Human Movement Science最新文献_第6页

Impact of attentional focus and action verbs on bench press performance 注意焦点和动作动词对卧推性能的影响

IF 1.6 3区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Human Movement Science

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2025.103385

Mitchell Finlay , David Marchant , Christina Langley , Thomas Simpson

Verbal instructions that direct an individual's attention are crucial for optimising movement and performance. While previous research has consistently demonstrated that an external focus of attention enhances motor performance more effectively than an internal focus of attention, the role of action verbs embedded within attentional focus instructions remains unexplored. This study aimed to assess how different action verbs (push vs. punch) and attentional focus (external vs. internal) influence bench press velocity. Twenty-six physically active participants familiar with the bench press technique completed four conditions: EF-push, EF-punch, IF-push, and IF-punch. Each condition involved performing bench press repetitions with specific verbal instructions. Results indicated that both external focus conditions led to significantly greater bar velocities compared to internal focus conditions, supporting the constrained action hypothesis. Additionally, the action verb “punch” resulted in higher bar velocities than “push,” suggesting that action words influence motor performance in maximal effort tasks. No significant interaction effects were found between attentional focus and action verbs, indicating that their effects on performance are independent. These findings highlight the importance of using externally focused instructions and carefully chosen action words to enhance performance in strength and conditioning tasks. The study contributes to our understanding of how instructional cues can optimise resistance exercise performance and suggests practical applications for coaches and practitioners in designing effective training interventions.

引导个人注意力的口头指示对于优化运动和表现至关重要。虽然之前的研究一直表明，外部注意力比内部注意力更有效地提高运动表现，但在注意力集中指令中嵌入的动作动词的作用仍未得到探索。本研究旨在评估不同的动作动词（推与冲）和注意力焦点（外部与内部）对卧推速度的影响。26名熟悉卧推技术的体力活跃参与者完成了四个条件：ef推、ef冲、if推和if冲。每种情况下都需要在特定的口头指导下重复进行卧推。结果表明，与内部聚焦条件相比，两种外部聚焦条件下的杆速都显著增加，这支持了约束动作假设。此外，动作动词“打”比“推”导致更高的杆速度，这表明动作词影响最大努力任务中的运动表现。注意焦点与动作动词之间没有显著的交互作用，表明它们对成绩的影响是独立的。这些发现强调了使用外部聚焦指令和精心选择的动作词来提高力量和调节任务表现的重要性。该研究有助于我们理解教学线索如何优化抗阻运动的表现，并为教练和从业者设计有效的训练干预提供了实际应用。

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引用次数: 0

Higher entropy in movements may promote enhanced upper limb motor precision 运动中较高的熵可能促进上肢运动精度的提高

IF 1.6 3区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Human Movement Science

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2025.103368

Kolby J. Brink , Tyler M. Wiles , Nick Stergiou , Aaron D. Likens

The Optimal Movement Variability Hypothesis posits that healthy movements exhibit an optimal structure of variability, characterized by fractal patterns, which confer both stability and flexibility in motor control. This optimal, fractally-structured, variability has been associated with reduced metabolic cost during walking and enhanced resilience to perturbations. However, the full extent of the potential benefits of this variability remains largely unexplored. Our study aims to investigate whether training sessions involving movement synchronization to a variable fractally structured auditory cueing device can also enhance dexterity and reduce miss percentage in a Fitts' law task. Twenty-four participants were randomly assigned to three groups: two groups received training involving wrist oscillations synchronized to an auditory cue with a fractal structure or self-paced wrist oscillations without a cue, while the third group received no training. Following four training sessions, the training groups completed a post-Fitts' Law task to assess any improvements in dexterity, while the untrained group completed the post-Fitts' Law task two weeks after their initial assessment. The results indicated that all groups improved accuracy, although there was no enhancement in the speed of striking the targets. Contrary to our hypothesis, the fractally structured auditory cued training group did not demonstrate superior performance compared to the self-paced and no-training groups. However, subjects who showed improvement on the post-Fitts' Law task exhibited higher movement sample entropy during the training task, irrespective of the training group they were in. These results suggest that while a generalized fractal variability training program may not enhance dexterity for young adults, individuals with high movement unpredictability may possess a greater capability for motor learning.

最优运动变异性假说认为，健康的运动表现出最优的变异性结构，以分形模式为特征，这赋予了运动控制的稳定性和灵活性。这种最佳的、分形结构的可变性与行走时的代谢成本降低和对扰动的恢复能力增强有关。然而，这种可变性的潜在益处的全部程度在很大程度上仍未得到探索。我们的研究目的是探讨运动同步与可变分形结构听觉提示装置的训练是否也可以提高灵巧性和减少菲茨定律任务的遗漏率。24名参与者被随机分为三组：两组接受训练，包括与分形结构的听觉提示同步的手腕摆动，或者在没有提示的情况下进行自节奏手腕摆动，而第三组没有接受训练。经过四次训练后，训练组完成了菲茨法后的任务，以评估灵巧性的任何改善，而未经训练的组在初始评估后两周完成了菲茨法后的任务。结果表明，所有组都提高了准确性，尽管击中目标的速度没有提高。与我们的假设相反，分形结构听觉提示训练组与自定节奏组和非训练组相比并没有表现出优越的表现。然而，在菲茨定律后任务中表现出改善的受试者在训练任务中表现出更高的运动样本熵，无论他们在哪个训练组。这些结果表明，虽然广义的分形可变性训练计划可能不会提高年轻人的灵活性，但运动不可预测性高的个体可能具有更强的运动学习能力。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of verbal reinforcement on electromyographic activity and performance in the traditional front plank exercise 言语强化对传统平板支撑运动中肌电活动和表现的影响

IF 1.6 3区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Human Movement Science

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2025.103386

Tamiris Beppler Martins , Luis Mochizuki , Iramar Baptistella do Nascimento , Rodrigo Okubo , Gilmar Moraes Santos

Background

Verbal reinforcement may influence neuromuscular responses during exercises, but its specific effects on electromyographic activity and performance during the traditional front plank exercise remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of verbal reinforcement on muscle activation amplitude, median frequency, execution time, and perceived exertion during the front plank exercise.

Methods

Thirty physically active adults performed the front plank under two randomized conditions: with and without verbal reinforcement. Electromyography signals were processed to extract amplitude and median frequency using a 1-s window and analyzed with quadratic polynomial models.

Findings

While no significant differences were found between conditions with and without verbal reinforcement in electromyographic amplitude or median frequency (p > 0.05), significant differences were observed among muscles in amplitude and frequency coefficients. Verbal reinforcement led to significantly longer execution time (median: 125.9 s vs. 97.0 s, p < 0.001; Cohen's d = 0.49, moderate effect) and increased perceived exertion (odds ratio: 5.09; p = 0.03; Cohen's d = 0.29, small effect).

Interpretation

These findings suggest that verbal reinforcement does not alter electromyographic behavior; however, it enhances performance duration and perceived exertion, supporting its use in isometric core training.

语言强化可能会影响运动中的神经肌肉反应，但其对传统前平板支撑运动中肌电活动和表现的具体影响尚不清楚。本研究旨在探讨言语强化对前平板支撑运动中肌肉激活幅度、中位频率、执行时间和感知力道的影响。方法30名身体活跃的成年人在有和没有言语强化的随机两种情况下进行前平板支撑。采用1-s窗对肌电信号进行处理，提取振幅和中位数频率，并用二次多项式模型进行分析。结果发现，在有和没有言语强化的情况下，肌电图振幅或中位数频率没有显著差异(p >；0.05)，不同肌肉间振幅系数和频率系数差异显著。言语强化导致执行时间显著延长(中位数：125.9 s vs. 97.0 s, p <；0.001;Cohen’s d = 0.49，中等效果)和感觉劳累增加(优势比：5.09；p = 0.03；Cohen’s d = 0.29，影响较小)。这些发现表明言语强化不会改变肌电图行为；然而，它提高了性能持续时间和感知运动，支持其在等距核心训练中的使用。

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引用次数: 0

Quiet Eye Training in Virtual Reality and in the Real-World 虚拟现实和现实世界中的静眼训练

IF 1.6 3区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Human Movement Science

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2025.103370

Jayke B. Bennett, David L. Neumann, Matthew J. Stainer

Virtual Reality (VR) may facilitate skill-learning in ways that have advantages over real-world training. QET was selected due to the wide implementation scope of training in VR, such as adaptive feedback and gaze cueing. Undergraduates who were novice to golf (N = 46) were randomly assigned into one of four conditions based on whether Quiet Eye Training (QET) was received or not, and whether subsequent golf putting practice occurred in the real-world (RW) or in VR. Participants had their golf putting performance and eye-gaze measured at baseline, post-training, and at a 1-week retention. Participants who received QET improved in their real-world putting performance, including number of putts holed and in radial error (distance between ball to hole) baseline-to-post, and baseline-to-retention, while their visuomotor behaviour was more similar to the expert. The performance improvement for QET participants was irrespective of whether they completed practice in VR or in the real-world. When putting in VR, participants who practiced their putting in the real-world (independent of training), improved in their radial error baseline-to-post and baseline-to-retention, while there was no improvement for participants who practiced in VR. The results suggest that QET may facilitate real-world golf putting performance improvement, irrespective of whether practice following the gaze training is conducted in VR or in the real-world. Further, real-world skills may transfer to VR environments, but that skills practiced in VR may need additional training to facilitate real-world performance improvement.

虚拟现实（VR）可能以比现实世界的培训更有优势的方式促进技能学习。之所以选择QET，是因为在VR中训练的实施范围很广，如自适应反馈和凝视提示。根据是否接受静眼训练（QET），以及随后的高尔夫推杆练习是在现实世界（RW）还是在虚拟现实（VR）中进行，46名高尔夫新手本科生被随机分配到四种条件之一。研究人员在基线、训练后和1周内测量了参与者的高尔夫推杆表现和目光。接受QET治疗的参与者在现实世界中的推杆表现得到了改善，包括推杆入洞数、径向误差（球到洞之间的距离）、基线到柱和基线到保持力，而他们的视觉运动行为与专家更相似。QET参与者的表现改善与他们是在虚拟现实中还是在现实世界中完成练习无关。当使用VR时，在现实世界中练习推杆的参与者（独立于训练）在基线到杆和基线到保持的径向误差方面有所改善，而在VR中练习的参与者没有任何改善。结果表明，无论注视训练后的练习是在VR中进行还是在现实世界中进行，QET都可能促进现实世界高尔夫推杆成绩的提高。此外，现实世界的技能可能会转移到VR环境中，但在VR中练习的技能可能需要额外的培训，以促进现实世界的表现提高。

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引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to "Multifractality in postural sway supports quiet eye training in aiming tasks: A study of golf putting" [Human Movement Science, (2025) 103341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2025.103341]. “姿势摇摆中的多重分形支持瞄准任务中的静眼训练：高尔夫推杆的研究”的勘误表[人类运动科学，（2025）103341]。https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2025.103341]。

IF 1.9 3区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Human Movement Science

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2025.103383

Noah Jacobson, Quinn Berleman-Paul, Madhur Mangalam, Damian G Kelty-Stephen, Christopher Ralston

引用次数: 0

The influence of exercise-induced fatigue on neuromuscular control strategies during lifting tasks: A muscle synergy study based on wavelet packet transform 运动疲劳对举重运动中神经肌肉控制策略的影响：基于小波包变换的肌肉协同研究

IF 1.6 3区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Human Movement Science

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2025.103382

Zixin Wang , Chenxi Hu , Yanfeng Li , Xue Chen , Xianzhi Gao , Jiaqi Zhang , Bo Huo

Repetitive lifting-related low back pain is a significant health issue among workers, in which fatigue is generally identified as a critical risk factor. However, there is currently a lack of research on the effects of exercised induced fatigue on neuromuscular control patterns, which can be identified through muscle synergy based on the signals of surface electromyographic (sEMG). This study employs a wavelet packet transform (WPT) combined with non-negative matrix factorization (NNMF) to investigate the lifting task from the perspective of muscle synergy and to explore the characteristics of muscle synergy patterns under exercise-induced fatigue. Eleven participants were recruited to perform a repetitive lifting task until subjective fatigue. Utilizing the NNMF method, three modules associated with the lifting task were identified. Notably, the module primarily involving the TA and LES exhibited a higher activation level, indicating that this module requires greater neural resource regulation. However, the effect of fatigue on muscle synergy was not found in NNMF method. Additionally, the WPT-NNMF method revealed that the effects of fatigue on different frequency bands and synergy modules were inconsistent. Overall, as the frequency band increased, the impact of exercise-induced fatigue on muscle synergy intensified, with a more pronounced effect observed in the module characterized by TA and LES compared to the other two modules.

重复性举重引起的腰痛是工人的一个重要健康问题，疲劳通常被认为是一个关键的风险因素。然而，目前缺乏关于运动引起的疲劳对神经肌肉控制模式的影响的研究，这可以通过基于肌表电图（sEMG）信号的肌肉协同作用来识别。本研究采用小波包变换（WPT）结合非负矩阵分解（NNMF）从肌肉协同的角度研究举重任务，探讨运动性疲劳下肌肉协同模式的特征。11名参与者被招募来执行重复的举重任务，直到主观疲劳。利用NNMF方法，确定了与起重任务相关的三个模块。值得注意的是，主要涉及TA和LES的模块表现出更高的激活水平，表明该模块需要更多的神经资源调节。然而，在NNMF方法中没有发现疲劳对肌肉协同作用的影响。此外，WPT-NNMF方法显示疲劳对不同频段和协同模块的影响不一致。总的来说，随着频带的增加，运动疲劳对肌肉协同作用的影响增强，以TA和LES为特征的模块的影响比其他两个模块更为明显。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of prosthetic ankle stiffness on adaptation to uneven terrain in individuals with unilateral transtibial amputation 假体踝关节刚度对单侧胫骨截肢患者适应不平坦地形的影响

IF 1.6 3区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Human Movement Science

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2025.103371

A.S. Voloshina , S.H. Collins , A. Seyfarth

Background

Uneven terrain poses significant locomotor challenges for individuals with unilateral transtibial amputation, affecting both gait kinetics and kinematics. Moreover, prosthetic devices are often prescribed for level-ground, although optimal device characteristics, such as stiffness, may vary depending on the terrain.

Research question

This study evaluated the interactions between prosthesis stiffness and walking surface height variability on step characteristics and joint mechanics.

Methods

Nine individuals with unilateral transtibial amputation participated in the study. Participants walked over a modifiable uneven terrain walkway to create even, low variability, and high variability terrain. On all terrains, participants used ankle-foot prostheses of three different stiffness levels: soft, medium, or stiff. We recorded gait kinetics and kinematics using two in-ground force platforms beneath the walkway and a motion-capture camera system.

Results

Terrain variability and prosthesis stiffness affected multiple biomechanical measures, but did not demonstrate any interaction effects between each other. Terrain influenced step parameters such as width, length, and variability measures, while device stiffness affected mean step width and length. Terrain and device stiffness did not significantly affect joint moments or positive joint work. However, stiffness affected the difference in peak ankle and hip moments between the affected and unaffected limbs. Terrain and stiffness effects were present in negative ankle and hip work measures.

Significance

On average, individuals with amputation exhibited relatively small changes in joint dynamics when walking on uneven terrain compared to level ground. Additionally, device stiffness had only minor effects on gait outcomes in response to changes in surface. These results suggest that varying ankle stiffness may not be an effective strategy for reducing joint loading or improving gait symmetry during uneven terrain walking.

平坦的地形对单侧胫骨截肢患者的运动能力构成了重大挑战，影响了步态动力学和运动学。此外，假肢装置通常用于平地，尽管最佳装置特性（如刚度）可能因地形而异。研究问题：本研究评估假体刚度与行走面高度变化对步长特征和关节力学的相互作用。方法对9例单侧经胫骨截肢患者进行研究。参与者走在一个可修改的不平坦地形人行道上，以创造均匀的、低变异性和高变异性地形。在所有地形上，参与者使用三种不同刚度水平的踝关节-足假体：软、中、硬。我们使用人行道下方的两个地面力平台和运动捕捉相机系统记录步态动力学和运动学。结果骨骼变异性和假体刚度对多项生物力学指标均有影响，但两者之间不存在交互作用。地形影响台阶参数，如宽度、长度和可变性测量，而设备刚度影响平均台阶宽度和长度。地形和装置刚度对关节力矩和关节功没有显著影响。然而，僵硬影响了受影响和未受影响肢体之间踝关节和髋关节峰值力矩的差异。地形和刚度的影响存在于负踝关节和髋关节工作测量。平均而言，与平地相比，截肢者在不平坦地形上行走时关节动力学的变化相对较小。此外，设备刚度对步态结果的影响很小，以响应表面的变化。这些结果表明，在不平坦的地形上行走时，改变踝关节刚度可能不是减少关节负荷或改善步态对称性的有效策略。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of a novel exercise program on the development of motor skills in children with sensory processing disorders (SPD) 一种新型运动项目对感觉加工障碍儿童运动技能发展的影响

IF 1.6 3区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Human Movement Science

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2025.103384

Qichang Mei , Rui Yang , Zitong Guo , Shandana Zeb , Bernard X.W. Liew , Justin Fernandez , Lin Yu

SPD is a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting healthy development and daily functioning. This study investigated the effect of a six-week exercise intervention on gross motor development in SPD group using a controlled trial design with intervention and control groups. Fifty-four children joined this study, categorized into the SPD group receiving therapeutic exercise and the TD (Typically Developing) control group receiving regular physical training. Scores were evaluated pre- and post-intervention using TGMD-3 to assess gross motor development, and further evaluated the scores of the intervention group post-intervention and the control group prior to normal training. Results revealed significantly higher composite, locomotor skills, and ball skills scores in the TD control group than the SPD group pre-intervention, however both groups showed significant improvements in composite scores and the locomotor skills and ball skills scores from pre- to post-intervention. The TD control group showed significantly higher composite scores and ball skills scores post-intervention than the SPD group but not locomotor skills scores. The differences between the TD control group and SPD group reduced substantially post-intervention. SPD group significantly improved physical fitness, motor skills, and expressive abilities. The intervention significantly promoted gross motor development, suggesting that customized exercise programs could improve motor function. Interventions shall focus on enhancing sensory function and promoting gross motor development. Exercise intervention is crucial in improving gross motor function and should be integrated into rehabilitation programs as an essential component.

SPD是一种影响健康发育和日常功能的神经发育障碍。本研究采用干预组和对照组的对照试验设计，探讨了为期六周的运动干预对SPD组大肌肉运动发展的影响。54名儿童参加了这项研究，分为接受治疗性运动的SPD组和接受常规体育训练的TD（典型发育）对照组。采用TGMD-3大肌肉运动发展量表评估干预前后的得分，并进一步评估干预组干预后和对照组正常训练前的得分。结果显示，干预前，TD对照组的综合得分、运动技能和球技得分显著高于SPD组，但两组的综合得分、运动技能和球技得分从干预前到干预后均有显著改善。干预后，TD对照组的综合得分和球类技能得分显著高于SPD组，但运动技能得分不显著高于SPD组。干预后，TD对照组和SPD组之间的差异显著减小。SPD组显著提高了身体素质、运动技能和表达能力。干预显著促进了大肌肉运动的发展，这表明定制的锻炼计划可以改善运动功能。干预应侧重于增强感觉功能和促进大肌肉运动的发展。运动干预对改善大肌肉运动功能至关重要，应作为一个重要组成部分纳入康复计划。

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引用次数: 0

Detecting optimal gaze behavior of successful basketball free throwing via machine learning system 基于机器学习系统的篮球罚球最佳凝视行为检测

IF 1.6 3区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Human Movement Science

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2025.103381

Ayoub Asadi , Afkham Daneshfar , Mohammad R. Saeedpour-Parizi , Christopher A. Aiken , Ann Smiley

Eye tracking in sport is an emerging field that explores the relationships between visual function and motor performance. However, research has shown that visual behaviors are distinct enough to detect superior performance; and serve as a suitable input for designing machine learning systems, few study has been tested yet the eye tracking machine learning in sport tasks. The current research investigated the eye movement behaviors for detecting successful performance using machine learning. The gaze behavior of 25 student basketball players during the hit and miss free- throwing's trials was collected and analyzed by statistical (JMP pro) and machine learning (Python) approaches. Results showed significant differences between saccade duration in hit and miss trials. In previous studies of free throwing, fixations were used as a measure of visual information processing, but our results showed that the metrics related to saccades were more important for successful performance than those related to fixations. These findings highlight the importance of eye tracking machine learning in sport domain and suggest that successful performance can be reliably predicted from performers' eye movement data. Our results provide primary insights as well as inspiration for future research focusing on developing eye-tracking machine learning systems to detect proficiency in motor skills.

运动中的眼动追踪是一个探索视觉功能和运动表现之间关系的新兴领域。然而，研究表明，视觉行为足够明显，足以检测出卓越的表现；作为设计机器学习系统的合适输入，目前很少有研究对运动任务中的眼动追踪机器学习进行测试。目前的研究利用机器学习研究了检测成功表演的眼动行为。采用统计学软件（JMP pro）和机器学习软件（Python）对25名学生篮球运动员罚球投中和失中练习过程中的注视行为进行了收集和分析。结果显示，在击中试验和未击中试验中，扫视持续时间存在显著差异。在之前的自由投掷研究中，注视被用作视觉信息处理的衡量标准，但我们的研究结果表明，与扫视相关的指标比与注视相关的指标对成功的投掷更重要。这些发现突出了眼动追踪机器学习在运动领域的重要性，并表明可以从表演者的眼动数据中可靠地预测成功的表演。我们的研究结果为未来专注于开发眼球追踪机器学习系统以检测运动技能熟练程度的研究提供了初步见解和灵感。

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引用次数: 0

Differential impact of sensory uncertainty in blocked versus trial-interleaved contexts when feedforward and feedback processes co-occur 当前馈和反馈过程同时发生时，阻塞与试验交错情境下感觉不确定性的差异影响

IF 1.6 3区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Human Movement Science

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2025.103358

Matthew J. Crossley , Christopher L. Hewitson , David M. Kaplan

Theories of human motor learning commonly assume that the degree to which movement plans are adjusted in response to movement errors scales with the precision of sensory feedback received regarding their success. However, support for such models has mainly come from experiments that limit the amount of correction that can occur within an ongoing movement. In contrast, we have recently shown that when this restriction is relaxed, and both within-movement and between-movement corrections co-occur, movement plans undergo large and abrupt changes that are strongly correlated with the degree of sensory uncertainty present on the previous trial and are insensitive to the magnitude and direction of the experienced movement error. Here, we show that the presence of these abrupt and error-insensitive changes are only observed when different levels of sensory uncertainty are interleaved pseudo-randomly on a trial-by-trial basis, and are absent when sensory uncertainty levels vary across blocks of trials. These results suggest that the co-occurrence of within-movement and between-movement corrections is not the only important aspect of our earlier study that challenged traditional models of motor learning under uncertainty.

人类运动学习理论通常假设，运动计划根据运动错误而调整的程度，与运动成功所收到的感官反馈的精度有关。然而，对这些模型的支持主要来自实验，这些实验限制了在正在进行的运动中可能发生的修正量。相反，我们最近的研究表明，当这一限制被放宽时，运动内和运动间的修正同时发生，运动计划会经历巨大而突然的变化，这种变化与先前试验中存在的感觉不确定性程度密切相关，并且对所经历的运动误差的大小和方向不敏感。在这里，我们表明，只有当不同水平的感觉不确定性在逐个试验的基础上伪随机交错时，才会观察到这些突变和错误不敏感变化的存在，而当感觉不确定性水平在试验块之间变化时则不存在。这些结果表明，运动内纠正和运动间纠正的共同发生并不是我们早期研究中挑战不确定性下传统运动学习模型的唯一重要方面。

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引用次数: 0