Human Movement Science最新文献_第4页

Time course of motor learning during human-in-the-loop optimization of a prosthetic foot 人在环优化假肢足运动学习的时间过程

IF 1.9 3区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Human Movement Science

Pub Date : 2025-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2025.103418

Thijs Tankink , Juha M. Hijmans , Raffaella Carloni , Han Houdijk

Introduction

People with a lower-limb amputation must undergo a process of co-adaptation with a prosthesis to achieve optimal walking performance. Human-in-the-loop optimization could identify optimal prosthetic settings, while also providing insight into the process of motor learning during prosthetic tuning. The aim of the study was to investigate the time course of motor learning of people with transtibial amputation during the human-in-the-loop optimization process of a prosthetic foot, in which the stiffness and alignment were optimized to minimize metabolic cost.

Methods

Ten people with a transtibial amputation underwent an optimization protocol while walking on an instrumented treadmill with an experimental prosthetic foot with tuneable stiffness and alignment. We aimed to minimize the metabolic cost of walking by optimizing the stiffness and alignment, using an evolutionary optimization algorithm consisting of 6 generations of 6 trials. To monitor motor learning throughout the optimization process, motor learning trials with initial standard settings were repeated after each generation. Occurrence of motor learning over time was assessed by comparing metabolic cost and walking biomechanics during motor learning trials.

Results

Metabolic cost during the motor learning trials decreased significantly (≥ 6.8 %) over time (p = 0.01). This reduction in metabolic cost was limited to the first four generations of the optimization process (i.e., 56 min).

Conclusion

Motor learning of people with a transtibial amputation plays a significant role during prosthetic tuning. Motor learning extended over at least 56 min in our human-in-the-loop optimization experiment. Co-adaptation of the user should therefore be taken into account during tuning of prosthetic devices.

下肢截肢者必须经历一个与假肢共同适应的过程，以达到最佳的行走性能。人在环优化可以识别最佳假肢设置，同时也为假肢调整过程中的运动学习过程提供洞察。本研究的目的是研究在人在环优化假肢足的过程中，经胫骨截肢者的运动学习的时间过程，该过程优化了假肢的刚度和对齐，以最小化代谢成本。方法10例经胫骨截肢患者使用可调节刚度和对齐度的实验性假足在仪器化跑步机上行走时进行优化方案。我们采用6代6次试验的进化优化算法，通过优化步行的刚度和对齐来最小化步行的代谢成本。为了监测整个优化过程中的运动学习，在每代之后重复初始标准设置的运动学习试验。通过比较运动学习试验中的代谢成本和步行生物力学来评估运动学习随时间的发生。结果运动学习试验期间代谢成本随时间显著降低（≥6.8%）（p = 0.01）。这种代谢成本的降低仅限于优化过程的前四代（即56分钟）。结论经胫骨截肢患者的运动学习在假肢调音过程中起着重要作用。在我们的人在循环优化实验中，运动学习至少延长了56分钟。因此，在调整假肢装置时应考虑到用户的共同适应。

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引用次数: 0

Modeling motor learning in juggling: A Bayesian approach 杂耍中的动作学习建模：贝叶斯方法。

IF 1.9 3区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Human Movement Science

Pub Date : 2025-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2025.103414

Mu Qiao

Purpose

We studied the catching accuracy during the skill acquisition of juggling using a probabilistic model, which was justified by the Bayesian brain hypothesis that the internal model constantly updates its parameters based on prior experiences and new practice. We wondered how practice can increase the probability of catching a ball (θ) in juggling by changing the shape of the posterior distribution of θ.

Methods

We recorded the juggling performance of 192 students over 17 days. Using the Bayesian approach, under a prior distribution of beta(θ|1,3), we calculated the posterior distribution of θ and its expectation (E[θ]) and variance (Var(θ)) on each day of practice.

Results

In a decelerated pattern, participants improved E[θ] from 0.43 to 0.86 and reduced Var(θ) from 0.029 to 0.001 over 17 days. Using the posterior distribution, we estimated the probability of different performance outcomes on each day of practice.

Conclusions

The probabilistic model suggests that during motor learning, participants shifted the weight from prior experience to current practice and updated θ in the posterior distribution. Instead of choosing θ close to its theoretically optimal value (i.e., maximum likelihood estimation) across days of practice, participants selected sub-optimal θ at the beginning and gradually improved θ to its optimal value during learning. Our model not only contributes to the theoretical understanding of skill acquisition from a probabilistic perspective but also could be applied to some other discrete motor skills requiring hand-eye coordination.

目的：利用概率模型研究杂耍技能习得过程中的接球准确性，并通过贝叶斯脑假设证明内部模型会根据先前的经验和新的练习不断更新其参数。我们想知道练习如何通过改变θ后验分布的形状来增加杂耍中接住球（θ）的概率。方法：对192名学生在17天内的杂耍表演进行记录。利用贝叶斯方法，在β (θ|1,3)的先验分布下，我们计算了每天训练时θ及其期望（E[θ]）和方差（Var(θ)）的后验分布。结果：在减速模式下，参与者在17天内将E[θ]从0.43提高到0.86，并将Var（θ）从0.029降低到0.001。使用后验分布，我们估计了每天练习中不同表现结果的概率。结论：概率模型表明，在运动学习过程中，参与者将权重从先前经验转移到当前实践，并更新了后验分布的θ。而不是选择θ接近其理论最优值（即最大似然估计）在练习的日子里，参与者在开始时选择次优θ，并在学习过程中逐步改进θ到其最优值。我们的模型不仅有助于从概率角度对技能习得的理论理解，而且可以应用于其他一些需要手眼协调的离散运动技能。

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引用次数: 0

Influence of wearing a head-mounted display on the movement execution of basic elements on the balance beam in women's artistic gymnastics 头戴式显示器对女子艺术体操平衡木基本动作执行的影响。

IF 1.9 3区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Human Movement Science

Pub Date : 2025-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2025.103417

Sebastian Merker , Stefan Pastel , Dan Bürger , Kerstin Witte

Virtual reality in artistic gymnastics has hardly been researched yet, but could have positive effects on learning movements, particularly on the balance beam, whose width and height demand significant effort. This study aimed to identify suitable gymnastics elements for the execution with a head-mounted display (HMD), considering potential performance impacts related to its size, weight, and limited field of view. Twelve basic elements covering the characteristics of the balance beam were performed by 36 competitive gymnasts (16.5 ± 6.6 years) on a low beam (10 cm) with and without the HTC VIVE Pro Eye HMD, which displayed the real environment through its cameras instead of a virtual one. A helmet with similar dimensions and weight to the HMD was used as a third condition to isolate vision effects. Licensed judges evaluated all trials for recognition and execution based on international scoring rules. Both analyses show that the performance was more impacted by restricted vision than by additional weight. Execution quality varied significantly between the condition with and without HMD for all movement characteristics, although the differences were smaller for jumps, holds/acrobatic non-flight elements and leaps than for elements with turns. Consistent with this, no significant differences in jumps and holds/acrobatic non-flight were found between the original and helmet conditions. In summary, elements without longitudinal axis rotations are well-suited for HMD execution, and results can be improved with better hardware and longer familiarization. Future studies should prioritize good optical resolution, a large field of view, and compact design over low weight when selecting HMDs.

虚拟现实技术在艺术体操中的应用研究还很少，但它可能对学习动作有积极的影响，特别是在平衡木上，它的宽度和高度都需要很大的努力。本研究旨在确定适合头戴式显示器（HMD）执行的体操元素，考虑其尺寸，重量和有限视野对性能的潜在影响。36名年龄（16.5±6.6岁）的竞技体操运动员在低梁（10厘米）上完成平衡木的12个基本动作，佩戴或不佩戴HTC VIVE Pro Eye HMD，该设备通过摄像头显示真实环境，而不是虚拟环境。与HMD尺寸和重量相似的头盔被用作隔离视觉效果的第三个条件。持牌裁判根据国际评分规则对所有试验的认可和执行情况进行评估。两项分析都表明，视力受限对视力的影响比体重增加对视力的影响更大。在有和没有HMD的条件下，执行质量在所有动作特征上都有显着差异，尽管跳跃、保持/杂技非飞行元素和跳跃的差异比有转身的元素要小。与此一致的是，在原始条件和头盔条件之间没有发现跳跃和保持/杂技非飞行的显著差异。总之，没有纵轴旋转的元素非常适合HMD执行，并且可以通过更好的硬件和更长的熟悉时间来改进结果。未来的研究在选择头显时应优先考虑良好的光学分辨率、大视场和紧凑的设计，而不是低重量。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of perturbation-based balance training distribution on stability and fall risk in faller older adults: A randomized single-blind clinical trial 基于微扰的平衡训练分布对老年人稳定性和跌倒风险的影响：一项随机单盲临床试验

IF 1.9 3区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Human Movement Science

Pub Date : 2025-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2025.103415

Júlia O. Faria , Maria E.C. Favretto , Isadora S. Bezerra , Thiago F. Santos , Tenysson W. Lemos , Marina M. Villalba , Eduardo B. Junqueira , Paulo R.P. Santiago , Renato Moraes

Falls are the leading cause of injury among older adults, often occurring during walking. Effective training programs are essential for reducing falls, and the distribution of practice may influence motor skill learning. This randomized clinical trial investigated the effects of different perturbation-based balance training (PBT) session distributions on postural stability and fall risk in older adults with a history of falls. Thirty participants were randomly allocated to either a massed practice group (2 sessions/day; n = 15) or a distributed practice group (1 session/day; n = 15). Both groups underwent four PBT sessions involving acceleration and deceleration perturbations, followed by a retention test one week later. We assessed the margin of stability (MoS), the number of falls during sessions, and dynamic balance using the Mini-BESTest before and after training. Assessments were performed by evaluators blinded to group allocation. Groups did not differ in any of the variables investigated. Significant improvements were observed in MoS during the deceleration perturbation sessions (p < 0.05), with an increase between sessions 1 and 4, and between session 1 and the retention test (p < 0.05). The number of falls was reduced over the sessions (p < 0.001), and there was an improvement in dynamic balance in the Mini-BESTest after PBT, particularly in reactive control and gait dynamics (p < 0.001). The distribution of PBT sessions, whether massed or distributed, did not affect fall-related outcomes in fall-prone older adults. These findings support the use of flexible PBT schedules for fall prevention. This trial was registered in the Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry (RBR-9dhx6kj; UTN: U1111–1276-4396).

跌倒是老年人受伤的主要原因，经常发生在走路时。有效的训练计划对于减少跌倒是必不可少的，练习的分布可能会影响运动技能的学习。这项随机临床试验调查了不同基于扰动的平衡训练（PBT）时段分布对有跌倒史的老年人姿势稳定性和跌倒风险的影响。30名参与者被随机分配到集中练习组（2次/天，n = 15）和分散练习组（1次/天，n = 15）。两组都进行了四次PBT测试，包括加速和减速扰动，一周后进行记忆力测试。我们在训练前后使用mini - best评估了稳定度（MoS）、训练期间跌倒次数和动态平衡。评估由对分组分配不知情的评估者进行。各组在调查的任何变量上都没有差异。在减速扰动过程中观察到显著的改善（p < 0.05），在第1和第4阶段之间以及在第1阶段和保持测试之间观察到显著的改善（p < 0.05）。在治疗过程中跌倒次数减少（p < 0.001）， PBT后mini - best患者的动态平衡有所改善，特别是在反应性控制和步态动力学方面（p < 0.001）。在容易跌倒的老年人中，PBT的分布，无论是集中的还是分散的，对跌倒相关的结果没有影响。这些发现支持使用灵活的PBT时间表来预防跌倒。该试验已在巴西临床试验登记处注册（RBR-9dhx6kj; UTN: U1111-1276-4396）。

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引用次数: 0

Focus on the process or outcome? It depends on the task goal 关注过程还是结果？这取决于任务目标。

IF 1.9 3区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Human Movement Science

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2025.103416

Kevin A. Becker , Nicholas A. Levine , Christopher A. Aiken

An abundance of research supports an external focus enhancing motor performance relative to an internal focus. However, this blanket recommendation loses some nuance of what types of external cues might be most effective. Some studies have compared a proximal and distal external focus, but this comparison is often confounded by differences in both spatial and temporal distance. In the present study, we aimed to determine how internal and external focus cues that direct attention to either the process or outcome of the movement (i.e., differing in temporal distance, but not spatial distance) impacted hex bar deadlift performance. Twenty-four participants (16 females) experienced in strength training performed hex bar deadlifts with 60 % of their self-reported 1RM. Familiarization trials were followed by conditions using an internal-process (IP), internal-outcome (IO), external-process (EP), and external-outcome (EO) focus presented in a counterbalanced order. Peak velocity, average velocity, and vertical bar displacement were subjected to repeated measures ANOVAs to test for differences due to focus. Peak velocity was impacted by focus with an EP leading to higher values than IO and IP. For average velocity EP had higher values than IO, and approached higher values than IP. For vertical bar displacement, EO led to greater displacement than IO and IP, but did not differ from EP. The present findings suggest EP was most effective for enhancing velocity (primary goal), but EO maximized displacement. These differing findings suggest that the best external focus cues are those which most closely align with important task goals.

大量的研究支持外部焦点相对于内部焦点增强运动表现。然而，这种笼统的建议忽略了哪些类型的外部线索可能是最有效的。一些研究比较了近端和远端外焦，但这种比较经常被空间和时间距离的差异所混淆。在本研究中，我们的目的是确定内部和外部焦点线索如何将注意力引导到运动的过程或结果（即，不同的时间距离，但不是空间距离）影响内六角杆硬举的表现。24名有力量训练经验的参与者（16名女性）进行了六杠硬举，其中60%的人自我报告的1RM。在熟悉性试验之后，以平衡顺序呈现内部过程（IP）、内部结果（IO）、外部过程（EP）和外部结果（EO）焦点。峰值速度、平均速度和竖杆位移采用重复测量方差分析（anova）来检验因聚焦而产生的差异。峰值速度受到焦点的影响，EP导致的值高于IO和IP。平均流速EP值高于IO值，且接近于IP值。对于竖杆位移，EO导致的位移大于IO和IP，但与EP没有差异。目前的研究结果表明，EP在提高速度（主要目标）方面最有效，而EO在最大位移方面最有效。这些不同的发现表明，最好的外部注意力线索是那些与重要任务目标最密切相关的线索。

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引用次数: 0

Self-selected movement patterns during lateral locomotion with body weight support 在身体重量支持下进行横向运动时的自我选择运动模式。

IF 1.9 3区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Human Movement Science

Pub Date : 2025-09-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2025.103412

Kenji Masumoto , Matthew Heninger , Natalia Pravica , Katsiaryna Afanasyeva , Emma Foley , Alina Swafford , John A. Mercer

The purpose of this study was to investigate metabolic cost, muscle activity, and perceptual responses during lateral and forward locomotion at different BWS levels at individual's preferred speed. Twelve participants performed lateral and forward locomotion on a lower body positive pressure treadmill at 0 %BWS, 20 %BWS, and 50 %BWS conditions at mode-specific preferred speed. Oxygen uptake, muscle activity, stride frequency, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and feeling scale were measured during the tests. Oxygen uptake was influenced by the interaction of BWS and direction (P < 0.001). Muscle activity (rectus femoris, biceps femoris, tibialis anterior, and gastrocnemius), stride frequency, and RPE during locomotion at 50 %BWS were averages of 23.7 %, 6.8 %, and 0.8 rankings lower than that of locomotion at 20 %BWS, respectively, regardless of direction (P < 0.05). Feeling scale value during locomotion at 50 %BWS was significantly higher than that of locomotion at 20 %BWS, regardless of direction (P < 0.01). During lateral locomotion, rectus femoris muscle activity was an average of 27.2 % lower and stride frequency was an average of 23.7 % greater than that of forward locomotion, regardless of BWS (P < 0.01). Furthermore, preferred speed during lateral locomotion was an average of 49.9 % lower than that of forward locomotion, regardless of BWS (P < 0.001). However, muscle activity (biceps femoris, tibialis anterior, and gastrocnemius), RPE, and feeling scale were similar between directions, regardless of BWS (P > 0.05). Our observations suggest that individuals self-selected their locomotion speed and stride frequency and induced similar magnitude of muscle activity from the lower extremity and perceptual responses during lateral locomotion and forward locomotion, regardless of BWS.

本研究的目的是研究个体在不同的BWS水平和首选速度下横向和向前运动时的代谢消耗、肌肉活动和知觉反应。12名参与者分别在0% BWS、20% BWS和50% BWS条件下，以特定模式的首选速度在下体正压跑步机上进行横向和正向运动。在测试期间测量了摄氧量、肌肉活动、步频、感知运动等级（RPE）和感觉量表。摄氧量受BWS和方向的相互作用影响（p0.05）。我们的观察结果表明，个体自我选择他们的运动速度和跨步频率，并诱导来自下肢的肌肉活动和感知反应在横向运动和向前运动时相似的幅度，而不考虑BWS。

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引用次数: 0

The effects of strategic self-talk with consideration of attentional focus on discrete motor task performance 考虑注意焦点的策略自言自语对离散运动任务绩效的影响

IF 1.9 3区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Human Movement Science

Pub Date : 2025-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2025.103413

Jack J. Sampson , Phillip G. Post , Christopher A. Aiken

The self-talk matching hypothesis predicts that instructional self-talk is more effective for tasks involving precision and accuracy, and that motivational self-talk is more effective for tasks involving endurance, strength, and power (Theodorakis et al., 2000). Around 60 % of self-talk interventions support these differential effects predictions (Hardy et al., 2018). Attentional focus research may strengthen the matching hypothesis, where an external focus has been shown to improve performance and facilitate learning for a variety of motor tasks (Chua et al., 2021). It has been postulated that instructional self-talk impacts performance though attentional mechanisms (Galanis & Hatzigeorgiadis, 2020). Infusing internal and external attentional focus into instructional self-talk may allow more consistent performance differences to emerge between instructional and motivational self-talk. The purpose of the present study was to compare instructional self-talk with internal and external foci to motivational self-talk. 36 participants (Male = 10, Female = 26; M = 20.65 years) completed 60 dart throws in a counter-balanced order, with 15 occurring under each of four conditions: control (CON), internal-instructional self-talk (IIST), external-instructional self-talk (EIST), and motivational self-talk (MST). Performance was measured through mean radial error (MRE) for accuracy and bivariate variable error (BVE) for consistency. For a within-subjects design, data were analyzed with separate one-way repeated measures ANOVAs with four levels (i.e., CON, IIST, EIST, and MST) for each dependent variable. EIST and MST had significantly less MRE than IIST (p < .05). Results suggest that incorporating external focus into instructional self-talk may benefit discrete motor task performance.

自我对话匹配假说预测，指导性自我对话在涉及精确和准确性的任务中更有效，而动机性自我对话在涉及耐力、力量和力量的任务中更有效（Theodorakis et al., 2000）。大约60%的自我对话干预支持这些差异效应预测（Hardy et al., 2018）。注意焦点研究可能会加强匹配假设，其中外部焦点已被证明可以提高各种运动任务的表现并促进学习（Chua et al., 2021）。据推测，教学自我对话通过注意机制影响绩效（Galanis & Hatzigeorgiadis, 2020）。在教学性自言自语中注入内部和外部注意焦点可能会使教学性自言自语和动机性自言自语之间出现更一致的表现差异。本研究的目的是比较内部和外部焦点的教学性自我对话与动机性自我对话。36名参与者（男10人，女26人，男20.65岁）按平衡顺序完成60次飞镖投掷，其中在控制（CON）、内部指导性自我对话（IIST）、外部指导性自我对话（EIST）和激励性自我对话（MST）四种条件下各15次。通过平均径向误差（MRE）和双变量误差（BVE）来衡量准确性和一致性。对于受试者内设计，对每个因变量分别采用四个水平（即CON、IIST、EIST和MST）的单因素重复测量方差分析。EIST和MST的MRE显著低于IIST （p < 0.05）。结果表明，将外部焦点纳入教学自言自语可能有利于离散运动任务的表现。

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引用次数: 0

Cortical rhythms associated with early postural stabilization during the transition from the double-leg to the single-leg stance 在从双腿站立到单腿站立的过渡过程中，与早期姿势稳定相关的皮质节律

IF 1.9 3区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Human Movement Science

Pub Date : 2025-08-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2025.103401

Yuji Nishioka , Yoshiki Tanaka , Nobuhiro Kito , Akihiro Matsuura

Objective

Previous studies have demonstrated that the cerebral cortex is involved in the postural responses to static standing and disturbances. However, the role of the cortex in postural stabilization remains unclear. This study aimed to clarify cortical activity during postural stabilization.

Methods

Thirteen healthy adult subjects performed a transition from the double-leg stance to the single-leg stance. The tasks were classified as −1–0 s (T1) to 3–4 s (T5), and the relationship between the power spectrum of the alpha and beta bands of the electroencephalogram (EEG) and the center of pressure (COP) or time to stabilization (TTS) was examined. The subjects were also divided into the low-TTS and high-TTS groups based on TTS, and EEG findings were compared between groups.

Results

While COP parameters showed no significant correlation with EEG findings, TTS shortening was associated with a decrease in the alpha power at T2 (0–1 s) and an increase in the beta power at T5. Low-TTS group also showed a decrease in the alpha power compared with high-TTS group. Furthermore, low-TTS group showed an increase in beta power at T5 compared with T1, and high-TTS group showed a decrease in beta power at T5 compared with T3 (1–2 s).

Conclusion

Our findings indicate that the cerebral cortex contributes to faster postural stabilization. Furthermore, the results suggest that the decrease in alpha power is the cortical activity that stabilizes the posture, and the increase in beta power is the cortical activity that maintains a stable posture.

目的以往的研究表明，大脑皮层参与了静态站立和干扰的姿势反应。然而，皮层在姿势稳定中的作用仍不清楚。本研究旨在阐明姿势稳定过程中的皮质活动。方法13名健康成人受试者从双腿站立过渡到单腿站立。将任务划分为- 1-0 s (T1) ~ 3-4 s (T5)，并检测脑电图α、β波段功率谱与压力中心（COP）或稳定时间（TTS）的关系。根据TTS水平将受试者分为低TTS组和高TTS组，并比较各组脑电图结果。结果COP参数与脑电图无显著相关性，TTS缩短与T2 （0-1 s）时α功率降低、T5时β功率升高相关。与高tts组相比，低tts组的α功率也有所下降。低tts组在T5时β功率较T1升高，高tts组在T5时β功率较T3降低（1 ~ 2 s）。结论我们的研究结果表明，大脑皮层有助于更快的姿势稳定。此外，研究结果表明，α能量的下降是稳定姿势的皮层活动，而β能量的增加是维持姿势稳定的皮层活动。

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引用次数: 0

Bases for the selection of alternate foot placement during straight- and turning-gait 在直步和转步中选择交替脚位的基础

IF 1.9 3区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Human Movement Science

Pub Date : 2025-08-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2025.103402

Nicholas Kreter , Peter C. Fino

Humans typically plan foot placement strategy multiple steps in advance when walking across complex terrain. Planning steps in advance is beneficial for both upright stability and forward progress, but one drawback is that new obstacles can make planned foot placement location unsafe between planning and execution, necessitating a rapid shift to foot placement that impacts both stability and progress. This study investigates the selection of alternate foot placement during both straight- and turning-gait. Thirteen healthy young adults walked along a virtually projected walkway with precision footholds oriented in either a straight line or with a single 60°, 90°, or 120° step or spin turn to the right. Step turns are turns where the rotation of the body occurs while the outside limb is in contact with the ground, whereas spin turns pivot over the inside limb. On a subset of trials, participants were required to rapidly avoid stepping on select footholds. Hierarchical bootstrapping analyses revealed stereotyped alternate foot placement strategies across turn angles that differed between step turns and spin turns. Specifically, alternate foot placement for step turns aligned with the person's approach trajectory when they identified a new obstacle, regardless of turn angle; whereas alternate foot placement for disrupted spin turns aligned with the person's future turn trajectory. We conclude that when humans are forced to rapidly alter previously developed motor plans for foot placement, they utilize a rapid stereotyped behavior that changes based on the demand of the turn.

在复杂的地形上行走时，人类通常会提前多步规划脚的放置策略。提前计划步骤对直立稳定性和向前进步都是有益的，但一个缺点是新的障碍会使计划好的脚放置位置在计划和执行之间变得不安全，需要快速转移到脚放置位置，从而影响稳定性和进步。本研究探讨了直立和转身步态中交替足部放置的选择。13名健康的年轻人沿着一条虚拟投影的人行道行走，这些人行道的精确立足点可以是一条直线，也可以是一个60°、90°或120°的单步或向右旋转。步转是指身体在外侧肢体接触地面时的旋转，而自旋是指身体在内侧肢体上的旋转。在一部分试验中，参与者被要求迅速避免踩在选定的立足点上。分层自举分析揭示了跨步转和自旋转不同转角的刻板交替足部放置策略。具体来说，当他们识别到一个新的障碍物时，无论转弯角度如何，交替的脚位置都与人的接近轨迹保持一致；然而，交替的脚位置打乱旋转转身与人的未来转弯轨迹对齐。我们的结论是，当人类被迫快速改变先前发展的足部运动计划时，他们利用快速的刻板行为，根据转弯的需要改变。

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引用次数: 0

Transfer of motor learning in a motion-controlled video game is better facilitated using rotations of the torso rather than movements of the center of pressure as a controller 在动作控制的视频游戏中，使用躯干的旋转而不是作为控制器的压力中心的运动，更容易促进运动学习的转移

IF 1.9 3区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Human Movement Science

Pub Date : 2025-08-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2025.103400

Vasileios Mylonas , Paris Mavromoustakos Blom , Vassilios Panoutsakopoulos , Nick Stergiou , Thomas Nikodelis

Despite growing interest in motion-controlled video games for rehabilitation, the mechanisms that facilitate transfer of motor learning in such situations remain poorly understood. This study examined the transfer of motor learning in a video game task controlled either via center of pressure (CoP) displacement or through torso rotations. For this purpose, during the game, participants controlled an aircraft in vertical and horizontal axes and had to fly through 100 ring-shaped targets. Twenty-one participants were randomly divided into two experimental groups. The first group (CoP-Tor) played first the game controlling the aircraft with CoP displacements and then the one with torso rotations. The second group (Tor-CoP) played the games in reverse order. Spatial errors were calculated between the player's position and the targets to quantify game performance. Sample entropy of the CoP displacement was calculated to quantify repeatability in postural sway variability. Our results showed that spatial errors were significantly lower in the CoP-controlled game for the Tor-CoP group compared to the CoP-Tor group. The Tor-CoP group also exhibited lower repeatability values in the CoP-controlled game compared to the CoP-Tor group. Our results suggested a directional transfer of motor learning from the Tor-controlled game to the CoP-controlled game, because performance improved in the CoP-controlled game when it was played after a Tor-controlled game. The entropy results suggested that the improved CoP-controlled game performance was also followed by a more repeatable pattern of movement variability. Overall, our findings suggest that torso-related training can improve CoP control possibly by increasing the repeatability of movement variability.

尽管人们对运动控制的视频游戏在康复治疗中的作用越来越感兴趣，但在这种情况下促进运动学习转移的机制仍然知之甚少。本研究考察了通过压力中心（CoP）位移或躯干旋转控制的视频游戏任务中运动学习的转移。为此，在游戏中，参与者在垂直和水平方向上控制一架飞机，并必须飞过100个环形目标。21名参与者被随机分为两个实验组。第一组（CoP- tor）首先玩的游戏是控制飞机的CoP位移，然后是躯干旋转。第二组（Tor-CoP）按相反的顺序玩游戏。通过计算玩家位置和目标之间的空间误差来量化游戏表现。计算CoP位移的样本熵以量化姿势摇摆可变性的重复性。我们的研究结果表明，Tor-CoP组在cop控制游戏中的空间错误明显低于CoP-Tor组。与CoP-Tor组相比，Tor-CoP组在cop控制的游戏中也表现出较低的重复性值。我们的研究结果表明，运动学习从tor控制的游戏向cop控制的游戏有方向性转移，因为在tor控制的游戏之后，cop控制的游戏的表现有所改善。熵值结果表明，改进的cop控制的游戏表现也伴随着更可重复的移动可变性模式。总的来说，我们的研究结果表明，躯干相关的训练可能通过增加运动可变性的可重复性来改善CoP控制。

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