In this text an unknown building, but of great relevance, is analyzed, the assembly factory of the North American company General Motors. It was built in Biel (Switzenrland) in 1936, whose authors were Rudolf Steiger and Carl Hubacher. Its importance lies in being one of the examples projected at the beginning of the 20th century under purely scientific criteria, where objective variables, rigorously applied, created a unitary whole that responded in an efficient way to its function. Leaving aside any aesthetic premise, engineering know-how was applied to architectural work. The architectural project becomes, in this way, a sum of demonstrable evidence that defines all parameters. A way of doing that, almost hundred years more, has been proven its current validity.
{"title":"La fábrica de ensamblaje de General Motors Suisse en Biel, una construcción funcionalista","authors":"R. Arribas-Blanco","doi":"10.3989/ic.67435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/ic.67435","url":null,"abstract":"In this text an unknown building, but of great relevance, is analyzed, the assembly factory of the North American company General Motors. It was built in Biel (Switzenrland) in 1936, whose authors were Rudolf Steiger and Carl Hubacher. Its importance lies in being one of the examples projected at the beginning of the 20th century under purely scientific criteria, where objective variables, rigorously applied, created a unitary whole that responded in an efficient way to its function. Leaving aside any aesthetic premise, engineering know-how was applied to architectural work. The architectural project becomes, in this way, a sum of demonstrable evidence that defines all parameters. A way of doing that, almost hundred years more, has been proven its current validity.","PeriodicalId":54981,"journal":{"name":"Informes De La Construccion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47491480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. López Ortega, J. López-Sauceda, J. G. Carrillo, J. Sandoval
In urban areas, street networks are exposed to road obstructions since some traffic obstacles such as street protest, and traffic congestion are frequent. According to this, drivers are forced to choose alternative routes. Building alternative routes on digital maps represents a solution to these road problems. We determine alternative routes associating graphs to characteristics of real road networks using a API and incorporating optimization algorithms. In this work we propose a method to construct a graph from a zone with traffic blockages considering the network features. With an optimization algorithm (Dijkstra) the alternative routes are defined using digital maps. In addition, a computer program was developed (using Google Maps API) as a tool to create the graph, which is composed of: vertices (intersections) and directional edges (driving direction). This graph is used to establish alternative routes represented as polylines in digital maps.
{"title":"Método de construcción de dígrafos a partir de redes viales reales en mapas digitales con aplicaciones en la búsqueda de rutas óptimas","authors":"J. López Ortega, J. López-Sauceda, J. G. Carrillo, J. Sandoval","doi":"10.3989/ic.65988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/ic.65988","url":null,"abstract":"In urban areas, street networks are exposed to road obstructions since some traffic obstacles such as street protest, and traffic congestion are frequent. According to this, drivers are forced to choose alternative routes. Building alternative routes on digital maps represents a solution to these road problems. We determine alternative routes associating graphs to characteristics of real road networks using a API and incorporating optimization algorithms. In this work we propose a method to construct a graph from a zone with traffic blockages considering the network features. With an optimization algorithm (Dijkstra) the alternative routes are defined using digital maps. In addition, a computer program was developed (using Google Maps API) as a tool to create the graph, which is composed of: vertices (intersections) and directional edges (driving direction). This graph is used to establish alternative routes represented as polylines in digital maps.","PeriodicalId":54981,"journal":{"name":"Informes De La Construccion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42319191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Numerous sustainability rating systems have been developed in the building sector. In this paper we distinguish between those whose aim is to allow companies striving for improved performance to gain an objective basis for communicating their efforts, such as LEED, and those that aim to communicate the life cycle environmental impact of goods, such as ATHENA Impact Estimator. We name the former effort-driven assessment and the latter data-driven assessment. This work undertakes a state-of-the-art review of all these assessment systems and assesses their effectiveness comparing the indicators used for assessment against the established standards by the Technical Committee (TC) 350 of the European Committee for standardization (CEN/TC 350). About 62% of the social and economic indicators remain unconsidered by the existing data-driven assessment tools, whereas effort-driven assessment tools have a higher consideration of social and economic aspects, with about half of the indicators unconsidered.
{"title":"Análisis de sistemas de valoración de la sostenibilidad en la edificación en relación con la norma CEN/TC 350","authors":"P. Huedo Dorda, B. López-Mesa, E. Mulet","doi":"10.3989/ic.63707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/ic.63707","url":null,"abstract":"Numerous sustainability rating systems have been developed in the building sector. In this paper we distinguish between those whose aim is to allow companies striving for improved performance to gain an objective basis for communicating their efforts, such as LEED, and those that aim to communicate the life cycle environmental impact of goods, such as ATHENA Impact Estimator. We name the former effort-driven assessment and the latter data-driven assessment. This work undertakes a state-of-the-art review of all these assessment systems and assesses their effectiveness comparing the indicators used for assessment against the established standards by the Technical Committee (TC) 350 of the European Committee for standardization (CEN/TC 350). About 62% of the social and economic indicators remain unconsidered by the existing data-driven assessment tools, whereas effort-driven assessment tools have a higher consideration of social and economic aspects, with about half of the indicators unconsidered.","PeriodicalId":54981,"journal":{"name":"Informes De La Construccion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48686258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Mestre Martí, P. M. Jiménez Vicario, M. A. Ródenas-López
This year (2019) the Havana City Historian’s Office has completed the restoration of the National Capitol. This paper highlights the constructive methods used in its execution (between 1926 and 1929) emphasizing the feats that managed to finish the work in a very short time for the conditions and techniques of the moment: only three years. This has been possible thanks to an international cooperation project subsidized by the University of Alicante, which allowed several research stays there. The few historical publications that exist in the Cuban archives were consulted, as well as the writings and original plans of the Capitol, drawn by hand, and multiple visits were made in situ, in order to elaborate a work’s analysis of its state of conservation and the used constructive method, that has allowed to better know and value the work and to facilitate the process of the architectural intervention.
{"title":"La construcción del Capitolio de La Habana","authors":"M. Mestre Martí, P. M. Jiménez Vicario, M. A. Ródenas-López","doi":"10.3989/ic.66826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/ic.66826","url":null,"abstract":"This year (2019) the Havana City Historian’s Office has completed the restoration of the National Capitol. This paper highlights the constructive methods used in its execution (between 1926 and 1929) emphasizing the feats that managed to finish the work in a very short time for the conditions and techniques of the moment: only three years. This has been possible thanks to an international cooperation project subsidized by the University of Alicante, which allowed several research stays there. The few historical publications that exist in the Cuban archives were consulted, as well as the writings and original plans of the Capitol, drawn by hand, and multiple visits were made in situ, in order to elaborate a work’s analysis of its state of conservation and the used constructive method, that has allowed to better know and value the work and to facilitate the process of the architectural intervention.","PeriodicalId":54981,"journal":{"name":"Informes De La Construccion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43123399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The city of Toledo, permanent seat of power for almost six centuries after the roman occupation, was dominated by visigoths and omeyas until the castilian conquest. Its architectural evolution makes it an ideal place for the development of carpentry. Its interlaced wood structures suppose a magnificent example to understand the relationship between the geometric patterns and the constructive solutions explored by those who made them. Geometrical patterns and how they get to form part of interlaced structures are analyzed from the very simple and most numerous examples with eightpointed stars to the complex patterns of radial geometry. Prefabrication method is studied applied to rafter and collar structures, showing how it will make possible to build complex lattice seven panel structures.
{"title":"Armaduras de lazo toledanas. Evolución de las trazas geométricas con estrellas de ocho puntas y su relación con los diferentes sistemas constructivos empleados","authors":"E. Nuere, E. Franco, M. F. Fernandez Cabo","doi":"10.3989/ic.68659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/ic.68659","url":null,"abstract":"The city of Toledo, permanent seat of power for almost six centuries after the roman occupation, was dominated by visigoths and omeyas until the castilian conquest. Its architectural evolution makes it an ideal place for the development of carpentry. Its interlaced wood structures suppose a magnificent example to understand the relationship between the geometric patterns and the constructive solutions explored by those who made them. Geometrical patterns and how they get to form part of interlaced structures are analyzed from the very simple and most numerous examples with eightpointed stars to the complex patterns of radial geometry. Prefabrication method is studied applied to rafter and collar structures, showing how it will make possible to build complex lattice seven panel structures.","PeriodicalId":54981,"journal":{"name":"Informes De La Construccion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45766727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Honduran Construction Code (CHOC) prescribes a seismic design methodology for steel moment frames which produces uncertain results. CHOC also allows designs of ordinary steel moment frames (OMF) in regions of high seismic hazard which compromise the required seismic performance of such structures. The seismic performance of three fivestory buildings is evaluated in the Honduran urban area of greatest seismic hazard using FEMA 440 and FEMA 356. Two buildings consist of OMF; one of them with the lightest shapes available, the other, a non-ductile design allowed by the CHOC. The third, with special steel moment frames with the lightest shapes available. The designs were by the UBC 97 and the AISC 2010. It was verified by nonlinear static and dynamic analyzes that the CHOC could eventually lead to the design of steel moment frames with unacceptable seismic performance, in accordance with criteria of UBC 97 and AISC 2010.
{"title":"Evaluación del desempeño sísmico de edificaciones compuestas de marcos rígidos de acero en zonas hondureñas de alto peligro sísmico","authors":"V. Martínez Reyes, C. Nungaray Pérez","doi":"10.3989/ic.64333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/ic.64333","url":null,"abstract":"The Honduran Construction Code (CHOC) prescribes a seismic design methodology for steel moment frames which produces uncertain results. CHOC also allows designs of ordinary steel moment frames (OMF) in regions of high seismic hazard which compromise the required seismic performance of such structures. The seismic performance of three fivestory buildings is evaluated in the Honduran urban area of greatest seismic hazard using FEMA 440 and FEMA 356. Two buildings consist of OMF; one of them with the lightest shapes available, the other, a non-ductile design allowed by the CHOC. The third, with special steel moment frames with the lightest shapes available. The designs were by the UBC 97 and the AISC 2010. It was verified by nonlinear static and dynamic analyzes that the CHOC could eventually lead to the design of steel moment frames with unacceptable seismic performance, in accordance with criteria of UBC 97 and AISC 2010.","PeriodicalId":54981,"journal":{"name":"Informes De La Construccion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43928356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Many houses with a timber frame structure, catalogued with a Structural or Integral level of protection, have been preserved in Madrid. However, this construction system of internal timber-framed load-bearing walls and two-layer facade walls is barely known. The discovery and analysis of old inns projects with unpublished graphic and written information to date (1669-1798), and the reconstruction of their constructive detailing will explain this typology, from the first wooden skeletons filled with masonry, until the beginning of the metal structures. The Posada del Peine, the oldest preserved, and with the oldest plan including the timber posts in walls reveals the origin and development of this construction system, the modification of the original building (1616-1863) and its subsequent extension (1891-2). The developed methodology demonstrates its validity to study similar historical constructions, existing literature is complete with main features, and errors in the references found are solved.
马德里保留了许多木结构房屋，这些房屋被分类为结构或整体保护级别。然而，这种内部木结构承重墙和两层外墙的建筑体系却鲜为人知。对旧旅馆项目的发现和分析，包括迄今为止(1669-1798)未发表的图形和书面信息，以及对其结构细节的重建，将解释这种类型，从第一个填充砖石的木制骨架，直到金属结构的开始。poada del Peine是保存最古老的建筑，其最古老的平面图包括墙上的木桩，揭示了这种建筑系统的起源和发展，原始建筑的修改(1616-1863)及其随后的扩建(1891-2)。所建立的方法论对类似历史建筑的研究具有一定的有效性，现有文献较为完整，具有主要特点，解决了文献中的错误。
{"title":"Los primeros entramados de madera y muros de ‘doble hoja’: las posadas de Madrid (1669-1798)","authors":"E. González-Redondo","doi":"10.3989/ic.66687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/ic.66687","url":null,"abstract":"Many houses with a timber frame structure, catalogued with a Structural or Integral level of protection, have been preserved in Madrid. However, this construction system of internal timber-framed load-bearing walls and two-layer facade walls is barely known. The discovery and analysis of old inns projects with unpublished graphic and written information to date (1669-1798), and the reconstruction of their constructive detailing will explain this typology, from the first wooden skeletons filled with masonry, until the beginning of the metal structures. The Posada del Peine, the oldest preserved, and with the oldest plan including the timber posts in walls reveals the origin and development of this construction system, the modification of the original building (1616-1863) and its subsequent extension (1891-2). The developed methodology demonstrates its validity to study similar historical constructions, existing literature is complete with main features, and errors in the references found are solved.","PeriodicalId":54981,"journal":{"name":"Informes De La Construccion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42707382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper proposes a model to improve the design phase’s performance of construction projects developed with BIM. Construction industry’s productivity is an issue that concerned and provoke debates about the production model suitable for improve their performance. If construction productivity level is compared with others industries, such as industry or automobile, is low, and the evolution of recent years shows an increase in this difference. A model is presented, that combines the use of Lean Construction and BIM methodology. This model is result of a literature review and the research carried out by the authors. The model is tested in 6 cases studies, and it’s validated by qualitative and quantitative techniques.
{"title":"Aplicación de un modelo Lean-BIM para la mejora de la productividad en redacción de proyectos de edificación","authors":"A. Latorre Uriz, C. Sanz, B. Sánchez","doi":"10.3989/ic.67222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/ic.67222","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a model to improve the design phase’s performance of construction projects developed with BIM. Construction industry’s productivity is an issue that concerned and provoke debates about the production model suitable for improve their performance. If construction productivity level is compared with others industries, such as industry or automobile, is low, and the evolution of recent years shows an increase in this difference. \u0000 \u0000A model is presented, that combines the use of Lean Construction and BIM methodology. This model is result of a literature review and the research carried out by the authors. The model is tested in 6 cases studies, and it’s validated by qualitative and quantitative techniques.","PeriodicalId":54981,"journal":{"name":"Informes De La Construccion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42433913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
El artículo analiza los métodos de decisión multicriterio como herramienta que permite a promotores, públicos o privados, y proyectistas determinar la(s) alternativa(s) más adecuadas en condiciones de incertidumbre y con criterios económicos, sociales, de sostenibilidad y funcionales en conflicto. La aplicación de estos métodos de manera secuencial puede ayudar a determinar la mejor solución y a minimizar la subjetividad del decisor. Se analizan los criterios determinantes en el proceso de decisión y diferentes ubicaciones y tipologías como alternativas. Para que el análisis sea completo, se deben incluir todas las partes interesadas participantes en el proyecto, incluyendo, por su importancia, a los usuarios. La metodología propuesta reúne estas características e incluye como criterio, la percepción del usuario (el valor de utilidad para el usuario), expresado en términos económicos, no incluido en investigaciones previas de selección de alternativas en aparcamientos.
{"title":"Selección de la mejor alternativa en proyectos de infraestructuras de aparcamientos con criterios en conflicto de diferentes grupos de interés","authors":"B. Muñoz-Medina, M. Romana, J. Ordóñez","doi":"10.3989/ic.63809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/ic.63809","url":null,"abstract":"El artículo analiza los métodos de decisión multicriterio como herramienta que permite a promotores, públicos o privados, y proyectistas determinar la(s) alternativa(s) más adecuadas en condiciones de incertidumbre y con criterios económicos, sociales, de sostenibilidad y funcionales en conflicto. La aplicación de estos métodos de manera secuencial puede ayudar a determinar la mejor solución y a minimizar la subjetividad del decisor. Se analizan los criterios determinantes en el proceso de decisión y diferentes ubicaciones y tipologías como alternativas. Para que el análisis sea completo, se deben incluir todas las partes interesadas participantes en el proyecto, incluyendo, por su importancia, a los usuarios. La metodología propuesta reúne estas características e incluye como criterio, la percepción del usuario (el valor de utilidad para el usuario), expresado en términos económicos, no incluido en investigaciones previas de selección de alternativas en aparcamientos.","PeriodicalId":54981,"journal":{"name":"Informes De La Construccion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70255770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The energy certificate is a very useful tool, as it provides information on energy efficiency, the associated energy consumption and the CO2 emissions generated by these consumptions. But its application in the Canary Islands has encountered several problems. The particular conditions of the archipelago give rise to the fact that the climate of the islands is very different from the rest of Spain and also generate microclimates that develop an important climatic variety in a small area. This aspect, which was not initially taken into consideration by the ETC, has been progressively adjusted. This paper analyses the discrepancies between the different climatic zones proposed in the different areas of the archipelago to find out which are closer to the real conditions of the islands and the implications that these divergences have caused, such as situations with incoherent results.
{"title":"La influencia de la correcta consideración climática en los certificados energéticos realizados en Canarias","authors":"E. Martín del Toro","doi":"10.3989/ic.66351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/ic.66351","url":null,"abstract":"The energy certificate is a very useful tool, as it provides information on energy efficiency, the associated energy consumption and the CO2 emissions generated by these consumptions. But its application in the Canary Islands has encountered several problems. The particular conditions of the archipelago give rise to the fact that the climate of the islands is very different from the rest of Spain and also generate microclimates that develop an important climatic variety in a small area. This aspect, which was not initially taken into consideration by the ETC, has been progressively adjusted. This paper analyses the discrepancies between the different climatic zones proposed in the different areas of the archipelago to find out which are closer to the real conditions of the islands and the implications that these divergences have caused, such as situations with incoherent results.","PeriodicalId":54981,"journal":{"name":"Informes De La Construccion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44950534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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