Helminthologia最新文献

We present data on helminths harboured by Pelasgian Rock Lizard Anatololacerta pelasgiana (Mertens, 1959) from several localities in Muğla province, Türkiye. Five helminth species (Nematoda) were found in A. pelesgiana: Oswaldocruzia filiformis, Physalopteroides sp., Thubunae sp., Spauligodon cabrerae and Spauligodon aloisei. Overall helminth prevalences were not relatively high for this species [27/44 (61.3 %)]; helminth assemblages from host species were depauperate and dominated by generalist helminths with direct life cycles.

Enterobiasis is one of the most common human parasitic infections worldwide and in Bulgaria. The objective of this study was to ascertain the levels of intestinal secretory IgA antibodies in patients with enterobiasis, to determine the local immune response in this helminthiasis, and to evaluate its influence on clinical manifestations during infection. Faecal samples from 102 enterobiasis patients and 40 clinically healthy controls were examined. In individuals infected with Enterobius vermicularis, the range of values for SIgA was higher (from 27.5 μg/ml to 13916 μg/ml). However, no statistically significant difference was found between them and those in persons without evidence of infection (from 27.5 to 8999 μg/ml). In both groups of individuals (infected and non-infected), we observed differences in the levels of SIgA, which appeared to be dependent on the age and gender of the subjects. Significantly, higher values were observed in children and adolescents, as well as in males. In individuals with enterobiasis, a higher level of SIgA was observed in those with pronounced clinical symptoms (mean value = 2198.74) compared to asymptomatic individuals (mean value = 1588.54). The highest levels were observed in patients presenting with perianal pruritus (mean value = 3559.54). Our study of the local humoral immune response in people with enterobiasis is the first of its kind in the country. The results clearly show a direct correlation between the presence of clinical symptoms in enterobiasis and elevated levels of secretory IgA in faeces.

This study aims to investigate the soil-transmitted helminth infection among school-age children in Gresik, East Java, Indonesia. An analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted from July to November 2023 in selected elementary schools in Gresik, East Java, Indonesia. Logistic regression analysis was employed to assess the impact of each risk factor on the likelihood of infection transmission. A total of 183 school-age children were screened for the occurrence of helminth eggs in their feces. Twenty-two feces samples from 183 children were positive for helminth egg, consisting of 14 children infected by Ascaris lumbricoides (6.36 %), 3 children infected by Trichuris trichiura (1.304 %), 3 children infected by Oxyuris vermicularis (1.304 %), and 3 children infected by Hookworm (1.304 %). The highest prevalence was found in 7-year-old children (31.8 %). Children who pulled off shoes while in school were more likely to be infected with an overall OR of 8.392 (95 % CI 1.63 - 43.65). Children who played in the dumpsite were more likely to be infected with an overall OR of 4.521 (95 % CI 0.578 - 31.28). Children who washed before eating were more likely to be infected with an overall OR of 3.579 (95 % CI 0.587 - 21.835). Therefore, to lessen the prevalence of STHs among school-age children in Gresik, we recommend improving hygiene conditions in schools. The government should prioritize enrolling all primary schools in hygiene classes as the school health program.

A total of 40 fish samples of the twobar seabream, Acanthopagrus bifasciatus (Sparidae), were collected from January to June 2023 in the Arabian Gulf (Saudi Arabia). Fish samples were surveyed for ectoparasitic taxa. This study revealed the presence of one monogenetic species in A. bifasciatus gills. Parasitic prevalence and the mean value of intensity were 32.5% and 10, respectively. This parasite species has all the morphological characteristics of Polylabris, a genus erected by Euzet and Cauwet, 1967 (Microcotylidae), and mostly resembles Polylabris lingaoensis Tingbao, Kritsky, and Jun, 2007 on the presence of follicular testes ranging between 6-8, two rows of parallel microcotylid clamps in the haptoral structure with 35-45 per each, the conical form of the male copulatory organ, as well as the absence of genital armature. Molecular identification of this Polylabris species was conducted through sequencing of the partial nuclear large subunit (28S) of the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and the mitochondrial gene of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI). 28S rRNA genetic sequences were found to be conserved across several Polylabris spp., whereas, COI sequences were found to be more informative even with intraspecific variation. Therefore, the isolation of P. lingaoensis, provided herein, represents its first report on a marine sparid fish from Saudi Arabia. Furthermore, the reported sequences are also new genetic data for P. lingaoensis. Our findings will serve as the basis for any future study on monogeneans in Saudi waters.

Fasciolosis is a parasitic disease that affects both humans and animals. Due to parasitic resistance to chemical drugs, there has been a growing focus on studying the anthelmintic properties of plants. In vitro, studies were conducted on the ovicidal activity of ethanolic extracts of 29 plants against eggs of liver flukes from cattle. Plants were selected due to their availability and previous literature reports. Each plant's ethanolic extract was tested at a concentration of 20 % of the raw extract. The incubation period was 15 days at 28°C for all treated eggs, while control samples were treated with ethanol and water. Mortality levels of eggs ranged from 0 to 100 %. Moringa oleifera, Ananas comosus, and Foeniculum vulgare caused the highest mortality levels of 100 %, 100 %, and 90 %, respectively, followed by Cymbopogon nardus and Artemisia afra, which caused mortality levels of 62 % and 60 %, respectively. The plant extracts were then used in a concentration-response experiment using 5 %, 10 %, and 20 % extracts. Extracts from Moringa oleifera and Ananas comosus showed the highest ovicidal activity at the three concentrations, followed by F. vulgare, C. nardus, and A. afra. At the 5 % concentration, M. oleifera and A. comosus extracts were both ovicidal, with rates of 83 % and 80 %, respectively.

This is the report of mixed infection of an entomopathogenic nematode and a free-living bacteriophage nematode both invading Galleria mellonella larvae, apparently showing strong intraguild competition. The entomopathogenic nematodes isolated in this study were classified as Heterorhabditis kankabi n. sp., and Metarhabditis rainai through light and electronic microscopy, sequencing of ITS and 28S ribosomal DNA regions, and phylogenetic analyses. The bacteriophage nematode M. rainai was recognized as a facultative necromenic nematode, as it consumed the food resources obtained by entomopathogenic nematodes, directly affecting the life cycle of the later by stopping their development and forcing them to leave G. mellonella in search of new hosts.

Great cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo) are widespread piscivorous birds, which cause huge economic losses in the fish fauna worldwide. As a consequence of their predatory behaviour, they serve as definitive hosts for many digenean trematodes, and their digestive systems usually contain several parasite species. Between 2019 and 2022, 131 bird carcasses were collected from Biharugra (Hungary) as culling on the cormorant population. Their digestive systems were subjected to parasitological examination. The studied organs (131 intestines, 44 stomachs and 21 pharynxes) were opened, and their contents were settled in water, filtered, and sorted under microscope. For species identification, sequence analysis of the ITS region was performed. Of the 131 birds, 118 were infected by tapeworms or nematodes, 105 with trematodes, and 10 were parasite-free. The vast majority of obtained sequences (57 of the 105 trematodes) belonged to the genus Petasiger (43/57) and Hysteromorpha triloba (13/57). A single specimen of Metorchis sp. (1/57) as a zoonotic trematode was recorded during our survey. The results confirmed the high trematodes prevalence of the examined cormorants. However, most of them are not considered as human pathogens.

Morphological and metrical analyses of monogeneans from the gills of Antarctic rockcod Notothenia coriiceps revealed the presence of a new species, Pseudobenedeniella johnstoni sp. n. Fresh specimens of monogeneans collected from N. coriiceps from the vicinity of Galindez Island, Argentine Islands, West Antarctica were examined morphologically, by molecular analysis and Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA). The new species differs from Pseudobenedeniella branchialis Timofeeva, Gaevskaya, Kovaljova, 1987 by the different shapes of anterior and posterior hamuli, the presence of a pronounced sickle-shaped blade of the anterior hamulus and its characteristic wide (wing-like) shaft, serrated on one side, smaller posterior hamulus with a distinct short and broad shaft that widens and is serrated distally, more extensive dimensions of the penis and its pear-like shape, smaller vagina diameter, ovoid egg shape with more pointed anterior pole and blunt posterior pole and long coiled filament as well as different type species of the host in a geographically distant type locality. Genetic data accompanied the description, and phylogenetic analyses inferred that the new species clustered with monogenean species positioned under the family Capsalidae. Molecular data were generated for the 18S and 28S genes of the ribosomal RNA of P. johnstoni sp. n. to provide the first molecular analysis for Pseudobenedeniella species. EDXA for a species of Pseudobenedeniella was offered for the first time.

Diseases caused by intestinal parasites impose a substantial burden on the population of middle-income countries, including Pakistan. This research aimed to assess the risk factors for intestinal parasites in Malakand, Pakistan, school children. Three hundred sixty stool samples were collected from school children, of which 140 (39 %) tested positive for helminth, including taenids. The wet mount preparation in saline/iodine/methods was used for stool examination. The GraphPad Prism of version 5 was used to analyze the data, and the P value was considered significant when it was less than 0.05 % (at 95 % CI). Males were more infected at 40.7 % compared to female students at 33.3 %. (P>0.005 at 95 % CI). Among the helminth Ascaris lumbricoides was the most prevalent 30.71 % (n=43), taeniid species 22.85 % (n=32), Hookworms12.14 % (n=17), Hymenolepis nana 10 % (n=14), Enterobius vermicularis 7.85 % (n=1), Hymenolupis diminuta 6.42 % (n=9), and Trichuris trichiura 5.71 % (n=8) were reported. Age-wise prevalence was noted as the students aged 11 to 13 years were highly infected at 57.4 %, followed by 8 to 10 years at 48.8 %, while the least prevalence was noted in the age 5 to 7 years at 45.5 %. (P>0.005 at 95 % CI). Regarding the association of intestinal parasitic infection and nutritional status of the students, 53.0 % had 10 to 11 inches in diameter upper arm circumference, and 49.4 % had 8 to 9 inches in upper arm circumference (P>0.05). Information on the students' locality and intestinal parasitic infection shows that students in rural areas were more infected, 54.1 %, compared to urban areas, 41.1 % (P value is 0.023 at 95 % CI). Based on the pattern of infection, 19.44 % (n=70/360) were single, 10.5 % (n=38/360) double, 6.11 % (n=22/360), and 2.77 % (n=10/360) quadruple infections had been recorded. The symptoms were abdominal pain, constipation, nausea or vomiting, stomach pain, blotting, and Diarrhea appearing after the taeniid infection. We conclude that since deworming is insufficient to control parasitic illnesses, there is a need for widespread campaigns to raise awareness about children's health and hygiene, as well as the necessity for the creation of efficient poverty control programs.

Dirofilariasis is a zoonotic infection that humans acquire by the bite of infected mosquitoes. The male reproductive system is relatively rare affected by this disease. We presented a case of dirofilariasis of the scrotum from Bulgaria. The patient noticed a small painless nodule in his scrotum with no other pathological findings. The tumor-like lesion was surgically removed. Dirofilariasis was not suspected before this procedure, but the diagnosis was made on histological examination of the extracted tissue. Surgical removal of the helminth is the radical treatment of this disease. Dirofilariasis of the scrotum has a good prognosis as patients fully recover after the extraction of the parasite.