In the fifties and sixties, while Italian engineering was receiving important international awards, the theme of the tall building attracted the attention of the best architects. They made it a field of design experimentation, immediately sensing how the strategic use of the structure could revolutionize the already stereotyped image of the all-steel and glass towers proposed by the International Style. Gio Ponti, Luigi Moretti and the BBPR thus created formidable partnerships with Pier Luigi Nervi and Arturo Danusso, the most active engineers in the field of skyscraper design. The result was at least three masterpieces, among the works created in those years: the Velasca tower and the Pirelli skyscraper in Milan and the Stock Exchange tower in Montreal, which, at the time of its completion, also marked the record for the highest reinforced concrete building in the world.
在五六十年代，当意大利工程获得重要的国际奖项时，高层建筑的主题吸引了最好的建筑师的注意。他们将其作为一个设计实验领域，立即意识到该结构的战略使用如何彻底改变国际风格所提出的全钢和玻璃塔楼的刻板印象。Gio Ponti, Luigi Moretti和BBPR因此与Pier Luigi Nervi和Arturo Danusso建立了强大的合作伙伴关系，他们是摩天大楼设计领域最活跃的工程师。结果，在那些年的作品中，至少有三个杰作:米兰的贝拉斯卡塔和倍耐力摩天大楼，以及蒙特利尔的证券交易所大楼，后者在完工时也创下了世界上最高的钢筋混凝土建筑的记录。
{"title":"Rascacielos a la italiana. Construcción de gran altura en los años cincuenta y sesenta","authors":"G. Capurso","doi":"10.3989/ic.71572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/ic.71572","url":null,"abstract":"In the fifties and sixties, while Italian engineering was receiving important international awards, the theme of the tall building attracted the attention of the best architects. They made it a field of design experimentation, immediately sensing how the strategic use of the structure could revolutionize the already stereotyped image of the all-steel and glass towers proposed by the International Style. Gio Ponti, Luigi Moretti and the BBPR thus created formidable partnerships with Pier Luigi Nervi and Arturo Danusso, the most active engineers in the field of skyscraper design. The result was at least three masterpieces, among the works created in those years: the Velasca tower and the Pirelli skyscraper in Milan and the Stock Exchange tower in Montreal, which, at the time of its completion, also marked the record for the highest reinforced concrete building in the world.","PeriodicalId":54981,"journal":{"name":"Informes De La Construccion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70256520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article is focused on analysing the current situation of timber high-rise construction. It begins with a historical review from the traditional Pagodas (up to 63 m tall) to visions of the future that rises to 350 m. It states the technical development that has led mass timber to today’s engineered products and its researches. It displays timber’s behaviour to fire and its properties as a structural material compared to others more commonly used in high-rise construction. It proves to be as mechanically competitive as concrete or high strength steel. Different strategies can be used against horizontal forces to obtain maximum slenderness. However, its main advantage, from an ecological point of view, is its capacity to absorb CO 2 , which, along its high degree of prefabrication, makes it a sustainable alternative with an increasing acceptance.
{"title":"Madera en altura, estado del arte","authors":"B. Orta, J. E. Martínez-Gayá, J. Cervera, J. Aira","doi":"10.3989/ic.71578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/ic.71578","url":null,"abstract":"This article is focused on analysing the current situation of timber high-rise construction. It begins with a historical review from the traditional Pagodas (up to 63 m tall) to visions of the future that rises to 350 m. It states the technical development that has led mass timber to today’s engineered products and its researches. It displays timber’s behaviour to fire and its properties as a structural material compared to others more commonly used in high-rise construction. It proves to be as mechanically competitive as concrete or high strength steel. Different strategies can be used against horizontal forces to obtain maximum slenderness. However, its main advantage, from an ecological point of view, is its capacity to absorb CO 2 , which, along its high degree of prefabrication, makes it a sustainable alternative with an increasing acceptance.","PeriodicalId":54981,"journal":{"name":"Informes De La Construccion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49381951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Pérez-Sánchez, R. Mora-García, J. Pérez-Sánchez, M. F. Céspedes-López
This paper estimates the impact that the characteristics of second-hand homes in Alicante have on the asking price. In order to carry out this research, information has been used from real estate portals, which offer information such as the characteristics of dwellings, the building, their geographical location and asking prices. The analysis is developed in the province of Alicante geographic context. A hedonic regression is estimated in which the dwellings characteristics and location act as independent variables, and the asking price as a dependent value. The results show significant differences in the dwelling asking price depending on its characteristics and location, suggesting higher prices for dwellings: located in the coastal regions of the north of Alicante, that have a swimming pool, garden or parking space. However, dwellings with lower asking prices are: those located in southern and inland regions of the province.
{"title":"La influencia de las características de las viviendas de segunda mano en sus precios de venta: evidencias en el mercado alicantino","authors":"V. Pérez-Sánchez, R. Mora-García, J. Pérez-Sánchez, M. F. Céspedes-López","doi":"10.3989/ic.68059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/ic.68059","url":null,"abstract":"This paper estimates the impact that the characteristics of second-hand homes in Alicante have on the asking price. In order to carry out this research, information has been used from real estate portals, which offer information such as the characteristics of dwellings, the building, their geographical location and asking prices. The analysis is developed in the province of Alicante geographic context. A hedonic regression is estimated in which the dwellings characteristics and location act as independent variables, and the asking price as a dependent value. The results show significant differences in the dwelling asking price depending on its characteristics and location, suggesting higher prices for dwellings: located in the coastal regions of the north of Alicante, that have a swimming pool, garden or parking space. However, dwellings with lower asking prices are: those located in southern and inland regions of the province.","PeriodicalId":54981,"journal":{"name":"Informes De La Construccion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49036583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Anaya, J. Rodríguez, C. Andrade, B. Martín-Pérez, C. López Hombrados
Bond between steel and concrete in prestressed concrete members may be degraded due to different reasons, being one of the most frequent ones the corrosion induced damage. Transfer length is the key indicator to describe the bond properties between prestressed steel and concrete. Through tests on prestressed beams, this paper is focused on the experimental verification of an analytical model developed to analyse the processes of bond degradation due to the corrosion of both indented and smooth wires, and its influence on the behaviour of prestressed concrete members. The model is based on both the thick-walled cylinder theory and the cohesive cracking for concrete.
{"title":"Determinación de la longitud de transferencia de alambres con distintos grados de corrosión en elementos pretensados de hormigón","authors":"P. Anaya, J. Rodríguez, C. Andrade, B. Martín-Pérez, C. López Hombrados","doi":"10.3989/ic.71428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/ic.71428","url":null,"abstract":"Bond between steel and concrete in prestressed concrete members may be degraded due to different reasons, being one of the most frequent ones the corrosion induced damage. Transfer length is the key indicator to describe the bond properties between prestressed steel and concrete. Through tests on prestressed beams, this paper is focused on the experimental verification of an analytical model developed to analyse the processes of bond degradation due to the corrosion of both indented and smooth wires, and its influence on the behaviour of prestressed concrete members. The model is based on both the thick-walled cylinder theory and the cohesive cracking for concrete.","PeriodicalId":54981,"journal":{"name":"Informes De La Construccion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45482778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The analysis of complex structures, such as panels composed of various materials, is difficult to model due to the variability in the mechanical properties of the materials. The foregoing, coupled with non-linearity in the behavior of materials, makes the application of traditional numerical methods difficult and highly demanding in computational time. The present work introduces a less conventional technique like the artificial neural networks (ANN) for the modeling of the permanent deformation and damages in a compose slab subjected to flexion. 400 ANN models were trained and verified, which were able to model the non-linearity of the structural element, successfully reproduce the damages due to cracking and buckling of the panel, as well as reproduce the global permanent deformation of the element.
{"title":"Estudio experimental y simulación del comportamiento inelástico de paneles compuestos usando redes neuronales artificiales","authors":"Wilmer Barreto, R. Picón","doi":"10.3989/ic.70957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/ic.70957","url":null,"abstract":"The analysis of complex structures, such as panels composed of various materials, is difficult to model due to the variability in the mechanical properties of the materials. The foregoing, coupled with non-linearity in the behavior of materials, makes the application of traditional numerical methods difficult and highly demanding in computational time. The present work introduces a less conventional technique like the artificial neural networks (ANN) for the modeling of the permanent deformation and damages in a compose slab subjected to flexion. 400 ANN models were trained and verified, which were able to model the non-linearity of the structural element, successfully reproduce the damages due to cracking and buckling of the panel, as well as reproduce the global permanent deformation of the element.","PeriodicalId":54981,"journal":{"name":"Informes De La Construccion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41574503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thermochromic materials, with optical properties changing with temperature, optimize the use of solar energy by the building envelope for the improvement of energy efficiency. The purpose of this research is to determine the impact of a thermochromic mortar (TM) facade coating on the building energy performance in a Mediterranean climate. A new calculation methodology is proposed to implement the dynamical optical properties of the mortar in conventional energetic simulation tools. This study considers a coating with variable optical properties that move from 0,65 to 0,60 solar absorptance value, and a transition temperature moving from 20oC to 35oC. The mortar shows a dark grey colour for low temperatures and a light colour for high temperatures. The building with TM coating shows a 3 % lower yearly energy demand than the building with non-variable optical properties, with a maximum heating demand reduction reaching 8 %.
{"title":"Revestimiento de mortero termocrómico en fachada: impacto en la eficiencia energética del edificio","authors":"M. Gavira, G. Pérez, C. Acha, A. Guerrero","doi":"10.3989/ic.69899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/ic.69899","url":null,"abstract":"Thermochromic materials, with optical properties changing with temperature, optimize the use of solar energy by the building envelope for the improvement of energy efficiency. The purpose of this research is to determine the impact of a thermochromic mortar (TM) facade coating on the building energy performance in a Mediterranean climate. A new calculation methodology is proposed to implement the dynamical optical properties of the mortar in conventional energetic simulation tools. This study considers a coating with variable optical properties that move from 0,65 to 0,60 solar absorptance value, and a transition temperature moving from 20oC to 35oC. The mortar shows a dark grey colour for low temperatures and a light colour for high temperatures. The building with TM coating shows a 3 % lower yearly energy demand than the building with non-variable optical properties, with a maximum heating demand reduction reaching 8 %.","PeriodicalId":54981,"journal":{"name":"Informes De La Construccion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46616377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Perform serviceability requirements in reinforced concrete sections according to codes and standards need the knowledge of strain and stress in steel bars within the section. For general axial and biaxial bending, obtaining the response equilibrium plane of the transversal section is a problem that has to be solved by means of a numerical method. This paper exposes a general approach for this purpose, based on moment curvature families of diagrams for the external axial load, and presents an experimental evaluation. The method is universal in terms of to external loads, shape of the transversal sections, and also constitutive models of materials involved.
{"title":"Flexión compuesta esviada en secciones de hormigón armado. Aproximación numérica","authors":"R. Lanti, M. Martínez","doi":"10.3989/ic.69148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/ic.69148","url":null,"abstract":"Perform serviceability requirements in reinforced concrete sections according to codes and standards need the knowledge of strain and stress in steel bars within the section. For general axial and biaxial bending, obtaining the response equilibrium plane of the transversal section is a problem that has to be solved by means of a numerical method. This paper exposes a general approach for this purpose, based on moment curvature families of diagrams for the external axial load, and presents an experimental evaluation. The method is universal in terms of to external loads, shape of the transversal sections, and also constitutive models of materials involved.","PeriodicalId":54981,"journal":{"name":"Informes De La Construccion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46785304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. J. Roldán Medina, J. F. Reinoso Gordo, A. J. Gómez-Blanco Pontes
Se registra la geometría del edificio medieval del Corral del Carbón de Granada para posteriormente proceder al análisis metrológico y parametrización de sus dimensiones. El levantamiento se ha realizado mediante escáner láser 3D complementado con modelos fotogramétricos. Se adopta la premisa metrológica de que toda medida se compone con lados y diagonales de cuadrado antropométrico, lo que permite reconstruir las aparentes trazas del edificio. Se trata de una cuadrícula casi regular con el módulo de métrica Nazarí 2 de 182 cm como patrón cuadrado repetitivo, pero que adopta composiciones dinámicas en distintos elementos. Sorprende la curvatura de las galerías, y se detectan partes añadidas con distinta métrica. Los resultados animan a implantar los estudios antropométricos del patrimonio como fase de investigación histórica inmediatamente posterior al registro de su geometría, y previa a la modelización eBIM.
{"title":"Registro y parametrización antropométrica del patrimonio arquitectónico: el Corral del Carbón de Granada","authors":"F. J. Roldán Medina, J. F. Reinoso Gordo, A. J. Gómez-Blanco Pontes","doi":"10.3989/ic.72000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/ic.72000","url":null,"abstract":"Se registra la geometría del edificio medieval del Corral del Carbón de Granada para posteriormente proceder al análisis metrológico y parametrización de sus dimensiones. El levantamiento se ha realizado mediante escáner láser 3D complementado con modelos fotogramétricos. Se adopta la premisa metrológica de que toda medida se compone con lados y diagonales de cuadrado antropométrico, lo que permite reconstruir las aparentes trazas del edificio. Se trata de una cuadrícula casi regular con el módulo de métrica Nazarí 2 de 182 cm como patrón cuadrado repetitivo, pero que adopta composiciones dinámicas en distintos elementos. Sorprende la curvatura de las galerías, y se detectan partes añadidas con distinta métrica. Los resultados animan a implantar los estudios antropométricos del patrimonio como fase de investigación histórica inmediatamente posterior al registro de su geometría, y previa a la modelización eBIM.","PeriodicalId":54981,"journal":{"name":"Informes De La Construccion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70256585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The main objective is to perform a quantitative and qualitative analysis from the institutional point of view of the related research on Building Information Modeling (BIM) collected in the Web of Science Core Collection during the period 2003- 2017. For this, all documents of the type ‘article’ or ‘review’ were reviewed and several bibliometric indicators analyzed. Similarly, the international dissemination of the research of the 16 most productive countries was analyzed, indicating the publication journals of each country and concluding that the main journals. USA is the most productive country although with a relative impact factor slightly higher than average due to the dispersion of its publications in journals of medium or low impact. It also shows how Curtin University (Australia) and the Georgia Institute of Technology (USA) have been the most productive and high impact institutions, although the outstanding rise of Hong Kong Polytechnic University is noted.
主要目标是从机构的角度对2003-2017年期间收集在Web of Science核心收藏中的建筑信息建模（BIM）的相关研究进行定量和定性分析。为此，审查了所有“文章”或“综述”类型的文件，并分析了几个文献计量指标。同样，对16个产量最高的国家的研究在国际上的传播情况进行了分析，指出了每个国家的出版期刊，并得出了主要期刊的结论。美国是生产力最高的国家，尽管由于其出版物分散在中等或低影响的期刊上，其相对影响系数略高于平均水平。它还显示了科廷大学（澳大利亚）和佐治亚理工学院（美国）是最富有成效和影响力的机构，尽管香港理工大学的杰出崛起值得注意。
{"title":"Análisis bibliométrico mundial de BIM a través de la colección principal de la Web of Science (2003-2017)","authors":"J. I. Rojas-Sola, Á. I. Aguilera-García","doi":"10.3989/ic.66768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/ic.66768","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective is to perform a quantitative and qualitative analysis from the institutional point of view of the related research on Building Information Modeling (BIM) collected in the Web of Science Core Collection during the period 2003- 2017. For this, all documents of the type ‘article’ or ‘review’ were reviewed and several bibliometric indicators analyzed. Similarly, the international dissemination of the research of the 16 most productive countries was analyzed, indicating the publication journals of each country and concluding that the main journals. USA is the most productive country although with a relative impact factor slightly higher than average due to the dispersion of its publications in journals of medium or low impact. It also shows how Curtin University (Australia) and the Georgia Institute of Technology (USA) have been the most productive and high impact institutions, although the outstanding rise of Hong Kong Polytechnic University is noted.","PeriodicalId":54981,"journal":{"name":"Informes De La Construccion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42832776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the field of construction, a technical pathology report is a document where a technical expert in this discipline makes known their technical opinion thereon to a layman who has no real understanding or to another expert with less knowledge. In order for the addressee to trust the technician’s opinion, it’s necessary to appreciate internal consistency and plausibility in the report, among other things. Scientific and technical knowledge, presupposed in the author is not enough because the best technical argumentation can not properly transmit its content. Therefore, it’s possible and necessary to introduce argument criteria, supplementary to purely technical ones, in order to improve transparency and comprehensibility in the report. For this reason, we are presenting a technical argumentation model, developed from others logic argument models, especially Toulmin’s one. It was exposed in 1979 and has been applied in very different fields, but not, unless we know, in building pathology.
{"title":"Modelo de argumentación técnica para el dictamen de patología de la edificación","authors":"L. Gómez-Martinho Palacio, F. Lasheras Merino","doi":"10.3989/ic.68833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/ic.68833","url":null,"abstract":"In the field of construction, a technical pathology report is a document where a technical expert in this discipline makes known their technical opinion thereon to a layman who has no real understanding or to another expert with less knowledge. In order for the addressee to trust the technician’s opinion, it’s necessary to appreciate internal consistency and plausibility in the report, among other things. Scientific and technical knowledge, presupposed in the author is not enough because the best technical argumentation can not properly transmit its content. Therefore, it’s possible and necessary to introduce argument criteria, supplementary to purely technical ones, in order to improve transparency and comprehensibility in the report. For this reason, we are presenting a technical argumentation model, developed from others logic argument models, especially Toulmin’s one. It was exposed in 1979 and has been applied in very different fields, but not, unless we know, in building pathology.","PeriodicalId":54981,"journal":{"name":"Informes De La Construccion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46604184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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