Human Movement Science最新文献_第4页

Modeling motor learning in juggling: A Bayesian approach 杂耍中的动作学习建模：贝叶斯方法。

IF 1.9 3区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Human Movement Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2025.103414

Mu Qiao

Purpose

We studied the catching accuracy during the skill acquisition of juggling using a probabilistic model, which was justified by the Bayesian brain hypothesis that the internal model constantly updates its parameters based on prior experiences and new practice. We wondered how practice can increase the probability of catching a ball (θ) in juggling by changing the shape of the posterior distribution of θ.

Methods

We recorded the juggling performance of 192 students over 17 days. Using the Bayesian approach, under a prior distribution of beta(θ|1,3), we calculated the posterior distribution of θ and its expectation (E[θ]) and variance (Var(θ)) on each day of practice.

Results

In a decelerated pattern, participants improved E[θ] from 0.43 to 0.86 and reduced Var(θ) from 0.029 to 0.001 over 17 days. Using the posterior distribution, we estimated the probability of different performance outcomes on each day of practice.

Conclusions

The probabilistic model suggests that during motor learning, participants shifted the weight from prior experience to current practice and updated θ in the posterior distribution. Instead of choosing θ close to its theoretically optimal value (i.e., maximum likelihood estimation) across days of practice, participants selected sub-optimal θ at the beginning and gradually improved θ to its optimal value during learning. Our model not only contributes to the theoretical understanding of skill acquisition from a probabilistic perspective but also could be applied to some other discrete motor skills requiring hand-eye coordination.

目的：利用概率模型研究杂耍技能习得过程中的接球准确性，并通过贝叶斯脑假设证明内部模型会根据先前的经验和新的练习不断更新其参数。我们想知道练习如何通过改变θ后验分布的形状来增加杂耍中接住球（θ）的概率。方法：对192名学生在17天内的杂耍表演进行记录。利用贝叶斯方法，在β (θ|1,3)的先验分布下，我们计算了每天训练时θ及其期望（E[θ]）和方差（Var(θ)）的后验分布。结果：在减速模式下，参与者在17天内将E[θ]从0.43提高到0.86，并将Var（θ）从0.029降低到0.001。使用后验分布，我们估计了每天练习中不同表现结果的概率。结论：概率模型表明，在运动学习过程中，参与者将权重从先前经验转移到当前实践，并更新了后验分布的θ。而不是选择θ接近其理论最优值（即最大似然估计）在练习的日子里，参与者在开始时选择次优θ，并在学习过程中逐步改进θ到其最优值。我们的模型不仅有助于从概率角度对技能习得的理论理解，而且可以应用于其他一些需要手眼协调的离散运动技能。

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引用次数: 0

Self-selected movement patterns during lateral locomotion with body weight support 在身体重量支持下进行横向运动时的自我选择运动模式。

IF 1.9 3区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Human Movement Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2025.103412

Kenji Masumoto , Matthew Heninger , Natalia Pravica , Katsiaryna Afanasyeva , Emma Foley , Alina Swafford , John A. Mercer

The purpose of this study was to investigate metabolic cost, muscle activity, and perceptual responses during lateral and forward locomotion at different BWS levels at individual's preferred speed. Twelve participants performed lateral and forward locomotion on a lower body positive pressure treadmill at 0 %BWS, 20 %BWS, and 50 %BWS conditions at mode-specific preferred speed. Oxygen uptake, muscle activity, stride frequency, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and feeling scale were measured during the tests. Oxygen uptake was influenced by the interaction of BWS and direction (P < 0.001). Muscle activity (rectus femoris, biceps femoris, tibialis anterior, and gastrocnemius), stride frequency, and RPE during locomotion at 50 %BWS were averages of 23.7 %, 6.8 %, and 0.8 rankings lower than that of locomotion at 20 %BWS, respectively, regardless of direction (P < 0.05). Feeling scale value during locomotion at 50 %BWS was significantly higher than that of locomotion at 20 %BWS, regardless of direction (P < 0.01). During lateral locomotion, rectus femoris muscle activity was an average of 27.2 % lower and stride frequency was an average of 23.7 % greater than that of forward locomotion, regardless of BWS (P < 0.01). Furthermore, preferred speed during lateral locomotion was an average of 49.9 % lower than that of forward locomotion, regardless of BWS (P < 0.001). However, muscle activity (biceps femoris, tibialis anterior, and gastrocnemius), RPE, and feeling scale were similar between directions, regardless of BWS (P > 0.05). Our observations suggest that individuals self-selected their locomotion speed and stride frequency and induced similar magnitude of muscle activity from the lower extremity and perceptual responses during lateral locomotion and forward locomotion, regardless of BWS.

本研究的目的是研究个体在不同的BWS水平和首选速度下横向和向前运动时的代谢消耗、肌肉活动和知觉反应。12名参与者分别在0% BWS、20% BWS和50% BWS条件下，以特定模式的首选速度在下体正压跑步机上进行横向和正向运动。在测试期间测量了摄氧量、肌肉活动、步频、感知运动等级（RPE）和感觉量表。摄氧量受BWS和方向的相互作用影响（p0.05）。我们的观察结果表明，个体自我选择他们的运动速度和跨步频率，并诱导来自下肢的肌肉活动和感知反应在横向运动和向前运动时相似的幅度，而不考虑BWS。

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引用次数: 0

Propulsive and braking mechanisms during acceleration and deceleration in human gait 人类步态加速和减速过程中的推进和制动机制。

IF 1.9 3区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Human Movement Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2025.103420

Naoto Hida, Tomoya Kokue, Kenichi Sugawara

Background

Understanding propulsive and braking mechanisms during gait acceleration and deceleration is essential for ensuring gait stability in daily life.

Research question

We aimed to clarify propulsive and braking mechanisms during accelerating and decelerating human gait by analyzing the ground reaction force (GRF) and center of mass external moment (COM M_ext).

Methods

We requested 30 healthy young adults to walk under four conditions (normal, maximum, accelerated, decelerated) while kinematic and kinetic data were recorded using a 3D motion capture system and force plates. GRF, COM M_ext, and spatiotemporal gait parameters were analyzed.

Results

Accelerated walking (AW) increased walking velocity and step length, while decelerated walking (DW) reduced them. AW had significantly reduced GRF posterior components in early stance phase, and higher GRF anterior and vertical components in the late stance, resulting in a reduced COM M_ext (larger anterior rotation momentum) in the late stance. DW showed significantly elevated GRF vertical and posterior components in the early stance, resulting in a higher COM M_ext (smaller anterior rotation momentum) in the early stance.

Significance

Acceleration was characterized by elevated propulsive and vertical GRF during the late stance to facilitate COM forward rotation. Deceleration was characterized by elevated braking and vertical GRF in the early stance to reduce the abrupt COM forward rotation. Our findings may help the development of effective programs aimed at improving acceleration and deceleration abilities during gait.

背景：了解步态加速和减速过程中的推进和制动机制对于确保日常生活中的步态稳定性至关重要。研究问题：通过对地面反作用力（GRF）和质心外力矩（COM next）的分析，阐明人体步态加速和减速过程中的推进和制动机理。方法：我们要求30名健康的年轻人在四种条件下（正常、最大、加速、减速）行走，并使用三维运动捕捉系统和力板记录运动学和动力学数据。分析了GRF、COM next和时空步态参数。结果：加速步行（AW）增加了步行速度和步长，而减速步行（DW）减少了步行速度和步长。在站立早期，AW显著降低了GRF后部分量，而在站立后期，AW显著提高了GRF前部和垂直分量，导致站立后期COM next（前旋动量较大）减少。DW显示早期站立时GRF垂直和后侧成分显著升高，导致早期站立时COM next较高（前旋动量较小）。意义：加速的特征是后期姿态时推进力和垂直GRF的升高，以促进COM向前旋转。减速的特点是提高制动和垂直GRF在早期的立场，以减少突然的COM向前旋转。我们的发现可能有助于制定有效的计划，旨在提高步态中的加速和减速能力。

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引用次数: 0

The effects of Alexander technique-based postural instructions on gait in healthy young adults 基于亚历山大技术的姿势指导对健康年轻人步态的影响。

IF 1.9 3区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Human Movement Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2025.103421

Derek J. Otterstetter, Kate A. Hamel, David I. Anderson

Alexander technique (AT) is a method of behavior modification that seeks to improve coordination by modifying habitual reactions to the stimuli that incite action. Previous studies have shown that a single session of AT-based postural instructions (Lighten Up) can improve axial stiffness, postural control during quiet stance, and step initiation in older adults with Parkinson's disease, as well as balance and postural control in healthy older and younger adults relative to instructions that encourage muscular effort or relaxation. In the present study, we investigated the effects of AT-based postural instructions on steady state gait in young adult participants with no prior experience with Alexander Technique. Forty-four participants (29 female, 15 male; 23.4 ± 4.2 years old) utilized three sets of instructions while walking: Lighten Up, Pull Up, and Relax and also completed a Control condition in which they walked normally without any additional instructions. We found minimal differences between Lighten Up, Pull Up, and the Control conditions, with a significantly smaller Coefficient of Variation in the Lighten Up and Pull Up conditions compared to the Control condition for Stride Velocity. We found the most notable differences in the Relax condition, where participants walked significantly slower, took significantly shorter Stride Lengths, and spent significantly more time in Double Support compared to the other three conditions. Participants also had significantly higher gait variability in the Relax condition compared to the Lighten Up, Pull Up and Control conditions. Instructions to Relax clearly compromised steady state gait.

亚历山大技术（AT）是一种行为矫正方法，旨在通过改变对刺激行为的习惯性反应来提高协调性。先前的研究表明，单次基于at的姿势指导（light Up）可以改善老年帕金森病患者的轴向刚度、安静站立时的姿势控制和迈步启动，以及与鼓励肌肉努力或放松的指导相比，健康老年人和年轻人的平衡和姿势控制。在本研究中，我们研究了基于at的姿势指导对没有Alexander技术经验的年轻成年参与者稳态步态的影响。44名参与者（29名女性，15名男性；23.4±4.2岁）在步行时使用了三组指导：放松，拉起和放松，并完成了一个控制条件，在没有任何额外指导的情况下正常行走。我们发现light Up， Pull Up和Control条件之间的差异很小，与Control条件相比，light Up和Pull Up条件的变异系数要小得多。我们发现最显著的差异是在放松条件下，与其他三个条件相比，参与者走得明显更慢，步幅明显更短，花在双支撑上的时间明显更多。与放松、拉起和控制条件相比，参与者在放松条件下的步态变异性也明显更高。放松说明明确损害了稳定状态的步态。

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引用次数: 0

Influence of wearing a head-mounted display on the movement execution of basic elements on the balance beam in women's artistic gymnastics 头戴式显示器对女子艺术体操平衡木基本动作执行的影响。

IF 1.9 3区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Human Movement Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2025.103417

Sebastian Merker , Stefan Pastel , Dan Bürger , Kerstin Witte

Virtual reality in artistic gymnastics has hardly been researched yet, but could have positive effects on learning movements, particularly on the balance beam, whose width and height demand significant effort. This study aimed to identify suitable gymnastics elements for the execution with a head-mounted display (HMD), considering potential performance impacts related to its size, weight, and limited field of view. Twelve basic elements covering the characteristics of the balance beam were performed by 36 competitive gymnasts (16.5 ± 6.6 years) on a low beam (10 cm) with and without the HTC VIVE Pro Eye HMD, which displayed the real environment through its cameras instead of a virtual one. A helmet with similar dimensions and weight to the HMD was used as a third condition to isolate vision effects. Licensed judges evaluated all trials for recognition and execution based on international scoring rules. Both analyses show that the performance was more impacted by restricted vision than by additional weight. Execution quality varied significantly between the condition with and without HMD for all movement characteristics, although the differences were smaller for jumps, holds/acrobatic non-flight elements and leaps than for elements with turns. Consistent with this, no significant differences in jumps and holds/acrobatic non-flight were found between the original and helmet conditions. In summary, elements without longitudinal axis rotations are well-suited for HMD execution, and results can be improved with better hardware and longer familiarization. Future studies should prioritize good optical resolution, a large field of view, and compact design over low weight when selecting HMDs.

虚拟现实技术在艺术体操中的应用研究还很少，但它可能对学习动作有积极的影响，特别是在平衡木上，它的宽度和高度都需要很大的努力。本研究旨在确定适合头戴式显示器（HMD）执行的体操元素，考虑其尺寸，重量和有限视野对性能的潜在影响。36名年龄（16.5±6.6岁）的竞技体操运动员在低梁（10厘米）上完成平衡木的12个基本动作，佩戴或不佩戴HTC VIVE Pro Eye HMD，该设备通过摄像头显示真实环境，而不是虚拟环境。与HMD尺寸和重量相似的头盔被用作隔离视觉效果的第三个条件。持牌裁判根据国际评分规则对所有试验的认可和执行情况进行评估。两项分析都表明，视力受限对视力的影响比体重增加对视力的影响更大。在有和没有HMD的条件下，执行质量在所有动作特征上都有显着差异，尽管跳跃、保持/杂技非飞行元素和跳跃的差异比有转身的元素要小。与此一致的是，在原始条件和头盔条件之间没有发现跳跃和保持/杂技非飞行的显著差异。总之，没有纵轴旋转的元素非常适合HMD执行，并且可以通过更好的硬件和更长的熟悉时间来改进结果。未来的研究在选择头显时应优先考虑良好的光学分辨率、大视场和紧凑的设计，而不是低重量。

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引用次数: 0

Time course of motor learning during human-in-the-loop optimization of a prosthetic foot 人在环优化假肢足运动学习的时间过程

IF 1.9 3区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Human Movement Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2025.103418

Thijs Tankink , Juha M. Hijmans , Raffaella Carloni , Han Houdijk

Introduction

People with a lower-limb amputation must undergo a process of co-adaptation with a prosthesis to achieve optimal walking performance. Human-in-the-loop optimization could identify optimal prosthetic settings, while also providing insight into the process of motor learning during prosthetic tuning. The aim of the study was to investigate the time course of motor learning of people with transtibial amputation during the human-in-the-loop optimization process of a prosthetic foot, in which the stiffness and alignment were optimized to minimize metabolic cost.

Methods

Ten people with a transtibial amputation underwent an optimization protocol while walking on an instrumented treadmill with an experimental prosthetic foot with tuneable stiffness and alignment. We aimed to minimize the metabolic cost of walking by optimizing the stiffness and alignment, using an evolutionary optimization algorithm consisting of 6 generations of 6 trials. To monitor motor learning throughout the optimization process, motor learning trials with initial standard settings were repeated after each generation. Occurrence of motor learning over time was assessed by comparing metabolic cost and walking biomechanics during motor learning trials.

Results

Metabolic cost during the motor learning trials decreased significantly (≥ 6.8 %) over time (p = 0.01). This reduction in metabolic cost was limited to the first four generations of the optimization process (i.e., 56 min).

Conclusion

Motor learning of people with a transtibial amputation plays a significant role during prosthetic tuning. Motor learning extended over at least 56 min in our human-in-the-loop optimization experiment. Co-adaptation of the user should therefore be taken into account during tuning of prosthetic devices.

下肢截肢者必须经历一个与假肢共同适应的过程，以达到最佳的行走性能。人在环优化可以识别最佳假肢设置，同时也为假肢调整过程中的运动学习过程提供洞察。本研究的目的是研究在人在环优化假肢足的过程中，经胫骨截肢者的运动学习的时间过程，该过程优化了假肢的刚度和对齐，以最小化代谢成本。方法10例经胫骨截肢患者使用可调节刚度和对齐度的实验性假足在仪器化跑步机上行走时进行优化方案。我们采用6代6次试验的进化优化算法，通过优化步行的刚度和对齐来最小化步行的代谢成本。为了监测整个优化过程中的运动学习，在每代之后重复初始标准设置的运动学习试验。通过比较运动学习试验中的代谢成本和步行生物力学来评估运动学习随时间的发生。结果运动学习试验期间代谢成本随时间显著降低（≥6.8%）（p = 0.01）。这种代谢成本的降低仅限于优化过程的前四代（即56分钟）。结论经胫骨截肢患者的运动学习在假肢调音过程中起着重要作用。在我们的人在循环优化实验中，运动学习至少延长了56分钟。因此，在调整假肢装置时应考虑到用户的共同适应。

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引用次数: 0

Phase resetting with temporal template explains complexity matching in finger tapping to fractal rhythms 用时间模板进行相位重置解释了手指敲击与分形节奏的复杂性匹配。

IF 1.9 3区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Human Movement Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2025.103423

Si Long Jenny Tou, Tom Chau

<div><div>Auditory-motor synchronization refers to the coupling of motor responses to rhythmic auditory stimuli. This study examined finger-tapping dynamics under three conditions: self-paced tapping, tapping to metronomic stimuli, and tapping to fractal auditory stimuli. Using Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA) to estimate Hurst exponents, <span><math><mi>H</mi></math></span>, and Diffusion Entropy Analysis (DEA) to estimate scaling exponents, <span><math><mi>d</mi></math></span>, in each condition, we found that self-paced tapping exhibited persistent or super-diffusive inter-tap intervals (<span><math><mrow><mi>H</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>63</mn><mspace></mspace><mo>±</mo><mspace></mspace><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>145</mn></mrow></math></span>, <span><math><mrow><mi>d</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>64</mn><mspace></mspace><mo>±</mo><mspace></mspace><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>097</mn></mrow></math></span>), while tapping to metronomic stimuli showed a trend toward random noise (<span><math><mrow><mi>H</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>55</mn><mspace></mspace><mo>±</mo><mspace></mspace><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>101</mn></mrow></math></span>, <span><math><mrow><mi>d</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>58</mn><mspace></mspace><mo>±</mo><mspace></mspace><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>126</mn></mrow></math></span>). Complexity matching, that is, systematic adjustment of intertap intervals to match persistence levels of fractal stimuli, was observed between the Hurst exponents of auditory stimuli (<span><math><mrow><mi>H</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>25</mn></mrow></math></span> to <span><math><mrow><mi>H</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>5</mn></mrow></math></span>) and complexity measures of tapping (<span><math><mrow><mi>H</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>54</mn></mrow></math></span> to <span><math><mrow><mi>H</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>81</mn></mrow></math></span>; <span><math><mrow><mi>d</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>51</mn></mrow></math></span> to <span><math><mrow><mi>d</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>72</mn></mrow></math></span>). A Gaussian linear mixed model confirmed significant associations between the Hurst exponents of auditory stimuli and <span><math><mi>H</mi></math></span> of the corresponding intertap interval time series. In contrast, the associations between the Hurst exponents of auditory stimuli and <span><math><mi>d</mi></math></span> of the corresponding intertap interval time series were mixed.</div><div>To understand these empirical observations, we utilized the neural hopping model to represent the intrinsic mechanism underlying self-paced tapping and incorporated the Van der Pol oscillator to account for auditory stimuli as a driving force. Metronomic stimuli were modeled as harmonic forcing, resulting in simulated tapping with <span><math><mrow><mi>H</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>50</mn><mspace></mspace><mo>±</mo><mspace></mspace><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>175</m

听觉-运动同步是指运动反应对节奏性听觉刺激的耦合。本研究考察了三种情况下的手指敲击动力学：自定节奏敲击、节拍刺激敲击和分形听觉刺激敲击。采用去趋势波动分析（DFA）估算Hurst指数H，采用扩散熵分析（DEA）估算缩放指数d，结果表明，在不同条件下，自定节奏的轻拍呈现出持续或超扩散的轻拍间隔（H=0.63±0.145,d=0.64±0.097），而节拍刺激下的轻拍呈现出随机噪声的趋势（H=0.55±0.101,d=0.58±0.126）。在听觉刺激的Hurst指数（H=0.25 ~ H=1.5）和敲击的复杂性测量（H=0.54 ~ H=0.81; d=0.51 ~ d=0.72）之间观察到复杂性匹配，即系统地调整敲击间隔以匹配分形刺激的持续水平。高斯线性混合模型证实了听觉刺激的Hurst指数与相应间隔时间序列的H之间存在显著的相关性。相比之下，听觉刺激的赫斯特指数与相应的间隔时间序列d之间的关联是混合的。为了理解这些经验观察结果，我们利用神经跳跃模型来代表自节奏敲击的内在机制，并结合Van der Pol振荡器来解释听觉刺激作为驱动力。将节拍刺激建模为谐波强迫，得到H=0.50±0.175或d=0.53±0.115的模拟敲击。通过相位重置实现对分形刺激的复杂度匹配。我们评估了相位复位的四种耦合变量，即有或没有连续谐波驱动，包括或不包括复位抖动。我们在六种分形条件下使用两阶段bootstrap进行了精度加权均方根误差（WRMSE）模型选择。Drive+Jitter变体最好地再现了H（点向WRMSE = 0.05；获胜概率= 0.79）和d（点向WRMSE = 0.09；获胜概率= 0.70）的经验缩放。Drive+Jitter相位复位模型模拟的轻敲持续值范围为H=0.57 ~ H=0.78或d=0.44 ~ d=0.85，与实验数据吻合较好。这些结果表明，分形听觉刺激可以引起与健康状态相当的分形运动输出，提示运动恢复和康复的潜在治疗益处。建模方法为理解不同敲击条件下的听觉-运动同步机制提供了一个框架。

引用次数: 0

Eliminating interlimb transfer asymmetry through exposure 通过暴露消除肢间转移不对称。

IF 1.9 3区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Human Movement Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2025.103427

Cong Yin , Yaoxu Wang , Jiasen Dong

This study investigated the asymmetry of interlimb transfer in motor skill learning and explored a method to eliminate it. Two experiments were conducted using a laser pistol shooting task. In Experiment 1, we examined whether interlimb transfer asymmetry occurs in pistol shooting. Right-handed participants trained with either their dominant or nondominant hand. Pre- and post-tests were conducted with both hands. Results showed that shooting performance transferred from the dominant to the nondominant hand immediately after training, but not in the reverse direction. Experiment 2 tested whether the training-plus-exposure (TPE) paradigm could eliminate this asymmetry. Three groups trained with their nondominant hand. Following training, two exposure groups engaged the dominant hand in either a mouse-tracking or keyboard-typing task, while a third group rested. Only the tracking exposure group exhibited complete transfer of shooting skill to the dominant hand. A control group that performed only the tracking task without prior training showed no performance gain. These findings suggest that interlimb transfer in shooting is asymmetric not because of unequal learning, but due to execution-level inhibition that prevents expression of acquired skill. Exposure to a task with similar control demands reactivates access to shared motor representations. This challenges existing models of interlimb transfer focused on learning or storage limitations and supports a new framework that dissociates acquisition from expression. The results also parallel findings from perceptual learning and may inform interventions in sports training and motor rehabilitation.

本研究探讨了运动技能学习中肢体间转移的不对称性，并探讨了消除这种不对称性的方法。利用激光手枪射击任务进行了两个实验。实验1考察手枪射击时是否存在肢间转移不对称。右撇子参与者用他们的惯用手或非惯用手进行训练。用双手进行前后测试。结果表明，射击表现在训练后立即从优势手转移到非优势手，而不是相反方向。实验2检验了训练+暴露（TPE）模式是否能够消除这种不对称性。三组用他们的非惯用手进行训练。训练结束后，两组参与者让惯用手参与鼠标追踪或键盘输入任务，而第三组参与者则休息。只有跟踪暴露组表现出射击技能完全转移到优势手。对照组在没有事先训练的情况下只执行跟踪任务，表现没有提高。这些发现表明，射击中的肢间转移是不对称的，不是由于不平等的学习，而是由于执行水平的抑制，阻止了习得技能的表达。暴露在具有类似控制需求的任务中会重新激活对共享运动表征的访问。这挑战了现有的专注于学习或存储限制的肢间转移模型，并支持了将习得与表达分离的新框架。这些结果也与知觉学习的发现相似，并可能为运动训练和运动康复的干预提供信息。

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引用次数: 0

Developmental relationships between motor skills and executive functioning in children with intellectual disabilities 智障儿童运动技能与执行功能的发展关系。

IF 1.9 3区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Human Movement Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2025.103424

Yaping Wang , Yanchun Liu , Jingjing Xiang , Jia Liu

Theoretical and empirical evidence suggests a link between motor skills and executive functioning, yet the nature of this relation remains relatively unexplored in children with intellectual disabilities. This study focuses on exploring the developmental relationships between motor skills and executive functioning in this population. We utilized a longitudinal approach to follow 101 children with intellectual disabilities, ranging in age from 7 to 17, across three measurement points with one-year intervals. At each measurement point, participants completed tasks evaluating gross motor skills, fine motor skills, and executive functioning. Random intercept cross-lagged panel modeling revealed distinctive motor–executive function relationship patterns. Specifically, fine motor skills and executive functioning reciprocally predicted each other between Time 1 and Time 2. Additionally, fine motor skills at Time 2 significantly predicted executive functioning at Time 3, whereas the reverse pattern was not observed. In contrast, no significant longitudinal relationship was found between gross motor skills and executive functioning. These findings suggest that interventions integrating fine motor skills and executive functioning could be essential for children with intellectual disabilities, providing an important avenue to support their skills development.

理论和经验证据表明，运动技能和执行功能之间存在联系，但这种关系的本质在智力残疾儿童中仍相对未被探索。本研究的重点是探索运动技能和执行功能之间的发展关系。我们采用纵向方法跟踪101名智力残疾儿童，年龄从7岁到17岁，跨越三个测量点，间隔一年。在每个测量点，参与者完成评估大运动技能、精细运动技能和执行功能的任务。随机截距交叉滞后面板模型揭示了独特的运动-执行功能关系模式。具体来说，精细运动技能和执行功能在时间1和时间2之间相互预测。此外，时间2的精细运动技能显著地预测了时间3的执行功能，而相反的模式没有被观察到。相反，在大肌肉运动技能和执行功能之间没有发现显著的纵向关系。这些发现表明，将精细运动技能和执行功能结合起来的干预措施对智力残疾儿童至关重要，为支持他们的技能发展提供了重要途径。

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引用次数: 0

One motion, different strategies: Intra-individual spinal movement variability during a repeated flexion task 一个动作，不同的策略：重复屈曲任务中个体脊柱运动变异性

IF 1.9 3区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Human Movement Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2025.103419

Cathrine H. Feier , Samantha Tsioros , Victoria M. Lippitt , Shawn M. Beaudette , Stephen H.M. Brown

Spinal movement variability is a normal feature of repetitive motions and has been hypothesized to differ between people with and without low back pain. However, normative values for intra-individual variability are currently lacking, making it difficult to judge when the variability becomes abnormal. This study used a combination of principal components analysis, single component reconstruction, and coefficient of variation to assess intra-individual variability of 3 blocks of 10 repeated spinal flexion movements in a group of 15 healthy individuals. Spinal flexion movements were assessed using motion capture cameras and a 19 × 3 matrix of retroreflective stickers on the spinous processes and bilateral paraspinal muscle bellies of S1-C7 spinal levels. All participants showed lower range of motion coefficients of variation in the lumbar spine (1.9–25.3 %) compared to the thoracic spine (7.9–30.1 %). To explain ≥80 % of the total variance within movements, 2–5 principal components were needed for each participant. Single component reconstruction revealed magnitude changes, waveform differences, and phase shifts as common sources of variability. These changes were usually observed when the coefficient of variation exceeded 10 % for that region of the spine. In conclusion, healthy individuals display varying levels of intra-individual spinal movement variability. The sources of variability can be interpreted using a combination of principal components analysis and single component reconstruction.

脊柱运动变异性是重复性运动的正常特征，并被认为是腰痛患者和非腰痛患者之间的差异。然而，目前缺乏个体内部变异的规范性值，这使得很难判断何时变异变得异常。本研究采用主成分分析、单成分重建和变异系数相结合的方法来评估15名健康个体中3组10次重复脊柱屈曲运动的个体内变异性。采用运动捕捉相机和19 × 3的S1-C7脊柱节段棘突和双侧棘旁肌腹部的反光贴纸矩阵来评估脊柱屈曲运动。与胸椎（7.9 - 30.1%）相比，所有参与者的腰椎运动系数变化范围（1.9 - 25.3%）都较低。为了解释≥80%的运动总方差，每个参与者需要2-5个主成分。单分量重建显示震级变化、波形差异和相移是变异性的常见来源。这些变化通常在该脊柱区域变异系数超过10%时观察到。总之，健康个体表现出不同程度的个体内部脊柱运动变异性。变异的来源可以用主成分分析和单成分重建相结合的方法来解释。

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