Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2025.103320
Kevin Lima , Andrew D. Shelton , Jessica L. Allen , Vicki S. Mercer , Jason R. Franz
Straight line walking currently dominates research into mechanisms associated with walking-related instability; however, the dynamics of everyday walking behavior are far more complex. The figure-8 walk test (F8W) is a clinically-feasible activity that focuses on turning mobility and provides a convenient and relevant task for understanding age-related differences in walking beyond our present knowledge of steady-state behavior. Our purpose was to investigate the effects of age (n = 30 older versus n = 31 younger adults) on path characteristics and the “smoothness” of turning mobility – herein measured via normalized center of mass jerk - during the F8W. Compared to younger adults, older adults completed the F8W with longer paths and slower speeds. We interpret this outcome to suggest that older adults adopt a more cautious strategy when navigating turns during walking than younger adults. In addition, older adults completed the F8W with increased jerk and thus lesser smoothness than younger adults. Thus, despite adopting what we view as a more cautious strategy of longer and wider paths, older adults have worse movement quality and thus perhaps lesser stability than younger adults during turning tasks critical to safe and effective community ambulation.
{"title":"Older adults exhibit lesser smoothness despite increased caution than younger adults when navigating turns during walking","authors":"Kevin Lima , Andrew D. Shelton , Jessica L. Allen , Vicki S. Mercer , Jason R. Franz","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103320","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103320","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Straight line walking currently dominates research into mechanisms associated with walking-related instability; however, the dynamics of everyday walking behavior are far more complex. The figure-8 walk test (F8W) is a clinically-feasible activity that focuses on turning mobility and provides a convenient and relevant task for understanding age-related differences in walking beyond our present knowledge of steady-state behavior. Our purpose was to investigate the effects of age (<em>n</em> = 30 older versus <em>n</em> = 31 younger adults) on path characteristics and the “smoothness” of turning mobility – herein measured via normalized center of mass jerk - during the F8W. Compared to younger adults, older adults completed the F8W with longer paths and slower speeds. We interpret this outcome to suggest that older adults adopt a more cautious strategy when navigating turns during walking than younger adults. In addition, older adults completed the F8W with increased jerk and thus lesser smoothness than younger adults. Thus, despite adopting what we view as a more cautious strategy of longer and wider paths, older adults have worse movement quality and thus perhaps lesser stability than younger adults during turning tasks critical to safe and effective community ambulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 103320"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143016439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2024.103318
Anke Hua , Mélen Guillaume , Sergio T. Rodrigues , Fabio A. Barbieri , Cédrick T. Bonnet
Background and aim: Sit-stand desks allow individuals to work in either sitting or standing position. While previous studies have reported better performance on the attention network test (ANT) while standing compared to sitting, the relationship between body sway induced by these positions and ANT performance remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to test and expect benefits of body sway (in terms of magnitude and complexity) and improvements in ANT performance when standing (e.g. shorter reaction time) but not when sitting. Methods: Seventeen young adults (mean age = 21) performed reading tasks, questionnaires and ANTs sequentially in both standing and sitting positions. We measured body kinematics from the head, upper back and lower back during the study. We calculated the linear (i.e., velocity) and nonlinear (i.e., fractal dimension) variables of body sway, reaction times and alerting scores from the ANT. Our results showed that when standing, the complexity of sway was significantly negatively correlated with ANT reaction times (shorter reaction time indicating better performance) and significantly positively correlated with the scores of alerting from ANT. Hence, consistent with our expectation, ANT performance was higher when standing potentially because participants adjusted their sway. In contrast, while sitting, there was no significant correlation between body sway and ANT performance. Overall, the complexity of body sway in the standing position may increase alertness levels, potentially leading to better visual task performance. Practically, these findings suggest that working occasionally in the standing position is beneficial, as dynamic postural sway can enhance visual task performance.
{"title":"Benefits of swaying while standing to higher selective attention in goal-directed visual tasks","authors":"Anke Hua , Mélen Guillaume , Sergio T. Rodrigues , Fabio A. Barbieri , Cédrick T. Bonnet","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2024.103318","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2024.103318","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Background and aim: Sit-stand desks allow individuals to work in either sitting or standing position. While previous studies have reported better performance on the attention network test (ANT) while standing compared to sitting, the relationship between body sway induced by these positions and ANT performance remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to test and expect benefits of body sway (in terms of magnitude and complexity) and improvements in ANT performance when standing (e.g. shorter reaction time) but not when sitting. Methods: Seventeen young adults (mean age = 21) performed reading tasks, questionnaires and ANTs sequentially in both standing and sitting positions. We measured body kinematics from the head, upper back and lower back during the study. We calculated the linear (i.e., velocity) and nonlinear (i.e., fractal dimension) variables of body sway, reaction times and alerting scores from the ANT. Our results showed that when standing, the complexity of sway was significantly negatively correlated with ANT reaction times (shorter reaction time indicating better performance) and significantly positively correlated with the scores of alerting from ANT. Hence, consistent with our expectation, ANT performance was higher when standing potentially because participants adjusted their sway. In contrast, while sitting, there was no significant correlation between body sway and ANT performance. Overall, the complexity of body sway in the standing position may increase alertness levels, potentially leading to better visual task performance. Practically, these findings suggest that working occasionally in the standing position is beneficial, as dynamic postural sway can enhance visual task performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 103318"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142900449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lumbar motor control is an important factor for the prevention and improvement of low back pain and the enhancement of sports performance. Interventions for lumbar motor control are complex and difficult; however, training with whole-body vibrations has the potential to be simple and effective. Therefore, this study aimed to verify the effects of 4 weeks of trunk training with whole-body vibrations on each component of lumbar motor control. This single-blind, randomized controlled trial recruited 24 healthy university students (12 males and 12 females) who were randomized to undergo either whole-body or non–whole-body vibration training. The lumbar motion angle and angular jerk cost were measured during each lumbar motor control task (pelvic tilting, ball-catching, and quadruped rocking). There was a significant group × period interaction for the lumbar spine motion angle in the anterior pelvic tilt; however, no significant group × period interaction was observed in the other tasks. Regarding the comparison of pre- and post-intervention outcomes in the whole-body vibration training group, the lumbar spine motion angle of the anterior pelvic tilt was significantly smaller post-intervention than pre-intervention. In the ball-catching task, the lumbar spine motion angle was significantly smaller post-intervention than pre-intervention. Backward rocking resulted in a significantly greater lumbar spine motion angle post-intervention than pre-intervention.
In conclusion, whole-body vibration enhances the control of decreasing lumbar motion. However, it does not improve all components of lumbar motor control and should be considered based on the target component.
{"title":"Effects of whole-body vibration-based trunk training on lumbar motor control: A randomized controlled trial","authors":"Ryo Miyachi , Yui Nagamori , Yuji Kanazawa , Takashi Kitagawa , Toshiaki Yamazaki","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103321","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103321","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lumbar motor control is an important factor for the prevention and improvement of low back pain and the enhancement of sports performance. Interventions for lumbar motor control are complex and difficult; however, training with whole-body vibrations has the potential to be simple and effective. Therefore, this study aimed to verify the effects of 4 weeks of trunk training with whole-body vibrations on each component of lumbar motor control. This single-blind, randomized controlled trial recruited 24 healthy university students (12 males and 12 females) who were randomized to undergo either whole-body or non–whole-body vibration training. The lumbar motion angle and angular jerk cost were measured during each lumbar motor control task (pelvic tilting, ball-catching, and quadruped rocking). There was a significant group × period interaction for the lumbar spine motion angle in the anterior pelvic tilt; however, no significant group × period interaction was observed in the other tasks. Regarding the comparison of pre- and post-intervention outcomes in the whole-body vibration training group, the lumbar spine motion angle of the anterior pelvic tilt was significantly smaller post-intervention than pre-intervention. In the ball-catching task, the lumbar spine motion angle was significantly smaller post-intervention than pre-intervention. Backward rocking resulted in a significantly greater lumbar spine motion angle post-intervention than pre-intervention.</div><div>In conclusion, whole-body vibration enhances the control of decreasing lumbar motion. However, it does not improve all components of lumbar motor control and should be considered based on the target component.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 103321"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-02DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2024.103313
Ferran Cuenca-Martínez , Alba Nieves-Gómez , Natalia Millán-Isasi , Laura Fuentes-Aparicio , Núria Sempere-Rubio
The main aim was to assess the effects of motor imagery (MI) and action observation (AO) plus physical exercise (PE) on pelvic floor and related structures. Forty-four healthy women were randomized into three groups: MI, AO, or sham observation (SO) group. The outcome measures included the pelvic floor muscles (PFM) condition (including basal tone and strength), lumbo-pelvic motor control, and pain sensitivity. All women performed six sessions at the rate of 3 s/week (for 2 weeks). An initial assessment was carried out (T0), another one 1-week after starting the study (T1), and a third one at the end (T2). Results showed significant PFM strength gains in MI and AO groups, but not in the SO group. Regarding lumbo-pelvic motor control, both MI and AO groups obtained statistically significant changes between pre- and post-intervention Additionally, only the AO group showed significant improvements already at 1-week of intervention. Finally, all groups showed improved pain sensitivity in the likely area of referred menstrual pain post-intervention, with only the MI group showing changes 1 week after starting the intervention. In conclusion, results showed that adding MI and AO to PE program leads to an improvement of sensorimotor function of PFM and related structures in general. Despite finding no statistically significant inter-group differences, some findings such as strength gains or the lumbo-pelvic motor control improvements were only found in MI and AO groups, and this should be considered clinically.
{"title":"Effects of motor imagery and action observation on pelvic floor and related structures in healthy women: A randomized controlled trial","authors":"Ferran Cuenca-Martínez , Alba Nieves-Gómez , Natalia Millán-Isasi , Laura Fuentes-Aparicio , Núria Sempere-Rubio","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2024.103313","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2024.103313","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The main aim was to assess the effects of motor imagery (MI) and action observation (AO) plus physical exercise (PE) on pelvic floor and related structures. Forty-four healthy women were randomized into three groups: MI, AO, or sham observation (SO) group. The outcome measures included the pelvic floor muscles (PFM) condition (including basal tone and strength), lumbo-pelvic motor control, and pain sensitivity. All women performed six sessions at the rate of 3 s/week (for 2 weeks). An initial assessment was carried out (T0), another one 1-week after starting the study (T1), and a third one at the end (T2). Results showed significant PFM strength gains in MI and AO groups, but not in the SO group. Regarding lumbo-pelvic motor control, both MI and AO groups obtained statistically significant changes between pre- and post-intervention Additionally, only the AO group showed significant improvements already at 1-week of intervention. Finally, all groups showed improved pain sensitivity in the likely area of referred menstrual pain post-intervention, with only the MI group showing changes 1 week after starting the intervention. In conclusion, results showed that adding MI and AO to PE program leads to an improvement of sensorimotor function of PFM and related structures in general. Despite finding no statistically significant inter-group differences, some findings such as strength gains or the lumbo-pelvic motor control improvements were only found in MI and AO groups, and this should be considered clinically.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 103313"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142759396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-25DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2024.103306
S. Harris, C.J. Rathbone, K. Wilmut
Previous research suggests that affective factors may influence perception of potential movement differently compared to perception during movement itself. To build on this the current study investigated the roles of general and movement-specific anxiety, self-efficacy, general resilience and motor control in how 41 adults with typical motor skills thought they would behave (perceptual judgement) and how they actually behaved (executed action). Participants completed several standardised scales and two movement-specific scales, a perceptual judgement task and an executed action task. In the perceptual judgement task participants judged whether they would need to turn their shoulders to walk through different sized apertures between 0.9 and 1.9 their shoulder width-to-aperture ratio. This involved a static (standing still) and a dynamic (walking towards) condition. The executed action task involved actually walking through the different sized gaps between the doors. Findings were discussed within an ecological framework drawing strongly on Newell's constraints-based approach (1986). Results indicated a relationship between higher movement-specific anxiety and bigger safety margins. This highlights the importance of measure specificity in being able to detect nuanced relationships between affective factors and the perception-action cycle. Notable differences were also shown in the point of behaviour change (critical ratio) between perceptual judgement and executed action, illustrating the importance of studying perception and action together since they can be subject to different constraints. The findings contribute novel insights into the roles of these factors in how adults with typical motor skills perceive and realise their intentions and abilities to act in the world.
{"title":"The role of anxiety and self-efficacy in movement","authors":"S. Harris, C.J. Rathbone, K. Wilmut","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2024.103306","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2024.103306","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Previous research suggests that affective factors may influence perception of potential movement differently compared to perception during movement itself. To build on this the current study investigated the roles of general and movement-specific anxiety, self-efficacy, general resilience and motor control in how 41 adults with typical motor skills thought they would behave (perceptual judgement) and how they actually behaved (executed action). Participants completed several standardised scales and two movement-specific scales, a perceptual judgement task and an executed action task. In the perceptual judgement task participants judged whether they would need to turn their shoulders to walk through different sized apertures between 0.9 and 1.9 their shoulder width-to-aperture ratio. This involved a static (standing still) and a dynamic (walking towards) condition. The executed action task involved actually walking through the different sized gaps between the doors. Findings were discussed within an ecological framework drawing strongly on Newell's constraints-based approach (1986). Results indicated a relationship between higher movement-specific anxiety and bigger safety margins. This highlights the importance of measure specificity in being able to detect nuanced relationships between affective factors and the perception-action cycle. Notable differences were also shown in the point of behaviour change (critical ratio) between perceptual judgement and executed action, illustrating the importance of studying perception and action together since they can be subject to different constraints. The findings contribute novel insights into the roles of these factors in how adults with typical motor skills perceive and realise their intentions and abilities to act in the world.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 103306"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142698822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-25DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2024.103302
Thomas Simpson , Richard Tyler , Victoria Simpson , Paul Ellison , Evelyn Carnegie , David Marchant
An external focus of attention, enhanced expectancies, and autonomy support (i.e., OPTIMAL factors) are key factors to optimise motor performance and uncover latent movement capabilities. However, research on the combination of OPTIMAL factors, particularly in children's dynamic movement settings is limited. Therefore, this study examined the combined effects of OPTIMAL factors on children's performance on a dynamic movement assessment battery, hypothesising higher performance scores in the optimised version of the assessment battery versus standardised version of the assessment. Forty-nine children (15 boys, 34 girls; mean age 10.61 ± 1.38 years) completed the Dragon Challenge (DC) dynamic movement assessment battery. Performance was measured via a summation of movement process (technique), outcome, and time-to-completion scores (max score N = 54) with higher scores representing better performance. Participants completed a standardised and an optimised version of the DC in a counterbalanced fashion. For the latter, DC protocols were optimised via the provision of choice (autonomy support); external focus instructions augmented by simple knowledge statement, positive feedback and promotion of a growth mindset (Enhanced expectancies). Results indicate that motor performance (DC score) was better in the optimised (M = 31.08 ± 6.66) vs. standardised (M = 29.04 ± 5.88). The findings indicate that the combination of OPTIMAL factors can improve children's motor performance in dynamic movement settings and that standardised motor assessment may not reveal children's true movement capabilities.
{"title":"Optimising children's movement assessment batteries through application of motivational and attentional manipulations","authors":"Thomas Simpson , Richard Tyler , Victoria Simpson , Paul Ellison , Evelyn Carnegie , David Marchant","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2024.103302","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2024.103302","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An external focus of attention, enhanced expectancies, and autonomy support (i.e., OPTIMAL factors) are key factors to optimise motor performance and uncover latent movement capabilities. However, research on the combination of OPTIMAL factors, particularly in children's dynamic movement settings is limited. Therefore, this study examined the combined effects of OPTIMAL factors on children's performance on a dynamic movement assessment battery, hypothesising higher performance scores in the optimised version of the assessment battery versus standardised version of the assessment. Forty-nine children (15 boys, 34 girls; mean age 10.61 ± 1.38 years) completed the Dragon Challenge (DC) dynamic movement assessment battery. Performance was measured via a summation of movement process (technique), outcome, and time-to-completion scores (max score <em>N</em> = 54) with higher scores representing better performance. Participants completed a standardised and an optimised version of the DC in a counterbalanced fashion. For the latter, DC protocols were optimised via the provision of choice (autonomy support); external focus instructions augmented by simple knowledge statement, positive feedback and promotion of a growth mindset (Enhanced expectancies). Results indicate that motor performance (DC score) was better in the optimised (M = 31.08 ± 6.66) vs. standardised (M = 29.04 ± 5.88). The findings indicate that the combination of OPTIMAL factors can improve children's motor performance in dynamic movement settings and that standardised motor assessment may not reveal children's true movement capabilities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 103302"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142698755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-23DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2024.103305
Ana Paula da Silva Azevedo , Bruno Mezêncio , Clara Nóbrega , Carlos Alberto Cardoso-Filho , Emidio Marques de Matos-Neto , Jaqueline Alves de Araújo , Lucieli Teresa Cambri , Alberto Carlos Amadio , Marília Cerqueira Leite Seelaender , Júlio Cerca Serrão
This study investigated the acute effects of barefoot (BF) running on biomechanical parameters and cytokine concentrations. Seventy-one habitually shod runners had biomechanical parameters evaluated during running shod (SH) and BF, while a sub-group of 19 runners had their inflammatory profile analyzed before and after a running session, using their habitual shoes or barefoot. Running BF changed spatiotemporal and joint kinematics, including the stride frequency (increased) and length (decreased), and foot strike pattern (more plantarflexed ankle at initial contact). An increased impact force was observed (p < 0.05), while joint moment, power, and work were also affected by BF running: a shift of joint load from the knee and hip to the ankle occurred (p < 0.05). In cytokine levels, maintenance (all cytokines, except Eotaxin, IL-12p40, IL-2, IL5, and MIP-1 beta) or reductions (IL-12p40, IL-2, and IL5) were observed as an acute response to BF running, what means to keep or reduce the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and immunological/chemoattraction proteins when compared to SH. Summarily, a single session of BF running may not represent enough stress to induce changes in the inflammatory profile. Besides the increased impact force, the joint load was reduced during short-term BF running. Nevertheless, short-term BF running should be cautiously applied due to the shift of joint load from the knee and hip to the ankle.
{"title":"“Acute responses to barefoot running are related to changes in kinematics, mechanical load, and inflammatory profile”","authors":"Ana Paula da Silva Azevedo , Bruno Mezêncio , Clara Nóbrega , Carlos Alberto Cardoso-Filho , Emidio Marques de Matos-Neto , Jaqueline Alves de Araújo , Lucieli Teresa Cambri , Alberto Carlos Amadio , Marília Cerqueira Leite Seelaender , Júlio Cerca Serrão","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2024.103305","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2024.103305","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the acute effects of barefoot (BF) running on biomechanical parameters and cytokine concentrations. Seventy-one habitually shod runners had biomechanical parameters evaluated during running shod (SH) and BF, while a sub-group of 19 runners had their inflammatory profile analyzed before and after a running session, using their habitual shoes or barefoot. Running BF changed spatiotemporal and joint kinematics, including the stride frequency (increased) and length (decreased), and foot strike pattern (more plantarflexed ankle at initial contact). An increased impact force was observed (<em>p</em> < 0.05), while joint moment, power, and work were also affected by BF running: a shift of joint load from the knee and hip to the ankle occurred (p < 0.05). In cytokine levels, maintenance (all cytokines, except Eotaxin, IL-12p40, IL-2, IL5, and MIP-1 beta) or reductions (IL-12p40, IL-2, and IL5) were observed as an acute response to BF running, what means to keep or reduce the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and immunological/chemoattraction proteins when compared to SH. Summarily, a single session of BF running may not represent enough stress to induce changes in the inflammatory profile. Besides the increased impact force, the joint load was reduced during short-term BF running. Nevertheless, short-term BF running should be cautiously applied due to the shift of joint load from the knee and hip to the ankle.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 103305"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142696084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-19DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2024.103304
Luan Ricardo Alves dos Santos , Anna Beatriz de Alencar Bezerra , Victória Alves de Brito , Lucas Martins Rodrigues , Carine Freitas e Silva , Tarcísio Fulgêncio Alves da Silva , Francis Trombini-Souza
{"title":"Talking on a mobile phone and doing math have a similar impact on walking in community-dwelling older adults?","authors":"Luan Ricardo Alves dos Santos , Anna Beatriz de Alencar Bezerra , Victória Alves de Brito , Lucas Martins Rodrigues , Carine Freitas e Silva , Tarcísio Fulgêncio Alves da Silva , Francis Trombini-Souza","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2024.103304","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2024.103304","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 103304"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142683786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-16DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2024.103303
Soroosh Sadeh , Keng-Hung Shen , Forouzan Foroughi , Mark W. Rogers , Hao-Yuan Hsiao
Falls are a significant health risk in older adults, and forward and backward falls each account for more than 40 % of falls. Dynamic stability, limb support, and impact energy absorption are crucial balance regulatory components and likely vary with the direction of imbalance. Understanding how perturbation direction influences these key components of balance stability regulation is crucial. This study investigated the balance stability, lower limb impact energy absorption, and limb support in forward and backward directions of balance perturbations in younger versus older adults.
Thirteen healthy old and thirteen healthy young adults participated in this study. Participants stood on two adjacent perturbation platforms in modified tandem stance. The leading or trailing limb support surface dropped 76.2 mm vertically at an unknown time to impose body shift. Two-way (direction X group) mixed ANOVA was performed to analyze the anterior margin of stability (MoS), trunk angular displacement, peak negative power at the hip, knee, and ankle, and the peak vertical ground reaction forces (VGRF).
Compared to forward perturbation, backward perturbation induced greater MoS (P < 0.01), peak VGRF (P < 0.01), and peak ankle (P < 0.05) and hip (P < 0.05) joint power. Older adults showed decreased MoS (P < 0.05), perturbed limb peak VGRF (P < 0.05), and ankle (P < 0.05) and knee (P < 0.05) joint peak power compared to younger adults.
Forward perturbations induced greater challenges for dynamic stability, possibly due to trunk motion characteristics, while backward perturbations posed challenges in limb support and impact energy absorption. In addition, age-related deficits in balance stability regulation were observed in both perturbation directions.
跌倒是老年人的一个重大健康风险，向前和向后跌倒各占跌倒的 40% 以上。动态稳定性、肢体支撑和冲击能量吸收是平衡调节的重要组成部分，并可能随着失衡方向的不同而变化。了解扰动方向如何影响平衡稳定性调节的这些关键组成部分至关重要。本研究调查了年轻人和老年人在平衡扰动的前进和后退方向上的平衡稳定性、下肢冲击能量吸收和肢体支撑力。13 名健康的老年人和 13 名健康的年轻人参加了这项研究。参与者站在两个相邻的扰动平台上，采用改良的串联站姿。前肢或后肢支撑面在未知时间垂直下降 76.2 毫米，以施加身体移动。采用双向（方向 X 组）混合方差分析来分析前方稳定幅度（MoS）、躯干角位移、髋关节、膝关节和踝关节的负功率峰值以及垂直地面反作用力峰值（VGRF）。与前向扰动相比，后向扰动引起的 MoS 更大（P
{"title":"Biomechanical responses following compelled forward versus backward body shift: How aging and perturbation direction alter balance recovery?","authors":"Soroosh Sadeh , Keng-Hung Shen , Forouzan Foroughi , Mark W. Rogers , Hao-Yuan Hsiao","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2024.103303","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2024.103303","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Falls are a significant health risk in older adults, and forward and backward falls each account for more than 40 % of falls. Dynamic stability, limb support, and impact energy absorption are crucial balance regulatory components and likely vary with the direction of imbalance. Understanding how perturbation direction influences these key components of balance stability regulation is crucial. This study investigated the balance stability, lower limb impact energy absorption, and limb support in forward and backward directions of balance perturbations in younger versus older adults.</div><div>Thirteen healthy old and thirteen healthy young adults participated in this study. Participants stood on two adjacent perturbation platforms in modified tandem stance. The leading or trailing limb support surface dropped 76.2 mm vertically at an unknown time to impose body shift. Two-way (direction X group) mixed ANOVA was performed to analyze the anterior margin of stability (MoS), trunk angular displacement, peak negative power at the hip, knee, and ankle, and the peak vertical ground reaction forces (VGRF).</div><div>Compared to forward perturbation, backward perturbation induced greater MoS (<em>P</em> < 0.01), peak VGRF (P < 0.01), and peak ankle (<em>P</em> < 0.05) and hip (P < 0.05) joint power. Older adults showed decreased MoS (P < 0.05), perturbed limb peak VGRF (P < 0.05), and ankle (P < 0.05) and knee (P < 0.05) joint peak power compared to younger adults.</div><div>Forward perturbations induced greater challenges for dynamic stability, possibly due to trunk motion characteristics, while backward perturbations posed challenges in limb support and impact energy absorption. In addition, age-related deficits in balance stability regulation were observed in both perturbation directions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 103303"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142645228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-04DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2024.103301
Mohammad Etoom , Ibrahem Hanafi , Alhadi M. Jahan , Auwal Abdullahi , Omar M. Elabd
Vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) is a main kinetic gait analysis explaining body weight loading patterns. The study primarily aimed to understand effects of Freezing of gait (FoG) on vGRF in Parkinson's disease (PD). A secondary analysis for a walking dataset including biomechanical analyses for 26 PD participants (13 with FoG) was performed. Considering the normal pattern of vGRF curve, peaks during early stance (F1) and late stance (F3), and slope in- during mid-stance (F2) were used to represent the change in kinetic forces. vGRF parameters were compared between FoG and non-FoG participants, and at off- and on-medication. FoG participants showed higher vGRFs during mid-stance F2 magnitude (p = 0.003), and weaker vertical propulsion; F3 magnitude (p < 0.001). This coincided with delayed weight acceptance; F1 timing (p = 0.019), and midstance peaks; F2 timing (p = 0.004). At off-medications, the F2 magnitude was significantly higher (p = 0.006), F3 magnitude lower (p = 0.001), and F1 time slower (p = 0.034) in FoG. At on-medication, F3 magnitude was still significantly lower (p = 0.017), and F2 time was slower (p = 0.037) in FoG. This study reveals that FoG significantly affects vGRF, particularly F3 magnitude during the push-off phase. Analyzing vGRF is crucial for understanding and managing FoG, allowing for more targeted interventions to improve FoG outcomes.
{"title":"Effects of freezing of gait on vertical ground reaction force in Parkinson's disease","authors":"Mohammad Etoom , Ibrahem Hanafi , Alhadi M. Jahan , Auwal Abdullahi , Omar M. Elabd","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2024.103301","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2024.103301","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) is a main kinetic gait analysis explaining body weight loading patterns. The study primarily aimed to understand effects of Freezing of gait (FoG) on vGRF in Parkinson's disease (PD). A secondary analysis for a walking dataset including biomechanical analyses for 26 PD participants (13 with FoG) was performed. Considering the normal pattern of vGRF curve, peaks during early stance (F1) and late stance (F3), and slope in- during mid-stance (F2) were used to represent the change in kinetic forces. vGRF parameters were compared between FoG and non-FoG participants, and at off- and on-medication. FoG participants showed higher vGRFs during mid-stance F2 magnitude (<em>p</em> = 0.003), and weaker vertical propulsion; F3 magnitude (<em>p</em> < 0.001). This coincided with delayed weight acceptance; F1 timing (<em>p</em> = 0.019), and midstance peaks; F2 timing (<em>p</em> = 0.004). At off-medications, the F2 magnitude was significantly higher (<em>p</em> = 0.006), F3 magnitude lower (<em>p</em> = 0.001), and F1 time slower (<em>p</em> = 0.034) in FoG. At on-medication, F3 magnitude was still significantly lower (<em>p</em> = 0.017), and F2 time was slower (<em>p</em> = 0.037) in FoG. This study reveals that FoG significantly affects vGRF, particularly F3 magnitude during the push-off phase. Analyzing vGRF is crucial for understanding and managing FoG, allowing for more targeted interventions to improve FoG outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 103301"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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