In the Iberian Peninsula there are numerous houses and heritage sites built with earthen materials. Nowadays, there is also a significant revival of the use of raw earth in modern architecture due to its ecological value and architectural performance. However, there is still a lack of scientific knowledge about its mechanical behavior, as well as specifications for a rigorous characterization. In this paper, an experimental analysis is carried out in order to develop a methodology for the characterization of the adobe masonry as a building material. Methodological issues for obtaining the strain field of the specimens and the choice of the Young module estimators are considered. The mechanical properties of the adobe masonry and the failure mechanisms are analyzed. In the present study, the mechanical behavior of the adobe masonry coming from the Guadalquivir riverbank in Seville (Spain) is specifically studied under compressive loads.
{"title":"Hacia una metodología para la caracterización experimental del comportamiento a compresión de la mampostería de adobe","authors":"J. D. Rodríguez-Mariscal, M. Solís","doi":"10.3989/ic.67456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/ic.67456","url":null,"abstract":"In the Iberian Peninsula there are numerous houses and heritage sites built with earthen materials. Nowadays, there is also a significant revival of the use of raw earth in modern architecture due to its ecological value and architectural performance. However, there is still a lack of scientific knowledge about its mechanical behavior, as well as specifications for a rigorous characterization. In this paper, an experimental analysis is carried out in order to develop a methodology for the characterization of the adobe masonry as a building material. Methodological issues for obtaining the strain field of the specimens and the choice of the Young module estimators are considered. The mechanical properties of the adobe masonry and the failure mechanisms are analyzed. In the present study, the mechanical behavior of the adobe masonry coming from the Guadalquivir riverbank in Seville (Spain) is specifically studied under compressive loads.","PeriodicalId":54981,"journal":{"name":"Informes De La Construccion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41912881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this article is to present a first typological classification of the great variety of traditional gypsum kilns that are still conserved in Spain and that have been used for the production of powdered gypsum historically. Following the “Study of traditional gypsum in Spain” for the Spanish Cultural Heritage Institute and subsequent research, it has been possible to locate, visit and mesure an outstanding number of gypsum kilns, which are currently in disuse except for specific cases. In all of them, the calcination process has been based on the same principle, the dehydration of gypsum stone, but they present constructive, morphological and functional differences as a whole that have been analyzed in detail. In addition, the achieved results show the existence of typological variations at a geographical level as well as differences in the kilns’ load and the production output.
{"title":"La diversidad tipológica de los hornos tradicionales de calcinación de yeso en España","authors":"V. La Spina, C. J. Grau Giménez","doi":"10.3989/ic.71670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/ic.71670","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this article is to present a first typological classification of the great variety of traditional gypsum kilns that are still conserved in Spain and that have been used for the production of powdered gypsum historically. Following the “Study of traditional gypsum in Spain” for the Spanish Cultural Heritage Institute and subsequent research, it has been possible to locate, visit and mesure an outstanding number of gypsum kilns, which are currently in disuse except for specific cases. In all of them, the calcination process has been based on the same principle, the dehydration of gypsum stone, but they present constructive, morphological and functional differences as a whole that have been analyzed in detail. In addition, the achieved results show the existence of typological variations at a geographical level as well as differences in the kilns’ load and the production output.","PeriodicalId":54981,"journal":{"name":"Informes De La Construccion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46148847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The transport of chloride in concrete by diffusion is a problem widely studied to determine the service-life of structures in marine environments. However, there is no procedure to calculate the chlorides transport when the concrete is cracked. The standards limit the width of the cracks according to the type of exposure environment. In this paper, the relation of the crack width with the diffusion coefficient is studied and the initiation time of chloride-induced corrosion in fissured concrete is estimated. A law has been obtained that allows to predict the variation of the corrosion initiation time according to the width of the crack.
{"title":"Periodo de iniciación de la corrosión por ión cloruro según la EHE 08 en elementos de hormigón fisurados","authors":"Julio Torres, C. Andrade, Javier Sánchez","doi":"10.3989/ic.70275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/ic.70275","url":null,"abstract":"The transport of chloride in concrete by diffusion is a problem widely studied to determine the service-life of structures in marine environments. However, there is no procedure to calculate the chlorides transport when the concrete is cracked. The standards limit the width of the cracks according to the type of exposure environment. In this paper, the relation of the crack width with the diffusion coefficient is studied and the initiation time of chloride-induced corrosion in fissured concrete is estimated. A law has been obtained that allows to predict the variation of the corrosion initiation time according to the width of the crack.","PeriodicalId":54981,"journal":{"name":"Informes De La Construccion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45373698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Durante la operación y el mantenimiento de los activos su performance puede disminuir. Si bien se han desarrollado una serie de herramientas y métodos para facilitar el proceso de evaluación del performance de los edificios, su complejidad y la falta de análisis de causalidad los hacen imprácticos. Este artículo pretende comprender las áreas de performance más relevantes para edificios no residenciales en general, y determinar los Key Performance Indicators (KPI) y su relación. Este estudio se basa en una revisión de la literatura, un focus group y una encuesta. Los resultados revelaron que los indicadores básicos utilizados para evaluar el performance de los edificios están relacionados con la seguridad y el correcto funcionamiento de los activos, la salud y confort, la funcionalidad de los espacios y la eficiencia energética. Los resultados también identificaron las relaciones entre los KPI y los factores externos para desarrollar un modelo causal para evaluar el performance de los edificios.
{"title":"Indicadores Operacionales del Performance y Análisis de Causalidad para Edificios No Residenciales","authors":"R. Bortolini, N. Forcada","doi":"10.3989/ic.67792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/ic.67792","url":null,"abstract":"Durante la operación y el mantenimiento de los activos su performance puede disminuir. Si bien se han desarrollado una serie de herramientas y métodos para facilitar el proceso de evaluación del performance de los edificios, su complejidad y la falta de análisis de causalidad los hacen imprácticos. Este artículo pretende comprender las áreas de performance más relevantes para edificios no residenciales en general, y determinar los Key Performance Indicators (KPI) y su relación. Este estudio se basa en una revisión de la literatura, un focus group y una encuesta. Los resultados revelaron que los indicadores básicos utilizados para evaluar el performance de los edificios están relacionados con la seguridad y el correcto funcionamiento de los activos, la salud y confort, la funcionalidad de los espacios y la eficiencia energética. Los resultados también identificaron las relaciones entre los KPI y los factores externos para desarrollar un modelo causal para evaluar el performance de los edificios.","PeriodicalId":54981,"journal":{"name":"Informes De La Construccion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70256336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the present article it is analyses the building work of the family’s Master Architect Joseph Ayora, and his contribution to the Valencian temples of the XVIIIth conceived following the hallenkirchen model. This master mason was born in a little village of Teruel, he will leave early indications of his activity as tracer and builder in Castellon’s province, where at least he is related to eleven temples, of which five are hall churches. In the Churches of Castell de Cabres and Cinctorres has been documented the authorship of its traces, in Vila-real its contribution was partial, whereas in the churches of Benifairo de les Valls and Suera it is presupposed. The graphical analysis based on the exhaustive raising of planes of the patrimonial constructed work and on the compared study of its regulatory tracings, its metrics and its composition, appears as a veracious tool, capable of clarifying supposed authorships and reveals the template of design of the tracers.
在本文中，它分析了家族的建筑大师Joseph Ayora的建筑工作，以及他对按照hallenkirchen模式构思的第十八世纪巴伦西亚神庙的贡献。这位泥瓦匠大师出生在Teruel的一个小村庄，他将在Castellon省留下他作为追踪者和建设者活动的早期迹象，在那里，他至少与十一座寺庙有关，其中五座是大厅教堂。在Castell de Cabres和Cintorres的教堂中，已经记录了其痕迹的作者，在Vila real，其贡献是部分的，而在Benifeiro de les Valls和Suera的教堂，这是预先假定的。图形分析基于对继承作品平面的详尽提出，并基于对其监管轨迹、指标及其组成的比较研究，似乎是一种准确的工具，能够澄清假定的作者身份，并揭示示踪剂的设计模板。
{"title":"Lectura de las proporciones utilizadas por el maestro Ayora en las iglesias salón valencianas del XVIII","authors":"B. Sáez Riquelme, À. M. Pitarch Roig","doi":"10.3989/ic.62812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/ic.62812","url":null,"abstract":"In the present article it is analyses the building work of the family’s Master Architect Joseph Ayora, and his contribution to the Valencian temples of the XVIIIth conceived following the hallenkirchen model. This master mason was born in a little village of Teruel, he will leave early indications of his activity as tracer and builder in Castellon’s province, where at least he is related to eleven temples, of which five are hall churches. In the Churches of Castell de Cabres and Cinctorres has been documented the authorship of its traces, in Vila-real its contribution was partial, whereas in the churches of Benifairo de les Valls and Suera it is presupposed. \u0000 \u0000The graphical analysis based on the exhaustive raising of planes of the patrimonial constructed work and on the compared study of its regulatory tracings, its metrics and its composition, appears as a veracious tool, capable of clarifying supposed authorships and reveals the template of design of the tracers.","PeriodicalId":54981,"journal":{"name":"Informes De La Construccion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42697707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. G. Fernandes, J. Branco, J. Barroso, P. H. Kirkegaard
A timber gridshell is a special type of structure that establishes a new framework for lightweight construction. It is posible to create a wide variety of shapes and geometries, therefore guaranteeing an enormous architectural freedom. However, given the variety of forms and the difficulty they can present, it is necessary to use different tools and information to support this complex process. The present paper explores the interaction between the information and the different tools used by architects and engineers during the designing and construction process of an elastic timber gridshell, by presenting a real case study with 42m 2 (6,5mx6,5m) after being erected, built with the intent to explore the design and constructive process together with integrated form finding methods. In the paper, both the architect’s and the engineer’s optimization goals are performed on the same case study. The designing process will be presented and the construction of the elastic gridshell will be described.
{"title":"Mallas elásticas de madera - Estructuras con un diseño integrado","authors":"J. G. Fernandes, J. Branco, J. Barroso, P. H. Kirkegaard","doi":"10.3989/ic.67614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/ic.67614","url":null,"abstract":"A timber gridshell is a special type of structure that establishes a new framework for lightweight construction. It is posible to create a wide variety of shapes and geometries, therefore guaranteeing an enormous architectural freedom. However, given the variety of forms and the difficulty they can present, it is necessary to use different tools and information to support this complex process. \u0000 \u0000The present paper explores the interaction between the information and the different tools used by architects and engineers during the designing and construction process of an elastic timber gridshell, by presenting a real case study with 42m 2 (6,5mx6,5m) after being erected, built with the intent to explore the design and constructive process together with integrated form finding methods. In the paper, both the architect’s and the engineer’s optimization goals are performed on the same case study. The designing process will be presented and the construction of the elastic gridshell will be described.","PeriodicalId":54981,"journal":{"name":"Informes De La Construccion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45979637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In order to achieve the benefits of daylight to illuminate work spaces, the daylight blocking should be avoided by the potential risk of glare. To achieve an adequate characterization of glare, it is important to consider the perception of the exposure time of the source in the field of vision (Aspect not included in the glare models). In order to determine how this perceptual aspect influences the glare sensation, two scenarios with two types of sunspots on the workplace were evaluated: 1) with greater depth of direct light income and more time in the field of view, 2) with less depth of entry and less time in the field of view. Behavioral parameters, subjective surveys (GSV) and photometric variables (DGP, EV and LR) were measured. The EV was the main explanatory variable (rho = 0.51). Also it was observed a greater tolerance to glare due to the transitory effect of the source.
{"title":"Confort visual en oficinas, factor temporal en la evaluación de deslumbramiento","authors":"J. Yamin, A. Pattini, E. Colombo","doi":"10.3989/ic.67992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/ic.67992","url":null,"abstract":"In order to achieve the benefits of daylight to illuminate work spaces, the daylight blocking should be avoided by the potential risk of glare. To achieve an adequate characterization of glare, it is important to consider the perception of the exposure time of the source in the field of vision (Aspect not included in the glare models). In order to determine how this perceptual aspect influences the glare sensation, two scenarios with two types of sunspots on the workplace were evaluated: 1) with greater depth of direct light income and more time in the field of view, 2) with less depth of entry and less time in the field of view. Behavioral parameters, subjective surveys (GSV) and photometric variables (DGP, EV and LR) were measured. The EV was the main explanatory variable (rho = 0.51). Also it was observed a greater tolerance to glare due to the transitory effect of the source.","PeriodicalId":54981,"journal":{"name":"Informes De La Construccion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47599638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Gallego Sánchez-Torij, E. Larrumbide Gómez-Rubiera, C. Bedoya Frutos
Recent research has studied the energy performance of buildings for educational use. However, the relationship between energy consumption and water consumption in this type of buildings does not seem to have been sufficiently explored. This paper presents results of an empirical research, based on the methodology of the operational energy audit, carried out in three buildings for educational use located in Madrid Community. Findings suggest that the water saving measures, such implant pearlizers, timers or double push buttons, are relevant in terms of improving energy efficiency, they suppose moderate investments and they obtain simple return periods of investment attractive to the managers of the buildings. New avenues of research are opened that aim to carry out the analysis of other flows of matter and information, so as to establish the relationship between these flows and the consumption of energy that they suppose.
{"title":"Metabolismo en los edificios. Estudio de medidas para el ahorro del consumo de agua en tres centros docentes en Madrid","authors":"J. Gallego Sánchez-Torij, E. Larrumbide Gómez-Rubiera, C. Bedoya Frutos","doi":"10.3989/ic.67829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/ic.67829","url":null,"abstract":"Recent research has studied the energy performance of buildings for educational use. However, the relationship between energy consumption and water consumption in this type of buildings does not seem to have been sufficiently explored. This paper presents results of an empirical research, based on the methodology of the operational energy audit, carried out in three buildings for educational use located in Madrid Community. Findings suggest that the water saving measures, such implant pearlizers, timers or double push buttons, are relevant in terms of improving energy efficiency, they suppose moderate investments and they obtain simple return periods of investment attractive to the managers of the buildings. New avenues of research are opened that aim to carry out the analysis of other flows of matter and information, so as to establish the relationship between these flows and the consumption of energy that they suppose.","PeriodicalId":54981,"journal":{"name":"Informes De La Construccion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47761193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. C. Fernández-Cabo, A. González Uriel, M. De Miguel Sánchez
Este artículo analiza un caso excepcional en la carpintería de armar en España. Se trata del artesonado de cinco paños de la iglesia de Santa María del Río, en Castroverde de Campos (Zamora). Construido en el s. XVI, con una trama de artesones poligonales en su intradós, combina el diseño renacentista con la tradición técnica hispano-musulmana de estructuras de madera, y presenta aportaciones novedosas como la inusual disposición de escuadrías, la duplicidad de estructuras y las poco ortodoxas uniones carpinteras utilizadas. Además, la introducción de artesones convexos junto a los convencionales artesones cóncavos le confiere un marcado aspecto manierista y resuelve ingeniosamente el encuentro entre paños. La muy posible coincidencia de diseñador y constructor en la misma persona explicaría un proceso de construcción con módulos prefabricados, con el consiguiente ahorro de costes y riesgos laborales.
本文分析了西班牙armmar木工行业的一个例外案例。这是位于Castroverde de Campos(萨莫拉)的Santa maria del rio教堂的五块嵌板。它建于16世纪，内部由多边形工匠编织而成，将文艺复兴时期的设计与西班牙-穆斯林木结构技术传统相结合，并引入了新的元素，如不寻常的方形布局、结构的重复和非正统的木匠连接。此外，在传统的凹面手艺人的基础上引入凸手艺人，使其具有明显的矫饰风格，巧妙地解决了布料之间的交集。设计师和建造者很可能在同一个人身上匹配，这就解释了预制模块的施工过程，从而节省了成本和职业风险。
{"title":"Un artesonado poliédrico manierista en Castroverde de Campos (Zamora, España)","authors":"M. C. Fernández-Cabo, A. González Uriel, M. De Miguel Sánchez","doi":"10.3989/ic.64238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/ic.64238","url":null,"abstract":"Este artículo analiza un caso excepcional en la carpintería de armar en España. Se trata del artesonado de cinco paños de la iglesia de Santa María del Río, en Castroverde de Campos (Zamora). Construido en el s. XVI, con una trama de artesones poligonales en su intradós, combina el diseño renacentista con la tradición técnica hispano-musulmana de estructuras de madera, y presenta aportaciones novedosas como la inusual disposición de escuadrías, la duplicidad de estructuras y las poco ortodoxas uniones carpinteras utilizadas. Además, la introducción de artesones convexos junto a los convencionales artesones cóncavos le confiere un marcado aspecto manierista y resuelve ingeniosamente el encuentro entre paños. La muy posible coincidencia de diseñador y constructor en la misma persona explicaría un proceso de construcción con módulos prefabricados, con el consiguiente ahorro de costes y riesgos laborales.","PeriodicalId":54981,"journal":{"name":"Informes De La Construccion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70255839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Azcarate Mutiloa, J. Á. Acero Alejandro, J. Arrizabalaga Ibarzabal
The mitigation of the Urban Heat Island is one of the biggest future challenges in cities due to climate change. One of the methods to achieve the cooling of urban spaces is the attenuation of solar radiation provided by the trees. In the present article, a methodology of selection of arboreal species is proposed for the improvement of thermal comfort in urbanized areas of the eastern part of the Cantabrian coast. Starting from a pre-selection of native species, a classification of various species suitable for shading is obtained, describing its main characteristics and its possible use scope according to the typology of urban space.
{"title":"Metodología de selección de especies de arbolado para el sombreado urbano en la parte oriental de la cornisa Cantábrica","authors":"I. Azcarate Mutiloa, J. Á. Acero Alejandro, J. Arrizabalaga Ibarzabal","doi":"10.3989/ic.65135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/ic.65135","url":null,"abstract":"The mitigation of the Urban Heat Island is one of the biggest future challenges in cities due to climate change. One of the methods to achieve the cooling of urban spaces is the attenuation of solar radiation provided by the trees. In the present article, a methodology of selection of arboreal species is proposed for the improvement of thermal comfort in urbanized areas of the eastern part of the Cantabrian coast. Starting from a pre-selection of native species, a classification of various species suitable for shading is obtained, describing its main characteristics and its possible use scope according to the typology of urban space.","PeriodicalId":54981,"journal":{"name":"Informes De La Construccion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41337508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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