Human Movement Science最新文献

{"title":"New developments at human movement science: Shaping the future","authors":"A. Mark Williams","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103435","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103435","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 103435"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145656214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of unilateral leg weight perturbation intensity on spatiotemporal gait parameter symmetry and lower limb muscle activity: An exploratory laboratory study in healthy adults","authors":"Tsuyoshi Motokawa ,&nbsp;Yuta Terasawa ,&nbsp;Yui Nagamori ,&nbsp;Sora Onishi ,&nbsp;Shu Morioka","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103426","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103426","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Walking requires precise central nervous system control. Although gait adaptation and learning have been extensively investigated, the specific conditions that elicit delayed adaptation and aftereffects remain unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Research question</h3><div>How do slow adaptation and aftereffects influence gait parameters during walking with unilateral leg weight load perturbation?</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This exploratory laboratory study involved 15 healthy adults. The participants walked on a treadmill with a weight attached to one leg under low-weight/high-speed, high-weight/low-speed, and high-weight/high-speed conditions. Each condition comprised baseline, adaptation, and de-adaptation phases. Step length symmetry, swing time ratio, lower limb flexion-extension angles, and muscle activity during walking were recorded and assessed across conditions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Slow adaptation and aftereffects in step length symmetry and leg flexion-extension angles were observed under the high-weight/high-speed condition. An immediate increase in muscle activity was detected following weight loading, primarily on the unperturbed side. This procedure was followed by gradual bilateral adaptation and aftereffects in the gastrocnemius and rectus femoris muscles on the perturbed side. Both low-weight/high-speed and high-weight/low-speed conditions induced aftereffects in step length symmetry; however, no significant changes in leg flexion-extension angles were noted. Under the low-weight/high-speed condition, bilateral muscle activity increased immediately, followed by slow adaptation in multiple muscles and aftereffects in the perturbed gastrocnemius.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>These findings elucidate how weight and speed perturbation intensity affect the neurological mechanisms underlying gait adaptation. High-intensity perturbation engages feedforward control and promotes central nervous system adaptation. The results may guide the development of rehabilitation strategies aimed at improving gait symmetry through unilateral leg loading.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 103426"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145454078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eliminating interlimb transfer asymmetry through exposure","authors":"Cong Yin ,&nbsp;Yaoxu Wang ,&nbsp;Jiasen Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103427","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103427","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the asymmetry of interlimb transfer in motor skill learning and explored a method to eliminate it. Two experiments were conducted using a laser pistol shooting task. In Experiment 1, we examined whether interlimb transfer asymmetry occurs in pistol shooting. Right-handed participants trained with either their dominant or nondominant hand. Pre- and post-tests were conducted with both hands. Results showed that shooting performance transferred from the dominant to the nondominant hand immediately after training, but not in the reverse direction. Experiment 2 tested whether the training-plus-exposure (TPE) paradigm could eliminate this asymmetry. Three groups trained with their nondominant hand. Following training, two exposure groups engaged the dominant hand in either a mouse-tracking or keyboard-typing task, while a third group rested. Only the tracking exposure group exhibited complete transfer of shooting skill to the dominant hand. A control group that performed only the tracking task without prior training showed no performance gain. These findings suggest that interlimb transfer in shooting is asymmetric not because of unequal learning, but due to execution-level inhibition that prevents expression of acquired skill. Exposure to a task with similar control demands reactivates access to shared motor representations. This challenges existing models of interlimb transfer focused on learning or storage limitations and supports a new framework that dissociates acquisition from expression. The results also parallel findings from perceptual learning and may inform interventions in sports training and motor rehabilitation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 103427"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145454130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phase resetting with temporal template explains complexity matching in finger tapping to fractal rhythms","authors":"Si Long Jenny Tou,&nbsp;Tom Chau","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103423","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103423","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Auditory-motor synchronization refers to the coupling of motor responses to rhythmic auditory stimuli. This study examined finger-tapping dynamics under three conditions: self-paced tapping, tapping to metronomic stimuli, and tapping to fractal auditory stimuli. Using Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA) to estimate Hurst exponents, &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mi&gt;H&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, and Diffusion Entropy Analysis (DEA) to estimate scaling exponents, &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mi&gt;d&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, in each condition, we found that self-paced tapping exhibited persistent or super-diffusive inter-tap intervals (&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;H&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;.&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;63&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mo&gt;±&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;.&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;145&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;d&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;.&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;64&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mo&gt;±&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;.&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;097&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;), while tapping to metronomic stimuli showed a trend toward random noise (&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;H&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;.&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;55&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mo&gt;±&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;.&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;101&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;d&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;.&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;58&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mo&gt;±&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;.&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;126&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;). Complexity matching, that is, systematic adjustment of intertap intervals to match persistence levels of fractal stimuli, was observed between the Hurst exponents of auditory stimuli (&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;H&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;.&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;25&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; to &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;H&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;.&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;5&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;) and complexity measures of tapping (&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;H&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;.&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;54&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; to &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;H&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;.&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;81&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;d&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;.&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;51&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; to &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;d&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;.&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;72&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;). A Gaussian linear mixed model confirmed significant associations between the Hurst exponents of auditory stimuli and &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mi&gt;H&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; of the corresponding intertap interval time series. In contrast, the associations between the Hurst exponents of auditory stimuli and &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mi&gt;d&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; of the corresponding intertap interval time series were mixed.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;To understand these empirical observations, we utilized the neural hopping model to represent the intrinsic mechanism underlying self-paced tapping and incorporated the Van der Pol oscillator to account for auditory stimuli as a driving force. Metronomic stimuli were modeled as harmonic forcing, resulting in simulated tapping with &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;H&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;.&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;50&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mo&gt;±&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;.&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;175&lt;/m","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 103423"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145410849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One motion, different strategies: Intra-individual spinal movement variability during a repeated flexion task","authors":"Cathrine H. Feier ,&nbsp;Samantha Tsioros ,&nbsp;Victoria M. Lippitt ,&nbsp;Shawn M. Beaudette ,&nbsp;Stephen H.M. Brown","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103419","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103419","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spinal movement variability is a normal feature of repetitive motions and has been hypothesized to differ between people with and without low back pain. However, normative values for intra-individual variability are currently lacking, making it difficult to judge when the variability becomes abnormal. This study used a combination of principal components analysis, single component reconstruction, and coefficient of variation to assess intra-individual variability of 3 blocks of 10 repeated spinal flexion movements in a group of 15 healthy individuals. Spinal flexion movements were assessed using motion capture cameras and a 19 × 3 matrix of retroreflective stickers on the spinous processes and bilateral paraspinal muscle bellies of S1-C7 spinal levels. All participants showed lower range of motion coefficients of variation in the lumbar spine (1.9–25.3 %) compared to the thoracic spine (7.9–30.1 %). To explain ≥80 % of the total variance within movements, 2–5 principal components were needed for each participant. Single component reconstruction revealed magnitude changes, waveform differences, and phase shifts as common sources of variability. These changes were usually observed when the coefficient of variation exceeded 10 % for that region of the spine. In conclusion, healthy individuals display varying levels of intra-individual spinal movement variability. The sources of variability can be interpreted using a combination of principal components analysis and single component reconstruction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 103419"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145363970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Handedness and brain lateralization: A nonlinear motor approach combined with EEG","authors":"Yago Emanoel Ramos ,&nbsp;Mariana Teixeira Santos ,&nbsp;Iago Nudelman Reis Yamamoto ,&nbsp;Cecília Bastos da Costa Accioly ,&nbsp;Jean-François Daneault ,&nbsp;Daniel Gomes de Almeida Filho ,&nbsp;José Garcia Vivas Miranda","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103425","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103425","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores handedness through a multidisciplinary approach, integrating biomechanical analysis and electroencephalography (EEG) to uncover differences in motor strategies and brain lateralization among right-handed, left-handed, and ambidextrous individuals. Seventy participants were assessed using motion capture and EEG during writing and drawing tasks performed with both dominant and non-dominant hands. Biomechanical data were analyzed through the lens of motion optimization, using the Movement Element Decomposition (MED) method, while EEG data focused on event-related synchronization/desynchronization (ERD/S) patterns. Results highlight that right-handers demonstrate stronger lateralization for fine motor tasks, with optimized neural and biomechanical adaptations favoring the right hand. In contrast, left-handers exhibit specialization for impedance control with their right hand, suggesting distinct motor planning strategies. EEG findings corroborate these behaviors, showing that right-handers require less cognitive effort when using their dominant hand for writing, whereas left-handers show heightened parietal activity associated with sensorimotor integration during similar tasks. The study reveals an asymmetry in motor skill acquisition, possibly related to left-handed adaptations to right-hand-dominated environments. These insights contribute to understanding handedness's role in motor control and brain organization, with implications for neurorehabilitation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 103425"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145356900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of Alexander technique-based postural instructions on gait in healthy young adults","authors":"Derek J. Otterstetter,&nbsp;Kate A. Hamel,&nbsp;David I. Anderson","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103421","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103421","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alexander technique (AT) is a method of behavior modification that seeks to improve coordination by modifying habitual reactions to the stimuli that incite action. Previous studies have shown that a single session of AT-based postural instructions (Lighten Up) can improve axial stiffness, postural control during quiet stance, and step initiation in older adults with Parkinson's disease, as well as balance and postural control in healthy older and younger adults relative to instructions that encourage muscular effort or relaxation. In the present study, we investigated the effects of AT-based postural instructions on steady state gait in young adult participants with no prior experience with Alexander Technique. Forty-four participants (29 female, 15 male; 23.4 ± 4.2 years old) utilized three sets of instructions while walking: Lighten Up, Pull Up, and Relax and also completed a Control condition in which they walked normally without any additional instructions. We found minimal differences between Lighten Up, Pull Up, and the Control conditions, with a significantly smaller Coefficient of Variation in the Lighten Up and Pull Up conditions compared to the Control condition for Stride Velocity. We found the most notable differences in the Relax condition, where participants walked significantly slower, took significantly shorter Stride Lengths, and spent significantly more time in Double Support compared to the other three conditions. Participants also had significantly higher gait variability in the Relax condition compared to the Lighten Up, Pull Up and Control conditions. Instructions to Relax clearly compromised steady state gait.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 103421"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145349855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developmental relationships between motor skills and executive functioning in children with intellectual disabilities","authors":"Yaping Wang ,&nbsp;Yanchun Liu ,&nbsp;Jingjing Xiang ,&nbsp;Jia Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103424","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103424","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Theoretical and empirical evidence suggests a link between motor skills and executive functioning, yet the nature of this relation remains relatively unexplored in children with intellectual disabilities. This study focuses on exploring the developmental relationships between motor skills and executive functioning in this population. We utilized a longitudinal approach to follow 101 children with intellectual disabilities, ranging in age from 7 to 17, across three measurement points with one-year intervals. At each measurement point, participants completed tasks evaluating gross motor skills, fine motor skills, and executive functioning. Random intercept cross-lagged panel modeling revealed distinctive motor–executive function relationship patterns. Specifically, fine motor skills and executive functioning reciprocally predicted each other between Time 1 and Time 2. Additionally, fine motor skills at Time 2 significantly predicted executive functioning at Time 3, whereas the reverse pattern was not observed. In contrast, no significant longitudinal relationship was found between gross motor skills and executive functioning. These findings suggest that interventions integrating fine motor skills and executive functioning could be essential for children with intellectual disabilities, providing an important avenue to support their skills development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 103424"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145350201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Propulsive and braking mechanisms during acceleration and deceleration in human gait","authors":"Naoto Hida,&nbsp;Tomoya Kokue,&nbsp;Kenichi Sugawara","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103420","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103420","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Understanding propulsive and braking mechanisms during gait acceleration and deceleration is essential for ensuring gait stability in daily life.</div></div><div><h3>Research question</h3><div>We aimed to clarify propulsive and braking mechanisms during accelerating and decelerating human gait by analyzing the ground reaction force (GRF) and center of mass external moment (COM M_ext).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We requested 30 healthy young adults to walk under four conditions (normal, maximum, accelerated, decelerated) while kinematic and kinetic data were recorded using a 3D motion capture system and force plates. GRF, COM M_ext, and spatiotemporal gait parameters were analyzed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Accelerated walking (AW) increased walking velocity and step length, while decelerated walking (DW) reduced them. AW had significantly reduced GRF posterior components in early stance phase, and higher GRF anterior and vertical components in the late stance, resulting in a reduced COM M_ext (larger anterior rotation momentum) in the late stance. DW showed significantly elevated GRF vertical and posterior components in the early stance, resulting in a higher COM M_ext (smaller anterior rotation momentum) in the early stance.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>Acceleration was characterized by elevated propulsive and vertical GRF during the late stance to facilitate COM forward rotation. Deceleration was characterized by elevated braking and vertical GRF in the early stance to reduce the abrupt COM forward rotation. Our findings may help the development of effective programs aimed at improving acceleration and deceleration abilities during gait.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 103420"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145310070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bimanual force coordination using the vector coding approach: Quantifying coordination quantity and quality","authors":"Do-Kyung Ko ,&nbsp;Beom Jin Choi ,&nbsp;Nyeonju Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103422","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103422","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to investigate bimanual force coordination in 36 healthy young adults employing a vector coding method. The participants performed bimanual force control at two targeted force levels (i.e., 10 % and 40 % of maximum voluntary contraction [MVC]) and the Purdue Pegboard Test. Force accuracy was used to assess bimanual force control performance. Vector coding analysis was conducted to estimate the quantity and quality of bimanual force coordination. Further, the correlation between bimanual force coordination and bimanual dexterity was investigated. Lower force accuracy was observed at 40 % of MVC. The coordination quantity analysis revealed that left- and right-hand phases were more frequently observed at 10 % of MVC, whereas the greatest quantity of in-phase coordination was observed at 40 % of MVC. Notably, anti-phase coordination demonstrated higher quality in error correction despite its lower quantity. Moreover, a greater quantity of anti-phase coordination at 40 % of MVC was associated with superior bimanual dexterity. These results indicated that quantifying the quantity and quality of coordination using the vector coding method provides a novel framework for identifying specific motor control strategies during bimanual tasks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 103422"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145309989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}