Human Movement Science最新文献_第3页

Speed-dependent changes in shoulder-hip coordination and upper limb variability during gait in older adults with Parkinson's disease 老年帕金森病患者步态中肩髋协调和上肢变异性的速度依赖性变化

IF 1.9 3区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Human Movement Science

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2025.103449

Maria Eduarda Parcianello Cabeleira , André Ivaniski-Mello , Valéria Feijó Martins , Leonardo Alexandre Peyré-Tartaruga , Flávia Gomes Martinez , Fernanda Cechetti

Background

Coordination between upper and lower limbs is fundamental to human gait. Changes in this coordination are well described in Parkinson's disease (PD), but there is limited information on the upper limbs' continuous relative phase and coordination variability during walking in people with PD (PwPD), considering different phases of the gait cycle and varying walking speeds.

Research question

Do older adults with PD present altered upper limbs continuous relative phase (CRP) and coordination variability across the different subphases of gait cycle and walking speeds, compared to older adults without PD?

Methods

This cross-sectional observational study included 20 older adults with PD and 10 older adults without PD. Participants underwent gait kinematic analysis using a three-dimensional motion capture system on a treadmill at 0.28 and 0.83 m/s. The mean CRP and coordination variability in shoulder-elbow and shoulder-hip pairs were calculated. Statistical analysis employed the Generalized Estimating Equations method to compare groups and evaluate group*speed interactions.

Results

Older adults with PD exhibit distinct upper limb-hip coordination strategies as walking speed increases, especially during the final subphases of the gait cycle, compared to those without PD. Older adults with and without PD decrease variability in upper limb coordination with rising speed, and shoulder-hip segments are only affected during the push-off phase.

Significance

These findings highlight the distinct motor coordination challenges faced by older adults with PD and underscore the importance of targeted interventions, focusing on improving shoulder-hip and arms coordination to improve gait dynamics in this population.

背景：上肢和下肢之间的协调是人类步态的基础。这种协调的变化在帕金森病（PD）中得到了很好的描述，但考虑到不同的步态周期阶段和不同的行走速度，PD （PwPD）患者在行走过程中上肢的连续相对相位和协调变异性的信息有限。研究问题：与没有帕金森病的老年人相比，患有帕金森病的老年人是否表现出上肢连续相对相（CRP）和不同亚阶段步态周期和步行速度的协调变异性的改变？方法：本横断面观察研究包括20名老年帕金森病患者和10名老年非帕金森病患者。参与者在跑步机上以0.28和0.83米/秒的速度使用三维运动捕捉系统进行步态运动学分析。计算肩关节-肘关节和肩关节-髋关节对的平均CRP和协调性变异性。统计分析采用广义估计方程方法进行组间比较，评价组间速度相互作用。结果：与没有PD的老年人相比，老年PD患者随着步行速度的增加，尤其是在步态周期的最后阶段，表现出明显的上肢-髋关节协调策略。有或没有PD的老年人上肢协调性随速度上升而降低，肩关节段仅在推离阶段受到影响。意义：这些发现强调了老年PD患者所面临的独特的运动协调挑战，并强调了有针对性的干预的重要性，重点是改善该人群的肩-髋和手臂协调，以改善步态动力学。

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引用次数: 0

Upper-limb coordination deficits in paraplegia during symmetrical movement tasks: Evidence from surface EMG and kinematic analysis 截瘫患者在对称运动任务中的上肢协调缺陷：来自表面肌电图和运动学分析的证据

IF 1.9 3区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Human Movement Science

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2025.103445

Yaming Liu , Mianjia Shan , Fengxian Wu , Haixia Xie , Yixin Shen , Yan Qi , Wenxin Niu

Background

Neural pathways controlling the upper limb (UL) are spared in individuals with paraplegia, but the effect of lower-body sensorimotor pathways disruption on bilateral UL coordination remains unknown. This study aims to investigate the UL coordination in paraplegia during symmetrical movements.

Methods

Fifteen paraplegic individuals and nine healthy controls underwent surface electromyography and motion capture during two types of symmetrical movements to record activity of five bilateral shoulder muscles and bilateral shoulder joint angles. A modified Procrustes analysis aligned bilateral sEMG and angle curves. Maximum correlation coefficients (

r_{\max}

) and normalized symmetry index (NSI) quantified bilateral similarity and symmetry. Canonical variates analysis (CVA) further assessed group differences.

Results

The paraplegia group showed reduced bilateral symmetry and similarity compared to the controls. Main effects of group and movement were found for both

r_{\max}

of all five muscles (group, p < 0.05; movement, p < 0.01) and NSI of shoulder joint angle in the sagittal plane (group, p = 0.049; movement, p = 0.006). Group effects (p < 0.05) were observed for NSI of the middle deltoid (MD), upper trapezius, and latissimus dorsi (LD). Significant movement effects were found in

r_{\max}

of shoulder joint angle in the sagittal and coronal planes (p < 0.001). CVA achieved 93.8 % and 84.2 % group classification accuracy for the two movements, with MD, triceps brachii, and LD parameters contributing most.

Conclusion

Individuals with paraplegia exhibit impaired UL coordination, with neuromuscular measurements being more sensitive than kinematics in detecting deficits, highlighting the need for UL coordination restoration in rehabilitation.

截瘫患者控制上肢（UL）的神经通路不受影响，但下体感觉运动通路中断对双侧上肢协调的影响尚不清楚。本研究旨在探讨截瘫患者在对称运动时的左下肢协调能力。方法对15例截瘫患者和9例正常人进行两种对称运动时的表面肌电和运动捕捉，记录双侧肩关节五块肌肉的活动和双侧肩关节角度。改进的Procrustes分析将双侧肌电图和角度曲线对齐。最大相关系数（rmax）和标准化对称指数（NSI）量化了双边相似性和对称性。典型变量分析（CVA）进一步评估组间差异。结果与对照组相比，截瘫组双侧对称性和相似性降低。组组和运动组对5块肌肉的rmax（组，p < 0.05；运动组，p < 0.01）和矢状面肩关节角的NSI（组，p = 0.049；运动组，p = 0.006）均有主要影响。在中三角肌（MD）、上斜方肌和背阔肌（LD）的NSI方面观察到组效应（p < 0.05）。在矢状面和冠状面肩关节角度的rmax中发现了显著的运动效应（p < 0.001）。CVA对两种动作的分类准确率分别为93.8%和84.2%，其中MD、肱三头肌和LD参数贡献最大。结论截瘫患者下肢协调功能受损，神经肌肉测量比运动学检测更敏感，强调了康复过程中下肢协调功能恢复的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Lower visual field inputs reduce postural sway via ankle co-contraction, independent of vection 较低的视野输入通过踝关节的共同收缩减少姿势的摇摆，独立于向量。

IF 1.9 3区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Human Movement Science

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2025.103446

Takumi Aiko , Takaki Kurogi , Takashi Muchima , Haruna Kumano , Ayako Kawabata , Daiju Kinoshita , Naoya Hasegawa , Norio Kato , Hiroki Mani

Background

Optic flow stimuli in the lower visual field reduce center of pressure (COP) sway in the anteroposterior direction. The central nervous system (CNS) may adopt a stiffness control strategy in response to vection, defined as the visually induced illusion of self-motion.

Research question

Do visual stimuli presented in the lower visual field elicit stronger vection and promote a stiffness strategy?

Methods

Twenty-seven healthy young adults participated in this study. Visual stimuli were presented in two field-of-view conditions (upper and lower visual fields) and three velocity conditions (slow, medium, and fast) using a head-mounted virtual reality display. The optic flow consisted of small white spheres expanding radially toward the periphery. Participants stood quietly for 70 s. Postural responses were quantified using the root mean square (RMS), mean velocity, and power spectral density (PSD) of COP, as well as the co-contraction index (CCI) of ankle muscles. Subjective vection was assessed using a visual analogue scale.

Results

Optic flow in the lower visual field significantly reduced the RMS of COP in the anteroposterior direction and produced a more anterior COP position compared with the upper visual field condition. Additionally, PSD in the low-frequency band (0–0.3 Hz) was significantly reduced, whereas PSD in higher-frequency bands (0.3–3 Hz) and CCI were significantly increased. In contrast, vection was weaker under lower visual field stimulation.

Significance

The CNS modulates ankle muscle co-contraction and postural orientation when optic flow is presented in the lower visual field, independently of vection strength.

背景：下视野的光流刺激可减少压力中心（COP）在前后方向的摆动。中枢神经系统（CNS）可能采用刚度控制策略来响应矢量，定义为视觉诱导的自我运动错觉。研究问题：在低视野中呈现的视觉刺激是否会引发更强的向量并促进僵硬策略？方法：27名健康青年参与本研究。使用头戴式虚拟现实显示器，在两种视场条件（上、下视场）和三种速度条件（慢、中、快）下呈现视觉刺激。光流由白色的小球体组成，呈放射状向外围扩展。参与者静静地站了70多分钟。采用COP的均方根（RMS）、平均速度、功率谱密度（PSD）以及踝关节肌肉的共收缩指数（CCI）对体位反应进行量化。主观向量用视觉模拟量表评估。结果：与上视野相比，下视野的光流明显降低了COP的前后方向RMS，产生了更前的COP位置。此外，低频段（0 ~ 0.3 Hz） PSD显著降低，而高频段（0.3 ~ 3 Hz） PSD和CCI显著升高。相比之下，低视野刺激下的视觉对流较弱。意义：当光流出现在下视野时，中枢神经系统调节踝关节肌肉的共同收缩和体位取向，而不依赖于向量强度。

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引用次数: 0

A test of the variability vs. specificity hypotheses in the retention of a motor skill 运动技能保留的变异性与特异性假说的检验

IF 1.9 3区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Human Movement Science

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2025.103431

Rajiv Ranganathan, Simon Cone, Narae Shin, Rakshith Lokesh, Brian Fox

The variability of practice hypothesis suggests that practicing with task variations enhances motor learning (Schmidt, 1975). However, in tasks with only a single criterion goal to be learned, the evidence that variable practice enhances retention of this criterion task compared to constant practice (i.e. practicing without task variations) is somewhat mixed. Here, we addressed this question using a registered report format. Participants (n = 80) learned a bimanual shuffleboard task where the goal was to slide a virtual puck toward a target, which required participants to release the puck at a specified speed. Two groups of participants were tested - the Constant group practiced with a specific criterion target location (which requires no variation in the puck speed), whereas the Variable group practiced the criterion target location along with 4 additional target locations. Pre-registered comparisons of retention after 24-h showed no evidence of significant differences between groups, with a Bayesian analysis showing support for the null hypothesis. Other exploratory analyses also showed no significant differences between groups. These results indicate that the variability of practice hypothesis may not be as universal as typically assumed but, more broadly, highlight the difficulty in using two-group experimental designs for hypothesis-testing in motor learning.

练习变异性假说表明，任务变异性练习可以增强运动学习（Schmidt, 1975）。然而，在只有单一标准目标的学习任务中，与持续练习（即没有任务变化的练习）相比，可变练习能提高对该标准任务的记忆力的证据多少有些混杂。在这里，我们使用已注册的报告格式来解决这个问题。参与者（n = 80）学习了一个双人沙狐球任务，目标是将一个虚拟的冰球滑向目标，要求参与者以指定的速度释放冰球。两组参与者接受了测试——固定组在一个特定的标准目标位置进行练习（不需要改变冰球速度），而可变组在标准目标位置以及4个额外的目标位置进行练习。预先登记的24小时后保留率比较显示，两组之间没有显著差异的证据，贝叶斯分析支持原假设。其他探索性分析也显示各组之间无显著差异。这些结果表明，练习变异性假说可能不像通常假设的那样普遍，但更广泛地说，突出了在运动学习中使用两组实验设计进行假设检验的困难。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluating cortical activity and balance performance in Alpine skiers: An fNIRS study 评估高山滑雪者的皮质活动和平衡表现：一项近红外光谱研究

IF 1.9 3区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Human Movement Science

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2025.103432

Haroon Khan , Paolo Victor Redondo , Håvard Engell , Hernando Ombao , Peyman Mirtaheri

The study investigates the association between dynamic balance performance assessed by the modified hop balance test and cortical hemodynamics in young skiers during single-leg stance (SLS) and dual-leg stance (DLS), utilizing functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). The study hypothesizes that SLS will enhance cortical activation than DLS due to challenging postural balance, and imbalances between right- and left-leg stances (RLS vs. LLS) will produce distinct activation patterns. The SLS and DLS were performed to understand cortical activity linked to postural control, brain areas, and lateralization’s role. Differences in the hemodynamic response across experimental conditions were formally tested under the statistical framework called the functional mixed effects model, which simultaneously captures common patterns across subjects and accounts for variations in brain functional responses across subjects. Results unveiled a notable contrast

(p \leq 0.0001)

in cortical activation between SLS and DLS, with higher cortical activation during SLS, suggesting distinct neural control mechanisms. Intriguingly, distinct cortical activation patterns were observed during both stances, including various regions in the motor cortex and associated areas. No significant differences were found in cortical hemodynamics and balance performance when comparing the left-leg stance (LLS) and right-leg stance (RLS), suggesting equal stimulation of the motor cortex. Future studies comparing skiers with non-skiers might reveal different brain activity patterns between RLS and LLS, warranting further investigation into the functional role of these activations for balance improvement and targeted interventions.

该研究利用功能近红外光谱（fNIRS）研究了年轻滑雪者在单腿站姿（SLS）和双腿站姿（DLS）时，用改良跳跃平衡测试评估的动态平衡性能与皮质血流动力学之间的关系。该研究假设，由于姿势平衡的挑战，SLS会比DLS增强皮质激活，而右腿和左腿站立之间的不平衡（RLS vs. LLS）会产生不同的激活模式。进行SLS和DLS是为了了解与姿势控制、大脑区域和侧化作用相关的皮质活动。不同实验条件下血液动力学反应的差异在称为功能混合效应模型的统计框架下进行了正式测试，该模型同时捕获了不同受试者的共同模式，并解释了不同受试者大脑功能反应的差异。结果显示，SLS和DLS之间的皮层激活存在显著差异（p≤0.0001），SLS期间皮层激活更高，提示不同的神经控制机制。有趣的是，在两种姿势下观察到不同的皮层激活模式，包括运动皮层的不同区域和相关区域。左腿站姿和右腿站姿在皮质血流动力学和平衡性能方面无显著差异，提示运动皮质受到相同的刺激。未来的研究将滑雪者和非滑雪者进行比较，可能会揭示RLS和LLS之间不同的大脑活动模式，从而进一步研究这些激活在改善平衡和有针对性干预方面的功能作用。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of unilateral leg weight perturbation intensity on spatiotemporal gait parameter symmetry and lower limb muscle activity: An exploratory laboratory study in healthy adults 单侧腿重量扰动强度对时空步态参数对称性和下肢肌肉活动的影响：一项健康成人探索性实验室研究

IF 1.9 3区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Human Movement Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2025.103426

Tsuyoshi Motokawa , Yuta Terasawa , Yui Nagamori , Sora Onishi , Shu Morioka

Background

Walking requires precise central nervous system control. Although gait adaptation and learning have been extensively investigated, the specific conditions that elicit delayed adaptation and aftereffects remain unclear.

Research question

How do slow adaptation and aftereffects influence gait parameters during walking with unilateral leg weight load perturbation?

Methods

This exploratory laboratory study involved 15 healthy adults. The participants walked on a treadmill with a weight attached to one leg under low-weight/high-speed, high-weight/low-speed, and high-weight/high-speed conditions. Each condition comprised baseline, adaptation, and de-adaptation phases. Step length symmetry, swing time ratio, lower limb flexion-extension angles, and muscle activity during walking were recorded and assessed across conditions.

Results

Slow adaptation and aftereffects in step length symmetry and leg flexion-extension angles were observed under the high-weight/high-speed condition. An immediate increase in muscle activity was detected following weight loading, primarily on the unperturbed side. This procedure was followed by gradual bilateral adaptation and aftereffects in the gastrocnemius and rectus femoris muscles on the perturbed side. Both low-weight/high-speed and high-weight/low-speed conditions induced aftereffects in step length symmetry; however, no significant changes in leg flexion-extension angles were noted. Under the low-weight/high-speed condition, bilateral muscle activity increased immediately, followed by slow adaptation in multiple muscles and aftereffects in the perturbed gastrocnemius.

Significance

These findings elucidate how weight and speed perturbation intensity affect the neurological mechanisms underlying gait adaptation. High-intensity perturbation engages feedforward control and promotes central nervous system adaptation. The results may guide the development of rehabilitation strategies aimed at improving gait symmetry through unilateral leg loading.

背景：行走需要精确的中枢神经系统控制。尽管步态适应和学习已被广泛研究，但引起延迟适应和后遗症的具体条件仍不清楚。研究问题：单侧腿部负重扰动时，缓慢适应和后遗症如何影响步态参数？方法：对15名健康成人进行探索性实验室研究。参与者在跑步机上行走，在低重量/高速、高重量/低速和高重量/高速条件下，一条腿上有重物。每个条件包括基线、适应和去适应阶段。记录并评估不同条件下行走时的步长对称性、摆动时间比、下肢屈伸角和肌肉活动。结果：在高质量/高速条件下，步长对称性和腿屈伸角的适应缓慢，且存在后效。负重后，肌肉活动立即增加，主要是在未受干扰的一侧。该手术后，两侧逐渐适应，不适一侧腓肠肌和股直肌出现后遗症。低质量/高速和高质量/低速条件下的步长对称性均有后效；然而，腿部屈伸角度没有明显变化。在低重量/高速条件下，双侧肌肉活动立即增加，随后是多块肌肉的缓慢适应和腓肠肌紊乱的后遗症。意义：这些发现阐明了体重和速度扰动强度如何影响步态适应的神经机制。高强度的扰动参与前馈控制，促进中枢神经系统的适应。研究结果可以指导通过单侧腿部负荷改善步态对称性的康复策略的发展。

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引用次数: 0

New developments at human movement science: Shaping the future 人体运动科学的新发展：塑造未来。

IF 1.9 3区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Human Movement Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2025.103435

A. Mark Williams

引用次数: 0

Focus on the process or outcome? It depends on the task goal 关注过程还是结果？这取决于任务目标。

IF 1.9 3区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Human Movement Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2025.103416

Kevin A. Becker , Nicholas A. Levine , Christopher A. Aiken

An abundance of research supports an external focus enhancing motor performance relative to an internal focus. However, this blanket recommendation loses some nuance of what types of external cues might be most effective. Some studies have compared a proximal and distal external focus, but this comparison is often confounded by differences in both spatial and temporal distance. In the present study, we aimed to determine how internal and external focus cues that direct attention to either the process or outcome of the movement (i.e., differing in temporal distance, but not spatial distance) impacted hex bar deadlift performance. Twenty-four participants (16 females) experienced in strength training performed hex bar deadlifts with 60 % of their self-reported 1RM. Familiarization trials were followed by conditions using an internal-process (IP), internal-outcome (IO), external-process (EP), and external-outcome (EO) focus presented in a counterbalanced order. Peak velocity, average velocity, and vertical bar displacement were subjected to repeated measures ANOVAs to test for differences due to focus. Peak velocity was impacted by focus with an EP leading to higher values than IO and IP. For average velocity EP had higher values than IO, and approached higher values than IP. For vertical bar displacement, EO led to greater displacement than IO and IP, but did not differ from EP. The present findings suggest EP was most effective for enhancing velocity (primary goal), but EO maximized displacement. These differing findings suggest that the best external focus cues are those which most closely align with important task goals.

大量的研究支持外部焦点相对于内部焦点增强运动表现。然而，这种笼统的建议忽略了哪些类型的外部线索可能是最有效的。一些研究比较了近端和远端外焦，但这种比较经常被空间和时间距离的差异所混淆。在本研究中，我们的目的是确定内部和外部焦点线索如何将注意力引导到运动的过程或结果（即，不同的时间距离，但不是空间距离）影响内六角杆硬举的表现。24名有力量训练经验的参与者（16名女性）进行了六杠硬举，其中60%的人自我报告的1RM。在熟悉性试验之后，以平衡顺序呈现内部过程（IP）、内部结果（IO）、外部过程（EP）和外部结果（EO）焦点。峰值速度、平均速度和竖杆位移采用重复测量方差分析（anova）来检验因聚焦而产生的差异。峰值速度受到焦点的影响，EP导致的值高于IO和IP。平均流速EP值高于IO值，且接近于IP值。对于竖杆位移，EO导致的位移大于IO和IP，但与EP没有差异。目前的研究结果表明，EP在提高速度（主要目标）方面最有效，而EO在最大位移方面最有效。这些不同的发现表明，最好的外部注意力线索是那些与重要任务目标最密切相关的线索。

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引用次数: 0

Handedness and brain lateralization: A nonlinear motor approach combined with EEG 偏手性与脑侧化：结合脑电图的非线性运动方法。

IF 1.9 3区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Human Movement Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2025.103425

Yago Emanoel Ramos , Mariana Teixeira Santos , Iago Nudelman Reis Yamamoto , Cecília Bastos da Costa Accioly , Jean-François Daneault , Daniel Gomes de Almeida Filho , José Garcia Vivas Miranda

This study explores handedness through a multidisciplinary approach, integrating biomechanical analysis and electroencephalography (EEG) to uncover differences in motor strategies and brain lateralization among right-handed, left-handed, and ambidextrous individuals. Seventy participants were assessed using motion capture and EEG during writing and drawing tasks performed with both dominant and non-dominant hands. Biomechanical data were analyzed through the lens of motion optimization, using the Movement Element Decomposition (MED) method, while EEG data focused on event-related synchronization/desynchronization (ERD/S) patterns. Results highlight that right-handers demonstrate stronger lateralization for fine motor tasks, with optimized neural and biomechanical adaptations favoring the right hand. In contrast, left-handers exhibit specialization for impedance control with their right hand, suggesting distinct motor planning strategies. EEG findings corroborate these behaviors, showing that right-handers require less cognitive effort when using their dominant hand for writing, whereas left-handers show heightened parietal activity associated with sensorimotor integration during similar tasks. The study reveals an asymmetry in motor skill acquisition, possibly related to left-handed adaptations to right-hand-dominated environments. These insights contribute to understanding handedness's role in motor control and brain organization, with implications for neurorehabilitation.

本研究通过多学科研究方法，结合生物力学分析和脑电图（EEG）来揭示右撇子、左撇子和双撇子个体在运动策略和脑侧化方面的差异。70名参与者在用惯用手和非惯用手完成写作和绘画任务时，使用动作捕捉和脑电图进行评估。生物力学数据通过运动优化透镜进行分析，使用运动元素分解（MED）方法，而脑电图数据侧重于事件相关的同步/去同步（ERD/S）模式。结果强调，右撇子在精细运动任务中表现出更强的侧化，优化的神经和生物力学适应有利于右手。相比之下，左撇子表现出对右手阻抗控制的专一性，这表明他们有不同的运动规划策略。脑电图结果证实了这些行为，表明右撇子在使用惯用手写作时需要较少的认知努力，而左撇子在类似的任务中表现出与感觉运动整合相关的更高的顶叶活动。这项研究揭示了运动技能习得的不对称性，可能与左撇子适应右手主导的环境有关。这些见解有助于理解利手性在运动控制和大脑组织中的作用，并对神经康复有影响。

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引用次数: 0

The effects of strategic self-talk with consideration of attentional focus on discrete motor task performance 考虑注意焦点的策略自言自语对离散运动任务绩效的影响

IF 1.9 3区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Human Movement Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2025.103413

Jack J. Sampson , Phillip G. Post , Christopher A. Aiken

The self-talk matching hypothesis predicts that instructional self-talk is more effective for tasks involving precision and accuracy, and that motivational self-talk is more effective for tasks involving endurance, strength, and power (Theodorakis et al., 2000). Around 60 % of self-talk interventions support these differential effects predictions (Hardy et al., 2018). Attentional focus research may strengthen the matching hypothesis, where an external focus has been shown to improve performance and facilitate learning for a variety of motor tasks (Chua et al., 2021). It has been postulated that instructional self-talk impacts performance though attentional mechanisms (Galanis & Hatzigeorgiadis, 2020). Infusing internal and external attentional focus into instructional self-talk may allow more consistent performance differences to emerge between instructional and motivational self-talk. The purpose of the present study was to compare instructional self-talk with internal and external foci to motivational self-talk. 36 participants (Male = 10, Female = 26; M = 20.65 years) completed 60 dart throws in a counter-balanced order, with 15 occurring under each of four conditions: control (CON), internal-instructional self-talk (IIST), external-instructional self-talk (EIST), and motivational self-talk (MST). Performance was measured through mean radial error (MRE) for accuracy and bivariate variable error (BVE) for consistency. For a within-subjects design, data were analyzed with separate one-way repeated measures ANOVAs with four levels (i.e., CON, IIST, EIST, and MST) for each dependent variable. EIST and MST had significantly less MRE than IIST (p < .05). Results suggest that incorporating external focus into instructional self-talk may benefit discrete motor task performance.

自我对话匹配假说预测，指导性自我对话在涉及精确和准确性的任务中更有效，而动机性自我对话在涉及耐力、力量和力量的任务中更有效（Theodorakis et al., 2000）。大约60%的自我对话干预支持这些差异效应预测（Hardy et al., 2018）。注意焦点研究可能会加强匹配假设，其中外部焦点已被证明可以提高各种运动任务的表现并促进学习（Chua et al., 2021）。据推测，教学自我对话通过注意机制影响绩效（Galanis & Hatzigeorgiadis, 2020）。在教学性自言自语中注入内部和外部注意焦点可能会使教学性自言自语和动机性自言自语之间出现更一致的表现差异。本研究的目的是比较内部和外部焦点的教学性自我对话与动机性自我对话。36名参与者（男10人，女26人，男20.65岁）按平衡顺序完成60次飞镖投掷，其中在控制（CON）、内部指导性自我对话（IIST）、外部指导性自我对话（EIST）和激励性自我对话（MST）四种条件下各15次。通过平均径向误差（MRE）和双变量误差（BVE）来衡量准确性和一致性。对于受试者内设计，对每个因变量分别采用四个水平（即CON、IIST、EIST和MST）的单因素重复测量方差分析。EIST和MST的MRE显著低于IIST （p < 0.05）。结果表明，将外部焦点纳入教学自言自语可能有利于离散运动任务的表现。

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