":"Esquemas urbano-forestales en una «ciudad oasis» de zona árida: Mendoza (Argentina). Influencia sobre el consumo energético residencial","authors":"M. Ruiz, E. Correa","doi":"10.3989/IC.16.135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/IC.16.135","url":null,"abstract":"The Mendoza Metropolitan Area (Argentina) is characterized by an intense urban forest, which makes it an “oasis city” inserted in an arid area. However, the generated heat island and their energy-environmental consequences emphasize the need to rethink the way of tree plantation in the city. Therefore, the goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of different urban-forest schemes on residential energy consumption. For that purpose, nine representative urban canyons were micro-climatically monitored in winter and summer and the thermal behavior of a prototype housing inserted in each urban canyon was simulated. The results indicate that the urban designs that control the solar radiation by means of an adequate distribution of the shade and that allow a better wind circulation, minimize the auxiliary energy consumption up to 30%. This allows generating feasible technical proposals to incorporate into urban codes and therefore, more efficient use of trees lined.","PeriodicalId":54981,"journal":{"name":"Informes De La Construccion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48784696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Monumental bullring in Seville was one of them buildings of reference in the first years of the century XX in Spain. It was opened the 6 of June of 1918 after having suffered two collapses, one during the execution in 1916 and another during the load test made in 1917. Later the building was subjected to a satisfactory load test in 1918 that offered the necessary guarantees to authorize the inauguration. In 1921 the Governor decreed the closure of the building by alleged structural problems, being demolished in 1930 after a decade of oblivion. In this work are collected documents scattered in several archives, that allow to determine that the load test of 1918 was rigorous and that the behavior of the structure was correct, showing its strength even during the demolition.
{"title":"Comportamiento estructural de la plaza de toros Monumental de Sevilla, en base a las pruebas de carga de 1917 y 1918, y su demolición en 1930","authors":"F. Carrasco, J. Carrasco","doi":"10.3989/IC.16.124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/IC.16.124","url":null,"abstract":"The Monumental bullring in Seville was one of them buildings of reference in the first years of the century XX in Spain. It was opened the 6 of June of 1918 after having suffered two collapses, one during the execution in 1916 and another during the load test made in 1917. Later the building was subjected to a satisfactory load test in 1918 that offered the necessary guarantees to authorize the inauguration. In 1921 the Governor decreed the closure of the building by alleged structural problems, being demolished in 1930 after a decade of oblivion. In this work are collected documents scattered in several archives, that allow to determine that the load test of 1918 was rigorous and that the behavior of the structure was correct, showing its strength even during the demolition.","PeriodicalId":54981,"journal":{"name":"Informes De La Construccion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49435720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Currently the use of Urban 3D Models goes beyond the mere support of three-dimensional image for the visualization of our urban surroundings. The three-dimensional Urban Models are in themselves fundamental tools to manage the different phenomena that occur in smart cities. It is therefore necessary to generate realistic models, in which BIM building design information can be integrated with GIS and other space technologies. The generation of 3D Urban Models benefit from the amount of data from sensors with the latest technologies such as airborne sensors and of the existence of international standards such as CityGML. This paper presents a methodology for the development of a three - dimensional Urban Model, based on LiDAR data and the CityGML standard, applied to the city of Lorca.
{"title":"Metodología de Generación de Modelos Virtuales Urbanos 3D para ciudades inteligentes","authors":"M. Álvarez, J. F. Raposo, M. Miranda, A. B. Bello","doi":"10.3989/ID.56528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/ID.56528","url":null,"abstract":"Currently the use of Urban 3D Models goes beyond the mere support of three-dimensional image for the visualization of our urban surroundings. The three-dimensional Urban Models are in themselves fundamental tools to manage the different phenomena that occur in smart cities. It is therefore necessary to generate realistic models, in which BIM building design information can be integrated with GIS and other space technologies. The generation of 3D Urban Models benefit from the amount of data from sensors with the latest technologies such as airborne sensors and of the existence of international standards such as CityGML. This paper presents a methodology for the development of a three - dimensional Urban Model, based on LiDAR data and the CityGML standard, applied to the city of Lorca.","PeriodicalId":54981,"journal":{"name":"Informes De La Construccion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44748346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fire computer models allow to study real fire scenarios consequences. Its use in nuclear power plants has increased with the new regulations to apply risk informed performance-based methods for the analysis and design of fire safety solutions. The selection of the cell side factor is very important in these kinds of models. The mesh must establish a compromise between the geometry adjustment, the resolution of the equations and the computation times. This paper aims to study the impact of several cell sizes, using the fire computer model FDS, to evaluate the relative affectation in the final simulation results. In order to validate that, we have employed several scenarios of interest for nuclear power plants. Conclusions offer relevant data for users and show some cell sizes that can be selected to guarantee the quality of the simulations and reduce the results uncertainty.
{"title":"Influencia del mallado en el modelado computacional de incendios en centrales nucleares","authors":"D. Lázaro, M. Lázaro, J. Peco, D. Alvear","doi":"10.3989/ID.55345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/ID.55345","url":null,"abstract":"Fire computer models allow to study real fire scenarios consequences. Its use in nuclear power plants has increased with the new regulations to apply risk informed performance-based methods for the analysis and design of fire safety solutions. The selection of the cell side factor is very important in these kinds of models. The mesh must establish a compromise between the geometry adjustment, the resolution of the equations and the computation times. This paper aims to study the impact of several cell sizes, using the fire computer model FDS, to evaluate the relative affectation in the final simulation results. In order to validate that, we have employed several scenarios of interest for nuclear power plants. Conclusions offer relevant data for users and show some cell sizes that can be selected to guarantee the quality of the simulations and reduce the results uncertainty.","PeriodicalId":54981,"journal":{"name":"Informes De La Construccion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47449523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It is necessary that a manager of an infrastructure knows relations between variables. Using Bayesian networks, variables can be classified, predicted and diagnosed, being able to estimate posterior probability of the unknown ones based on known ones. The proposed methodology has generated a database with port variables, which have been classified as economic, social, environmental and institutional, as addressed in of smart ports studies made in all Spanish Port System. Network has been developed using an acyclic directed graph, which have let us know relationships in terms of parents and sons. In probabilistic terms, it can be concluded from the constructed network that the most decisive variables for port sustainability are those that are part of the institutional dimension. It has been concluded that Bayesian networks allow modeling uncertainty probabilistically even when the number of variables is high as it occurs in port planning and exploitation.
{"title":"Hacia la sostenibilidad portuaria mediante modelos probabilísticos: redes bayesianas","authors":"B. Molina, N. González, F. Soler","doi":"10.3989/ID.54678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/ID.54678","url":null,"abstract":"It is necessary that a manager of an infrastructure knows relations between variables. Using Bayesian networks, variables can be classified, predicted and diagnosed, being able to estimate posterior probability of the unknown ones based on known ones. The proposed methodology has generated a database with port variables, which have been classified as economic, social, environmental and institutional, as addressed in of smart ports studies made in all Spanish Port System. Network has been developed using an acyclic directed graph, which have let us know relationships in terms of parents and sons. In probabilistic terms, it can be concluded from the constructed network that the most decisive variables for port sustainability are those that are part of the institutional dimension. \u0000 \u0000It has been concluded that Bayesian networks allow modeling uncertainty probabilistically even when the number of variables is high as it occurs in port planning and exploitation.","PeriodicalId":54981,"journal":{"name":"Informes De La Construccion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45231277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this article is to create a new methodology that is simpler, faster and cheaper than those that exist today to estimate the wear of the cutters of a TBM operating on hard rock, using a statistical development that has allowed to establish an empirical formula. They have been identified and assigned values to the different rock properties that mainly influence the wear of the discs, obtaining the CLH index, which estimates the wear of the cutting head cutters of a TBM, thus being able to predict the duration thereof. A thorough statistical study of the results has been performed to demonstrate the reliability of the method, as well as a quantification of possible errors that can be committed and levels of confidence.
{"title":"Nueva metodología empírica para la estimación del desgaste de los cortadores de una tuneladora","authors":"C. Laín, Bernardo Llamas, J. Pous, R. Laín","doi":"10.3989/ID.57716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/ID.57716","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this article is to create a new methodology that is simpler, faster and cheaper than those that exist today to estimate the wear of the cutters of a TBM operating on hard rock, using a statistical development that has allowed to establish an empirical formula. \u0000 \u0000They have been identified and assigned values to the different rock properties that mainly influence the wear of the discs, obtaining the CLH index, which estimates the wear of the cutting head cutters of a TBM, thus being able to predict the duration thereof. \u0000 \u0000A thorough statistical study of the results has been performed to demonstrate the reliability of the method, as well as a quantification of possible errors that can be committed and levels of confidence.","PeriodicalId":54981,"journal":{"name":"Informes De La Construccion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45809602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study we analyse the evolution of a series of buildings designed by Antonio Bonet that share the same vernacular construction typology: the ‘Catalan’ ventilated roofs. We try to demonstrate the investigatory method of Bonet, who does not regard form in his projects as a purely personal invention. The pattern may mutate or transgress for different reasons, whether to adapt to the technological advances of a building system or to programmatic, topographic or climatic changes. On the basis of the information in the architect’s archive, we create and present new graphical documentation through the redrawing of his works in order to organise archive material that is difficult to access due its dispersal, different scales and different formats. The present study will enable anyone interested to obtain basic data on each building.
{"title":"Evolución tipológica de cubiertas ventiladas ‘a la catalana’ en la obra de Antonio Bonet","authors":"J. F. Garcia","doi":"10.3989/IC.16014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/IC.16014","url":null,"abstract":"In this study we analyse the evolution of a series of buildings designed by Antonio Bonet that share the same vernacular construction typology: the ‘Catalan’ ventilated roofs. We try to demonstrate the investigatory method of Bonet, who does not regard form in his projects as a purely personal invention. The pattern may mutate or transgress for different reasons, whether to adapt to the technological advances of a building system or to programmatic, topographic or climatic changes. \u0000 \u0000On the basis of the information in the architect’s archive, we create and present new graphical documentation through the redrawing of his works in order to organise archive material that is difficult to access due its dispersal, different scales and different formats. The present study will enable anyone interested to obtain basic data on each building.","PeriodicalId":54981,"journal":{"name":"Informes De La Construccion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48524021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Perhaps one of the most showy characteristics of the Bullring of the Real Maestranza de Caballeria of Seville is the singularity of its geometric layout, the irregularity of its arena. An unusual form to which no convincing justification has been found. There are no documents that explain it in the archives of the Corporation and there is no doubt about the solvency and dexterity of the major teachers, military engineers and architects who built it over a hundred and twenty years. Now, we think we have found an explanation for this irregular geometry. A reasoning based on the history of it construction, also in the observation of the historical and new planimetry, and especially in the knowledge that has provided us with the building of the works of reform and conservation carried out In it during these last years.
{"title":"La Traza Oculta de la Plaza de Toros de la Real Maestranza de Caballería de Sevilla. Sobre la Geometría de su Planta","authors":"J. Carbajal, R. Carbajal, N. Carbajal","doi":"10.3989/ID.55344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/ID.55344","url":null,"abstract":"Perhaps one of the most showy characteristics of the Bullring of the Real Maestranza de Caballeria of Seville is the singularity of its geometric layout, the irregularity of its arena. An unusual form to which no convincing justification has been found. There are no documents that explain it in the archives of the Corporation and there is no doubt about the solvency and dexterity of the major teachers, military engineers and architects who built it over a hundred and twenty years. Now, we think we have found an explanation for this irregular geometry. A reasoning based on the history of it construction, also in the observation of the historical and new planimetry, and especially in the knowledge that has provided us with the building of the works of reform and conservation carried out In it during these last years.","PeriodicalId":54981,"journal":{"name":"Informes De La Construccion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41531716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of this research is to analyze the construction of the wind machine for draining marshy ground designed by Agustin de Betancourt and Molina in 1789. To do this, a static analysis by finite elements method from the threedimensional model obtained with Autodesk Inventor Professional has been performed. The results show that the greatest stresses of the mechanism take place when the main shaft is meshed with the cogwheel, namely the point of contact between the worm screw and cogwheel. However, the maximum displacements and the greatest deformations take place in the blades. In addition, the mechanism is oversized, reaching at no point the tensile strength of the material, confirming the successful construction of this historical invention.
{"title":"La máquina eólica para desaguar terrenos pantanosos de Agustín de Betancourt y Molina: análisis de su construcción mediante ingeniería asistida por ordenador","authors":"J. I. Rojas-Sola, E. D. L. M. L. Fuente","doi":"10.3989/ID.54738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/ID.54738","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this research is to analyze the construction of the wind machine for draining marshy ground designed by Agustin de Betancourt and Molina in 1789. To do this, a static analysis by finite elements method from the threedimensional model obtained with Autodesk Inventor Professional has been performed. The results show that the greatest stresses of the mechanism take place when the main shaft is meshed with the cogwheel, namely the point of contact between the worm screw and cogwheel. However, the maximum displacements and the greatest deformations take place in the blades. In addition, the mechanism is oversized, reaching at no point the tensile strength of the material, confirming the successful construction of this historical invention.","PeriodicalId":54981,"journal":{"name":"Informes De La Construccion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41610968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During strong seismic events many highway reinforced concrete bridges have collapsed or have been severely damaged causing human and material losses. A methodology for preliminary assessment of seismic structural vulnerability of reinforced concrete bridges which ensures adequate estimation of this parameter without enough project information is presented. It is validated using the Delphi method, with the participation of professionals from different countries, which were selected for their experience in this topic. An evaluation tool is obtained including parameters not usually used by the existing methodologies and involving the checking of vibration period of the structure as an indicator of its overall behavior. Finally, the assessment of 18 structures located in the zone of higher seismic hazard of Cuba is presented.
{"title":"Metodología para la evaluación preliminar de la vulnerabilidad sísmica estructural de puentes de hormigón armado","authors":"D. C. Sánchez, G. G. Melgares","doi":"10.3989/ID.55418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/ID.55418","url":null,"abstract":"During strong seismic events many highway reinforced concrete bridges have collapsed or have been severely damaged causing human and material losses. A methodology for preliminary assessment of seismic structural vulnerability of reinforced concrete bridges which ensures adequate estimation of this parameter without enough project information is presented. It is validated using the Delphi method, with the participation of professionals from different countries, which were selected for their experience in this topic. An evaluation tool is obtained including parameters not usually used by the existing methodologies and involving the checking of vibration period of the structure as an indicator of its overall behavior. Finally, the assessment of 18 structures located in the zone of higher seismic hazard of Cuba is presented.","PeriodicalId":54981,"journal":{"name":"Informes De La Construccion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47811296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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