Pub Date : 2024-10-09DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2024.103293
Nobuteru Soda , Shin Takayama , Yohei Shimokochi
The study aimed to assess the validity and accuracy of estimating running jump (RJ) height using the high-speed camera of a smartphone and to evaluate the effectiveness of oral and visual feedback via a smartphone in enhancing RJ movements and height in skilled athletes. Twenty male college basketball players were randomly assigned to either the Oral Feedback (OF) or Oral and Visual Feedback (OVF) group. Initially, participants performed RJs on force plates while being recorded with an iPhone (240 fps). Jump heights were estimated using the video, force plate data, and position data from pelvic markers (JHiPhone, JHFP, and JHRM, respectively). Subsequently, each group received tailored feedback based on the RJ video. After feedback, participants performed RJs again, and jump heights were re-estimated. The JHiPhone measurements were systematically higher but showed acceptable random errors compared to JHRM, with excellent reproducibility and strong positive correlations with JHFP and JHRM. Only the OVF group showed significant improvements in jump height post-feedback. Our results indicate that JHiPhone is a valuable and accurate tool for sports settings. Additionally, the results demonstrated that visual feedback using a smartphone is effective and should complement oral feedback to enhance RJ jump height in real sports settings.
{"title":"Immediate effects of different feedback methods on running jump height and motion improvement in male college basketball players","authors":"Nobuteru Soda , Shin Takayama , Yohei Shimokochi","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2024.103293","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2024.103293","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study aimed to assess the validity and accuracy of estimating running jump (RJ) height using the high-speed camera of a smartphone and to evaluate the effectiveness of oral and visual feedback via a smartphone in enhancing RJ movements and height in skilled athletes. Twenty male college basketball players were randomly assigned to either the Oral Feedback (OF) or Oral and Visual Feedback (OVF) group. Initially, participants performed RJs on force plates while being recorded with an iPhone (240 fps). Jump heights were estimated using the video, force plate data, and position data from pelvic markers (JH<sub>iPhone</sub>, JH<sub>FP</sub>, and JH<sub>RM</sub>, respectively). Subsequently, each group received tailored feedback based on the RJ video. After feedback, participants performed RJs again, and jump heights were re-estimated. The JH<sub>iPhone</sub> measurements were systematically higher but showed acceptable random errors compared to JH<sub>RM</sub>, with excellent reproducibility and strong positive correlations with JH<sub>FP</sub> and JH<sub>RM</sub>. Only the OVF group showed significant improvements in jump height post-feedback. Our results indicate that JH<sub>iPhone</sub> is a valuable and accurate tool for sports settings. Additionally, the results demonstrated that visual feedback using a smartphone is effective and should complement oral feedback to enhance RJ jump height in real sports settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 103293"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142402053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gravity is a ubiquitous external force that must be considered when producing coordinated movements. Drop-landing is a popular task to study how humans cope with gravity, because anticipatory muscle activations can be released before the estimated ground contact. But the consequences of these anticipatory muscle activations have only been interpreted in terms of stiffening the lower-limbs in preparation for ground contact, without considering potential anticipatory kinematic consequences. The objective of this study is to quantify the kinematic consequences of anticipatory muscle activations in two different landing tasks, to clarify whether anticipatory muscle activations are adapted to cope with gravity, to the dynamic constraints of the movement to perform, or both.
Twenty young athletes performed drop-landing and drop-jumping from a 35 cm elevated platform. Sagittal angles and angular velocities of the hip, knee, and ankle joints, and acceleration of the foot were computed, as well as the onset of joint flexions and onset of foot vertical acceleration change.
We found the same pattern of anticipatory hip and knee flexion, both starting before ground contact in all participants and in both tasks. We found no anticipatory kinematics for the ankle joint. Consecutive to the hip and knee flexion, the foot accelerated upwards before ground contact.
Our results show that anticipatory muscle activations used by humans have systematic and invariant kinematic consequences during the air-time phase to cope with gravity: they initiate the hip and knee joints flexion before ground contact. This strategy likely limits the amount of ground reaction forces developed to oppose the gravity external force, and completes the stiffening role already described in the literature. These two complementary consequences —rotation and stiffening— seem to serve the same purpose of protecting the skeletal system. Since gravity is ubiquitous, these automated movements must be considered in other movements involving landing phases, such as heel strikes during gait.
{"title":"Evidence of invariant lower-limb kinematics in anticipation of ground contact during drop-landing and drop-jumping","authors":"Romain Bechet , Romain Tisserand , Laetitia Fradet , Floren Colloud","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2024.103297","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2024.103297","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gravity is a ubiquitous external force that must be considered when producing coordinated movements. Drop-landing is a popular task to study how humans cope with gravity, because anticipatory muscle activations can be released before the estimated ground contact. But the consequences of these anticipatory muscle activations have only been interpreted in terms of stiffening the lower-limbs in preparation for ground contact, without considering potential anticipatory kinematic consequences. The objective of this study is to quantify the kinematic consequences of anticipatory muscle activations in two different landing tasks, to clarify whether anticipatory muscle activations are adapted to cope with gravity, to the dynamic constraints of the movement to perform, or both.</div><div>Twenty young athletes performed drop-landing and drop-jumping from a 35 cm elevated platform. Sagittal angles and angular velocities of the hip, knee, and ankle joints, and acceleration of the foot were computed, as well as the onset of joint flexions and onset of foot vertical acceleration change.</div><div>We found the same pattern of anticipatory hip and knee flexion, both starting <em>before</em> ground contact in all participants and in both tasks. We found no anticipatory kinematics for the ankle joint. Consecutive to the hip and knee flexion, the foot accelerated upwards before ground contact.</div><div>Our results show that anticipatory muscle activations used by humans have systematic and invariant kinematic consequences during the air-time phase to cope with gravity: they initiate the hip and knee joints flexion <em>before</em> ground contact. This strategy likely limits the amount of ground reaction forces developed to oppose the gravity external force, and completes the stiffening role already described in the literature. These two complementary consequences —rotation and stiffening— seem to serve the same purpose of protecting the skeletal system. Since gravity is ubiquitous, these automated movements must be considered in other movements involving landing phases, such as heel strikes during gait.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 103297"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142395367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-08DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2024.103295
Eve Charbonneau , Mickaël Begon , Thomas Romeas
Vision has previously been correlated with performance in acrobatic sports, highlighting visuomotor expertise adaptations. However, we still poorly understand the visuomotor strategies athletes use while executing twisting somersaults, even though this knowledge might be helpful for skill development. Thus, the present study sought to identify the differences in gaze behavior between elite and sub-elite trampolinists during the execution of four acrobatics of increasing difficulty. Seventeen inertial measurement units and a wearable eye-tracker were used to record the body and gaze kinematics of 17 trampolinists (8 elites, 9 sub-elites). Six typical metrics were analyzed using a mixed analysis of variance (ANOVA) with the Expertise as inter-subject and the Acrobatics as intra-subject factors. To complement this analysis, advanced temporal eye-tracking metrics are reported, such as the dwell time on areas of interest, the scan path on the trampoline bed, the temporal evolution of the gaze orientation endpoint (SPGO), and the time spent executing specific neck and eye strategies. A significant main effect of Expertise was only evidenced in one of the typical metrics, where elite athletes exhibited a higher number of fixations compared to sub-elites (p = 0.033). Significant main effects of Acrobatics were observed on all metrics (p < 0.05), revealing that gaze strategies are task-dependent in trampolining. The recordings of eyes and neck movements performed in this study confirmed the use of “spotting” at the beginning and end of the acrobatics. They also revealed a unique sport-specific visual strategy that we termed as self-motion detection. This strategy consists of not moving the eyes during fast head rotations, a strategy mainly used by trampolinists during the twisting phase. This study proposes a detailed exploration of trampolinists' gaze behavior in highly realistic settings and a temporal description of the visuomotor strategies to enhance understanding of perception-action interactions during the execution of twisting somersaults.
{"title":"A temporal quantitative analysis of visuomotor behavior during four twisting somersaults in elite and sub-elite trampolinists","authors":"Eve Charbonneau , Mickaël Begon , Thomas Romeas","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2024.103295","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2024.103295","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vision has previously been correlated with performance in acrobatic sports, highlighting visuomotor expertise adaptations. However, we still poorly understand the visuomotor strategies athletes use while executing twisting somersaults, even though this knowledge might be helpful for skill development. Thus, the present study sought to identify the differences in gaze behavior between elite and sub-elite trampolinists during the execution of four acrobatics of increasing difficulty. Seventeen inertial measurement units and a wearable eye-tracker were used to record the body and gaze kinematics of 17 trampolinists (8 elites, 9 sub-elites). Six typical metrics were analyzed using a mixed analysis of variance (ANOVA) with the <em>Expertise</em> as inter-subject and the <em>Acrobatics</em> as intra-subject factors. To complement this analysis, advanced temporal eye-tracking metrics are reported, such as the dwell time on areas of interest, the scan path on the trampoline bed, the temporal evolution of the gaze orientation endpoint (SPGO), and the time spent executing specific neck and eye strategies. A significant main effect of Expertise was only evidenced in one of the typical metrics, where elite athletes exhibited a higher number of fixations compared to sub-elites (<em>p</em> = 0.033). Significant main effects of <em>Acrobatics</em> were observed on all metrics (<em>p</em> < 0.05), revealing that gaze strategies are task-dependent in trampolining. The recordings of eyes and neck movements performed in this study confirmed the use of <em>“spotting”</em> at the beginning and end of the acrobatics. They also revealed a unique sport-specific visual strategy that we termed as <em>self-motion detection</em>. This strategy consists of not moving the eyes during fast head rotations, a strategy mainly used by trampolinists during the twisting phase. This study proposes a detailed exploration of trampolinists' gaze behavior in highly realistic settings and a temporal description of the visuomotor strategies to enhance understanding of perception-action interactions during the execution of twisting somersaults.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 103295"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142395366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-05DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2024.103296
Mohammad Tollabi , Shahzad Tahmasebi Boroujeni , Elahe Arabameri , Mehdi Shahbazi , Keith R. Lohse
The purpose of this study was to investigate the optimal challenge point for learning motor skills in children with and without attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Ninety-six 9- to 10-year-old children, including 48 children with ADHD and 48 neurotypical children, were randomly assigned to one of four practice groups with varying levels of nominal and functional task difficulty. They performed 63 trials of a dart throwing task in the acquisition phase and 18 trials in the retention and transfer tests a day later. The results showed that neurotypical children outperformed children with ADHD in all phases of the study. Both groups improved in the acquisition phase and performed better in the retention and transfer tests. Interestingly, low nominal task difficulty was associated with better learning for both groups, despite lower average performance for children with ADHD. Thus, despite their performance differences, we did not find a difference in the effective challenge point between children with ADHD and their neurotypical peers.
{"title":"Determining the optimal challenge point for learning motor skills in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder","authors":"Mohammad Tollabi , Shahzad Tahmasebi Boroujeni , Elahe Arabameri , Mehdi Shahbazi , Keith R. Lohse","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2024.103296","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2024.103296","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The purpose of this study was to investigate the optimal challenge point for learning motor skills in children with and without attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Ninety-six 9- to 10-year-old children, including 48 children with ADHD and 48 neurotypical children, were randomly assigned to one of four practice groups with varying levels of nominal and functional task difficulty. They performed 63 trials of a dart throwing task in the acquisition phase and 18 trials in the retention and transfer tests a day later. The results showed that neurotypical children outperformed children with ADHD in all phases of the study. Both groups improved in the acquisition phase and performed better in the retention and transfer tests. Interestingly, low nominal task difficulty was associated with better learning for both groups, despite lower average performance for children with ADHD. Thus, despite their performance differences, we did not find a difference in the effective challenge point between children with ADHD and their neurotypical peers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 103296"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142382516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-20DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2024.103289
Jill E. Streamer , Robin M. Queen
Movement variability describes an individual's capacity to repeatedly perform motor skills and provides better understanding of coordination during a task. The purpose of this research was to assess the impact that task type and sex assigned at birth have on movement variability and load symmetry in healthy younger adults. It was hypothesized that the between trial variability of peak impact force and average loading rate would not differ between sexes or between tasks (level walking, stair ascent, stair descent, and sit-to-stand) and that load symmetry would not differ between the four tasks for an individual participant using a level of significance of α = 0.05. Peak impact force (PIF) and average loading rate (ALR) were measured during level walking, stair ascent and descent, and sit-to-stand using loadsol® sensors collecting at 200 Hz (Novel Electronics, Pittsburg, PA, USA). Coefficients of variation (CV) and the Absolute Symmetry Index (ASI) were used to assess symmetry and movement variability. Between the 39 female and 33 male young adults that participated in this study, significant differences (p < 0.001) were observed between groups for mass, height, and limb length. PIF did not show an interaction between sex and task (p = 0.627) or between sexes (p = 0.685) but did show between-task differences (p < 0.001). The PIF ASI also showed a difference between tasks (p < 0.001). Tukey's post hoc testing showed that the PIF ASI differences between the sit-to-stand task and the other tasks were clinically meaningful (d > 0.8). The ALR did not show an interaction between sex and task (p = 0.069) or between sexes (p = 0.624) but did show between-task differences (p < 0.001). Tukey's showed that the ALR was different between tasks and was clinically meaningful (d > 0.8) except between level walking and stair ascent (p = 0.546). The ALR ASI showed a different between tasks (p < 0.001). Tukey's showed that the ALR ASI differences between tasks were all clinically meaningful (d > 0.8) except between level walking and stair ascent (p = 0.220).These findings suggest that the movement variability for all loading metrics that existed between tasks could be due to difference in motor control and the width of the base of support needed to complete the various tasks. For example, the joint coordination to complete a sit-to-stand task is different than what is needed during walking, stair ascent and stair descent. Understanding variability observed between daily tasks helps identify movement patterns that could be potential risk factors for injury.
{"title":"Movement variability and limb loading symmetry during simulated daily functional tasks","authors":"Jill E. Streamer , Robin M. Queen","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2024.103289","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2024.103289","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Movement variability describes an individual's capacity to repeatedly perform motor skills and provides better understanding of coordination during a task. The purpose of this research was to assess the impact that task type and sex assigned at birth have on movement variability and load symmetry in healthy younger adults. It was hypothesized that the between trial variability of peak impact force and average loading rate would not differ between sexes or between tasks (level walking, stair ascent, stair descent, and sit-to-stand) and that load symmetry would not differ between the four tasks for an individual participant using a level of significance of α = 0.05. Peak impact force (PIF) and average loading rate (ALR) were measured during level walking, stair ascent and descent, and sit-to-stand using loadsol® sensors collecting at 200 Hz (Novel Electronics, Pittsburg, PA, USA). Coefficients of variation (CV) and the Absolute Symmetry Index (ASI) were used to assess symmetry and movement variability. Between the 39 female and 33 male young adults that participated in this study, significant differences (<em>p</em> < 0.001) were observed between groups for mass, height, and limb length. PIF did not show an interaction between sex and task (<em>p</em> = 0.627) or between sexes (<em>p</em> = 0.685) but did show between-task differences (<em>p</em> < 0.001). The PIF ASI also showed a difference between tasks (p < 0.001). Tukey's post hoc testing showed that the PIF ASI differences between the sit-to-stand task and the other tasks were clinically meaningful (<em>d</em> > 0.8). The ALR did not show an interaction between sex and task (<em>p</em> = 0.069) or between sexes (<em>p</em> = 0.624) but did show between-task differences (<em>p</em> < 0.001). Tukey's showed that the ALR was different between tasks and was clinically meaningful (<em>d</em> > 0.8) except between level walking and stair ascent (<em>p</em> = 0.546). The ALR ASI showed a different between tasks (<em>p</em> < 0.001). Tukey's showed that the ALR ASI differences between tasks were all clinically meaningful (<em>d</em> > 0.8) except between level walking and stair ascent (<em>p</em> = 0.220).These findings suggest that the movement variability for all loading metrics that existed between tasks could be due to difference in motor control and the width of the base of support needed to complete the various tasks. For example, the joint coordination to complete a sit-to-stand task is different than what is needed during walking, stair ascent and stair descent. Understanding variability observed between daily tasks helps identify movement patterns that could be potential risk factors for injury.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 103289"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142249235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-20DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2024.103291
Hideyuki Tashiro , Sota Hirosaki , Yui Sato , Hikaru Ihira , Megumi Toki , Naoki Kozuka
Objective
To characterize the interference of reactive stepping kinematics related to the increase or maintenance of the number of steps in response to a large perturbation during dual tasks among older adults.
Methods
This was a cross-sectional study that included 52 community-dwelling healthy older adults. Reactive stepping performance was analyzed after forward balance loss during a single task and a second cognitive task. The number of steps taken to recover balance and dual-task interference (DTI) for muscular onset latency, anteroposterior (AP) center of pressure (COP) displacement and velocity before step initiation, and step temporal and spatial variables were measured. The DTI of the variables was compared between the participants who increased versus those who maintained the number of steps taken during the dual task relative to the single task.
Results
Twenty-eight (53.8 %) participants increased their steps during dual tasks relative to a single task. In older adults, the AP COP peak velocity (P < 0.001) and step length (P < 0.001) were significantly worse during dual tasks than during a single task. However, this was not observed for older adults who did not increase their steps. The DTI for the AP COP peak velocity and step length were significantly larger for the older adults who increased their steps than those who did not (AP COP peak velocity; P = 0.044, step length; P = 0.003). Both groups showed a significant muscular onset delay during dual tasks than during a single task (P < 0.001), and no significant differences were found between the groups.
Conclusions
Our findings suggest that reactive stepping strategies in older adults after a large external perturbation during secondary cognitive tasks can be attributed to interference with COP control before step initiation and step length.
目的：描述老年人在完成双重任务时，反应性步法运动学对增加或保持步数的干扰，以应对较大的扰动。
{"title":"Dual-task interference of reactive stepping kinematics for balance recovery strategies in older adults","authors":"Hideyuki Tashiro , Sota Hirosaki , Yui Sato , Hikaru Ihira , Megumi Toki , Naoki Kozuka","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2024.103291","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2024.103291","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To characterize the interference of reactive stepping kinematics related to the increase or maintenance of the number of steps in response to a large perturbation during dual tasks among older adults.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This was a cross-sectional study that included 52 community-dwelling healthy older adults. Reactive stepping performance was analyzed after forward balance loss during a single task and a second cognitive task. The number of steps taken to recover balance and dual-task interference (DTI) for muscular onset latency, anteroposterior (AP) center of pressure (COP) displacement and velocity before step initiation, and step temporal and spatial variables were measured. The DTI of the variables was compared between the participants who increased versus those who maintained the number of steps taken during the dual task relative to the single task.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Twenty-eight (53.8 %) participants increased their steps during dual tasks relative to a single task. In older adults, the AP COP peak velocity (<em>P</em> < 0.001) and step length (<em>P</em> < 0.001) were significantly worse during dual tasks than during a single task. However, this was not observed for older adults who did not increase their steps. The DTI for the AP COP peak velocity and step length were significantly larger for the older adults who increased their steps than those who did not (AP COP peak velocity; <em>P</em> = 0.044, step length; <em>P</em> = 0.003). Both groups showed a significant muscular onset delay during dual tasks than during a single task (<em>P</em> < 0.001), and no significant differences were found between the groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings suggest that reactive stepping strategies in older adults after a large external perturbation during secondary cognitive tasks can be attributed to interference with COP control before step initiation and step length.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 103291"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142249234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-19DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2024.103292
Francesca Tinelli , Giulia Purpura , Giovanni Cioni , Maria Concetta Morrone , Marco Turi
Recognizing and understanding the actions of others through motion information are vital functions for social adaptation. Conditions like neurological disorders and motor impairments can impact sensitivity to biological motion, highlighting the intricate relationship between perceiving and executing movements. Our study centred on assessing the ability of children, encompassing both those with typical development and those diagnosed with cerebral palsy due to periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), to discriminate between depicted grasping of a small cylinder and a large cube. This discrimination task involved observing a point-light animation depicting an actor grasping the object, presented from either an allocentric perspective (observing others) or an egocentric viewpoint (observing oneself). Notably, children with PVL exhibited a pronounced and specific impairment in this task, irrespective of the viewpoint, as evidenced by thresholds increasing by nearly a factor of two. When comparing this impairment to difficulties in form or motion perception, we identified a robust correlation between egocentric biological motion and form sensitivity. However, there was no similar correlation between motion and biological motion sensitivity, suggesting a deficit in the visual system rather than the visuo-motor control system. These findings contribute to our understanding of the intricate interplay between motor and visual processing in individuals with congenital brain lesions, shedding light on the significant involvement of the visual system in cases of PVL.
{"title":"Impairment in understanding grasping movements in egocentric and allocentric perspectives in children with cerebral palsy due to periventricular leukomalacia","authors":"Francesca Tinelli , Giulia Purpura , Giovanni Cioni , Maria Concetta Morrone , Marco Turi","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2024.103292","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2024.103292","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recognizing and understanding the actions of others through motion information are vital functions for social adaptation. Conditions like neurological disorders and motor impairments can impact sensitivity to biological motion, highlighting the intricate relationship between perceiving and executing movements. Our study centred on assessing the ability of children, encompassing both those with typical development and those diagnosed with cerebral palsy due to periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), to discriminate between depicted grasping of a small cylinder and a large cube. This discrimination task involved observing a point-light animation depicting an actor grasping the object, presented from either an allocentric perspective (observing others) or an egocentric viewpoint (observing oneself). Notably, children with PVL exhibited a pronounced and specific impairment in this task, irrespective of the viewpoint, as evidenced by thresholds increasing by nearly a factor of two. When comparing this impairment to difficulties in form or motion perception, we identified a robust correlation between egocentric biological motion and form sensitivity. However, there was no similar correlation between motion and biological motion sensitivity, suggesting a deficit in the visual system rather than the visuo-motor control system. These findings contribute to our understanding of the intricate interplay between motor and visual processing in individuals with congenital brain lesions, shedding light on the significant involvement of the visual system in cases of PVL.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 103292"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167945724001179/pdfft?md5=386f86a8c00641e2bc853ce92c31aff4&pid=1-s2.0-S0167945724001179-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142249236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-18DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2024.103280
Tobias Alt , Igor Komnik , Laurence J. Ryan , Kenneth P. Clark
Sprinting at maximum velocity requires fast angular motion of the thigh and effective hamstring function for optimum performance and injury prevention. In this cross-sectional investigation of 21 male sprinters, we acquired thigh angular kinematics while sprinting at top speed (range: 8.96–10.17 m/s), and then measured eccentric hamstring strength capacities using an isokinetic dynamometer during the same test session. In agreement with the hypotheses, thigh angular motion rates and the associated eccentric hamstring strength capacities were both significantly correlated with top speed (r-values: ∼0.5; p < 0.05). Additionally, when the participants were sorted by top speed, there were significant differences between the faster group and the slower group. Notably, on average the faster group showed faster thigh motion (angular acceleration: 10.3 kdeg/s2, 11 % greater than slower group) and higher eccentric hamstring strength capacities (peak moment: 2.26 Nm/kg, 14 % greater than slower group). This investigation indicates that fast thigh angular motion and eccentric hamstring strength are both important for sprint performance.
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Pub Date : 2024-09-17DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2024.103290
Takashi Kojima , Masahiro Kokubu
Cycling requires the integration of gaze behaviors, body movements, and bicycle movements. However, whether these movements contribute to skilled cycling performance, such as cycling on straight and narrow paths are uncertain. The present study aimed to differentiate optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) from vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) that characterize the relationship between eye and head movements during cycling on straight and narrow path, and to identify gaze behaviors, body movements, and bicycle movements that contribute to cycling performance. Nineteen participants with no prior competitive experience cycled three times on a 12-cm wide path. The participants were asked to avoid deviating from the path as much as possible. The measured variables were gaze behavior in a sagittal plane, body movement, and bicycle movement. As a result, OKN was observed among 16 of the 19 participants. The cross-correlation between the eye and head did not show negative value, indicating the absence of VOR. These results suggest that the participants moved their eyes while keeping their heads stable during cycling on a straight and narrow path. In the results of the multiple regression analysis, the variables with small standard deviations (SD) of the steering angle and upward eye position were related to a lower deviation from the path. These results suggest that a small SD of the steering angle and directed gaze in the forward direction may contribute to skilled cycling.
{"title":"Role of gaze behaviors, body movements, and bicycle movements during cycling on a straight and narrow path","authors":"Takashi Kojima , Masahiro Kokubu","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2024.103290","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2024.103290","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cycling requires the integration of gaze behaviors, body movements, and bicycle movements. However, whether these movements contribute to skilled cycling performance, such as cycling on straight and narrow paths are uncertain. The present study aimed to differentiate optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) from vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) that characterize the relationship between eye and head movements during cycling on straight and narrow path, and to identify gaze behaviors, body movements, and bicycle movements that contribute to cycling performance. Nineteen participants with no prior competitive experience cycled three times on a 12-cm wide path. The participants were asked to avoid deviating from the path as much as possible. The measured variables were gaze behavior in a sagittal plane, body movement, and bicycle movement. As a result, OKN was observed among 16 of the 19 participants. The cross-correlation between the eye and head did not show negative value, indicating the absence of VOR. These results suggest that the participants moved their eyes while keeping their heads stable during cycling on a straight and narrow path. In the results of the multiple regression analysis, the variables with small standard deviations (SD) of the steering angle and upward eye position were related to a lower deviation from the path. These results suggest that a small SD of the steering angle and directed gaze in the forward direction may contribute to skilled cycling.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 103290"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142240153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-14DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2024.103288
Patricia C. Teran-Wodzinski , H. John Yack , J. Cole Kelly , Yangxin Huang , Yayi Zhao , Irene S. Davis
Background
Joint position sense (JPS) is crucial for maintaining posture, protecting joints, and carrying out daily activities such as walking. Studies show that exercises to strengthen muscles and improve proprioception can positively impact JPS during passive and less complex activities. Evidence suggests that motor training can effectively enhance sensory function, including JPS, due to the extensive connections between the motor cortex and somatosensory areas. Gait retraining using real-time feedback has improved outcomes among patients with musculoskeletal disorders. The effect of gait retraining on JPS has not been investigated. This study assessed the effects of gait retraining to reduce knee extension in joint position sense in individuals with knee hyperextension walking patterns.
Methods
Ten women with asymptomatic knee hyperextension (KH) >5° during overground walking participated in this study. Sagittal-plane kinematics were assessed using a three-dimensional (3D) motion analysis system. The JPS was assessed using the Knee Position Active Reproduction Test. The knee with the highest hyperextension was the focus of the gait retraining intervention, which consisted of six 1-h sessions using verbal instructions and visual kinematic feedback. Comparisons of peak knee extension during walking and knee JPS overall error (RMSE) were made using a paired t-test.
Results
Gait retraining intervention significantly reduced knee extension angle during walking (83.8 % change; p < 0.001; Cohen's d = −1.6) and improved knee JPS (62 % change; p = 0.023; Cohen's d = 0.8) post-training. In addition, the improvements in joint kinematics (36.7 % change; p = 0.005; Cohen's d = −1.2) and JPS (52.6 % change; p = 0.015; Cohen's d = 0.9) were observed in the untrained knee.
Significance
Gait retraining can improve joint position sense. This study addresses a gap in our understanding of how gait retraining can influence JPS. Our results corroborate that gait retraining is an evolving and promising strategy for improving gait outcomes, particularly in individuals with KH walking patterns.
背景关节位置感（JPS）对于保持姿势、保护关节和进行行走等日常活动至关重要。研究表明，在被动和不太复杂的活动中，加强肌肉力量和改善本体感觉的锻炼可对关节位置感产生积极影响。有证据表明，由于运动皮层和躯体感觉区域之间存在广泛的联系，运动训练可以有效增强包括 JPS 在内的感觉功能。使用实时反馈进行步态再训练可改善肌肉骨骼疾病患者的治疗效果。步态再训练对 JPS 的影响尚未得到研究。本研究评估了步态再训练对减少膝关节过伸行走模式患者的膝关节伸展对关节位置感的影响。使用三维（3D）运动分析系统对矢状面运动学进行评估。膝关节位置主动再现测试（Knee Position Active Reproduction Test）对JPS进行了评估。膝关节过伸幅度最大的部位是步态再训练干预的重点，该干预包括六次为期 1 小时的训练，采用口头指导和视觉运动学反馈。结果步态再训练干预显著减少了行走时的膝关节伸展角度（变化率为83.8%；p = 0.001；Cohen's d =-1.6），并改善了训练后的膝关节JPS（变化率为62%；p = 0.023；Cohen's d = 0.8）。此外，在未经训练的膝关节中也观察到了关节运动学的改善（36.7% 的变化；p = 0.005；Cohen's d =-1.2）和 JPS 的改善（52.6% 的变化；p = 0.015；Cohen's d = 0.9）。本研究填补了我们对步态再训练如何影响关节位置感的认识空白。我们的研究结果证实，步态再训练是一种不断发展且前景广阔的改善步态结果的策略，尤其适用于具有 KH 步行模式的个体。
{"title":"Effects of gait retraining in knee joint position sense","authors":"Patricia C. Teran-Wodzinski , H. John Yack , J. Cole Kelly , Yangxin Huang , Yayi Zhao , Irene S. Davis","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2024.103288","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2024.103288","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Joint position sense (JPS) is crucial for maintaining posture, protecting joints, and carrying out daily activities such as walking. Studies show that exercises to strengthen muscles and improve proprioception can positively impact JPS during passive and less complex activities. Evidence suggests that motor training can effectively enhance sensory function, including JPS, due to the extensive connections between the motor cortex and somatosensory areas. Gait retraining using real-time feedback has improved outcomes among patients with musculoskeletal disorders. The effect of gait retraining on JPS has not been investigated. This study assessed the effects of gait retraining to reduce knee extension in joint position sense in individuals with knee hyperextension walking patterns.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Ten women with asymptomatic knee hyperextension (KH) >5° during overground walking participated in this study. Sagittal-plane kinematics were assessed using a three-dimensional (3D) motion analysis system. The JPS was assessed using the Knee Position Active Reproduction Test. The knee with the highest hyperextension was the focus of the gait retraining intervention, which consisted of six 1-h sessions using verbal instructions and visual kinematic feedback. Comparisons of peak knee extension during walking and knee JPS overall error (RMSE) were made using a paired <em>t</em>-test.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Gait retraining intervention significantly reduced knee extension angle during walking (83.8 % change; <em>p</em> < 0.001; Cohen's d = −1.6) and improved knee JPS (62 % change; <em>p</em> = 0.023; Cohen's d = 0.8) post-training. In addition, the improvements in joint kinematics (36.7 % change; <em>p</em> = 0.005; Cohen's d = −1.2) and JPS (52.6 % change; <em>p</em> = 0.015; Cohen's d = 0.9) were observed in the untrained knee.</p></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><p>Gait retraining can improve joint position sense. This study addresses a gap in our understanding of how gait retraining can influence JPS. Our results corroborate that gait retraining is an evolving and promising strategy for improving gait outcomes, particularly in individuals with KH walking patterns.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 103288"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142232419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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