Helminthologia最新文献

In Europe, red deer and fallow deer are the defi nitive hosts for the non-native fl uke Fascioloides magna. Upon entering the host, a juvenile fl uke emerges from the metacercariae and travels through the abdominal cavity in search of the liver. The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of F. magna pseudocysts in the livers of red deer and fallow deer, and to investigate whether this distribution varies within the livers according to host species and the severity of infection. In this study, 143 red deer livers and 178 fallow deer livers were collected. Livers were divided into three sections (observed from the diaphragm side): left containing the lobus hepatis sinister, middle containing the lobus caudatus and lobus quadratus, and right one containing the lobus hepatis dexter. Sections were sliced to a 2 cm thickness and analysed. A signifi cantly higher number of pseudocysts was found in the middle section of the liver compared to the left or right sections, while no differences were found between the left and right sections. The odds ratio indicates a 7 times (red deer) and 3.7 times (fallow deer) higher probability of pseudocysts being present in the middle section compared to the left section, or 10 and 3.8 times, respectively, compared to the right section. Red deer livers generally harboured more pseudocysts than fallow deer livers in all sections. Both species exhibited a similar pattern of pseudocyst distribution in the liver, with the middle section appearing to be the most suitable site for pseudocyst localization due to the abundance of blood vessels and bile duct terminations. No relationship was found between the severity of infection and pseudocyst distribution.

The prolonged use of anthelmintics is sometimes accompanied by a gradual decline in their effectiveness, refl ecting the development of resistant parasite strains. This study was conducted in the region of Guelma (northeastern Algeria) at the end of July and throughout August 2018 to investigate the sensitivity (or resistance) of sheep gastrointestinal nematodes to three anthelmintic products used in the Algerian fi eld. The sheepfold comprises 45 ewes of the Ouled-Djellal breed. The data showed that after treatment with anthelmintics, a signifi cant decrease in gastrointestinal nematode eggs per gram of feces (EPG) was observed in all groups. Resistance and sensitivity were observed in all groups studied. In group 1 (AL-Bendazol 2.5 %: albendazole), sensitivity Faecal Egg Count Reduction (FECR > 95 %) was noted in 2 out of 15 ewes (13 %), while resistance (FECR<95 %) was observed in 13 subjects (86.67 %). In the second group (Valbazen: albendazole), the numbers of cases in sensitivity and resistance were around 5 (33 %) and 10 (67 %), respectively. Group 3 (OXFENIL^® 2.265 %) revealed 2 (13 %) cases of sensitivity to oxfendazole and 13 resistance cases (86.67 %). No signifi cant difference was noted in the obtained results (sensitivity and resistance) between the three groups.

Cystic echinococcosis (CE), an endemic zoonotic disease in Turkiye, is caused by the helminth Echinococcus granulosus. It has threatened the livestock industry and is of major medical and socio-economic importance to humans. Surgery is still the main practice of treatment, despite the risk of relapses and several adverse effects. Due to their minimal side effects, herbal products have been widely used for thousands of years to treat various infections. The present study was designed to investigate the in vitro protoscolicidal effect of extracts from Hypericum perforatum, Thymus vulgaris, Pimenta racemosa, and Mentha piperita against hydatid cyst protoscoleces. The livers and lungs of the sheep were obtained from a private abattoir, and the protoscoleces were collected under sterile conditions. The fi nal herbal products were extracted using the aqueous extraction method. Different concentrations of herbal extracts (50, 100, and 150 mg/ml) were tested on Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces, following different times of incubation (5, 10, and 60 min). The viability of the protoscoleces was assessed by a 0.1 % eosin staining method. Extracts of H. perforatum, T. vulgaris, and P. racemosa exhibited a statistically signifi cant effect on protoscoleces mortality (P<0.001) when compared with the negative control. The present experimental study indicated that aqueous extracts of H. perforatum, T. vulgaris, and P. racemosa could be potential candidates as valuable and useful sources of protoscolicidal agents for CE.

Wild animals are mostly kept for recreational purposes in zoos and parks. Health-related issues faced by these enclosure animals. The GIT (gastrointestinal tract) of an animal is affected by parasitic infections. The current study was conducted to fi nd out the prevalence and diversity of GI parasites of wild animals enclosed in the different parks and zoos of Lahore. Fresh faecal samples (n=110) of captive ungulate species were collected from Lahore Zoo (n=55), Jallo Park (n=35) and the woodland wildlife park (n=20). Samples obtained from captive ungulates include 23 from black buck, 24 from moufl on sheep, 30 from hog deer, 13 from nilgai and 20 from urial. Methods such as the fl otation concentration technique, the sedimentation technique and the faecal egg count per gram were used to analyze the diversity of endoparasites in faecal samples. Parasitological analyses detect 10 parasites in the faecal sample. Kruskal-Wallis Post Hoc statistical test was used to compare the prevalence of the specifi ed parasitic species among different captive ungulates. The results show that individuals of lower age are more susceptible to infections. The overall diversity of GI parasitic infections in captive ungulates was 77.25 %. Survivability of captive ungulates could be affected by the prevalence of parasitic species. These fi ndings can be used to develop effective health protocols for captive ungulates, thereby reducing the severe consequences of GI parasitic infections in captive wild animals.

The primary objective of this study is to describe and analyze the digenean fauna of the greater amberjack, Seriola dumerili, in Algeria. To achieve this, a total of 121 specimens of S. dumerili were collected from fi sheries and fi shing ports in different regions off the Algerian coastline. One hundred-eight specimens of S. dumerili were found to be infested, and 7,959 specimens of digenean were collected. Five species belonging to three families were identifi ed. The species involved are Lecithocladium excisum, Parahemiurus merus, Tormopsolus orientalis, Stephanostomum euzeti and Bucephalus gorgon. Tormopsolus orientalis and B. gorgon were recorded for the fi rst time off the Algerian waters. S. euzeti was described for the second time, based on adult worms, since its original description. As for L. excisum, S. dumerili represents a new host record. The data analysis indicated that B. gorgon had the highest values of prevalence (85.95 %), mean abundance (64) and mean intensity (74.46), qualifying it as a core species. Spearman's correlation test revealed a strong positive correlation between the mean abundance and the mean intensity of S. euzeti, as well as the size of the host. These results provide new insights into the digenean fauna of the greater amberjack, thereby enhancing our understanding of parasitic helminths in teleost fi shes along the Algerian coastline.

Rodent and their parasites serve as a reliable indicator of ecosystem health, which is critical in determining the structure of ecological communities. Therefore, gaining a thorough comprehension of the diversity of intestinal parasites and the factors infl uencing their interaction is of primary importance. This study assesses the diversity of gastrointestinal parasites in wild rodents in Lebanon. Two thousand fi ve hundred trapping nights were carried out in fi ve Himas in Lebanon during the spring and fall of 2022. A total of 205 rodents, including Apodemus mystacinus, Apodemus flavicollis, Apodemus hermonensis, Microtus guentheri, Rattus rattus, and Mus musculus, were trapped and examined for intestinal parasites. Nine intestinal parasites were isolated, including one cestode species, Hymenolepis diminuta (11.7 %), and eight nematodes: Ascaris lumbricoides (31.7 %), Trichuris muris (7.8 %), Aspiculuris tetraptera (7.3 %), Heligmosomoides polygyrus (6.8 %), Syphacia muris (3.9 %), Syphacia obvelata (3.4 %), Capillaria spp. (2.4 %), and Physaloptera spp (0.5 %). The species and gender did not infl uence the number of rodents infected with these parasites. However, the season impacted the number of rodents infected with A. lumbricoides, T. muris, and S. muris. Infection of rodents with H. diminuta and A. lumbricoides was infl uenced by the site of trapping. Among the collected parasites, A. lumbricoides, H. diminuta, and Syphacia obvelata are considered zoonotic. This study showed that preserving parasite-host dynamics and biological cycles depends heavily on environmental stability. This project will further advance the understanding of rodent parasites and support future studies on endoparasites in Lebanon and the region.

Parasitic diseases are a major challenge for livestock in warm climates, causing significant economic losses, particularly in young animals. Gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) are highly prevalent, prompting us to investigate factors affecting the prevalence of endoparasites in pre-weaning calves in a warm, humid climate in Mexico. Fecal samples were analyzed to assess fecal egg count (FEC) dynamics and endoparasite prevalence. The prevalence of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica and paramphistomids) was determined on 12 beef cattle farms in the rainy season from May to September 2022 and July to November 2023. Nematode prevalence was monitored on four farms during 2022 and 2023. In addition, on one farm, the FEC was compared between dewormed and untreated groups. Coprocultures were conducted to obtain third-stage larvae for species identification based on morphology. The prevalence of F. hepatica was 12 % (77/640), while paramphistomids had a prevalence of 20.5 % (131/640). Trichostrongylids showed a prevalence exceeding 30 %, with maximum values reaching 93 %. The predominant species identified from coprocultures were Cooperia spp., Oesophagostomum spp., and Haemonchus spp. Dewormed calves exhibited similar nematode eggs per gram of feces (EPG) to the untreated group, and nematode EPG in calves tended to decrease with age. In conclusion, age, sex, and farm management practices influence the prevalence of nematodes and trematodes. Nematode prevalence exceeded 30 % for most of the year, while trematode prevalence ranged from 12 % to 20 %.

The study aims to evaluate the anthelmintic potential of hydro-ethanolic seed extract of Zanthoxyllum armatum (HESEZA) DC against Paramphistomum cervi, a rumen amphistome highly prevalent in North-East India. In vitro and in vivo experiments were carried out to evaluate the anthelmintic property of HESEZA and the mechanism of action against Paramphistomum cervi. In vitro motility and different biochemical estimations like glucose uptake, glycogen content, lactic acid production and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity of the extract and standard drug treated worms were studied to explore the mechanism of action. HESEZA @ 3000 μg/ml showed complete death of worms within 1 hr of exposure. Glucose uptake was reduced significantly (P<0.05) by the HESEZA @ 300, 1000 and 3000 μg/ml. Similarly, glycogen content was found to decrease significantly (P<0.05) by the HESEZA @ 300, 1000 and 3000 μg/ml. However, lactic acid production was increased significantly (P<0.05) by the HESEZA @ 300, 1000 and 3000 μg/ml. On the contrary, AChE activity of the P. cervi was reduced significantly (P<0.05) @ 3000 μg/ml by the HESEZA. An in vivo experiment of HESEZA @ 150 and 250 mg/kg body weight in naturally infected goats were accomplished with complete reduction of EPG count on 28^th day of post-treatment of the extract @ 250 mg/kg b. wt. All the haematological and biochemical parameters were estimated during in vivo experimentation in goats with HESEZA.

A nematode population (SF7) belonging to the genus Laimydorus siddiqi, 1969, was isolated from the soils of sugarcane fields in the Haridwar district of Uttarakhand, India. Based on morphological, morphometrical, and molecular studies, the nematode was identified as Laimydorus siddiqii. This work represents the first molecular report of this species. Laimydorus siddiqui has a 2.6 to 3.08 mm long body, with a truncate lip region, linear odontostyle, double guiding ring, female genital system amphidelphic, longitudinal vulva, and females with a very long, filiform tail. Males have 56 - 63 μm long spicules and 28 - 29 ventromedial supplements. Molecular analyses utilizing segments of the 28S rDNA placed Laimydorus siddiqi in a clade with Laimydorus zehsaziani from Iran and other representatives of the genera Labronema, Dorylaimus, Prodorylaimus, Calcaridorylaimus, Mesodorylaimus, and Aporcelamellus. However, there is no available 18S rRNA sequence of any known species of Laimydorus, and our sequence is the first SSU rRNA of this genus. These molecular findings support the taxonomic positioning of Laimydorus siddiqui within the broader phylogenetic framework of the family Dorylaimidae, highlighting its relationships with closely related genera.

Crenosoma vulpis is a nematode from the superfamily Metastrongylidea, which parasitizes the respiratory tracts of carnivores, primarily red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), and occasionally domestic dogs (Canis familiaris). This study aimed to assess the presence of C. vulpis in red foxes in western Poland, an area where its occurrence had not been previously documented. We examined lung tissue from 47 red foxes obtained during the regular hunting season (2017 - 2018) using the Baermann method to detect the presence of nematode larvae. Larvae, identified based on morphology as C. vulpis, were found in 12.8 % of the foxes (6/47; 95 % CL = 4.8 - 25.7 %). This is the first confirmed report of Crenosoma vulpis in red foxes in Poland, highlighting the potential need for further epidemiological studies on its distribution and impact on both wildlife and domestic animals.