I. S. Moraes, R. M. P. Moreira, R. B. Duarte, L. S. Prates, B. S. Alves-Ribeiro, H. T. Ferraz, R. C. Pacheco, Í. A. Braga, K. C. Saturnino, D. G. S. Ramos
Summary Studying parasites in captive wild birds is vital for their health, well-being, biodiversity preservation, species conservation, and safeguarding of both individual birds and ecosystems. It holds significance for public health by identifying potential zoonotic risks. We aimed to describe the occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in captive wild birds from a Conservation Institute in Brazilian Cerrado biome. Fresh fecal samples were collected from 17 captive wild birds (Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus, Ara ararauna, Ara chloropterus, Ara macao, Megascops choliba, Pteroglossus castanotis, Ramphastos dicolorus, Ramphastos tucanus and Strix huhula) at a Conservation Institution in Mineiros, state of Goiás. The samples were processed for Willis’ simple flotation and Hoffman’s spontaneous sedimentation examinations to identify parasitic forms of gastrointestinal endoparasites. Macaw aviary birds (Ar. ararauna, Ar. chloropterus and Ar. macao) showed higher positivity, with all six fecal samples positive for helminths or protozoa. In contrast, captive toucans showed only two positive results (P. castanotis and R. dicolorus). An. hyacinthinus showed Ascarididae, Capillarinae and Trematoda eggs; whereas S. huhula had Ascarididae eggs. Regular parasitological examinations are essential for the timely detection and treatment of gastrointestinal infections in captive birds, thereby enhancing overall bird management.
{"title":"Gastrointestinal parasites in captive wild birds in Mineiros, Goiás, Brazil","authors":"I. S. Moraes, R. M. P. Moreira, R. B. Duarte, L. S. Prates, B. S. Alves-Ribeiro, H. T. Ferraz, R. C. Pacheco, Í. A. Braga, K. C. Saturnino, D. G. S. Ramos","doi":"10.2478/helm-2024-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2024-0019","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Studying parasites in captive wild birds is vital for their health, well-being, biodiversity preservation, species conservation, and safeguarding of both individual birds and ecosystems. It holds significance for public health by identifying potential zoonotic risks. We aimed to describe the occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in captive wild birds from a Conservation Institute in Brazilian Cerrado biome. Fresh fecal samples were collected from 17 captive wild birds (<jats:italic>Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Ara ararauna</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Ara chloropterus</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Ara macao</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Megascops choliba</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Pteroglossus castanotis</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Ramphastos dicolorus</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Ramphastos tucanus</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Strix huhula</jats:italic>) at a Conservation Institution in Mineiros, state of Goiás. The samples were processed for Willis’ simple flotation and Hoffman’s spontaneous sedimentation examinations to identify parasitic forms of gastrointestinal endoparasites. Macaw aviary birds (<jats:italic>Ar. ararauna</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Ar. chloropterus</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Ar. macao</jats:italic>) showed higher positivity, with all six fecal samples positive for helminths or protozoa. In contrast, captive toucans showed only two positive results (<jats:italic>P. castanotis</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>R. dicolorus</jats:italic>). <jats:italic>An. hyacinthinus</jats:italic> showed Ascarididae, Capillarinae and Trematoda eggs; whereas <jats:italic>S. huhula</jats:italic> had Ascarididae eggs. Regular parasitological examinations are essential for the timely detection and treatment of gastrointestinal infections in captive birds, thereby enhancing overall bird management.","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141741443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Alojayri, S. Al-Quraishy, E. Al-Shaebi, O. B. Mohammed, R. Abdel-Gaber
Summary Ectoparasites, particularly monogeneans, negatively affect fish health and growth. This study identified monogenean parasites in the twobar seabream, Acanthopagrus bifasciatus (Sparidae), inhabited the Arabian Gulf (Saudi Arabia). Following that, forty A. bifasciatus fish samples were visually examined for monogeneans. Parasite species were collected from the gills and then analyzed morphometrically, morphologically, and molecularly using the partial regions of the large subunit of ribosomal RNA (28S rRNA) and mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI) genes. Fish species were also identified using a DNA barcoding approach based on the COI gene. The monogenean species of Diclidophora merlangi (Diclidophoridae) were found in 45% of the fish species studied. The generic features of the Diclidophora genus distinguish this species. This species discriminated itself from congeners by having a muscular bulb with 17 grooved and recurved hooks, 218±10 (184–267) post-ovarian testes, and four pairs of pedunculated clamps of relative sizes. Partial 28S rRNA sequencing from monogeneans revealed that they grouped with members of the genus Diclidophora, forming a monophyletic group that supported the morphological descriptions. Molecular identification revealed that D. merlangi has a unique barcode made up of a COI sequence. The host identity was established as A. bifasciatus based on the COI gene sequences. Furthermore, a molecular phylogenetic study was performed to determine the phylogenetic affinity of parasite species and fish hosts. This study on Diclidophora species is considered the first record of this genus in the examined area.
摘要 体外寄生虫，尤其是单基因寄生虫，会对鱼类的健康和生长产生负面影响。本研究在栖息于阿拉伯湾（沙特阿拉伯）的双髻鲷（Acanthopagrus bifasciatus，Sparidae）中发现了单基因寄生虫。随后，目测了 40 个双髻鲷鱼样本，以确定是否存在单基因寄生虫。从鱼鳃中收集寄生虫种类，然后利用核糖体 RNA 大亚基（28S rRNA）和线粒体细胞色素 C 氧化酶亚基 I（COI）基因的部分区域进行形态、形态学和分子分析。还利用基于 COI 基因的 DNA 条形码方法鉴定了鱼类物种。在所研究的鱼类物种中，有 45% 发现了 Diclidophora merlangi（Diclidophoridae）的单属种。Diclidophora 属的一般特征使该物种与众不同。该鱼种与同属鱼种的区别在于其肌肉球体上有 17 个沟状和下弯的钩，218±10（184-267）个卵巢后睾丸，以及 4 对大小相对的有柄夹。部分 28S rRNA 测序结果显示，这些单系动物与双系动物组成了一个单系群，支持形态学描述。分子鉴定显示，D. merlangi 有一个由 COI 序列组成的独特条形码。根据 COI 基因序列，确定其宿主为 A. bifasciatus。此外，还进行了分子系统发育研究，以确定寄生虫物种与鱼类宿主的系统发育亲缘关系。这项关于双栉水母属的研究被认为是该地区对该属的首次记录。
{"title":"Morphological and genetic identification of the gill monogenean parasite (Diclidophora merlangi) that infects Twobar Seabream Fish (Acanthopagrus bifasciatus) in the Arabian Gulf, Saudi Arabia","authors":"G. Alojayri, S. Al-Quraishy, E. Al-Shaebi, O. B. Mohammed, R. Abdel-Gaber","doi":"10.2478/helm-2024-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2024-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Ectoparasites, particularly monogeneans, negatively affect fish health and growth. This study identified monogenean parasites in the twobar seabream, <jats:italic>Acanthopagrus bifasciatus</jats:italic> (Sparidae), inhabited the Arabian Gulf (Saudi Arabia). Following that, forty <jats:italic>A. bifasciatus</jats:italic> fish samples were visually examined for monogeneans. Parasite species were collected from the gills and then analyzed morphometrically, morphologically, and molecularly using the partial regions of the large subunit of ribosomal RNA (28S rRNA) and mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI) genes. Fish species were also identified using a DNA barcoding approach based on the COI gene. The monogenean species of <jats:italic>Diclidophora merlangi</jats:italic> (Diclidophoridae) were found in 45% of the fish species studied. The generic features of the <jats:italic>Diclidophora</jats:italic> genus distinguish this species. This species discriminated itself from congeners by having a muscular bulb with 17 grooved and recurved hooks, 218±10 (184–267) post-ovarian testes, and four pairs of pedunculated clamps of relative sizes. Partial 28S rRNA sequencing from monogeneans revealed that they grouped with members of the genus <jats:italic>Diclidophora</jats:italic>, forming a monophyletic group that supported the morphological descriptions. Molecular identification revealed that <jats:italic>D. merlangi</jats:italic> has a unique barcode made up of a COI sequence. The host identity was established as <jats:italic>A. bifasciatus</jats:italic> based on the COI gene sequences. Furthermore, a molecular phylogenetic study was performed to determine the phylogenetic affinity of parasite species and fish hosts. This study on <jats:italic>Diclidophora</jats:italic> species is considered the first record of this genus in the examined area.","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141741445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. H. Albayati, A. M. Al Khafaji, H. Al-Karagoly, A. Kamel
Summary The camel has played a role in human civilization since its inception and holds significant importance in the customs and agricultural practices of various nations. This study examined the prevalence of internal parasitic infestations in camels within the Al-Diwaniyah and Al-Najaf provinces of Iraq from December 2021 to September 2022. A total of 200 fecal samples were randomly collected from farm camels, revealing that these animals were affected by one or more types of intestinal parasites. Nematodes exhibited the highest prevalence at 56 %, followed by Protozoa at 28.5 %, Cestodes at 14.5 %, and Trematodes at 1 %. Among these parasites, Trichostrongylus spp. had the highest percentage at 33 %, followed by Moneizia benedeni (12.5 %), Fasciola hepatica (10.5 %), Strongyloides spp. (8 %), Giardia spp. (7 %), Nematodirus spp. (6 %), and Eimeria spp. (6 %). Furthermore, mixed-species or single-species infections in camels were observed, including Anoplcephala perfoliata (4 %), Haemonchus spp. (3.5 %), Dictyocaulus spp. (3 %), Trichuris trichura (2.5 %), Entamoeba spp. (2 %), and Balantidium coli (1 %). Additionally, nested PCR was employed to identify Trichostrongylus spp., with 45.4 % of camels testing positive for this particular parasite.
{"title":"Microscopic examination of internal parasites in Iraqi camels (Camelus dromedarius) with molecular focus on Trichostrongylus spp.","authors":"H. H. Albayati, A. M. Al Khafaji, H. Al-Karagoly, A. Kamel","doi":"10.2478/helm-2024-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2024-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The camel has played a role in human civilization since its inception and holds significant importance in the customs and agricultural practices of various nations. This study examined the prevalence of internal parasitic infestations in camels within the Al-Diwaniyah and Al-Najaf provinces of Iraq from December 2021 to September 2022. A total of 200 fecal samples were randomly collected from farm camels, revealing that these animals were affected by one or more types of intestinal parasites. <jats:italic>Nematodes</jats:italic> exhibited the highest prevalence at 56 %, followed by <jats:italic>Protozoa</jats:italic> at 28.5 %, <jats:italic>Cestodes</jats:italic> at 14.5 %, and <jats:italic>Trematodes</jats:italic> at 1 %. Among these parasites, <jats:italic>Trichostrongylus spp</jats:italic>. had the highest percentage at 33 %, followed by <jats:italic>Moneizia benedeni</jats:italic> (12.5 %), <jats:italic>Fasciola hepatica</jats:italic> (10.5 %), <jats:italic>Strongyloides spp</jats:italic>. (8 %), <jats:italic>Giardia spp</jats:italic>. (7 %), <jats:italic>Nematodirus spp</jats:italic>. (6 %), and <jats:italic>Eimeria spp</jats:italic>. (6 %). Furthermore, mixed-species or single-species infections in camels were observed, including <jats:italic>Anoplcephala perfoliata</jats:italic> (4 %), <jats:italic>Haemonchus spp</jats:italic>. (3.5 %), <jats:italic>Dictyocaulus spp</jats:italic>. (3 %), <jats:italic>Trichuris trichura</jats:italic> (2.5 %), <jats:italic>Entamoeba spp</jats:italic>. (2 %), and <jats:italic>Balantidium coli</jats:italic> (1 %). Additionally, nested PCR was employed to identify <jats:italic>Trichostrongylus spp</jats:italic>., with 45.4 % of camels testing positive for this particular parasite.","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141741447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. M. El-Siefy, M. H. Ibraheem, S. G. Abd El-Kareem
Summary In Acanthocephala, the ovarian balls (floating ovaries) are distinctive structures found suspended in the fluid-filled metasoma of females and are responsible for egg production and maturation. Those structures have not been studied in Rhadinorhynchus niloticus. We aimed to investigate their ultra-structure by means of scanning and transmission electron microscopy. A total of 30 Lates niloticus fish individuals were collected by fishermen from the River Nile, Egypt, and the isolated adult female specimens were processed for electron microscopy studies. The ovarian balls are elongated and lobulated structures freely scattered in the metasoma. They exhibited three distinct primary structural zones, a central oogonial syncytium, a peripheral cellular zone and a surrounding somatic supporting syncytium. The oogonia, within the central syncytium, give rise to developing oocytes that transform into mature oocytes. The latter enclose some inclusions such as large yolk granules and smaller egg-shell granules. We also describe the process of fertilization within the ovarian ball. The structure of the ovarian ball and the steps of fertilization in R. niloticus are described, for the first time, in the present study.
{"title":"Ovarian balls (Floating ovaries) of Rhadinorhynchus niloticus Mohamadain, 1989 from the Nile perch Lates niloticus Linnaeus, 1758; an electron microscope study","authors":"A. M. El-Siefy, M. H. Ibraheem, S. G. Abd El-Kareem","doi":"10.2478/helm-2024-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2024-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Summary In Acanthocephala, the ovarian balls (floating ovaries) are distinctive structures found suspended in the fluid-filled metasoma of females and are responsible for egg production and maturation. Those structures have not been studied in <jats:italic>Rhadinorhynchus niloticus</jats:italic>. We aimed to investigate their ultra-structure by means of scanning and transmission electron microscopy. A total of 30 <jats:italic>Lates niloticus</jats:italic> fish individuals were collected by fishermen from the River Nile, Egypt, and the isolated adult female specimens were processed for electron microscopy studies. The ovarian balls are elongated and lobulated structures freely scattered in the metasoma. They exhibited three distinct primary structural zones, a central oogonial syncytium, a peripheral cellular zone and a surrounding somatic supporting syncytium. The oogonia, within the central syncytium, give rise to developing oocytes that transform into mature oocytes. The latter enclose some inclusions such as large yolk granules and smaller egg-shell granules. We also describe the process of fertilization within the ovarian ball. The structure of the ovarian ball and the steps of fertilization in <jats:italic>R. niloticus</jats:italic> are described, for the first time, in the present study.","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141741448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. A. El Saftawy, B. E. Aboulhoda, F. E. Hassan, M. A. M. Ismail, M. A. Alghamdi, S. M. Hussein, N. M. Amin
Summary The current study assessed the efficacy of Acyclovir (ACV) and Ivermectin (IVM) as monotherapies and combined treatments for intestinal and muscular stages of Trichinella spiralis infection. One-hundred Swiss albino mice received orally 250 ± 50 infectious larvae and were divided into infected-untreated (Group-1), IVM-treated (Group-2), ACV-treated (Group-3), combined IVM+ACV (Group-4), and healthy controls (Group-5). Each group was subdivided into subgroup-A-enteric phase (10 mice, sacrificed day-7 p.i.) and subgroup-B-muscular phase (10 mice, sacrificed day-35 p.i.). Survival rate and body weight were recorded. Parasite burden and intestinal histopathology were assessed. In addition, immunohistochemical expression of epithelial CDX2 in the intestinal phase and CyclinD1 as well as CD34 in the muscular phase were evaluated. Compared, IVM and ACV monotherapies showed insignificant differences in the amelioration of enteric histopathology, except for lymphocytic counts. In the muscle phase, monotherapies showed variable disruptions in the encapsulated larvae. Compared with monotherapies, the combined treatment performed relatively better improvement of intestinal inflammation and reduction in the enteric and muscular parasite burden. CDX2 and CyclinD1 positively correlated with intestinal inflammation and parasite burden, while CD34 showed a negative correlation. CDX2 positively correlated with CyclinD1. CD34 negatively correlated with CDX2 and CyclinD1. IVM +ACV significantly ameliorated CDX2, CyclinD1, and CD34 expressions compared with monotherapies. Conclusion. T. spiralis infection-associated inflammation induced CDX2 and CyclinD1 expressions, whereas CD34 was reduced. The molecular tumorigenic effect of the nematode remains questionable. Nevertheless, IVM +ACV appeared to be a promising anthelminthic anti-inflammatory combination that, in parallel, rectified CDX2, CyclinD1, and CD34 expressions.
{"title":"ACV with/without IVM: a new talk on intestinal CDX2 and muscular CD34 and Cyclin D1 during Trichinella spiralis infection","authors":"E. A. El Saftawy, B. E. Aboulhoda, F. E. Hassan, M. A. M. Ismail, M. A. Alghamdi, S. M. Hussein, N. M. Amin","doi":"10.2478/helm-2024-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2024-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The current study assessed the efficacy of Acyclovir (ACV) and Ivermectin (IVM) as monotherapies and combined treatments for intestinal and muscular stages of <jats:italic>Trichinella</jats:italic> spiralis infection. One-hundred Swiss albino mice received orally 250 ± 50 infectious larvae and were divided into infected-untreated (Group-1), IVM-treated (Group-2), ACV-treated (Group-3), combined IVM+ACV (Group-4), and healthy controls (Group-5). Each group was subdivided into subgroup-A-enteric phase (10 mice, sacrificed day-7 p.i.) and subgroup-B-muscular phase (10 mice, sacrificed day-35 p.i.). Survival rate and body weight were recorded. Parasite burden and intestinal histopathology were assessed. In addition, immunohistochemical expression of epithelial CDX2 in the intestinal phase and CyclinD1 as well as CD34 in the muscular phase were evaluated. Compared, IVM and ACV monotherapies showed insignificant differences in the amelioration of enteric histopathology, except for lymphocytic counts. In the muscle phase, monotherapies showed variable disruptions in the encapsulated larvae. Compared with monotherapies, the combined treatment performed relatively better improvement of intestinal inflammation and reduction in the enteric and muscular parasite burden. CDX2 and CyclinD1 positively correlated with intestinal inflammation and parasite burden, while CD34 showed a negative correlation. CDX2 positively correlated with CyclinD1. CD34 negatively correlated with CDX2 and CyclinD1. IVM +ACV significantly ameliorated CDX2, CyclinD1, and CD34 expressions compared with monotherapies. Conclusion. <jats:italic>T. spiralis</jats:italic> infection-associated inflammation induced CDX2 and CyclinD1 expressions, whereas CD34 was reduced. The molecular tumorigenic effect of the nematode remains questionable. Nevertheless, IVM +ACV appeared to be a promising anthelminthic anti-inflammatory combination that, in parallel, rectified CDX2, CyclinD1, and CD34 expressions.","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141741449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. A. J. Duco, G. G. Villancio, V. G. V. Paller, P. A. Alviola
Summary Bats are often associated with several zoonotic diseases, including helminth infections. Despite their potential detrimental effects on both human and bat populations, information on helminth parasites of Philippine bats remains scarce. Here, we identify gastrointestinal helminths parasitizing bats collected from a cave complex in Cavinti, Laguna Province, Philippines, determine their prevalence (P) and mean intensity (MI), and investigate relationship of helminth prevalence and intensity with bat host characteristics including sex, diet, age, and roosting habit. We isolated 581 individuals of helminths representing six taxa (three trematodes, two nematodes, one cestode) from the gastrointestinal tract of sampled bats. Helminths were observed in 82 out of 172 bats captured (P = 47.67%), with Miniopteruspaululus having the highest infection rate (P = 91.3%) and highest MI (18 ± 4.5/infected bat). Helminths parasitizing endemic bat species from the Philippines, such as Rhinolophus rufus, Rhinolophus inops, Hipposideros pygmaeus, and Ptenochirus jagori were reported here for the first time. We provide new host records for other helminth species and report the presence of two parasites, Plagiorchis sp. and Toxocara sp., known for their zoonotic potential. These data will contribute to efforts in identifying parasites and diseases harbored by bats in the country and develop additional conservation measures for bats.
{"title":"Gastrointestinal parasitic helminths of bats from a cave in Luzon Island, Philippines","authors":"R. A. J. Duco, G. G. Villancio, V. G. V. Paller, P. A. Alviola","doi":"10.2478/helm-2024-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2024-0016","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Bats are often associated with several zoonotic diseases, including helminth infections. Despite their potential detrimental effects on both human and bat populations, information on helminth parasites of Philippine bats remains scarce. Here, we identify gastrointestinal helminths parasitizing bats collected from a cave complex in Cavinti, Laguna Province, Philippines, determine their prevalence (P) and mean intensity (MI), and investigate relationship of helminth prevalence and intensity with bat host characteristics including sex, diet, age, and roosting habit. We isolated 581 individuals of helminths representing six taxa (three trematodes, two nematodes, one cestode) from the gastrointestinal tract of sampled bats. Helminths were observed in 82 out of 172 bats captured (P = 47.67%), with <jats:italic>Miniopteruspaululus</jats:italic> having the highest infection rate (P = 91.3%) and highest MI (18 ± 4.5/infected bat). Helminths parasitizing endemic bat species from the Philippines, such as <jats:italic>Rhinolophus rufus</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Rhinolophus inops</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Hipposideros pygmaeus</jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Ptenochirus jagori</jats:italic> were reported here for the first time. We provide new host records for other helminth species and report the presence of two parasites, <jats:italic>Plagiorchis</jats:italic> sp. and <jats:italic>Toxocara</jats:italic> sp., known for their zoonotic potential. These data will contribute to efforts in identifying parasites and diseases harbored by bats in the country and develop additional conservation measures for bats.","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141741444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. A. Aldamigh, A. A. Alahmadi, I. M. Al-Turaiki, A. H. Hassan
Summary Ascaridia species are the most common nematodes infecting pigeons. The current study investigated specific identity of nematode parasites collected from domestic pigeons (Columba livia domestica) in Al-Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia. Out of 354 pigeons, 13.3 % were infected with nematode parasites. The morphological structure and genetic relationship of nematode worms were studied using conventional methods (Light and scanning electron microscopes) coupled with the newly introduced molecular method. Microscopical and ultrastructure observations showed that the present nematode worms belong to the genus Ascaridia and have all the characteristic features of Ascaridia columbae. Moreover, Random Amplifier morphometric (RAPD) PCR analysis revealed that the present A. columbae had a close identity of up to 98.3 % to Ascaridia columbae JX624729 for Cox-1 gene regions, and up to 98.3 % to Ascaridia nymphii LC057210, and Ascaridia galli EF180058 for ITS1-5.8s- ITS2 rDNA gene regions. Phylogenetic analysis supported the placement of this Ascaridia species within Ascaridiidae family with close relationships to other nematode species obtained from GenBank. Finally, our study recommends using molecular analysis in helminths identification as the main methodology for correct identification especially in closely related species.
{"title":"Morphological, ultrastructural, and phylogenetic analysis of Ascaridia columbae infecting domestic pigeons (Columba livia domestica)","authors":"M. A. Aldamigh, A. A. Alahmadi, I. M. Al-Turaiki, A. H. Hassan","doi":"10.2478/helm-2024-0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2024-0018","url":null,"abstract":"Summary <jats:italic>Ascaridia</jats:italic> species are the most common nematodes infecting pigeons. The current study investigated specific identity of nematode parasites collected from domestic pigeons (<jats:italic>Columba livia domestica</jats:italic>) in Al-Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia. Out of 354 pigeons, 13.3 % were infected with nematode parasites. The morphological structure and genetic relationship of nematode worms were studied using conventional methods (Light and scanning electron microscopes) coupled with the newly introduced molecular method. Microscopical and ultrastructure observations showed that the present nematode worms belong to the genus <jats:italic>Ascaridia</jats:italic> and have all the characteristic features of <jats:italic>Ascaridia columbae</jats:italic>. Moreover, Random Amplifier morphometric (RAPD) PCR analysis revealed that the present <jats:italic>A. columbae</jats:italic> had a close identity of up to 98.3 % to <jats:italic>Ascaridia columbae</jats:italic> JX624729 for Cox-1 gene regions, and up to 98.3 % to <jats:italic>Ascaridia nymphii</jats:italic> LC057210, and <jats:italic>Ascaridia galli</jats:italic> EF180058 for ITS1-5.8s- ITS2 rDNA gene regions. Phylogenetic analysis supported the placement of this <jats:italic>Ascaridia</jats:italic> species within Ascaridiidae family with close relationships to other nematode species obtained from GenBank. Finally, our study recommends using molecular analysis in helminths identification as the main methodology for correct identification especially in closely related species.","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141741242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. M. Giallombardo, F. R. Carvallo-Chaigneau, M. S. Todd, D. W. Brown, R. Ramirez-Barrios
Summary A 2-year-old Kunekune sow was submitted for necropsy following death after peritonitis and sepsis. In addition to peritonitis, numerous fluid-filled cysts were identified in the mesentery and hepatic parenchyma, which contained an approximately 1 cm metacestode (cysticercosis). Subsequent molecular characterization confirmed the presence of Taenia hydatigena, a non-zoonotic cestode species. To our knowledge, visceral cysticercosis caused by T. hydatigena has not been previously documented in Kunekune pigs. Taenia solium is a differential diagnosis of public health importance in cases of cysticercosis. Although Taenia solium is not commonly reported nor endemic in the United States, its zoonotic potential warrants consideration in the initial diagnostic assessment. Clinicians should be aware of the presence of T. hydatigena in its definitive and intermediate hosts.
摘要 一头两岁大的库内库纳母猪在腹膜炎和败血症后死亡，被送去进行尸体解剖。除了腹膜炎外，还在肠系膜和肝实质中发现了许多充满液体的囊肿，囊肿内有一条约 1 厘米长的元绦虫（囊虫病）。随后进行的分子鉴定证实了体内存在一种非寄生虫的绦虫物种--水蛭（Taenia hydatigena）。据我们所知，以前从未在国une 猪身上发现过由 T. hydatigena 引起的内脏囊尾蚴病。在囊尾蚴病的病例中，疟原虫是一种具有公共卫生重要性的鉴别诊断方法。虽然在美国，疟原虫并不常见，也不流行，但在初步诊断评估时，仍应考虑到它的人畜共患可能性。临床医生应注意在其最终宿主和中间宿主中是否存在水蚤。
{"title":"Visceral cysticercosis in a Kunekune sow: description and molecular identification of Taenia hydatigena","authors":"G. M. Giallombardo, F. R. Carvallo-Chaigneau, M. S. Todd, D. W. Brown, R. Ramirez-Barrios","doi":"10.2478/helm-2024-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2024-0017","url":null,"abstract":"Summary A 2-year-old Kunekune sow was submitted for necropsy following death after peritonitis and sepsis. In addition to peritonitis, numerous fluid-filled cysts were identified in the mesentery and hepatic parenchyma, which contained an approximately 1 cm metacestode (cysticercosis). Subsequent molecular characterization confirmed the presence of <jats:italic>Taenia hydatigena,</jats:italic> a non-zoonotic cestode species. To our knowledge, visceral cysticercosis caused by <jats:italic>T. hydatigena</jats:italic> has not been previously documented in Kunekune pigs. <jats:italic>Taenia solium</jats:italic> is a differential diagnosis of public health importance in cases of cysticercosis. Although <jats:italic>Taenia solium</jats:italic> is not commonly reported nor endemic in the United States, its zoonotic potential warrants consideration in the initial diagnostic assessment. Clinicians should be aware of the presence of <jats:italic>T. hydatigena</jats:italic> in its definitive and intermediate hosts.","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141741450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. F. Sebasteena, C. K. Deepa, A. Varghese, K. G. Ajith Kumar, A. Joy, A. Iype, A. Rajappan, G. Chandy, R. Ravindran
Summary Bertiella spp. is a mite-borne cestode parasite that inhabits the small intestine of wide range of mammals, including non-human primates. In the present study, the morphological and molecular analysis of Bertiella studeri recovered from the small intestine of a bonnet macaque (Macaca radiata) from Wayanad, Kerala (South India) was performed. Acetic alum carmine staining identified the cestode morphologically based on the characters like broader proglottids, which contain irregularly alternating genital pores, single set of reproductive organs, 280 testes and a tubular transverse uterus. Molecular characterization was done using 18SrRNA, ITS1-5.8S and COX1 genes. Phylogenetic trees were constructed using MEGA X based on the Maximum Likelihood (ML) method (Hasegawa-Kishino-Yano (HKY) model). Cytochrome oxidase I gene could detect the existence of genetic variation in the parasite from two different hosts viz., monkey (Kerala, Argentina, and Kenya) and human (Sri Lanka). A minimum spanning network of haplotypes was generated by the haplotype networking with the above sequences using the popARTv1.7. Haplotype analysis based on COX1 revealed that the parasite haplotype was different in each country with highest population frequency in Sri Lanka.
摘要 Bertiella spp.是一种螨媒绦虫寄生虫，栖息于包括非人灵长类动物在内的多种哺乳动物的小肠中。本研究对从喀拉拉邦（南印度）瓦尼亚德的倭帽猕猴（Macaca radiata）小肠中发现的 Bertiella studeri 进行了形态学和分子分析。醋矾胭脂红染色鉴定了该绦虫的形态特征，如较宽的前鞭毛，其中包含不规则交替的生殖孔，单套生殖器官，280 个睾丸和一个管状横向子宫。利用 18SrRNA、ITS1-5.8S 和 COX1 基因进行了分子鉴定。使用 MEGA X 基于最大似然法（ML）（长谷川-岸野（HKY）模型）构建了系统发生树。细胞色素氧化酶 I 基因可以检测到寄生虫在两种不同宿主（即猴子（喀拉拉邦、阿根廷和肯尼亚）和人类（斯里兰卡））中存在的遗传变异。基于 COX1 的单倍型分析表明，寄生虫的单倍型在每个国家都不同，其中斯里兰卡的群体频率最高。
{"title":"Molecular characterization of Bertiella studeri infecting a primate in South India","authors":"P. F. Sebasteena, C. K. Deepa, A. Varghese, K. G. Ajith Kumar, A. Joy, A. Iype, A. Rajappan, G. Chandy, R. Ravindran","doi":"10.2478/helm-2024-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2024-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Summary <jats:italic>Bertiella</jats:italic> spp. is a mite-borne cestode parasite that inhabits the small intestine of wide range of mammals, including non-human primates. In the present study, the morphological and molecular analysis of <jats:italic>Bertiella studeri</jats:italic> recovered from the small intestine of a bonnet macaque (<jats:italic>Macaca radiata</jats:italic>) from Wayanad, Kerala (South India) was performed. Acetic alum carmine staining identified the cestode morphologically based on the characters like broader proglottids, which contain irregularly alternating genital pores, single set of reproductive organs, 280 testes and a tubular transverse uterus. Molecular characterization was done using 18SrRNA, ITS1-5.8S and COX1 genes. Phylogenetic trees were constructed using MEGA X based on the Maximum Likelihood (ML) method (Hasegawa-Kishino-Yano (HKY) model). Cytochrome oxidase I gene could detect the existence of genetic variation in the parasite from two different hosts viz., monkey (Kerala, Argentina, and Kenya) and human (Sri Lanka). A minimum spanning network of haplotypes was generated by the haplotype networking with the above sequences using the popARTv1.7. Haplotype analysis based on COX1 revealed that the parasite haplotype was different in each country with highest population frequency in Sri Lanka.","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141741442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. H. Caña-Bozada, C. Ovando-Vázquez, L. C. Flores-Méndez, J. M. Martínez-Brown, F. N. Morales-Serna
Summary Protein kinases are enzymes involved in essential biological processes such as signal transduction, transcription, metabolism, and the cell cycle. Human kinases are targets for several drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. Therefore, the identification and classification of kinases in other organisms, including pathogenic parasites, is an interesting subject of study. Monogeneans are platyhelminths, mainly ectoparasites, capable of causing health problems in farmed fish. Although some genomes and transcriptomes are available for monogenean species, their full repertoire of kinases is unknown. The aim of this study was to identify and classify the putative kinases in the transcriptomes of two monogeneans, Rhabdosynochus viridisi and Scutogyrus longicornis, and then to predict potential monogenean drug targets (MDTs) and selective inhibitor drugs using computational approaches. Monogenean kinases having orthologs in the lethal phenotype of C. elegans but not in fish or humans were considered MDTs. A total of 160 and 193 kinases were identified in R. viridisi and S. longicornis, respectively. Of these, 22 kinases, belonging mainly to the major groups CAMK, AGC, and TK, were classified as MDTs, five of which were evaluated further. Molecular docking analysis indicated that dihydroergotamine, ergotamine, and lomitapide have the highest affinity for the kinases BRSK and MEKK1. These well-known drugs could be evaluated in future studies for potential repurposing as anti-monogenean agents. The present study contributes valuable data for the development of new antiparasitic candidates for finfish aquaculture.
{"title":"Identifying potential drug targets in the kinomes of two monogenean species","authors":"V. H. Caña-Bozada, C. Ovando-Vázquez, L. C. Flores-Méndez, J. M. Martínez-Brown, F. N. Morales-Serna","doi":"10.2478/helm-2024-0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2024-0020","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Protein kinases are enzymes involved in essential biological processes such as signal transduction, transcription, metabolism, and the cell cycle. Human kinases are targets for several drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. Therefore, the identification and classification of kinases in other organisms, including pathogenic parasites, is an interesting subject of study. Monogeneans are platyhelminths, mainly ectoparasites, capable of causing health problems in farmed fish. Although some genomes and transcriptomes are available for monogenean species, their full repertoire of kinases is unknown. The aim of this study was to identify and classify the putative kinases in the transcriptomes of two monogeneans, <jats:italic>Rhabdosynochus viridisi</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Scutogyrus longicornis</jats:italic>, and then to predict potential monogenean drug targets (MDTs) and selective inhibitor drugs using computational approaches. Monogenean kinases having orthologs in the lethal phenotype of <jats:italic>C. elegans</jats:italic> but not in fish or humans were considered MDTs. A total of 160 and 193 kinases were identified in <jats:italic>R. viridisi</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>S. longicornis</jats:italic>, respectively. Of these, 22 kinases, belonging mainly to the major groups CAMK, AGC, and TK, were classified as MDTs, five of which were evaluated further. Molecular docking analysis indicated that dihydroergotamine, ergotamine, and lomitapide have the highest affinity for the kinases BRSK and MEKK1. These well-known drugs could be evaluated in future studies for potential repurposing as anti-monogenean agents. The present study contributes valuable data for the development of new antiparasitic candidates for finfish aquaculture.","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141741446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：