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The effect of virtual reality treadmill training on obstacle crossing parameters in older adults 虚拟现实跑步机训练对老年人跨越障碍参数的影响
IF 2.1 3区 心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-06-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2024.103247
Alexander Gioia , Theresa Libera , Garret Burks , Sara Arena , Renee N. Hamel , Lisa A. Zukowski

With increased age, walking without tripping requires greater cognitive demand. Therefore, it may be beneficial for training interventions to address and incorporate aspects of cognitive load. The purpose of this study was to compare a semi-immersive virtual reality treadmill training (VRTT) and conventional treadmill training (CTT) on obstacle clearance and trip hazard in older adults. Obstacle clearance parameters were measured with foot-mounted inertial measurement units (IMUs) and a Zeno pressure walkway. All data were processed and analyzed through custom Matlab scripts. Obstacle step height mean decreased (p = .003) in the lead limb following both training interventions. Additional significant changes were found in pre- and post-obstacle distance mean following both training interventions. Furthermore, significant correlations were found between demographic, cognitive, and functional mobility assessments and changes in dependent measures. The findings suggest that both the VRTT and CTT interventions may provide a reduction in trip risk in older adults, although through different methods.

随着年龄的增长,在不绊倒的情况下行走需要更高的认知要求。因此,训练干预措施如果能解决并纳入认知负荷方面的问题,可能会有所裨益。本研究旨在比较半沉浸式虚拟现实跑步机训练(VRTT)和传统跑步机训练(CTT)对老年人障碍清除和绊倒危险的影响。障碍物间隙参数是通过脚部安装的惯性测量单元(IMU)和芝诺压力步道测量的。所有数据均通过定制的 Matlab 脚本进行处理和分析。在两种训练干预后,领先肢体的障碍步高平均值均有所下降(p = .003)。在两种训练干预后,障碍前和障碍后的平均距离也发生了明显变化。此外,在人口统计学、认知和功能移动能力评估与依赖性测量的变化之间也发现了明显的相关性。研究结果表明,VRTT 和 CTT 两种干预方法虽然方法不同,但都能降低老年人的绊倒风险。
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引用次数: 0
The effects of conscious movement investment on inhibiting a golf stroke 有意识运动投资对抑制高尔夫击球的影响
IF 2.1 3区 心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-06-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2024.103248
Yihong You, John van der Kamp, Geert Savelsbergh

Previous studies have suggested an association between conscious movement investment and inhibiting motor actions. However, no within-designs were used in which conscious movement investment was manipulated. The current study compared changes in inhibition after instruction interventions that aimed to expand and limit conscious investment in the execution of a golf putting task. During a baseline and post-intervention test, participants were asked to putt balls in a hole. Randomly, an auditory stop-signal appeared 50 ms after reaching the end of backswing on some trials, signalling them to stop the downswing as quickly as possible. Between the two tests, the participants practiced under different instructions, without the stop-signal. One group (i.e., expanded conscious investment, ECIG) received multiple explicit movement-related instructions along with the internal focus of attention instructions, while the second group (i.e., limited conscious investment, LCIG) received a single analogy instruction paired with external focus of attention instructions. The results did not reveal significant differences in stopping rate and stopping time between the baseline and post-intervention tests and the two groups. However, a mediation analysis highlighted that the ECIG exhibited a greater change in downswing time compared to the LCIG. This change was correlated with a larger increase in stopping rate and stopping time. We conclude that conscious movement investment did not directly influence inhibition. Instead, we discuss how conscious movement investment may indirectly influence inhibition dependent on the putting kinematics.

以往的研究表明,有意识的运动投入与抑制性运动动作之间存在关联。然而,这些研究并没有使用内部设计来操纵有意识的运动投入。本研究比较了在执行高尔夫推杆任务时,旨在扩大和限制有意识投资的指导干预后抑制作用的变化。在基线和干预后测试中,参与者被要求将球推入洞中。在某些测试中,听觉停止信号会在上杆结束 50 毫秒后随机出现,提示参与者尽快停止下杆。在两次测试之间,受试者在不同的指令下进行练习,但没有停止信号。其中一组(即扩大有意识投资组,ECIG)在接受内部注意力集中指令的同时,还接受了多个与动作相关的明确指令,而第二组(即有限有意识投资组,LCIG)在接受外部注意力集中指令的同时,还接受了单一的类比指令。结果显示,基线测试和干预后测试以及两组之间在停止率和停止时间上没有明显差异。不过,中介分析显示,与 LCIG 相比,ECIG 在下杆时间上的变化更大。这种变化与停顿率和停顿时间的较大增长相关。我们的结论是,有意识的运动投资并不直接影响抑制作用。相反,我们讨论了有意识的运动投入如何间接影响抑制作用,这取决于推杆运动学。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of high-intensity interval training combined with dual-site transcranial direct current stimulation on inhibitory control and working memory in healthy adults 高强度间歇训练结合双部位经颅直流电刺激对健康成年人抑制控制和工作记忆的影响。
IF 2.1 3区 心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-06-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2024.103240
Tian Yue , Liang Liu , Michael A. Nitsche , Zhaowei Kong , Ming Zhang , Fengxue Qi

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) have been demonstrated to enhance inhibitory control and working memory (WM) performance in healthy adults. However, the potential benefits of combining these two interventions have been rarely explored and remain largely speculative. This study aimed to explore the effects of acute HIIT combined with dual-site tDCS over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC, F3 and F4) on inhibitory control and WM in healthy young adults. Twenty-five healthy college students (20.5 ± 1.3 years; 11 females) were recruited to complete HIIT + tDCS, HIIT + sham-tDCS, rest + tDCS, and rest + sham-tDCS (CON) sessions in a randomized crossover design. tDCS or sham-tDCS was conducted after completing HIIT or a rest condition of the same duration. The Stroop and 2-back tasks were used to evaluate the influence of this combined intervention on cognitive tasks involving inhibitory control and WM performance in post-trials, respectively. Response times (RTs) of the Stroop task significantly improved in the HIIT + tDCS session compared to the CON session across all conditions (all p values <0.05), in the HIIT + tDCS session compared to the rest + tDCS session in the congruent and neutral conditions (all p values <0.05), in the HIIT + sham-tDCS session compared to the CON session in the congruent and neutral conditions (all p values <0.05), in the HIIT + sham-tDCS session compared to the rest + tDCS session in the congruent condition (p = 0.015). No differences were found between sessions in composite score of RT and accuracy in the Stroop task (all p values >0.05) and in the 2-back task reaction time and accuracy (all p values >0.05). We conclude that acute HIIT combined with tDCS effectively improved inhibitory control but it failed to yield cumulative benefits on inhibitory control and WM in healthy adults. These preliminary findings help to identify beneficial effects of combined interventions on cognitive performance and might guide future research with clinical populations.

经颅直流电刺激(tDCS)和高强度间歇训练(HIIT)已被证明能提高健康成年人的抑制控制和工作记忆(WM)能力。然而,人们很少探讨将这两种干预措施结合起来可能带来的益处,在很大程度上仍是一种推测。本研究旨在探索急性 HIIT 与背外侧前额叶皮层(DLPFC,F3 和 F4)双部位 tDCS 相结合对健康年轻人的抑制控制和工作记忆的影响。研究人员招募了 25 名健康大学生(20.5 ± 1.3 岁;11 名女性),采用随机交叉设计完成 HIIT + tDCS、HIIT + 假-tDCS、休息 + tDCS 和休息 + 假-tDCS(CON)训练。实验后分别使用 Stroop 任务和 2-back 任务来评估这种联合干预对涉及抑制控制和 WM 表现的认知任务的影响。在所有条件下,HIIT + tDCS疗程与CON疗程相比,Stroop任务的反应时间(RTs)均有显著改善(所有P值均为0.05),而2-back任务的反应时间和准确性也有显著改善(所有P值均大于0.05)。我们的结论是,急性 HIIT 结合 tDCS 能有效改善健康成年人的抑制控制能力,但未能对抑制控制能力和 WM 产生累积益处。这些初步研究结果有助于确定联合干预对认知能力的有益影响,并可指导未来对临床人群的研究。
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引用次数: 0
Force-field perturbations and muscle vibration strengthen stability-related foot placement responses during steady-state gait in healthy adults 力场扰动和肌肉振动加强了健康成年人稳态步态中与稳定性相关的足部位置反应
IF 2.1 3区 心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-06-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2024.103243
A.M. van Leeuwen , S.M. Bruijn , J.C. Dean

Mediolateral gait stability can be maintained by coordinating our foot placement with respect to the center-of-mass (CoM) kinematic state. Neurological impairments can reduce the degree of foot placement control. For individuals with such impairments, interventions that could improve foot placement control could thus contribute to improved gait stability. In this study we aimed to better understand two potential interventions, by investigating their effect in neurologically intact individuals. The degree of foot placement control can be quantified based on a foot placement model, in which the CoM position and velocity during swing predict subsequent foot placement. Previously, perturbing foot placement with a force-field resulted in an enhanced degree of foot placement control as an after-effect. Moreover, timed muscle vibration enhanced the degree of foot placement control whilst the vibration was applied. Here, we replicated these two findings and further investigated whether Q1) timed muscle vibration leads to an after-effect and Q2) whether combining timed muscle vibration with force-field perturbations leads to a larger after-effect, as compared to force-field perturbations only. In addition, we evaluated several potential contributors to the degree of foot placement control, by considering foot placement errors, CoM variability and the CoM position gain (βpos) of the foot placement model, next to the R2 measure as the degree of foot placement control. Timed muscle vibration led to a higher degree of foot placement control as an after-effect (Q1). However, combining timed muscle vibration and force-field perturbations did not lead to a larger after-effect, as compared to following force-field perturbations only (Q2). Furthermore, we showed that the improved degree of foot placement control following force-field perturbations and during/following muscle vibration, did not reflect diminished foot placement errors. Rather, participants demonstrated a stronger active response (higher βpos) as well as higher CoM variability.

通过协调我们脚的位置与重心(CoM)运动状态,可以保持步态的内外侧稳定性。神经损伤会降低足部位置控制的程度。因此,对于有此类障碍的人来说,能够改善足部位置控制的干预措施有助于提高步态稳定性。在这项研究中,我们旨在通过研究两种潜在干预措施对神经系统完好个体的影响,更好地了解这两种干预措施。足摆放控制的程度可根据足摆放模型进行量化,在该模型中,摆动过程中的CoM位置和速度可预测随后的足摆放。在此之前,用力场干扰脚的位置会导致脚的位置控制程度增强,这是一种后效应。此外,定时的肌肉振动在振动的同时也增强了脚的位置控制程度。在此,我们复制了这两项研究结果,并进一步研究了 Q1)定时肌肉振动是否会导致后效应;Q2)与力场扰动相比,将定时肌肉振动与力场扰动相结合是否会导致更大的后效应。此外,我们还考虑了足部放置误差、CoM 变异性和足部放置模型的 CoM 位置增益 (βpos),以及作为足部放置控制程度的 R2 测量值,从而评估了足部放置控制程度的几个潜在影响因素。定时肌肉振动的后效应(Q1)导致了更高的足部位置控制程度。然而,与只跟随力场扰动相比,结合定时肌肉振动和力场扰动并不会导致更大的后效应(Q2)。此外,我们还发现,在力场扰动和肌肉振动期间/之后,脚的位置控制程度有所提高,但这并不反映脚的位置错误有所减少。相反,参与者表现出了更强的主动反应(更高的βpos)以及更高的CoM变异性。
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引用次数: 0
The effect of planned active play on the fundamental movement skills of preschool children 有计划的积极游戏对学龄前儿童基本运动技能的影响
IF 2.1 3区 心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-06-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2024.103241
Mengyuan Bai , Nan Lin , Jane Jie Yu , Zitong Teng , Minjie Xu

Background

At present, Chinese children aged 3–6 years old are facing challenges such as insufficient physical activity, declining physical health, and obesity, and China has yet to issue curriculum standards or physical activity guidelines for this age group. At the same time, the present kindergarten physical activity curriculum is insufficient. To address this issue, this study focused on designing and executing a planned active play intervention program for the kindergarten setting to analyze its efficacy in enhancing children's fundamental movement skills (FMS). This study aims to provide a reference for the theoretical and practical exploration of children's acquisition of fundamental movement skills in the Chinese context.

Methods

Fifty-two preschoolers participated in this study and were either part of an intervention group (n = 30) or a control group (n = 24). Children's FMS were assessed before and after the intervention using the Test of Gross Motor Development-3 (TGMD-3) and the balance ability of the The Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 (MABC-2). Physical activity (PA) during the planned active play intervention and the routine physical activity curriculum were assessed using the SOFIT throughout the intervention.

Results

All the children significantly improved their locomotor skills, ball skills, and TGMD from baseline to the late assessment (p < 0.05). Children in the planned active play intervention group demonstrated greater rates of change (p < 0.001) and scored higher on ball skills and TGMD in the late assessment than those in the control group (p < 0.001). The children in the intervention group, but not those in the control group, significantly improved their balance over time (p < 0.05), and the former had greater rates of change (p < 0.001). Similarly, planned active play was found to provide children with more physical activity than the routine physical activity curriculum.

Conclusions

The eight-week planned active play intervention was effective in improving FMS in preschool children, with higher rates of FMS change in children who completed the intervention than children in the control group.

背景目前,中国 3-6 岁儿童正面临着体育活动不足、体质下降、肥胖等挑战,而中国尚未出台针对该年龄段儿童的课程标准或体育活动指南。同时,目前的幼儿园体育活动课程也存在不足。针对这一问题,本研究重点设计并实施了一个有计划的幼儿园积极游戏干预项目,分析其在提高儿童基本运动技能(FMS)方面的效果。研究方法52名学龄前儿童参加了本研究,他们分别属于干预组(30人)或对照组(24人)。在干预前后,使用《粗大运动发育测试-3》(TGMD-3)和《儿童运动评估电池-2》(MABC-2)的平衡能力对儿童的粗大运动发育进行评估。所有儿童的运动技能、球类技能和 TGMD 从基线到后期评估都有显著提高(p <0.05)。与对照组相比,有计划积极游戏干预组儿童的变化率更高(p < 0.001),在后期评估中,球类技能和 TGMD 的得分更高(p < 0.001)。随着时间的推移,干预组儿童的平衡能力明显提高(p <0.05),而对照组儿童的平衡能力则没有提高(p <0.001)。结论为期八周的有计划积极游戏干预能有效改善学龄前儿童的 FMS,完成干预的儿童的 FMS 变化率高于对照组儿童。
{"title":"The effect of planned active play on the fundamental movement skills of preschool children","authors":"Mengyuan Bai ,&nbsp;Nan Lin ,&nbsp;Jane Jie Yu ,&nbsp;Zitong Teng ,&nbsp;Minjie Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2024.103241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2024.103241","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>At present, Chinese children aged 3–6 years old are facing challenges such as insufficient physical activity, declining physical health, and obesity, and China has yet to issue curriculum standards or physical activity guidelines for this age group. At the same time, the present kindergarten physical activity curriculum is insufficient. To address this issue, this study focused on designing and executing a planned active play intervention program for the kindergarten setting to analyze its efficacy in enhancing children's fundamental movement skills (FMS). This study aims to provide a reference for the theoretical and practical exploration of children's acquisition of fundamental movement skills in the Chinese context.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Fifty-two preschoolers participated in this study and were either part of an intervention group (<em>n</em> = 30) or a control group (<em>n</em> = 24). Children's FMS were assessed before and after the intervention using the Test of Gross Motor Development-3 (TGMD-3) and the balance ability of the The Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 (MABC-2). Physical activity (PA) during the planned active play intervention and the routine physical activity curriculum were assessed using the SOFIT throughout the intervention.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>All the children significantly improved their locomotor skills, ball skills, and TGMD from baseline to the late assessment (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Children in the planned active play intervention group demonstrated greater rates of change (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) and scored higher on ball skills and TGMD in the late assessment than those in the control group (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). The children in the intervention group, but not those in the control group, significantly improved their balance over time (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05), and the former had greater rates of change (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Similarly, planned active play was found to provide children with more physical activity than the routine physical activity curriculum.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The eight-week planned active play intervention was effective in improving FMS in preschool children, with higher rates of FMS change in children who completed the intervention than children in the control group.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 103241"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141298079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effect of disease, freezing of gait, and dopaminergic medication in the biomechanics of trunk and upper limbs in the gait of Parkinson's disease 疾病、步态冻结和多巴胺能药物对帕金森病步态中躯干和上肢生物力学的影响
IF 2.1 3区 心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-06-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2024.103242
Emanuele Los Angeles , Claudia Eunice Neves de Oliveira , Layla Cupertino , Solaiman Shokur , Mohamed Bouri , Daniel Boari Coelho

Introduction

Parkinson's disease (PD) causes gait abnormalities that may be associated with an arm swing reduction. Medication and freezing of gait (FoG) may influence gait characteristics. However, these comparisons do not consider differences in gait speed and clinical characteristics in individuals with PD.

Objective

This study aims to analyze the effect of FoG and medication on the biomechanics of the trunk and upper limbs during gait in PD, controlling for gait speed and clinical differences between groups.

Methods

Twenty-two people with a clinical diagnosis of idiopathic PD in ON and OFF medication (11 FoG), and 35 healthy participants (control) were selected from two open data sets. All participants walked on the floor on a 10-m-long walkway. The joint and linear kinematic variables of gait were compared: (1) Freezers and nonfreezers in the ON condition and control; (2) Freezers and nonfreezers in the OFF condition and control; (3) Group (freezers and nonfreezers) and medication.

Results

The disease affects the upper limbs more strongly but not the trunk. The medication does not significantly influence the joint characteristics but rather the linear wrist displacement. The FoG does not affect trunk movement and partially influences the upper limbs. The interaction between medications and FoG suggests that the medication causes more substantial improvement in freezers than in nonfreezers.

Conclusion

The study shows differences in the biomechanics of the upper limbs of people with PD, FoG, and the absence of medication. The future rehabilitation protocol should consider this aspect.

导言帕金森病(PD)会导致步态异常,可能与手臂摆动幅度减小有关。药物治疗和冻结步态(FoG)可能会影响步态特征。本研究旨在分析 FoG 和药物治疗对帕金森病患者步态过程中躯干和上肢生物力学的影响,同时控制步态速度和组间临床差异。方法从两组开放数据中选取了 22 名临床诊断为特发性帕金森病的患者(11 名 FoG 患者)和 35 名健康参与者(对照组)。所有参与者都在 10 米长的走道上行走。对步态的关节和线性运动学变量进行了比较:(1) 开启条件下的冻结者和非冻结者与对照组;(2) 关闭条件下的冻结者和非冻结者与对照组;(3) 组别(冻结者和非冻结者)和药物。药物对关节特征没有明显影响,但对腕关节的线性位移有影响。FoG不影响躯干运动,但对上肢有部分影响。药物和 FoG 之间的相互作用表明,药物对冷冻者的改善比对非冷冻者的改善更明显。未来的康复方案应考虑到这一点。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of subclinical neck pain on eye and hand movements in goal-directed upper limb aiming movements 亚临床颈痛对目标引导的上肢瞄准运动中眼部和手部动作的影响。
IF 2.1 3区 心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2024.103238
Navika Cheema, Paul Yielder, Praveen Sanmugananthan, Ushani Ambalavanar, Bernadette Murphy

Individuals with untreated, mild-to-moderate recurrent neck pain or stiffness (subclinical neck pain (SCNP)) have been shown to have impairments in upper limb proprioception, and altered cerebellar processing. It is probable that aiming trajectories will be impacted since individuals with SCNP cannot rely on accurate proprioceptive feedback or feedforward processing (body schema) for movement planning and execution, due to altered afferent input from the neck. SCNP participants may thus rely more on visual feedback, to accommodate for impaired cerebellar processing. This quasi-experimental study sought to determine whether upper limb kinematics and oculomotor processes were impacted in those with SCNP. 25 SCNP and 25 control participants who were right-hand dominant performed bidirectional aiming movements using two different weighted styli (light or heavy) while wearing an eye-tracking device. Those with SCNP had a greater time to and time after peak velocity, which corresponded with a longer upper limb movement and reaction time, seen as greater constant error, less undershoot in the upwards direction and greater undershoot in the downwards direction compared to controls. SCNP participants also showed a trend towards a quicker ocular reaction and movement time compared to controls, while the movement distance was fairly similar between groups. This study indicates that SCNP alters aiming performances, with greater reliance on visual feedback, likely due to altered proprioceptive input leading to altered cerebellar processing.

未经治疗的轻度至中度复发性颈部疼痛或僵硬(亚临床颈痛 (SCNP))患者已被证明存在上肢本体感觉障碍和小脑处理改变。由于来自颈部的传入信息发生改变,亚临床颈痛患者无法依靠准确的本体感觉反馈或前馈处理(身体图式)进行运动规划和执行,因此很可能会影响瞄准轨迹。因此,SCNP 患者可能会更加依赖视觉反馈,以适应受损的小脑处理过程。这项准实验研究旨在确定 SCNP 患者的上肢运动学和眼球运动过程是否受到影响。25 名 SCNP 患者和 25 名右手优势的对照组参与者在佩戴眼动仪的情况下,使用两种不同重量的测针(轻型或重型)进行双向瞄准运动。与对照组相比,SCNP 患者达到峰值速度的时间和峰值速度之后的时间更长,这与上肢运动和反应时间更长相对应,表现为更大的恒定误差、向上方向的下偏更小以及向下方向的下偏更大。与对照组相比,SCNP 参与者的眼部反应和移动时间也有加快的趋势,而各组之间的移动距离则相当接近。这项研究表明,SCNP 会改变瞄准表现,更依赖于视觉反馈,这可能是由于本体感觉输入的改变导致了小脑处理的改变。
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引用次数: 0
Through the looking-glass: Mirror feedback modulates temporal and spatial aspects of bimanual coordination 透过望远镜镜像反馈调节双臂协调的时间和空间方面
IF 2.1 3区 心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-05-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2024.103237
J. Kim, S.-H. Yeo, T.D. Punt

Mirror therapy has become an effective and recommended intervention for a range of conditions affecting the upper limb (e.g. hemiparesis following stroke). However, little is known about how mirror feedback affects the control of bimanual movements (as performed during mirror therapy). In this study, in preparation for future clinical investigations, we examined the kinematics of bimanual circle drawing in unimpaired participants both with (Experiment 1) and without (Experiment 2) a visual template to guide movement. In both experiments, 15 unimpaired right-handed participants performed self-paced continuous bimanual circle-drawing movements with a mirror/symmetrical coordination pattern. For the mirror condition, vision was directed towards the mirror in order to monitor the reflected limb. In the no mirror condition, the direction of vision was unchanged, but the mirror was replaced with an opaque screen. Movements of both hands were recorded using motion capture apparatus. In both experiments, the most striking feature of movements was that the hand behind the mirror drifted spatially during the course of individual trials. Participants appeared to be largely unaware of this marked positional change of their unseen hand, which was most pronounced when a template to guide movement was visible (Experiment 1). Temporal asynchrony between the limbs was also affected by mirror feedback in both experiments; in the mirror condition, illusory vision of the unseen hand led to a relative phase lead for that limb. Our data highlight the remarkable impact that the introduction of a simple mirror can have on bimanual coordination. Modulation of spatial and temporal features is consistent with the mirror inducing a rapid and powerful visual illusion, the latter appearing to override proprioceptive signals.

镜像疗法已成为治疗一系列上肢疾病(如中风后偏瘫)的有效和推荐的干预方法。然而,人们对镜像反馈如何影响双臂运动(如在镜像疗法中进行的双臂运动)的控制知之甚少。在本研究中,为了给未来的临床研究做准备,我们在有视觉模板指导运动的情况下(实验 1)和没有视觉模板指导运动的情况下(实验 2),研究了未受损参与者双臂画圆的运动学。在这两项实验中,15 名没有障碍的右撇子参与者以镜像/对称协调模式进行了自定步调的连续双臂画圆运动。在镜像条件下,视线朝向镜子,以监测反射的肢体。在无镜子条件下,视线方向不变,但镜子换成了不透明的屏幕。使用动作捕捉仪器记录双手的动作。在这两个实验中,最显著的运动特征是镜子后面的手在单个试验过程中发生空间漂移。参与者似乎基本上没有意识到他们看不见的手的这种明显的位置变化,这种变化在有引导运动的模板时最为明显(实验 1)。在这两个实验中,肢体之间的时间不同步也受到镜像反馈的影响;在镜像条件下,未见之手的虚幻视觉导致该肢体的相对相位领先。我们的数据凸显了引入一个简单的镜子对双臂协调的显著影响。对空间和时间特征的调节与镜子诱发快速而强烈的视觉错觉相一致,后者似乎压倒了本体感觉信号。
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引用次数: 0
Reliability and validity of the force intersection point in the assessment of human quiet standing balance 力交点在人体静立平衡评估中的可靠性和有效性
IF 2.1 3区 心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-05-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2024.103239
Jennifer N. Bartloff , Kreg G. Gruben , Colin R. Grove

Background

This study evaluated psychometric properties of the Intersection Point Height, derived from ground-on-feet force characteristics, as a tool for assessing balance control. We compare this metric with traditional center of pressure (CP) measurements.

Methods

Data from a public dataset of 146 participants, divided into younger (<60 years old) and older (≥60 years old) adults, were analyzed. Clinical tests included the Short Falls Efficacy Scale-International, International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form, Trail Making Tests A and B, and the Mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test. Reliability and validity were assessed through the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC[3,1]) for mean Intersection Point Height in each test condition and Spearman's rho between summative Intersection Point Height (the sum of intra-condition mean values across all test conditions within one subject) and other variables of interest, respectively.

Findings

Mean Intersection Point Height showed good to excellent reliability (ICC = 0.712–0.901), similar to that of CP velocity (ICC = 0.733–0.922) and greater than that of variance CPx (0.475–0.768). Summative Intersection Point Height exhibited strong convergent validity with Trail Making Tests A and B (rho = 0.49, p < 0.001) and the Mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test (rho = −0.47, p < 0.001). At most, a weak to moderate association (rho = 0.39–0.49, p < 0.001) was found between intra-condition mean Intersection Point Height with CP metrics. Intra-condition mean Intersection Point Height demonstrated weak to moderate convergent validity with several clinical measures (rho = 0.32–0.52, p < 0.001). In contrast, at most, a weak to moderate association (rho = 0.39–0.49, p < 0.001) was found between intra-condition mean Intersection Point Height with CP metrics.

Interpretation

The Intersection Point Height is a reliable and valid balance measure. Further, we believe that it is a more comprehensive evaluation than CP metrics.

背景本研究评估了交点高度的心理测量特性,交点高度是根据脚着地力特征得出的,可作为评估平衡控制能力的工具。我们将这一指标与传统的压力中心(CP)测量方法进行了比较。研究分析了来自公共数据集的 146 名参与者的数据,这些参与者分为年轻人(60 岁)和老年人(≥60 岁)。临床测试包括国际短期跌倒功效量表、国际体力活动调查问卷-简表、路径制作测试 A 和 B 以及迷你平衡评估系统测试。信度和效度分别通过每个测试条件下交叉点平均高度的类内相关系数(ICC[3,1])和交叉点平均高度(一个受试者所有测试条件下的类内平均值之和)与其他相关变量之间的斯皮尔曼rho进行评估。研究结果交叉点高度均值显示出良好至卓越的可靠性(ICC = 0.712-0.901),与 CP 速度的可靠性(ICC = 0.733-0.922)相似,大于 CPx 方差的可靠性(0.475-0.768)。总和交叉点高度与路径制作测试 A 和 B(rho = 0.49,p < 0.001)以及小型平衡评估系统测试(rho = -0.47,p < 0.001)具有很强的趋同效度。条件内平均交叉点高度与心肺功能指标之间最多存在弱到中等程度的关联(rho = 0.39-0.49, p <0.001)。条件内平均交叉点高度与几种临床测量指标之间表现出弱到中等的收敛有效性(rho = 0.32-0.52,p <0.001)。相比之下,条件内平均交叉点高度与 CP 指标之间最多只有弱到中等程度的关联(rho = 0.39-0.49,p <0.001)。此外,我们认为它比 CP 指标的评估更全面。
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引用次数: 0
Repeated exposure to virtual reality decreases reliance on visual inputs for balance control in healthy adults 反复接触虚拟现实会降低健康成年人在控制平衡时对视觉输入的依赖。
IF 2.1 3区 心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-05-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2024.103236
Christophe Barbanchon, Dominique Mouraux, Stéphane Baudry

Postural control may encounter acute challenges when individuals are immersed in a virtual reality (VR) environment, making VR a potential pertinent tool for enhancing balance capacity. Nonetheless, the effects of repeated exposure to VR on balance control remain to be fully elucidated. Fifty-five healthy participants stood upright for six bouts of 90 s each in an immersive virtual reality (VR) environment using a head-mounted display (repeated VR exposure). During these bouts, participants experienced simulated forward and backward displacements. Before and after the repeated VR exposure, the center of pressure mean velocity (VELCOP) was measured in response to simulated forward and backward displacement in VR, as well as during quiet upright standing with eyes open (EO) and closed (EC) in the real environment. The results revealed a significant decrease in VELCOP for forward and backward simulated displacements in both antero-posterior and medio-lateral directions (p < 0.01) after compared to before repeated VR exposure. Furthermore, VELCOP significantly decreased when participants stood upright in EC (−5%; p = 0.004), but not EO (+3%; p > 0.05) in the real environment after repeated VR exposure. The Romberg ratio (EC/EO) was reduced in both antero-posterior and medio-lateral directions (p < 0.05) after VR exposure. This study indicates that repeated exposure to VR induces changes in balance control in both virtual and real environments. These changes may be attributed, in part, to a reduction in the weighting of visual inputs in the multisensory integration process occurring during upright standing. Accordingly, these findings highlight VR as a potentially effective tool for balance rehabilitation.

Significance statement

This study indicates that repeated exposure to VR induces changes in balance control in both virtual and real environments that can rely, in part, on a reduction in the weighting of visual inputs in the multisensory integration process occurring during upright standing.

当人们沉浸在虚拟现实(VR)环境中时,姿势控制可能会遇到严峻的挑战,这使得 VR 成为增强平衡能力的潜在相关工具。然而,反复接触 VR 对平衡控制的影响仍有待全面阐明。55 名健康参与者在使用头戴式显示器的沉浸式虚拟现实(VR)环境中直立站立 6 次,每次 90 秒(重复 VR 暴露)。在这些过程中,参与者经历了模拟的前后位移。在重复 VR 暴露前后,测量了压力中心平均速度(VELCOP)对 VR 中模拟向前和向后位移的反应,以及在真实环境中睁眼(EO)和闭眼(EC)安静直立时的反应。结果显示,在反复接触 VR 后,参与者在真实环境中睁眼(EC)和闭眼(EO)直立时,前后和内外侧方向的 VELCOP(P COP)都会明显下降(-5%;P = 0.004),而睁眼(+3%;P > 0.05)不会。罗姆伯格比率(EC/EO)在前-后和内-外两个方向都有所降低(p
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引用次数: 0
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Human Movement Science
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