Pub Date : 2024-06-19DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2024.103247
Alexander Gioia , Theresa Libera , Garret Burks , Sara Arena , Renee N. Hamel , Lisa A. Zukowski
With increased age, walking without tripping requires greater cognitive demand. Therefore, it may be beneficial for training interventions to address and incorporate aspects of cognitive load. The purpose of this study was to compare a semi-immersive virtual reality treadmill training (VRTT) and conventional treadmill training (CTT) on obstacle clearance and trip hazard in older adults. Obstacle clearance parameters were measured with foot-mounted inertial measurement units (IMUs) and a Zeno pressure walkway. All data were processed and analyzed through custom Matlab scripts. Obstacle step height mean decreased (p = .003) in the lead limb following both training interventions. Additional significant changes were found in pre- and post-obstacle distance mean following both training interventions. Furthermore, significant correlations were found between demographic, cognitive, and functional mobility assessments and changes in dependent measures. The findings suggest that both the VRTT and CTT interventions may provide a reduction in trip risk in older adults, although through different methods.
{"title":"The effect of virtual reality treadmill training on obstacle crossing parameters in older adults","authors":"Alexander Gioia , Theresa Libera , Garret Burks , Sara Arena , Renee N. Hamel , Lisa A. Zukowski","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2024.103247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2024.103247","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With increased age, walking without tripping requires greater cognitive demand. Therefore, it may be beneficial for training interventions to address and incorporate aspects of cognitive load. The purpose of this study was to compare a semi-immersive virtual reality treadmill training (VRTT) and conventional treadmill training (CTT) on obstacle clearance and trip hazard in older adults. Obstacle clearance parameters were measured with foot-mounted inertial measurement units (IMUs) and a Zeno pressure walkway. All data were processed and analyzed through custom Matlab scripts. Obstacle step height mean decreased <em>(p</em> = .003) in the lead limb following both training interventions. Additional significant changes were found in pre- and post-obstacle distance mean following both training interventions. Furthermore, significant correlations were found between demographic, cognitive, and functional mobility assessments and changes in dependent measures. The findings suggest that both the VRTT and CTT interventions may provide a reduction in trip risk in older adults, although through different methods.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 103247"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141429220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-19DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2024.103248
Yihong You, John van der Kamp, Geert Savelsbergh
Previous studies have suggested an association between conscious movement investment and inhibiting motor actions. However, no within-designs were used in which conscious movement investment was manipulated. The current study compared changes in inhibition after instruction interventions that aimed to expand and limit conscious investment in the execution of a golf putting task. During a baseline and post-intervention test, participants were asked to putt balls in a hole. Randomly, an auditory stop-signal appeared 50 ms after reaching the end of backswing on some trials, signalling them to stop the downswing as quickly as possible. Between the two tests, the participants practiced under different instructions, without the stop-signal. One group (i.e., expanded conscious investment, ECIG) received multiple explicit movement-related instructions along with the internal focus of attention instructions, while the second group (i.e., limited conscious investment, LCIG) received a single analogy instruction paired with external focus of attention instructions. The results did not reveal significant differences in stopping rate and stopping time between the baseline and post-intervention tests and the two groups. However, a mediation analysis highlighted that the ECIG exhibited a greater change in downswing time compared to the LCIG. This change was correlated with a larger increase in stopping rate and stopping time. We conclude that conscious movement investment did not directly influence inhibition. Instead, we discuss how conscious movement investment may indirectly influence inhibition dependent on the putting kinematics.
{"title":"The effects of conscious movement investment on inhibiting a golf stroke","authors":"Yihong You, John van der Kamp, Geert Savelsbergh","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2024.103248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2024.103248","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Previous studies have suggested an association between conscious movement investment and inhibiting motor actions. However, no within-designs were used in which conscious movement investment was manipulated. The current study compared changes in inhibition after instruction interventions that aimed to expand and limit conscious investment in the execution of a golf putting task. During a baseline and post-intervention test, participants were asked to putt balls in a hole. Randomly, an auditory stop-signal appeared 50 ms after reaching the end of backswing on some trials, signalling them to stop the downswing as quickly as possible. Between the two tests, the participants practiced under different instructions, without the stop-signal. One group (i.e., expanded conscious investment, ECIG) received multiple explicit movement-related instructions along with the internal focus of attention instructions, while the second group (i.e., limited conscious investment, LCIG) received a single analogy instruction paired with external focus of attention instructions. The results did not reveal significant differences in stopping rate and stopping time between the baseline and post-intervention tests and the two groups. However, a mediation analysis highlighted that the ECIG exhibited a greater change in downswing time compared to the LCIG. This change was correlated with a larger increase in stopping rate and stopping time. We conclude that conscious movement investment did not directly influence inhibition. Instead, we discuss how conscious movement investment may indirectly influence inhibition dependent on the putting kinematics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 103248"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016794572400071X/pdfft?md5=2d72b394e974f4b60e918e2e28188b0d&pid=1-s2.0-S016794572400071X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141429221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-14DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2024.103240
Tian Yue , Liang Liu , Michael A. Nitsche , Zhaowei Kong , Ming Zhang , Fengxue Qi
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) have been demonstrated to enhance inhibitory control and working memory (WM) performance in healthy adults. However, the potential benefits of combining these two interventions have been rarely explored and remain largely speculative. This study aimed to explore the effects of acute HIIT combined with dual-site tDCS over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC, F3 and F4) on inhibitory control and WM in healthy young adults. Twenty-five healthy college students (20.5 ± 1.3 years; 11 females) were recruited to complete HIIT + tDCS, HIIT + sham-tDCS, rest + tDCS, and rest + sham-tDCS (CON) sessions in a randomized crossover design. tDCS or sham-tDCS was conducted after completing HIIT or a rest condition of the same duration. The Stroop and 2-back tasks were used to evaluate the influence of this combined intervention on cognitive tasks involving inhibitory control and WM performance in post-trials, respectively. Response times (RTs) of the Stroop task significantly improved in the HIIT + tDCS session compared to the CON session across all conditions (all p values <0.05), in the HIIT + tDCS session compared to the rest + tDCS session in the congruent and neutral conditions (all p values <0.05), in the HIIT + sham-tDCS session compared to the CON session in the congruent and neutral conditions (all p values <0.05), in the HIIT + sham-tDCS session compared to the rest + tDCS session in the congruent condition (p = 0.015). No differences were found between sessions in composite score of RT and accuracy in the Stroop task (all p values >0.05) and in the 2-back task reaction time and accuracy (all p values >0.05). We conclude that acute HIIT combined with tDCS effectively improved inhibitory control but it failed to yield cumulative benefits on inhibitory control and WM in healthy adults. These preliminary findings help to identify beneficial effects of combined interventions on cognitive performance and might guide future research with clinical populations.
{"title":"Effects of high-intensity interval training combined with dual-site transcranial direct current stimulation on inhibitory control and working memory in healthy adults","authors":"Tian Yue , Liang Liu , Michael A. Nitsche , Zhaowei Kong , Ming Zhang , Fengxue Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2024.103240","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2024.103240","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) have been demonstrated to enhance inhibitory control and working memory (WM) performance in healthy adults. However, the potential benefits of combining these two interventions have been rarely explored and remain largely speculative. This study aimed to explore the effects of acute HIIT combined with dual-site tDCS over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC, F3 and F4) on inhibitory control and WM in healthy young adults. Twenty-five healthy college students (20.5 ± 1.3 years; 11 females) were recruited to complete HIIT + tDCS, HIIT + sham-tDCS, rest + tDCS, and rest + sham-tDCS (CON) sessions in a randomized crossover design. tDCS or sham-tDCS was conducted after completing HIIT or a rest condition of the same duration. The Stroop and 2-back tasks were used to evaluate the influence of this combined intervention on cognitive tasks involving inhibitory control and WM performance in post-trials, respectively. Response times (RTs) of the Stroop task significantly improved in the HIIT + tDCS session compared to the CON session across all conditions (all <em>p</em> values <0.05), in the HIIT + tDCS session compared to the rest + tDCS session in the congruent and neutral conditions (all <em>p</em> values <0.05), in the HIIT + sham-tDCS session compared to the CON session in the congruent and neutral conditions (all <em>p</em> values <0.05), in the HIIT + sham-tDCS session compared to the rest + tDCS session in the congruent condition (<em>p</em> = 0.015). No differences were found between sessions in composite score of RT and accuracy in the Stroop task (all <em>p</em> values >0.05) and in the 2-back task reaction time and accuracy (all <em>p</em> values >0.05). We conclude that acute HIIT combined with tDCS effectively improved inhibitory control but it failed to yield cumulative benefits on inhibitory control and WM in healthy adults. These preliminary findings help to identify beneficial effects of combined interventions on cognitive performance and might guide future research with clinical populations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 103240"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141321963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-12DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2024.103243
A.M. van Leeuwen , S.M. Bruijn , J.C. Dean
Mediolateral gait stability can be maintained by coordinating our foot placement with respect to the center-of-mass (CoM) kinematic state. Neurological impairments can reduce the degree of foot placement control. For individuals with such impairments, interventions that could improve foot placement control could thus contribute to improved gait stability. In this study we aimed to better understand two potential interventions, by investigating their effect in neurologically intact individuals. The degree of foot placement control can be quantified based on a foot placement model, in which the CoM position and velocity during swing predict subsequent foot placement. Previously, perturbing foot placement with a force-field resulted in an enhanced degree of foot placement control as an after-effect. Moreover, timed muscle vibration enhanced the degree of foot placement control whilst the vibration was applied. Here, we replicated these two findings and further investigated whether Q1) timed muscle vibration leads to an after-effect and Q2) whether combining timed muscle vibration with force-field perturbations leads to a larger after-effect, as compared to force-field perturbations only. In addition, we evaluated several potential contributors to the degree of foot placement control, by considering foot placement errors, CoM variability and the CoM position gain (βpos) of the foot placement model, next to the R2 measure as the degree of foot placement control. Timed muscle vibration led to a higher degree of foot placement control as an after-effect (Q1). However, combining timed muscle vibration and force-field perturbations did not lead to a larger after-effect, as compared to following force-field perturbations only (Q2). Furthermore, we showed that the improved degree of foot placement control following force-field perturbations and during/following muscle vibration, did not reflect diminished foot placement errors. Rather, participants demonstrated a stronger active response (higher βpos) as well as higher CoM variability.
通过协调我们脚的位置与重心(CoM)运动状态,可以保持步态的内外侧稳定性。神经损伤会降低足部位置控制的程度。因此,对于有此类障碍的人来说,能够改善足部位置控制的干预措施有助于提高步态稳定性。在这项研究中,我们旨在通过研究两种潜在干预措施对神经系统完好个体的影响,更好地了解这两种干预措施。足摆放控制的程度可根据足摆放模型进行量化,在该模型中,摆动过程中的CoM位置和速度可预测随后的足摆放。在此之前,用力场干扰脚的位置会导致脚的位置控制程度增强,这是一种后效应。此外,定时的肌肉振动在振动的同时也增强了脚的位置控制程度。在此,我们复制了这两项研究结果,并进一步研究了 Q1)定时肌肉振动是否会导致后效应;Q2)与力场扰动相比,将定时肌肉振动与力场扰动相结合是否会导致更大的后效应。此外,我们还考虑了足部放置误差、CoM 变异性和足部放置模型的 CoM 位置增益 (βpos),以及作为足部放置控制程度的 R2 测量值,从而评估了足部放置控制程度的几个潜在影响因素。定时肌肉振动的后效应(Q1)导致了更高的足部位置控制程度。然而,与只跟随力场扰动相比,结合定时肌肉振动和力场扰动并不会导致更大的后效应(Q2)。此外,我们还发现,在力场扰动和肌肉振动期间/之后,脚的位置控制程度有所提高,但这并不反映脚的位置错误有所减少。相反,参与者表现出了更强的主动反应(更高的βpos)以及更高的CoM变异性。
{"title":"Force-field perturbations and muscle vibration strengthen stability-related foot placement responses during steady-state gait in healthy adults","authors":"A.M. van Leeuwen , S.M. Bruijn , J.C. Dean","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2024.103243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2024.103243","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mediolateral gait stability can be maintained by coordinating our foot placement with respect to the center-of-mass (CoM) kinematic state. Neurological impairments can reduce the degree of foot placement control. For individuals with such impairments, interventions that could improve foot placement control could thus contribute to improved gait stability. In this study we aimed to better understand two potential interventions, by investigating their effect in neurologically intact individuals. The degree of foot placement control can be quantified based on a foot placement model, in which the CoM position and velocity during swing predict subsequent foot placement. Previously, perturbing foot placement with a force-field resulted in an enhanced degree of foot placement control as an after-effect. Moreover, timed muscle vibration enhanced the degree of foot placement control whilst the vibration was applied. Here, we replicated these two findings and further investigated whether Q1) timed muscle vibration leads to an after-effect and Q2) whether combining timed muscle vibration with force-field perturbations leads to a larger after-effect, as compared to force-field perturbations only. In addition, we evaluated several potential contributors to the degree of foot placement control, by considering foot placement errors, CoM variability and the CoM position gain (β<sub>pos</sub>) of the foot placement model, next to the R<sup>2</sup> measure as the degree of foot placement control. Timed muscle vibration led to a higher degree of foot placement control as an after-effect (Q1). However, combining timed muscle vibration and force-field perturbations did not lead to a larger after-effect, as compared to following force-field perturbations only (Q2). Furthermore, we showed that the improved degree of foot placement control following force-field perturbations and during/following muscle vibration, did not reflect diminished foot placement errors. Rather, participants demonstrated a stronger active response (higher β<sub>pos</sub>) as well as higher CoM variability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 103243"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167945724000666/pdfft?md5=9f5e8684d1caf950696a3ab6bf056e8e&pid=1-s2.0-S0167945724000666-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141312943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-10DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2024.103241
Mengyuan Bai , Nan Lin , Jane Jie Yu , Zitong Teng , Minjie Xu
Background
At present, Chinese children aged 3–6 years old are facing challenges such as insufficient physical activity, declining physical health, and obesity, and China has yet to issue curriculum standards or physical activity guidelines for this age group. At the same time, the present kindergarten physical activity curriculum is insufficient. To address this issue, this study focused on designing and executing a planned active play intervention program for the kindergarten setting to analyze its efficacy in enhancing children's fundamental movement skills (FMS). This study aims to provide a reference for the theoretical and practical exploration of children's acquisition of fundamental movement skills in the Chinese context.
Methods
Fifty-two preschoolers participated in this study and were either part of an intervention group (n = 30) or a control group (n = 24). Children's FMS were assessed before and after the intervention using the Test of Gross Motor Development-3 (TGMD-3) and the balance ability of the The Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 (MABC-2). Physical activity (PA) during the planned active play intervention and the routine physical activity curriculum were assessed using the SOFIT throughout the intervention.
Results
All the children significantly improved their locomotor skills, ball skills, and TGMD from baseline to the late assessment (p < 0.05). Children in the planned active play intervention group demonstrated greater rates of change (p < 0.001) and scored higher on ball skills and TGMD in the late assessment than those in the control group (p < 0.001). The children in the intervention group, but not those in the control group, significantly improved their balance over time (p < 0.05), and the former had greater rates of change (p < 0.001). Similarly, planned active play was found to provide children with more physical activity than the routine physical activity curriculum.
Conclusions
The eight-week planned active play intervention was effective in improving FMS in preschool children, with higher rates of FMS change in children who completed the intervention than children in the control group.
{"title":"The effect of planned active play on the fundamental movement skills of preschool children","authors":"Mengyuan Bai , Nan Lin , Jane Jie Yu , Zitong Teng , Minjie Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2024.103241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2024.103241","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>At present, Chinese children aged 3–6 years old are facing challenges such as insufficient physical activity, declining physical health, and obesity, and China has yet to issue curriculum standards or physical activity guidelines for this age group. At the same time, the present kindergarten physical activity curriculum is insufficient. To address this issue, this study focused on designing and executing a planned active play intervention program for the kindergarten setting to analyze its efficacy in enhancing children's fundamental movement skills (FMS). This study aims to provide a reference for the theoretical and practical exploration of children's acquisition of fundamental movement skills in the Chinese context.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Fifty-two preschoolers participated in this study and were either part of an intervention group (<em>n</em> = 30) or a control group (<em>n</em> = 24). Children's FMS were assessed before and after the intervention using the Test of Gross Motor Development-3 (TGMD-3) and the balance ability of the The Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 (MABC-2). Physical activity (PA) during the planned active play intervention and the routine physical activity curriculum were assessed using the SOFIT throughout the intervention.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>All the children significantly improved their locomotor skills, ball skills, and TGMD from baseline to the late assessment (<em>p</em> < 0.05). Children in the planned active play intervention group demonstrated greater rates of change (<em>p</em> < 0.001) and scored higher on ball skills and TGMD in the late assessment than those in the control group (<em>p</em> < 0.001). The children in the intervention group, but not those in the control group, significantly improved their balance over time (<em>p</em> < 0.05), and the former had greater rates of change (<em>p</em> < 0.001). Similarly, planned active play was found to provide children with more physical activity than the routine physical activity curriculum.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The eight-week planned active play intervention was effective in improving FMS in preschool children, with higher rates of FMS change in children who completed the intervention than children in the control group.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 103241"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141298079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-07DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2024.103242
Emanuele Los Angeles , Claudia Eunice Neves de Oliveira , Layla Cupertino , Solaiman Shokur , Mohamed Bouri , Daniel Boari Coelho
Introduction
Parkinson's disease (PD) causes gait abnormalities that may be associated with an arm swing reduction. Medication and freezing of gait (FoG) may influence gait characteristics. However, these comparisons do not consider differences in gait speed and clinical characteristics in individuals with PD.
Objective
This study aims to analyze the effect of FoG and medication on the biomechanics of the trunk and upper limbs during gait in PD, controlling for gait speed and clinical differences between groups.
Methods
Twenty-two people with a clinical diagnosis of idiopathic PD in ON and OFF medication (11 FoG), and 35 healthy participants (control) were selected from two open data sets. All participants walked on the floor on a 10-m-long walkway. The joint and linear kinematic variables of gait were compared: (1) Freezers and nonfreezers in the ON condition and control; (2) Freezers and nonfreezers in the OFF condition and control; (3) Group (freezers and nonfreezers) and medication.
Results
The disease affects the upper limbs more strongly but not the trunk. The medication does not significantly influence the joint characteristics but rather the linear wrist displacement. The FoG does not affect trunk movement and partially influences the upper limbs. The interaction between medications and FoG suggests that the medication causes more substantial improvement in freezers than in nonfreezers.
Conclusion
The study shows differences in the biomechanics of the upper limbs of people with PD, FoG, and the absence of medication. The future rehabilitation protocol should consider this aspect.
导言帕金森病(PD)会导致步态异常,可能与手臂摆动幅度减小有关。药物治疗和冻结步态(FoG)可能会影响步态特征。本研究旨在分析 FoG 和药物治疗对帕金森病患者步态过程中躯干和上肢生物力学的影响,同时控制步态速度和组间临床差异。方法从两组开放数据中选取了 22 名临床诊断为特发性帕金森病的患者(11 名 FoG 患者)和 35 名健康参与者(对照组)。所有参与者都在 10 米长的走道上行走。对步态的关节和线性运动学变量进行了比较:(1) 开启条件下的冻结者和非冻结者与对照组;(2) 关闭条件下的冻结者和非冻结者与对照组;(3) 组别(冻结者和非冻结者)和药物。药物对关节特征没有明显影响,但对腕关节的线性位移有影响。FoG不影响躯干运动,但对上肢有部分影响。药物和 FoG 之间的相互作用表明,药物对冷冻者的改善比对非冷冻者的改善更明显。未来的康复方案应考虑到这一点。
{"title":"Effect of disease, freezing of gait, and dopaminergic medication in the biomechanics of trunk and upper limbs in the gait of Parkinson's disease","authors":"Emanuele Los Angeles , Claudia Eunice Neves de Oliveira , Layla Cupertino , Solaiman Shokur , Mohamed Bouri , Daniel Boari Coelho","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2024.103242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2024.103242","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Parkinson's disease (PD) causes gait abnormalities that may be associated with an arm swing reduction. Medication and freezing of gait (FoG) may influence gait characteristics. However, these comparisons do not consider differences in gait speed and clinical characteristics in individuals with PD.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study aims to analyze the effect of FoG and medication on the biomechanics of the trunk and upper limbs during gait in PD, controlling for gait speed and clinical differences between groups.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Twenty-two people with a clinical diagnosis of idiopathic PD in ON and OFF medication (11 FoG), and 35 healthy participants (control) were selected from two open data sets. All participants walked on the floor on a 10-m-long walkway. The joint and linear kinematic variables of gait were compared: (1) Freezers and nonfreezers in the ON condition and control; (2) Freezers and nonfreezers in the OFF condition and control; (3) Group (freezers and nonfreezers) and medication.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The disease affects the upper limbs more strongly but not the trunk. The medication does not significantly influence the joint characteristics but rather the linear wrist displacement. The FoG does not affect trunk movement and partially influences the upper limbs. The interaction between medications and FoG suggests that the medication causes more substantial improvement in freezers than in nonfreezers.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The study shows differences in the biomechanics of the upper limbs of people with PD, FoG, and the absence of medication. The future rehabilitation protocol should consider this aspect.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 103242"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141286120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2024.103238
Navika Cheema, Paul Yielder, Praveen Sanmugananthan, Ushani Ambalavanar, Bernadette Murphy
Individuals with untreated, mild-to-moderate recurrent neck pain or stiffness (subclinical neck pain (SCNP)) have been shown to have impairments in upper limb proprioception, and altered cerebellar processing. It is probable that aiming trajectories will be impacted since individuals with SCNP cannot rely on accurate proprioceptive feedback or feedforward processing (body schema) for movement planning and execution, due to altered afferent input from the neck. SCNP participants may thus rely more on visual feedback, to accommodate for impaired cerebellar processing. This quasi-experimental study sought to determine whether upper limb kinematics and oculomotor processes were impacted in those with SCNP. 25 SCNP and 25 control participants who were right-hand dominant performed bidirectional aiming movements using two different weighted styli (light or heavy) while wearing an eye-tracking device. Those with SCNP had a greater time to and time after peak velocity, which corresponded with a longer upper limb movement and reaction time, seen as greater constant error, less undershoot in the upwards direction and greater undershoot in the downwards direction compared to controls. SCNP participants also showed a trend towards a quicker ocular reaction and movement time compared to controls, while the movement distance was fairly similar between groups. This study indicates that SCNP alters aiming performances, with greater reliance on visual feedback, likely due to altered proprioceptive input leading to altered cerebellar processing.
{"title":"Impact of subclinical neck pain on eye and hand movements in goal-directed upper limb aiming movements","authors":"Navika Cheema, Paul Yielder, Praveen Sanmugananthan, Ushani Ambalavanar, Bernadette Murphy","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2024.103238","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2024.103238","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Individuals with untreated, mild-to-moderate recurrent neck pain or stiffness (subclinical neck pain (SCNP)) have been shown to have impairments in upper limb proprioception, and altered cerebellar processing. It is probable that aiming trajectories will be impacted since individuals with SCNP cannot rely on accurate proprioceptive feedback or feedforward processing (body schema) for movement planning and execution, due to altered afferent input from the neck. SCNP participants may thus rely more on visual feedback, to accommodate for impaired cerebellar processing. This quasi-experimental study sought to determine whether upper limb kinematics and oculomotor processes were impacted in those with SCNP. 25 SCNP and 25 control participants who were right-hand dominant performed bidirectional aiming movements using two different weighted styli (light or heavy) while wearing an eye-tracking device. Those with SCNP had a greater time to and time after peak velocity, which corresponded with a longer upper limb movement and reaction time, seen as greater constant error, less undershoot in the upwards direction and greater undershoot in the downwards direction compared to controls. SCNP participants also showed a trend towards a quicker ocular reaction and movement time compared to controls, while the movement distance was fairly similar between groups. This study indicates that SCNP alters aiming performances, with greater reliance on visual feedback, likely due to altered proprioceptive input leading to altered cerebellar processing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 103238"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167945724000617/pdfft?md5=b4201e54b40d6b5c256b4632d29ba4c4&pid=1-s2.0-S0167945724000617-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141201543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-28DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2024.103237
J. Kim, S.-H. Yeo, T.D. Punt
Mirror therapy has become an effective and recommended intervention for a range of conditions affecting the upper limb (e.g. hemiparesis following stroke). However, little is known about how mirror feedback affects the control of bimanual movements (as performed during mirror therapy). In this study, in preparation for future clinical investigations, we examined the kinematics of bimanual circle drawing in unimpaired participants both with (Experiment 1) and without (Experiment 2) a visual template to guide movement. In both experiments, 15 unimpaired right-handed participants performed self-paced continuous bimanual circle-drawing movements with a mirror/symmetrical coordination pattern. For the mirror condition, vision was directed towards the mirror in order to monitor the reflected limb. In the no mirror condition, the direction of vision was unchanged, but the mirror was replaced with an opaque screen. Movements of both hands were recorded using motion capture apparatus. In both experiments, the most striking feature of movements was that the hand behind the mirror drifted spatially during the course of individual trials. Participants appeared to be largely unaware of this marked positional change of their unseen hand, which was most pronounced when a template to guide movement was visible (Experiment 1). Temporal asynchrony between the limbs was also affected by mirror feedback in both experiments; in the mirror condition, illusory vision of the unseen hand led to a relative phase lead for that limb. Our data highlight the remarkable impact that the introduction of a simple mirror can have on bimanual coordination. Modulation of spatial and temporal features is consistent with the mirror inducing a rapid and powerful visual illusion, the latter appearing to override proprioceptive signals.
{"title":"Through the looking-glass: Mirror feedback modulates temporal and spatial aspects of bimanual coordination","authors":"J. Kim, S.-H. Yeo, T.D. Punt","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2024.103237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2024.103237","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mirror therapy has become an effective and recommended intervention for a range of conditions affecting the upper limb (e.g. hemiparesis following stroke). However, little is known about how mirror feedback affects the control of bimanual movements (as performed during mirror therapy). In this study, in preparation for future clinical investigations, we examined the kinematics of bimanual circle drawing in unimpaired participants both with (Experiment 1) and without (Experiment 2) a visual template to guide movement. In both experiments, 15 unimpaired right-handed participants performed self-paced continuous bimanual circle-drawing movements with a mirror/symmetrical coordination pattern. For the <em>mirror</em> condition, vision was directed towards the mirror in order to monitor the reflected limb. In the <em>no mirror</em> condition, the direction of vision was unchanged, but the mirror was replaced with an opaque screen. Movements of both hands were recorded using motion capture apparatus. In both experiments, the most striking feature of movements was that the hand <em>behind the mirror</em> drifted spatially during the course of individual trials. Participants appeared to be largely unaware of this marked positional change of their <em>unseen</em> hand, which was most pronounced when a template to guide movement was visible (Experiment 1). Temporal asynchrony between the limbs was also affected by mirror feedback in both experiments; in the <em>mirror</em> condition, illusory vision of the <em>unseen</em> hand led to a relative phase lead for that limb. Our data highlight the remarkable impact that the introduction of a simple mirror can have on bimanual coordination. Modulation of spatial and temporal features is consistent with the mirror inducing a rapid and powerful visual illusion, the latter appearing to override proprioceptive signals.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 103237"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167945724000605/pdfft?md5=e9925073cd588df7ecabee1fb83ae1b5&pid=1-s2.0-S0167945724000605-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141163801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-28DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2024.103239
Jennifer N. Bartloff , Kreg G. Gruben , Colin R. Grove
Background
This study evaluated psychometric properties of the Intersection Point Height, derived from ground-on-feet force characteristics, as a tool for assessing balance control. We compare this metric with traditional center of pressure (CP) measurements.
Methods
Data from a public dataset of 146 participants, divided into younger (<60 years old) and older (≥60 years old) adults, were analyzed. Clinical tests included the Short Falls Efficacy Scale-International, International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form, Trail Making Tests A and B, and the Mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test. Reliability and validity were assessed through the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC[3,1]) for mean Intersection Point Height in each test condition and Spearman's rho between summative Intersection Point Height (the sum of intra-condition mean values across all test conditions within one subject) and other variables of interest, respectively.
Findings
Mean Intersection Point Height showed good to excellent reliability (ICC = 0.712–0.901), similar to that of CP velocity (ICC = 0.733–0.922) and greater than that of variance CPx (0.475–0.768). Summative Intersection Point Height exhibited strong convergent validity with Trail Making Tests A and B (rho = 0.49, p < 0.001) and the Mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test (rho = −0.47, p < 0.001). At most, a weak to moderate association (rho = 0.39–0.49, p < 0.001) was found between intra-condition mean Intersection Point Height with CP metrics. Intra-condition mean Intersection Point Height demonstrated weak to moderate convergent validity with several clinical measures (rho = 0.32–0.52, p < 0.001). In contrast, at most, a weak to moderate association (rho = 0.39–0.49, p < 0.001) was found between intra-condition mean Intersection Point Height with CP metrics.
Interpretation
The Intersection Point Height is a reliable and valid balance measure. Further, we believe that it is a more comprehensive evaluation than CP metrics.
{"title":"Reliability and validity of the force intersection point in the assessment of human quiet standing balance","authors":"Jennifer N. Bartloff , Kreg G. Gruben , Colin R. Grove","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2024.103239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2024.103239","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>This study evaluated psychometric properties of the Intersection Point Height, derived from ground-on-feet force characteristics, as a tool for assessing balance control. We compare this metric with traditional center of pressure (CP) measurements.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Data from a public dataset of 146 participants, divided into younger (<60 years old) and older (≥60 years old) adults, were analyzed. Clinical tests included the Short Falls Efficacy Scale-International, International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form, Trail Making Tests A and B, and the Mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test. Reliability and validity were assessed through the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC[3,1]) for <em>mean Intersection Point Height</em> in each test condition and Spearman's rho between <em>summative Intersection Point Height</em> (the sum of <em>intra-condition mean</em> values across all test conditions within one subject) and other variables of interest, respectively.</p></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><p><em>Mean Intersection Point Height</em> showed good to excellent reliability (ICC = 0.712–0.901), similar to that of CP velocity (ICC = 0.733–0.922) and greater than that of variance CPx (0.475–0.768). <em>Summative Intersection Point Height</em> exhibited strong convergent validity with Trail Making Tests A and B (rho = 0.49, <em>p</em> < 0.001) and the Mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test (rho = −0.47, <em>p</em> < 0.001). At most, a weak to moderate association (rho = 0.39–0.49, p < 0.001) was found between <em>intra-condition mean Intersection Point Height</em> with CP metrics. <em>Intra-condition mean Intersection Point Height</em> demonstrated weak to moderate convergent validity with several clinical measures (rho = 0.32–0.52, <em>p</em> < 0.001). In contrast, at most, a weak to moderate association (rho = 0.39–0.49, p < 0.001) was found between <em>intra-condition mean Intersection Point Height</em> with CP metrics.</p></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><p>The <em>Intersection Point Height</em> is a reliable and valid balance measure. Further, we believe that it is a more comprehensive evaluation than CP metrics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 103239"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141164343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Postural control may encounter acute challenges when individuals are immersed in a virtual reality (VR) environment, making VR a potential pertinent tool for enhancing balance capacity. Nonetheless, the effects of repeated exposure to VR on balance control remain to be fully elucidated. Fifty-five healthy participants stood upright for six bouts of 90 s each in an immersive virtual reality (VR) environment using a head-mounted display (repeated VR exposure). During these bouts, participants experienced simulated forward and backward displacements. Before and after the repeated VR exposure, the center of pressure mean velocity (VELCOP) was measured in response to simulated forward and backward displacement in VR, as well as during quiet upright standing with eyes open (EO) and closed (EC) in the real environment. The results revealed a significant decrease in VELCOP for forward and backward simulated displacements in both antero-posterior and medio-lateral directions (p < 0.01) after compared to before repeated VR exposure. Furthermore, VELCOP significantly decreased when participants stood upright in EC (−5%; p = 0.004), but not EO (+3%; p > 0.05) in the real environment after repeated VR exposure. The Romberg ratio (EC/EO) was reduced in both antero-posterior and medio-lateral directions (p < 0.05) after VR exposure. This study indicates that repeated exposure to VR induces changes in balance control in both virtual and real environments. These changes may be attributed, in part, to a reduction in the weighting of visual inputs in the multisensory integration process occurring during upright standing. Accordingly, these findings highlight VR as a potentially effective tool for balance rehabilitation.
Significance statement
This study indicates that repeated exposure to VR induces changes in balance control in both virtual and real environments that can rely, in part, on a reduction in the weighting of visual inputs in the multisensory integration process occurring during upright standing.
{"title":"Repeated exposure to virtual reality decreases reliance on visual inputs for balance control in healthy adults","authors":"Christophe Barbanchon, Dominique Mouraux, Stéphane Baudry","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2024.103236","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2024.103236","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Postural control may encounter acute challenges when individuals are immersed in a virtual reality (VR) environment, making VR a potential pertinent tool for enhancing balance capacity. Nonetheless, the effects of repeated exposure to VR on balance control remain to be fully elucidated. Fifty-five healthy participants stood upright for six bouts of 90 s each in an immersive virtual reality (VR) environment using a head-mounted display (repeated VR exposure). During these bouts, participants experienced simulated forward and backward displacements. Before and after the repeated VR exposure, the center of pressure mean velocity (VEL<sub>COP</sub>) was measured in response to simulated forward and backward displacement in VR, as well as during quiet upright standing with eyes open (EO) and closed (EC) in the real environment. The results revealed a significant decrease in VEL<sub>COP</sub> for forward and backward simulated displacements in both antero-posterior and medio-lateral directions (<em>p</em> < 0.01) after compared to before repeated VR exposure. Furthermore, VEL<sub>COP</sub> significantly decreased when participants stood upright in EC (−5%; <em>p</em> = 0.004), but not EO (+3%; <em>p</em> > 0.05) in the real environment after repeated VR exposure. The Romberg ratio (EC/EO) was reduced in both antero-posterior and medio-lateral directions (<em>p</em> < 0.05) after VR exposure. This study indicates that repeated exposure to VR induces changes in balance control in both virtual and real environments. These changes may be attributed, in part, to a reduction in the weighting of visual inputs in the multisensory integration process occurring during upright standing. Accordingly, these findings highlight VR as a potentially effective tool for balance rehabilitation.</p></div><div><h3>Significance statement</h3><p>This study indicates that repeated exposure to VR induces changes in balance control in both virtual and real environments that can rely, in part, on a reduction in the weighting of visual inputs in the multisensory integration process occurring during upright standing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 103236"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141162918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}