Informatics for Health & Social Care最新文献

To survey the health-seeking behaviors and perspectives of the Egyptian population toward the COVID-19 pandemic. A descriptive survey was designed and disseminated via social media platforms. The survey consisted of 32 questions addressing respondent's demographics, knowledge, practice, and attitude toward the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 25,994 Egyptians participated in the survey from the 29 Egyptian governorates. More than 99% of the respondents were aware of the COVID-19 pandemic. Responses showed split opinions regarding whether people should wear gloves or masks to prevent COVID-19 infection (47.7% and 49.5% replied with "False", respectively). Almost one-quarter (23.1%) of the respondents went to crowded places during the last 14 days. Calling the emergency hotline and self-isolation at home were the most frequent practices to deal with COVID-19 symptoms (34.1% and 44.5%, respectively). A total of 85% of respondents reported their confidence in the Egyptian healthcare system to win the battle against COVID-19 despite the challenges. A vast majority of this large population sample reported reasonable knowledge levels and potentially appropriate practices toward COVID-19.

The COVID-19 pandemic requires an urgent action to transform health-care delivery and to promote research and capacity-building nursing programs. Specifically, many countries at the global level have described nursing informatics as an essential competence for nurse professionals. In Peru, nursing personnel represents the largest health workforce group and nursing informatics is still emerging, but the field appear to hold much promise. In this sense, the Peruvian Ministry of Health (MoH) defined in 2020 the core nursing competences, which included a technology and innovation domain. The competence established to apply scientifically based technology and innovation to improve the processes or health service resources. The minimum competencies established by the MoH were as follows: to carry out innovations in processes or resources in their different professional performance areas, to creatively adapt technology in different areas of professional performance, to make rational and ethical use of health technologies with focus on new developments that will be evaluated and applied critically, and to manage information and communication technologies, and health information systems, with emphasis on telehealth (i.e. telemedicine, telecare management, tele-education, and tele-training). Besides the nursing competences defined by the MoH is a good starting point, this special contribution discusses the urgent need to strengthen nursing informatics competencies in Peru.

Examining the feasibility of developing an index measure for the social determinants of health using public data is needed. We examined these characteristics at the ZIP code in California and New York using public data extracted from the US Census, American Community Survey, the USDA Food Research Access Atlas, and the Dartmouth Atlas. We conducted a retrospective study from 2000 to 2017. The main outcome was a novel index measure representing six domains (economic stability, neighborhood and physical environment, education, community and social context, food access, and health care) and encompassing 13 items. The index measure at the ZIP code was created using principal component analysis, normalized to "0" worse and "1" better in California (ZIP codes n = 1,447 to 1,515) and New York (ZIP codes n = 1,211 to 1,298). We assessed the reliability and conducted a nonparametric comparison to the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation County Health Rankings, Area Deprivation Index, Social Deprivation Index, and GINI Index. These measures shared similarities and differences with the novel measure. Mapping of this novel measure showed regional variation. As a result, developing a universal social determinants of health measure is feasible and more research is needed to link it to health outcomes.

An early integration of users and stakeholders is needed for a successful innovation process. Nonetheless, the integration of users is often hard to realize - especially when dealing with persons with chronic diseases. In addition, patients or users in general often are not able to formulate the requirements in a technical manner. Therefore, even if user requirements are collected, it is not certain that the developers know or understand 'what is really wanted'. To overcome these 'gaps', we have developed so-called Action Sheets (AS). This article presents the use of AS in two projects: the development of health technologies for people with cancer (INFOPAT) and dementia (QuartrBack). Depending on the project context, group sessions were conducted with different stakeholders to identify the needs of (potential) users. Within the INFOPAT project, ten focus groups were conducted with patients, physicians and other healthcare professionals. In QuartrBack stakeholders like e.g. care professionals, technical assistance organizations and citizens participated in two focus groups and three world cafés. Their requirements were then 'fed' into the technology development by the use of AS. AS appear to be a promising tool to make user needs based on social values more tangible and implementable into technology development processes. In addition, it shows up that four phases seem to be necessary for transferring identified user and stakeholder needs into AS, which can therefore be seen as essential to translate non-technically formulated requirements into technically feasible ones. The case study shows as lessons learned that despite the successful integration of user needs, context-sensitive adjustments are still necessary.

Most maternal and newborn deaths in low-income countries, including Rwanda, are attributable to preventable causes. Timely access to Basic Emergency Obstetric and Newborn Care (BEmONC) guidelines to support clinical decisions could lead to better obstetric care thus reduction of maternal and newborn deaths. Besides, innovative methods such as the usage and reference to healthcare guidelines using mobile devices (mhealth) may support clinical decision making. However, there is little evidence about mhealth that focuses on the clinical decision support process. This proposal aims to investigate the effect of the Safe Delivery mhealth Application(SDA) on nurses' and midwives' clinical decision making, so as to inform mhealth interventions for work in specific contexts. The study adopts a quasi-experimental design. Convergent parallel mixed - methods will be used to collect, analyze and interpret data. A pre-intervention assessment of the BEmONC outcomes: Apgar score and PPH progressions, and related knowledge, skills, and perceptions of nurses and midwives will be conducted. The intervention will take place in two district hospitals in Rwanda and entails the implementation of the SDA for six months. Six months' post-intervention, the effect of the SDA on BEmONC outcomes and the nurses' and midwives' knowledge and skills will be evaluated.

Geographically explicit Ecological Momentary Assessment (GEMA), an extension of Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA), allows to record time-stamped geographic location information for behavioral data in the every-day environments of study participants. Considering that GEMA studies are continually gaining the attention of researchers and currently there is no single approach in collecting GEMA data, in this paper, we propose and present a GEMA architecture that can be used to conduct any GEMA study based on our experience developing and maintaining the Postpartum Mothers Mobile Study (PMOMS). Our GEMA client-server architecture can be customized to meet the specific requirements of each GEMA study. Key features of our proposed GEMA architecture include: utilization of widely used smartphones to make GEMA studies practical; alleviation of the burden of activities on participants by designing clients (mobile applications) that are very lightweight and servers that are heavyweight in terms of functionality; utilization of at least one positioning sensor to determine EMA contexts marked with locations; and communication through the Internet. We believe that our proposed GEMA architecture, with the illustrated foundation for GEMA studies in our exemplar study (PMOMS), will help researchers from any field conduct GEMA studies efficiently and effectively.

Humanoid robots have already been shown to be useful in healthcare. To ensure successful interactions with humanoid robots, is it essential that the factors that influence users' sense of security be understood. Ensuring patients' sense of security is considered a key principle of good caring. The aim of this study was to illuminate users' sense of security with humanoid robots in healthcare. Twelve semi-structured interviews were conducted. The participants consisted of five women and seven men aged 24-77. Before being interviewed, the participants were shown a video vignette with Pepper, a fully developed humanoid robot, used in the daily care of patients. The data material was analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Most participants perceived the use of humanoid robots in healthcare to be both positive and negative. The overarching theme was: Ambivalent sense of security with humanoid robots in healthcare. The four categories revealed were: Humanoid robots are both reliable and unreliable, Humanoid robots are both safe and unsafe, Humanoid robots are both likable and scary, and Humanoid robots are both caring and uncaring. Here we increased knowledge of whether patients perceive a sense of security with humanoid robots in healthcare, including which fears users have. This is vital information that should be taken into consideration when further developing and introducing humanoid robots into the healthcare setting.

Objective: Health organizations increasingly digitize. However, studies reveal contradictory findings regarding the impact of healthcare information technology on health professionals. Therefore, the aim of this study is to describe the prevalence of technostress among health professionals and elaborate on the influencing factors.

Participants: A secondary analysis was conducted utilizing cross-sectional data from the study, "Work-related stress among health professionals in Switzerland", which included 8,112 health professionals from 163 health organizations in Switzerland.

Methods: ANOVA for group comparisons followed by post-hoc analyses, along with a Multilevel Model to identify influencing factors for technostress ranging from "0" (never/almost never) to "100" (always), were conducted.

Results: Health professionals experienced moderate technostress (mean 39.06, SD 32.54). Technostress differed between settings (p <.001) and health professions (p < .001). The model explains 18.1% of the variance with fixed effects, or 24.7% of the variance with fixed and random effects. Being a physician (β = 12.96), a nurse (β = 6.49), or the presence of an effort-reward-imbalance, increased technostress most (β = 6.11). A professional with no professional qualification (β = -7.94) showed the most reduction.

Conclusion: Health professionals experience moderate technostress. However, decision-makers should consider the cognitive and social aspects surrounding digitalization, to reach a beneficial and sustainable level of usage.

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of current rapid response applications available in acute care settings for escalation of patient deterioration. Current challenges and barriers, as well as key recommendations, were also discussed.

Methods: We adopted PRISMA review methodology and screened a total of 559 articles. After considering the eligibility and selection criteria, we selected 13 articles published between 2015 and 2019. The selection criteria were based on the inclusion of studies that report on the advancement made to the current practice for providing rapid response to the patient deterioration in acute care settings.

Results: We found that current rapid response applications are complicated and time-consuming for detecting inpatient deterioration. Existing applications are either siloed or challenging to use, where clinicians are required to move between two or three different applications to complete an end-to-end patient escalation workflow - from vital signs collection to escalation of deteriorating patients. We found significant differences in escalation and responses when using an electronic tool compared to the manual approach. Moreover, encouraging results were reported in extensive documentation of vital signs and timely alerts for patient deterioration.

Conclusion: The electronic vital signs monitoring applications are proved to be efficient and clinically suitable if they are user-friendly and interoperable. As an outcome, several key recommendations and features were identified that would be crucial to the successful implementation of any rapid response system in all clinical settings.

To design and evaluate a mental health treatment program and internet-based delivery platform for patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) attending cardiac rehabilitation with the aim of reducing the risks associated with anxiety and/or depression. Patients diagnosed with IHD and comorbid anxiety and/or depression. Participatory design of treatment program and internet platform through staged inclusion of participants in two groups. Group 1 was enrolled as co-researchers with prolonged engagement in the project. Group 2 participated only in the pilot evaluation workshop. Three patients were included in Group 1, two patients in Group 2. Inclusion of patients proved challenging, but the extended collaboration with co-researchers yielded valuable circumstantial insight and resulted in the design of a novel nine-module treatment program. Additionally, the inclusion of two participant groups helped shape the development of an internet platform based on an open-source content management system. Our grouped participation method contributes with several recommendations and reflections of advantages of this approach. Collaboration with co-researchers helped us gain a deeper understanding of the impact of language on self-perception and potential stigma. Prolonged participation led to a higher level of trust and familiarity, which enabled uncovering of issues otherwise hidden.