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Haptic coordination: Squeezing a vibrating stress ball decreases anxiety and arousal 触觉协调:挤压振动压力球可降低焦虑和唤醒状态
IF 2.1 3区 心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-05-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2024.103220
Clément Blanc , Jean-Christophe Buisson , Jeanne Kruck , Viviane Kostrubiec

We evaluated the effect of haptic coordination on anxiety and arousal. Participants looked at a stressful or calming image and then repeatedly squeezed a vibrating stress ball for 20 s. Using a pre-post paradigm with a control group, we showed that squeezing the vibrating ball reduced anxiety and arousal, as assessed by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and electrodermal activity, respectively. The stability of haptic coordination was manipulated by varying the detuning between the spontaneous squeezing frequency and the intrinsic frequency of ball vibration. Coordination stability affected arousal and stress affected stability. The data were discussed in the light of Kahneman's attentional resource-sharing model.

我们评估了触觉协调对焦虑和唤醒的影响。通过与对照组进行前-后范式实验,我们发现挤压振动球能降低焦虑和唤醒,这分别是通过状态-特质焦虑量表和皮电活动来评估的。触觉协调的稳定性是通过改变自发挤压频率和球振动固有频率之间的失谐来控制的。协调稳定性影响唤醒,压力影响稳定性。这些数据根据卡尼曼的注意力资源共享模型进行了讨论。
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引用次数: 0
Comparison of inter-joint coordination strategies during activities of daily living with prosthetic and anatomical limbs 比较假肢和解剖肢体在日常生活活动中的关节间协调策略。
IF 2.1 3区 心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-05-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2024.103228
Christina Lee , Deanna H. Gates

While healthy individuals have redundant degrees of freedom of the joints, they coordinate their multi-joint movements such that the redundancy is effectively reduced. Achieving high inter-joint coordination may be difficult for upper limb prosthesis users due to the lack of proprioceptive feedback and limited motion of the terminal device. This study compared inter-joint coordination between prosthesis users and individuals without limb loss during different upper limb activities of daily living (ADLs). Nine unilateral prosthesis users (five males) and nine age- and sex-matched controls without limb loss completed three unilateral and three bilateral ADLs. Principal component analysis was applied to the three-dimensional motion trajectories of the trunk and arms to identify coordinative patterns. For each ADL, we quantified the cumulative variance accounted for (VAF) of the first five principal components (pcs), which was the lowest number of pcs that could achieve 90% VAF in control limb movements across all ADLs (5 n 9). The VAF was lower for movements involving a prosthesis compared to those completed by controls across all ADLs (p < 0.001). The pc waveforms were similar between movements involving a prosthesis and movements completed by control participants for pc1 (r > 0.78, p < 0.001). The magnitude of the relationship for pc2 and pc3 differed between ADLs, with the strongest correlation for symmetric bilateral ADLs (0.67 r 0.97, p < 0.001). Collectively, this study demonstrates that activities of daily living were completed with distinct coordination strategies in prosthesis users compared to individuals without limb loss. Future work should explore how device features, such as the availability of sensory feedback or motorized wrist joints influence multi-joint coordination.

虽然健康人的关节具有冗余自由度,但他们会协调多关节运动,从而有效降低冗余度。对于上肢假肢使用者来说,由于缺乏本体感觉反馈和终端设备的运动受限,要实现高度的关节间协调可能比较困难。本研究比较了假肢使用者与无肢体缺失者在不同上肢日常生活活动(ADL)中的关节间协调性。九名单侧假肢使用者(五名男性)和九名年龄和性别匹配的无肢体缺失对照者分别完成了三项单侧和三项双侧 ADL。我们对躯干和手臂的三维运动轨迹进行了主成分分析,以确定协调模式。对于每项日常活动,我们量化了前五个主成分的累积方差占比(VAF),这是在所有日常活动中控制肢体运动的方差占比能达到 90% 的最低主成分数量(5 ≤ n ≤ 9)。与对照组相比,在所有 ADL 动作中,假肢动作的 VAF 均低于对照组(p 0.78,p 0.78)。
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引用次数: 0
Collision avoidance behaviours while young adults avoid a virtual pedestrian approaching on a 45° angle under attentionally demanding conditions 青壮年在注意力高度集中的条件下躲避以 45°角靠近的虚拟行人时的防撞行为
IF 2.1 3区 心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-05-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2024.103226
Brooke J. Thompson, Michael E. Cinelli

Individuals rely on visual information to determine when to adapt their behaviours (i.e., by changing path and/or speed) to avoid an approaching object or person. After initiating an avoidance behaviour, individuals may control the space (i.e., minimum clearance distance) between themselves and another person or object. The current study aimed to determine the action strategies of young adults while avoiding a virtual pedestrian approaching along a 45° angle in an attentionally demanding task. Twenty-one young adults (22.9 ± 1.9 yrs., 11 males) were immersed in a virtual environment and were instructed to walk along a 7.5 m path towards a goal located along the midline. Two virtual pedestrians (VP) positioned 2.83 m to the left and right of the midline approached participants on a 45° angle. To manipulate the point at which the participants and the VP would intersect during different trials, the VP approached at one of three speeds: 0.8×, 1.0×, or 1.2× each participants' average walking speed. Participants were instructed to walk to a goal without colliding with the VP while performing the attention task; reporting whether a shape changed above the VPs' heads. Results revealed that young adults did not modulate their timing of avoidance to the approach characteristics of the VP, as they consistently avoided the collision 1.67 s after the VP began moving. However, young adults seem to control how they avoid an oncoming collision by maintaining a consistent safety margin after an avoidance behaviour was initiated.

人依靠视觉信息来决定何时调整自己的行为(即改变路径和/或速度),以避开接近的物体或人。启动避让行为后,个体可能会控制自己与另一个人或物体之间的空间(即最小间隙距离)。本研究旨在通过一项需要注意力高度集中的任务,确定青少年在躲避沿 45° 角靠近的虚拟行人时的行动策略。21 名年轻成年人(22.9 ± 1.9 岁,11 名男性)沉浸在虚拟环境中,并被要求沿着一条 7.5 米长的路径朝位于中线的目标行走。两个虚拟行人(VP)分别位于中线左右两侧 2.83 米处,以 45° 角向参与者靠近。在不同的试验中,为了操纵参与者与虚拟行人的相交点,虚拟行人以三种速度之一接近参与者:每个参与者的平均步行速度分别为 0.8 倍、1.0 倍或 1.2 倍。参与者被要求在不与虚拟人物相撞的情况下走向目标,同时执行注意任务;报告虚拟人物头顶上方的形状是否发生变化。结果显示,青壮年并没有根据虚拟人物的接近特征来调整他们的回避时间,因为他们一直在虚拟人物开始移动 1.67 秒后才回避碰撞。然而,青壮年似乎可以通过在避让行为开始后保持一致的安全系数来控制他们如何避开迎面而来的碰撞。
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引用次数: 0
Longitudinal changes in vertical stride regularity, hip flexion, and knee flexion contribute to the alteration in gait speed during hospitalization for stroke 中风住院期间,垂直步幅规则性、髋关节屈曲和膝关节屈曲的纵向变化导致步速改变
IF 2.1 3区 心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-05-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2024.103227
Sota Araki , Hisanori Matsuura , Takasuke Miyazaki , Yuta Matsuzawa , Yuki Nakai , Masayuki Kawada , Yasufumi Takeshita , Motoaki Takamura , Ryoji Kiyama

Changes in stride regularity and joint motion during gait appear to be related to improved gait speed in hospitalized patients with stroke. We aimed to clarify the changes in stride regularity and joint motion during gait through longitudinal observations. Furthermore, we aimed to clarify the relationship between changes in gait speed, stride regularity, and joint motion during gait. Seventeen inpatients with stroke were assessed for physical and gait functions at baseline, when they reached functional ambulation category 3, and before discharge. Physical function was assessed using the Fugl-Meyer assessment for the lower extremities and the Berg Balance Scale. Gait function was assessed on the basis of gait speed, joint motion, stride regularity, and step symmetry using inertial sensors. The correlations between the ratio of change in gait speed and each indicator from baseline to discharge were analyzed. Both physical and gait functions improved significantly during the hospital stay. The ratio of change in gait speed was significantly and positively correlated with the ratio of change in vertical stride regularity (r = 0.662), vertical step symmetry (rs = 0.627), hip flexion (rs = 0.652), knee flexion (affected side) (r = 0.611), and ankle plantarflexion (unaffected side) (rs = 0.547). Vertical stride regularity, hip flexion, and knee flexion (affected side) were significant factors in determining the ratio of changes in gait speed. Our results suggest that stride regularity, hip flexion, and knee flexion could explain the entire gait cycle and that of the affected side. These parameters can be used as indices to improve gait speed.

步态规则性和步态过程中关节运动的变化似乎与中风住院患者步态速度的改善有关。我们的目的是通过纵向观察来明确步幅规则性和步态中关节运动的变化。此外,我们还旨在明确步速变化、步幅规则性和步态中关节运动之间的关系。我们对 17 名脑卒中住院患者进行了身体功能和步态功能评估,包括基线、达到功能性行走 3 级时和出院前。身体功能采用 Fugl-Meyer 下肢评估和 Berg 平衡量表进行评估。步态功能是通过惯性传感器对步态速度、关节运动、步幅规则性和步幅对称性进行评估的。分析了从基线到出院期间步速变化的比率与各项指标之间的相关性。住院期间,患者的体能和步态功能均有明显改善。步速变化比与垂直步幅规则性(r = 0.662)、垂直步幅对称性(rs = 0.627)、髋关节屈曲(rs = 0.652)、膝关节屈曲(患侧)(r = 0.611)和踝关节跖屈(非患侧)(rs = 0.547)的变化比呈显著正相关。垂直步幅规则性、髋关节屈曲和膝关节屈曲(患侧)是决定步速变化比率的重要因素。我们的结果表明,步幅规则性、屈髋和屈膝可以解释整个步态周期和患侧的步态周期。这些参数可作为改善步速的指标。
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引用次数: 0
Affordance-based control of braking in cycling: Experience reveals differences in the style of control 基于情境的自行车制动控制:经验揭示了控制方式的差异
IF 2.1 3区 心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-05-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2024.103225
Gisele C. Gotardi , John van der Kamp , Martina Navarro , Geert J.P. Savelsbergh , Sérgio T. Rodrigues

We investigated whether in an in-situ collision avoidance experiment cyclists regulate braking by adopting an affordance-based control strategy. Within an affordance-based control strategy for braking, deceleration is controlled relative to the maximum achievable deceleration rather than by nulling out deviations from ideal deceleration, and potentially allowing for different braking styles. Twenty active- and eighteen inactive-cyclists were asked to cycle on a straight path in an indoor gym and to stop as close as possible in front of a stationary obstacle. Maximum achievable deceleration was manipulated by loading the bike: no-load, load-5 kg, and load-10 kg. Two approach distances were used to vary cycling speed. Participants in both groups stopped farther from the obstacle when approaching with long- than short-initial distance conditions. No systematic effects of loading on braking performance and control were found across the two groups. However, both groups did increase the magnitude of brake adjustments as ideal deceleration increased and got closer to the action boundary, even when current deceleration approached the ideal deceleration. This indicates that participants adopted an affordance-based control strategy for braking. Two braking styles were identified: an aggressive style, characterized by a late braking onset and a high, steep peak in ideal deceleration, and a conservative style, characterized by an early braking onset and gradual, linear increase in ideal deceleration. The aggressive braking style was more prevalent among the active-cyclists. We suggest that the braking styles emerge from differences in calibration between information and action. The novelty of our work lies in confirming that cyclists adopt an affordance-based control strategy in an in-situ experiment and in demonstrating and explicating how affordance-based control can incorporate the emergence of different styles of braking.

我们研究了在原地避免碰撞实验中,骑车人是否通过采用基于承受能力的控制策略来调节制动。在基于承受能力的制动控制策略中,减速是相对于可达到的最大减速来控制的,而不是通过消除与理想减速之间的偏差来控制的,并且有可能允许不同的制动方式。研究人员要求 20 名积极和 18 名不积极的自行车运动员在室内健身房的直道上骑车,并尽可能靠近静止障碍物前停下。通过对自行车进行负重(空载、负重-5 千克和负重-10 千克)来控制可达到的最大减速度。采用两种接近距离来改变骑车速度。与短距离相比,在长距离接近障碍物时,两组参与者在距离障碍物更远的地方停下。在两组中,没有发现负载对制动性能和控制的系统性影响。不过,随着理想减速度的增加以及距离行动边界越来越近,即使当前减速度接近理想减速度,两组人的制动调整幅度也会增加。这表明参与者在制动时采用了基于承受能力的控制策略。研究发现了两种制动风格:一种是激进型风格,其特点是制动开始较晚,理想减速度的峰值较高且陡峭;另一种是保守型风格,其特点是制动开始较早,理想减速度逐渐线性增加。积极的制动方式在主动骑车者中更为普遍。我们认为,制动风格的形成源于信息与行动之间的校准差异。我们工作的新颖之处在于,在现场实验中证实了骑车人采用了基于承受能力的控制策略,并展示和解释了基于承受能力的控制如何能够将不同制动风格的出现结合起来。
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引用次数: 0
Visual behavior of racing bike cyclists in multi-tasking situations 多任务情况下竞速自行车运动员的视觉行为
IF 2.1 3区 心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-05-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2024.103224
Stefan Panzer , Christina Pfeifer , Peter Leinen , Johannes Puhl

Distracted biking can have serious repercussions for the rider such as accidents. The purpose of the present experiment was to determine the effect of visually monitoring two parameters, the cadence, and the heart rate on a bike computer fixed on a racing bike, and simultaneously detect hazardous traffic situations. Individuals (n = 20) were instructed to ride a racing bike that was fitted onto a roller trainer. After conducting a bicycle step test to assess the maximal heart rate (HFmax), participants were assigned to a within subject-design on a separate day. They were instructed to perform the riding task in two single-task conditions (only watching the traffic at the video with occluded or without occluded bike computer), two multi-tasking conditions (monitoring the cadence of 70 RPM or 90 RPM, monitoring the heart rate, and observing the traffic) and one control condition (no instructions). Percentage dwell time of the eye movements, the constant error from the target cadence, keeping the heart rate in an interval of 50% - 70% of the HFmax, and percentage of the recognized hazard traffic situations were analyzed. The analysis indicated that monitoring the parameters on the bike computer induced no significant decline in perceived hazardous traffic situations.

骑车分心会给骑车者带来严重后果,如发生事故。本实验的目的是确定通过固定在赛车上的自行车电脑目视监测两个参数(步频和心率)的效果,并同时检测危险的交通状况。实验人员(n = 20)在指导下骑上安装在滚轴训练器上的赛车。在进行自行车台阶测试以评估最大心率(HFmax)后,参与者被分配到另一天的受试者内设计中。他们在两种单一任务条件下(只观察视频中的交通情况,并遮挡或不遮挡自行车电脑)、两种多任务条件下(监测 70 RPM 或 90 RPM 的步频、监测心率并观察交通情况)和一种对照条件下(无指导)完成骑行任务。对眼球运动的停留时间百分比、与目标速度的恒定误差、将心率保持在最高心率的 50%-70%之间以及识别危险交通状况的百分比进行了分析。分析结果表明,监控自行车电脑上的参数并不会导致感知到的危险交通状况显著下降。
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引用次数: 0
Visual feedbacks influence short-term learning of torque versus motion profile with robotic guidance among young adults 视觉反馈影响青少年在机器人引导下对扭矩与运动曲线的短期学习
IF 2.1 3区 心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2024.103221
C.R. Scotto , Y. Blandin , R. Crolan , A. Eon , P. Laguillaumie , A. Decatoire

Robotic assistance can improve the learning of complex motor skills. However, the assistance designed and used up to now mainly guides motor commands for trajectory learning, not dynamics learning. The present study explored how a complex motor skill involving the right arm can be learned without suppressing task dynamics, by means of an innovative device with robotic guidance that allows a torque versus motion profile to be learned with admittance control. In addition, we assessed how concurrent visual feedback on this profile can enhance learning without creating dependency, by means of a fading procedure (i.e., feedback reduction across trials). On Day 1, a Control group performed an acquisition session (6 blocks) featuring concurrent visual feedback, while a Fading group performed the session with a gradual reduction in feedback (from 100% to 0% over the 6 blocks). On Day 2, both groups performed a block first without feedback (i.e., Transfer test), then with feedback (i.e., Retention test). Results revealed that on Day 1, movement rehearsal induced a significant improvement in spatiotemporal parameters for the Control group, compared with the Fading group. On Day 2, the opposite was found when this visual feedback was removed, as the Fading group performed significantly better than the Control group on the Transfer test. Vision allows a relationship to be established between the required torque and the motion profile. Its suppression then forces the processing of more intrinsic information, leading to the development of a stable internal representation of the task.

机器人辅助可以改善复杂运动技能的学习。然而,迄今为止所设计和使用的辅助工具主要是引导运动指令进行轨迹学习,而不是动态学习。本研究探索了如何在不抑制任务动态的情况下学习涉及右臂的复杂运动技能,其方法是通过一种创新的机器人引导装置,利用导纳控制学习扭矩与运动曲线。此外,我们还通过渐变程序(即减少各次试验中的反馈),评估了关于该曲线的并发视觉反馈如何在不产生依赖性的情况下增强学习效果。第 1 天,对照组进行了以并发视觉反馈为特征的习得训练(6 个区块),而渐弱组则进行了反馈逐渐减少的训练(在 6 个区块中从 100% 减少到 0%)。第 2 天,两组都先进行了无反馈区块(即转移测试),然后进行了有反馈区块(即保持测试)。结果表明,在第 1 天,与消退组相比,控制组的动作排练在时空参数上有显著改善。第 2 天,当视觉反馈被移除时,结果却恰恰相反,淡入组在转移测试中的表现明显优于对照组。视觉可以在所需扭矩和运动曲线之间建立联系。视觉反馈被抑制后,会迫使人们处理更多的内在信息,从而形成稳定的任务内部表征。
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引用次数: 0
Online corrections can occur within movement imagery: An investigation of the motor-cognitive model 在线纠正可在运动想象中发生:运动认知模型研究
IF 2.1 3区 心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2024.103222
Robin Owen , Caroline J. Wakefield , James W. Roberts

The motor-cognitive model proposes that movement imagery additionally requires conscious monitoring owing to an absence of veridical online sensory feedback. Therefore, it is predicted that there would be a comparatively limited ability for individuals to update or correct movement imagery as they could within execution. To investigate, participants executed and imagined target-directed aiming movements featuring either an unexpected target perturbation (Exp. 1) or removal of visual sensory feedback (Exp. 2). The results of both experiments indicated that the time-course of executed and imagined movements was equally influenced by each of these online visual manipulations. Thus, contrary to some of the tenets of the motor-cognitive model, movement imagery holds the capacity to interpolate online corrections despite the absence of veridical sensory feedback. The further theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.

运动认知模型认为,由于缺乏真实的在线感官反馈,运动想象还需要有意识的监控。因此,预计个体更新或纠正运动想象的能力将相对有限,因为他们可以在执行过程中更新或纠正运动想象。为了进行研究,实验参与者在执行和想象目标定向瞄准动作时,会遇到意外的目标扰动(实验 1)或视觉感觉反馈被移除(实验 2)。这两项实验的结果表明,执行和想象动作的时间过程同样受到这两种在线视觉操作的影响。因此,与运动认知模型的一些原理相反,尽管没有真实的感觉反馈,运动想象仍有能力进行在线修正。本文讨论了这些发现的进一步理论意义。
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引用次数: 0
Reduced trunk movement control during motor dual-tasking in older adults 老年人在运动双重任务时躯干运动控制能力下降
IF 2.1 3区 心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-04-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2024.103223
Alyssa O. Vanderlinden , Masood Nevisipour , Thomas Sugar , Hyunglae Lee

Older adults have a decreased trunk movement control which is linked to their higher fall risk. While motor/cognitive dual-tasking deteriorates balance and walking in older adults, there is limited understanding on how trunk kinematics and kinetics are affected by dual-tasking in scenarios where falls can occur. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to determine the impacts of a challenging motor dual-task, specifically obstacle avoidance during walking, on trunk and lower-body kinematics and kinetics of older adults compared to young adults. The study captured three-dimensional kinematic and kinetic data from 12 young adults and 10 older adults as they walked on a treadmill and stepped over an obstacle with both legs. The study analyzed trunk, hip, knee, and ankle angles and torques. Trunk torque was further broken down to trunk muscle torque, gravitational torque, and inertia torque. A linear mixed effects model was used to investigate the difference in each variable between the two groups. Older adults exhibited significantly increased trunk flexion angle and trunk extension muscle torque compared to young adults, with the trunk being the only segment/joint showing differences in both kinematics and kinetics. Trunk torque breakdown analysis revealed that larger trunk flexion led to a larger gravitational torque, which contributed to an increased compensatory trunk muscle torque. Moreover, older adults' less controlled trunk flexion during weight shifting from trail leg to the lead leg, necessitated a compensatory trunk deceleration during trail leg obstacle avoidance which was achieved by generating additional increase in trunk muscle torque. The study demonstrated that motor dual-tasking has the most negative effects on trunk control in older adults compared to young adults. This exposes older adults to a higher fall risk. Therefore, future work should focus on supporting trunk control during daily multi-tasking conditions where falls can occur.

老年人的躯干运动控制能力下降,这与他们较高的跌倒风险有关。虽然运动/认知双重任务会降低老年人的平衡能力和行走能力,但在可能发生跌倒的情况下,人们对双重任务如何影响躯干运动学和动力学的了解还很有限。因此,本研究旨在确定具有挑战性的运动双重任务(特别是在行走过程中避开障碍物)对老年人与年轻人相比的躯干和下半身运动学和动力学的影响。研究采集了 12 名年轻人和 10 名老年人在跑步机上行走并用双腿跨过障碍物时的三维运动学和动力学数据。研究分析了躯干、髋关节、膝关节和踝关节的角度和扭矩。躯干扭矩进一步细分为躯干肌肉扭矩、重力扭矩和惯性扭矩。采用线性混合效应模型来研究两组之间每个变量的差异。与年轻人相比,老年人的躯干弯曲角度和躯干伸展肌肉扭矩明显增加,而躯干是唯一一个在运动学和动力学方面都显示出差异的部分/关节。躯干扭矩分解分析表明,较大的躯干屈曲会导致较大的重力扭矩,从而导致躯干肌肉代偿扭矩的增加。此外,老年人在将重心从后腿转移到前腿时对躯干屈曲的控制较差,因此在后腿避障时需要对躯干进行补偿性减速,而这是通过额外增加躯干肌肉扭矩来实现的。研究表明,与年轻人相比,运动双重任务对老年人躯干控制的负面影响最大。这使老年人面临更高的跌倒风险。因此,未来的工作应侧重于在可能发生跌倒的日常多重任务条件下支持躯干控制。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring harmonic walking development in children with unilateral cerebral palsy and typically developing toddlers: Insights from walking experience 探索单侧脑瘫儿童和发育正常幼儿的和谐行走发展:行走经验的启示
IF 2.1 3区 心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-04-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2024.103218
Daniela De Bartolo , Marzieh Borhanazad , Marije Goudriaan , Annike Bekius , Coen S. Zandvoort , Annemieke I. Buizer , Daniela Morelli , Carla Assenza , R. Jeroen Vermeulen , Brian H.M. Martens , Marco Iosa , Nadia Dominici

This longitudinal study investigated the impact of the first independent steps on harmonic gait development in unilateral cerebral palsy (CP) and typically developing (TD) children. We analysed the gait ratio values (GR) by comparing the duration of stride/stance, stance/swing and swing/double support phases. Our investigation focused on identifying a potential trend towards the golden ratio value of 1.618, which has been observed in the locomotion of healthy adults as a characteristic of harmonic walking. Locomotor ability was assessed in both groups at different developmental stages: before and after the emergence of independent walking. Results revealed that an exponential fit was observed only after the first unsupported steps were taken. TD children achieved harmonic walking within a relatively short period (approximately one month) compared to children with CP, who took about seven months to develop harmonic walking. Converging values for stride/stance and stance/swing gait ratios, averaged on the two legs, closely approached the golden ratio in TD children (R2 = 0.9) with no difference in the analysis of the left vs right leg separately. In contrast, children with CP exhibited a trend for stride/stance and stance/swing (R2 = 0.7), with distinct trends observed for the most affected leg which did not reach the golden ratio value for the stride/stance ratio (GR = 1.5), while the least affected leg exceeded it (GR = 1.7). On the contrary, the opposite trend was observed for the stance/swing ratio. These findings indicate an overall harmonic walking in children with CP despite the presence of asymmetry between the two legs. These results underscore the crucial role of the first independent steps in the progressive development of harmonic gait over time.

这项纵向研究调查了单侧脑瘫(CP)儿童和发育正常(TD)儿童独立迈出第一步对和谐步态发展的影响。我们通过比较跨步/站立、站立/摆动和摆动/双支撑阶段的持续时间来分析步态比率值(GR)。我们的研究重点是确定黄金比率值为 1.618 的潜在趋势,该比率值已在健康成人的运动中被观察到,是谐波行走的一个特征。我们评估了两组儿童在不同发育阶段的运动能力:独立行走之前和之后。结果表明,只有在迈出最初的无支撑步之后,才能观察到指数拟合。TD儿童在相对较短的时间内(约一个月)就实现了和谐行走,而CP儿童则需要约七个月的时间才能实现和谐行走。TD儿童两条腿的步幅/步态和姿态/摆动步态比率的平均值接近黄金比率(R2 = 0.9),左腿和右腿的分析结果没有差异。与此相反,CP 患儿的跨步/站姿和站姿/摆动(R2 = 0.7)呈现出明显的趋势,其中受影响最大的腿的跨步/站姿比率未达到黄金比率值(GR = 1.5),而受影响最小的腿则超过了黄金比率值(GR = 1.7)。相反,站姿/摆动比却出现了相反的趋势。这些结果表明,尽管CP患儿的两条腿不对称,但他们的行走总体上是和谐的。这些结果突出表明,随着时间的推移,独立的第一步在和谐步态的逐步发展中起着至关重要的作用。
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Human Movement Science
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