Summary The main goal of the current work was to describe and analyse the Digenean community structure in Sarpa salpa. A total of 114 specimens of S. salpa were collected from the Central Coast of Algeria at six localities. The fish were immediately transported to the laboratory to be examined for digeneans. From 107 of the 114 S. salpa examined, a total of 8,722 specimens of seven species belonging to three families were recovered. Among them, Robphildollfusium fractum and Mesometra orbicularis were the most prevalent and abundant species. Moreover, Lepocreadium album was found for the first time in S. salpa from the coast of Algeria, and Centroderma spinosissima and Wardula capitellata represent new parasites to the Algerian digenean fauna that infect teleost fish. The component community of these Digeneans is characterised by R. fractum as its dominant species representing 62% of the total number of collected Digeneans, as well by a Shannon diversity index (H′) and Dominance Simpson index (D) of 1.03 and 2.23, respectively. According to Spearman's correlation test, Mesometra brachycoelia and W. capitellata were negatively correlated to the host biological factors. On the other hand, R. fractum showed a positive correlation between its mean abundance and the total length of the fish. With these findings, we provided the component structure of the Digenean fauna of S. salpa and highlighted their diversity, contributing to the biodiversity of the parasitic Platyhelminthes in Algeria.
{"title":"Digenea community structure of the Salema, Sarpa salpa (Linnaeus, 1758) (Teleostei, Sparidae), from the Central coast of Algeria","authors":"A. Boukadoum, F. Tazerouti","doi":"10.2478/helm-2024-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2024-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The main goal of the current work was to describe and analyse the Digenean community structure in <jats:italic>Sarpa salpa.</jats:italic> A total of 114 specimens of <jats:italic>S. salpa</jats:italic> were collected from the Central Coast of Algeria at six localities. The fish were immediately transported to the laboratory to be examined for digeneans. From 107 of the 114 <jats:italic>S. salpa</jats:italic> examined, a total of 8,722 specimens of seven species belonging to three families were recovered. Among them, <jats:italic>Robphildollfusium fractum</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Mesometra orbicularis</jats:italic> were the most prevalent and abundant species. Moreover, <jats:italic>Lepocreadium album</jats:italic> was found for the first time in <jats:italic>S. salpa</jats:italic> from the coast of Algeria, and <jats:italic>Centroderma spinosissima</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Wardula capitellata</jats:italic> represent new parasites to the Algerian digenean fauna that infect teleost fish. The component community of these Digeneans is characterised by <jats:italic>R. fractum</jats:italic> as its dominant species representing 62% of the total number of collected Digeneans, as well by a Shannon diversity index (H′) and Dominance Simpson index (D) of 1.03 and 2.23, respectively. According to Spearman's correlation test, <jats:italic>Mesometra brachycoelia</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>W. capitellata</jats:italic> were negatively correlated to the host biological factors. On the other hand, <jats:italic>R. fractum</jats:italic> showed a positive correlation between its mean abundance and the total length of the fish. With these findings, we provided the component structure of the Digenean fauna of <jats:italic>S. salpa</jats:italic> and highlighted their diversity, contributing to the biodiversity of the parasitic Platyhelminthes in Algeria.","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140800277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. G. V. Paller, R. N. Fornesa, D. A. P. Fernandez, L. A. Estaño
Summary The continuous challenges of land use change have brought potential threats to biodiversity and the spread of zoonotic diseases. In this study, synanthropic rodents and their helminth parasites were used as sentinels to assess the potential impact of land use on zoonosis. Rats were collected in different ecosystems, namely agricultural, agroforest, and residential areas in the northeastern sub-watersheds of Mount Makiling, Laguna, Philippines. Three (3) species of rats were captured, namely, Rattus tanezumi, Rattus norvegicus, and Rattus exulans. Of the total 180 rats collected, 92.7 % were found infected with helminth parasites, namely Hymenolepis diminuta, Hymenolepis nana, Taenia pisiformis, and Strobilocercus fasciolaris (cestodes); Angiostrongylus cantonensis, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, Strongyloides ratti, Capillaria hepatica, Trichuris muris, and Rictularia sp. (nematodes); and Echinostoma ilocanum (trematode). Of these 11 species, nine (9) were considered zoonotic. This study provides important information on the helminth parasites of rats in the northeastern sub-watersheds of Mount Makiling and the potential threat of zoonotic transmission due to increasing land use change and urbanization in the area. Moreover, urbanization can provide favorable eco-epidemiological conditions for rodent-borne pathogens, such as parasites, that are seriously threatening agricultural settings and human settlements in these areas.
{"title":"Rats and their helminth parasites: Potential zoonosis threats of land use change in the northeastern sub-watersheds of Mount Makiling, Laguna, Philippines","authors":"V. G. V. Paller, R. N. Fornesa, D. A. P. Fernandez, L. A. Estaño","doi":"10.2478/helm-2024-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2024-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The continuous challenges of land use change have brought potential threats to biodiversity and the spread of zoonotic diseases. In this study, synanthropic rodents and their helminth parasites were used as sentinels to assess the potential impact of land use on zoonosis. Rats were collected in different ecosystems, namely agricultural, agroforest, and residential areas in the northeastern sub-watersheds of Mount Makiling, Laguna, Philippines. Three (3) species of rats were captured, namely, <jats:italic>Rattus tanezumi, Rattus norvegicus,</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Rattus exulans</jats:italic>. Of the total 180 rats collected, 92.7 % were found infected with helminth parasites, namely <jats:italic>Hymenolepis diminuta, Hymenolepis nana, Taenia pisiformis,</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Strobilocercus fasciolaris</jats:italic> (cestodes); <jats:italic>Angiostrongylus cantonensis, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Strongyloides ratti, Capillaria hepatica, Trichuris muris</jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Rictularia</jats:italic> sp. (nematodes); and <jats:italic>Echinostoma ilocanum</jats:italic> (trematode). Of these 11 species, nine (9) were considered zoonotic. This study provides important information on the helminth parasites of rats in the northeastern sub-watersheds of Mount Makiling and the potential threat of zoonotic transmission due to increasing land use change and urbanization in the area. Moreover, urbanization can provide favorable eco-epidemiological conditions for rodent-borne pathogens, such as parasites, that are seriously threatening agricultural settings and human settlements in these areas.","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140800382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary The World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology recently released new recommendations for the design of fecal egg count (FEC) reduction tests for livestock. These provide suggestions as to the number of animals to be sampled and the minimum number of eggs that must be counted to produce statistically meaningful results. One of the considerations for study design is the multiplication factor of the FEC method to be used; methods with lower multiplication factors require fewer animals to be sampled because they are presumed to count more eggs per test. However, multiplication factor is not the sole determinant of the number of eggs counted by any given method, since different techniques use very different sample extraction methodologies that could affect the number of eggs detected beyond just the amount of feces examined. In this light, we compared three commonly used manual FEC methods (mini-FLOTAC, McMaster and Wisconsin) and two automated methods (Imagyst and Parasight All-in-One) with respect to how many equine strongylid and ascarid eggs they counted in the same samples. McMaster and mini-FLOTAC (multiplication factors of 25x and 5x, respectively) produced the most accurate results of the methods tested but mini-FLOTAC counted approximately 5-times more eggs than McMaster. However, Wisconsin and Parasight (multiplication factor = 1x) counted 3-times more ova than mini-FLOTAC, which was less than the 5-fold difference in their multiplication factors. As a result, these tests perform with multiplication factors more akin to 1.6x relative to mini-FLOTAC. Imagyst, due to its unique sample preparation methodology, does not have a traditional multiplication factor but performed similarly to McMaster with respect to egg recovery.
摘要 世界兽医寄生虫学促进协会（World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology）最近发布了关于设计家畜粪便虫卵计数（FEC）还原试验的新建议。这些建议涉及需要采样的动物数量以及为得出有统计学意义的结果而必须计数的最低虫卵数量。研究设计的考虑因素之一是所使用的粪便计数法的倍增因子；倍增因子较低的方法需要采样的动物数量较少，因为它们被认为每次检测能计数更多的虫卵。然而，倍增因子并不是任何特定方法计数虫卵数量的唯一决定因素，因为不同技术使用的样本提取方法截然不同，这可能会影响检测到的虫卵数量，而不仅仅是粪便的数量。有鉴于此，我们比较了三种常用的手动 FEC 方法（mini-FLOTAC、McMaster 和 Wisconsin）和两种自动方法（Imagyst 和 Parasight All-in-One）在相同样本中计算出的马强虫卵和蛔虫卵数量。麦克马斯特和迷你FLOTAC（倍增因子分别为 25 倍和 5 倍）的结果是所有测试方法中最准确的，但迷你FLOTAC 的虫卵计数大约是麦克马斯特的 5 倍。然而，威斯康星和 Parasight（倍增因子 = 1x）计算出的卵数是迷你FLOTAC 的 3 倍，小于它们倍增因子 5 倍的差异。因此，与迷你FLOTAC 相比，这些测试的倍增因子更接近 1.6 倍。Imagyst 由于其独特的样品制备方法，没有传统的倍增因子，但在卵回收率方面的表现与麦克马斯特类似。
{"title":"Relative egg extraction efficiencies of manual and automated fecal egg count methods in equines","authors":"L. Britton, B. Ripley, P. Slusarewicz","doi":"10.2478/helm-2024-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2024-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology recently released new recommendations for the design of fecal egg count (FEC) reduction tests for livestock. These provide suggestions as to the number of animals to be sampled and the minimum number of eggs that must be counted to produce statistically meaningful results. One of the considerations for study design is the multiplication factor of the FEC method to be used; methods with lower multiplication factors require fewer animals to be sampled because they are presumed to count more eggs per test. However, multiplication factor is not the sole determinant of the number of eggs counted by any given method, since different techniques use very different sample extraction methodologies that could affect the number of eggs detected beyond just the amount of feces examined. In this light, we compared three commonly used manual FEC methods (mini-FLOTAC, McMaster and Wisconsin) and two automated methods (Imagyst and Parasight All-in-One) with respect to how many equine strongylid and ascarid eggs they counted in the same samples. McMaster and mini-FLOTAC (multiplication factors of 25x and 5x, respectively) produced the most accurate results of the methods tested but mini-FLOTAC counted approximately 5-times more eggs than McMaster. However, Wisconsin and Parasight (multiplication factor = 1x) counted 3-times more ova than mini-FLOTAC, which was less than the 5-fold difference in their multiplication factors. As a result, these tests perform with multiplication factors more akin to 1.6x relative to mini-FLOTAC. Imagyst, due to its unique sample preparation methodology, does not have a traditional multiplication factor but performed similarly to McMaster with respect to egg recovery.","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140800278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. D. Nguyen, H. T. Nguyen, T. M. L. Le, D. D. Hoang, T. D. Nguyen, Q. P. Trinh
Summary Pratylenchus coffeae, belonging to the root-lesion nematode group, is a highly prevalent and destructive plant-parasitic nematode that is able to infest a wide range of host plants. Although this species' devastating impacts on coffee plantations across the world are widely known on other host plants, its association with Ming aralia has never been reported. Our study characterized two popu lations of P. coffeae (associated with Ming aralia and coffee) and compared them with other popu lations from previous studies in Vietnam and other countries in the world. The identification of P. coffeae in our study was confirmed by the comprehensive analysis encompassing morphological examination, morphometric data, and molecular characterizations of the COI mtDNA and D2D3 of 28S rRNA regions. The cluster and MDS analyses revealed that the two populations of P. coffeae from Vietnam are closely related to those from Japan and Indonesia. The D2-D3 sequences of 28S rRNA and COI mtDNA regions exhibited high similarity among these populations, indicating a stable genetic profile. Our research contributes to a better understanding of the distribution and genetic characterizations of P. coffeae by offering new morphological and molecular insights into the presence of this nematode in Vietnam. Additionally, this nematode species was found to be associated with host plant's symptoms such as chlorotic leaves, stunted growth and root lesion in both hosts. Given the economic significance of both Ming aralia and coffee crops in Vietnam, as well as the damaging potential of P. coffeae, this study emphasizes the need of proactive nematode management measures to control this destructive pest.
摘要 Pratylenchus coffeae 属于根线虫类，是一种高度流行的破坏性植物寄生线虫，能够侵染多种寄主植物。虽然该物种对世界各地咖啡种植园的破坏性影响在其他寄主植物上已广为人知，但它与明胶树的关系却从未被报道过。我们的研究描述了两种咖啡蝇的种群特征（与明日叶和咖啡相关），并将它们与之前在越南和世界其他国家研究的其他种群进行了比较。通过形态学检查、形态计量学数据、COI mtDNA 和 28S rRNA D2D3 区域的分子特征等综合分析，确认了我们研究中的咖啡蕨类植物。聚类和 MDS 分析表明，越南的两个咖啡蝇种群与日本和印度尼西亚的咖啡蝇种群亲缘关系密切。这些种群之间的 28S rRNA 和 COI mtDNA 区域的 D2-D3 序列显示出高度的相似性，表明它们具有稳定的遗传特征。我们的研究有助于更好地了解 P. coffeae 的分布和遗传特征，为这种线虫在越南的存在提供了新的形态学和分子学见解。此外，我们还发现这种线虫与寄主植物的症状有关，如两种寄主的叶片萎黄、生长受阻和根部病变。鉴于明旱金莲和咖啡作物在越南的经济意义以及 P. coffeae 的破坏潜力，本研究强调了采取积极的线虫管理措施来控制这种破坏性害虫的必要性。
{"title":"Morphological and molecular characterizations of Pratylenchus coffeae infecting Ming aralia and coffee in Vietnam","authors":"H. D. Nguyen, H. T. Nguyen, T. M. L. Le, D. D. Hoang, T. D. Nguyen, Q. P. Trinh","doi":"10.2478/helm-2024-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2024-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Summary <jats:italic>Pratylenchus coffeae</jats:italic>, belonging to the root-lesion nematode group, is a highly prevalent and destructive plant-parasitic nematode that is able to infest a wide range of host plants. Although this species' devastating impacts on coffee plantations across the world are widely known on other host plants, its association with Ming aralia has never been reported. Our study characterized two popu lations of <jats:italic>P. coffeae</jats:italic> (associated with Ming aralia and coffee) and compared them with other popu lations from previous studies in Vietnam and other countries in the world. The identification of <jats:italic>P. coffeae</jats:italic> in our study was confirmed by the comprehensive analysis encompassing morphological examination, morphometric data, and molecular characterizations of the <jats:italic>COI</jats:italic> mtDNA and D2D3 of 28S rRNA regions. The cluster and MDS analyses revealed that the two populations of <jats:italic>P. coffeae</jats:italic> from Vietnam are closely related to those from Japan and Indonesia. The D2-D3 sequences of 28S rRNA and <jats:italic>COI</jats:italic> mtDNA regions exhibited high similarity among these populations, indicating a stable genetic profile. Our research contributes to a better understanding of the distribution and genetic characterizations of <jats:italic>P. coffeae</jats:italic> by offering new morphological and molecular insights into the presence of this nematode in Vietnam. Additionally, this nematode species was found to be associated with host plant's symptoms such as chlorotic leaves, stunted growth and root lesion in both hosts. Given the economic significance of both Ming aralia and coffee crops in Vietnam, as well as the damaging potential of <jats:italic>P. coffeae</jats:italic>, this study emphasizes the need of proactive nematode management measures to control this destructive pest.","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140800372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Semprucci, L. Catani, E. Grassi, M. Jakubcsiková, A. Čerevková
Summary A general limitation of ecological investigations based on nematodes is related to the difficult and time-consuming taxonomic identification of species. Therefore, nematologists are investing many efforts to develop alternative approaches as proxies applicable in biomonitoring assessment. Recently, an alternative method that combines morpho-functional traits was proposed for detecting assemblage changes of marine nematodes. In view of the promising results, it was tested the same approach to document taxonomic structure changes of soil free-living and plant parasitic nematodes. Specifically, this attempt was carried out using three data sets that include studies from various European regions and different types of ecosystems: forests, grasslands and maize crops. Multivariate statistical analysis revealed that the simple combination of the four traits (i.e., buccal cavity cuticularization occurrence, amphideal fovea size and shape, morphology of the cuticle and pharynx) in a single code number perfectly mirrors the taxonomic structure trends of the nematode assemblage at genus level. Therefore, we predict that similar results can be also obtained by directly encoding nematode specimens with the selected traits and we point to new important advances if this procedure can be coupled with advanced machine learning.
{"title":"Simple, inexpensive, and rapid approach to detect changes in the structure of soil free-living nematodes","authors":"F. Semprucci, L. Catani, E. Grassi, M. Jakubcsiková, A. Čerevková","doi":"10.2478/helm-2024-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2024-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Summary A general limitation of ecological investigations based on nematodes is related to the difficult and time-consuming taxonomic identification of species. Therefore, nematologists are investing many efforts to develop alternative approaches as proxies applicable in biomonitoring assessment. Recently, an alternative method that combines morpho-functional traits was proposed for detecting assemblage changes of marine nematodes. In view of the promising results, it was tested the same approach to document taxonomic structure changes of soil free-living and plant parasitic nematodes. Specifically, this attempt was carried out using three data sets that include studies from various European regions and different types of ecosystems: forests, grasslands and maize crops. Multivariate statistical analysis revealed that the simple combination of the four traits (i.e., buccal cavity cuticularization occurrence, amphideal fovea size and shape, morphology of the cuticle and pharynx) in a single code number perfectly mirrors the taxonomic structure trends of the nematode assemblage at genus level. Therefore, we predict that similar results can be also obtained by directly encoding nematode specimens with the selected traits and we point to new important advances if this procedure can be coupled with advanced machine learning.","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140800369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary During a survey of soil nematodes in South Africa, a species of predatory nematodes, namely Mylonchulus hawaiiensis was recovered from soil in the Magoebaskloof mountain of Limpopo Province, South Africa. The morphology of the material studied fit well with the previous populations of the same species. A molecular study of 18S rDNA region of M. hawaiiensis indicated a 100% similarity between the South African population and the Japanese population of M. hawaiiensis (AB361438; AB361439; AB361440; AB361442). In addition, phylogenetic analysis placed all M. hawaiiensis in a group with 0.97 posterior probability. Additionally, ITS rDNA of M. hawaiiensis amplified for the first time. However, Principal component analysis (PCA) showed a morphological variation among the different populations of M. hawaiiensis. In addition, haplotype analysis also revealed that the South African population is close to the Japanese population. In conclusion, 18S rDNA was a good marker for detecting M. hawaiiensis. Measurement, photographs, and phylogenetic position of South African M. hawaiinesis are given.
摘要 在对南非土壤线虫进行调查期间，从南非林波波省 Magoebaskloof 山的土壤中发现了一种掠食性线虫，即 Mylonchulus hawaiiensis。研究材料的形态与该物种以前的种群十分吻合。哈瓦伊蝇 18S rDNA 区域的分子研究表明，南非种群与日本哈瓦伊蝇种群（AB361438；AB361439；AB361440；AB361442）的相似度为 100%。此外，系统进化分析还将所有哈瓦伊蝠鲼归入一个组，后验概率为 0.97。此外，还首次扩增了哈瓦伊蝠的 ITS rDNA。然而，主成分分析（PCA）显示，M. hawaiiensis 不同种群之间存在形态差异。此外，单倍型分析还显示南非种群与日本种群接近。总之，18S rDNA 是检测 M. hawaiiensis 的良好标记。本文给出了南非哈瓦伊蝠的测量值、照片和系统发育位置。
{"title":"First molecular observation on Mylonchulus hawaiiensis from South Africa","authors":"E. Shokoohi","doi":"10.2478/helm-2024-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2024-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Summary During a survey of soil nematodes in South Africa, a species of predatory nematodes, namely <jats:italic>Mylonchulus hawaiiensis</jats:italic> was recovered from soil in the Magoebaskloof mountain of Limpopo Province, South Africa. The morphology of the material studied fit well with the previous populations of the same species. A molecular study of 18S rDNA region of <jats:italic>M. hawaiiensis</jats:italic> indicated a 100% similarity between the South African population and the Japanese population of <jats:italic>M. hawaiiensis</jats:italic> (AB361438; AB361439; AB361440; AB361442). In addition, phylogenetic analysis placed all <jats:italic>M. hawaiiensis</jats:italic> in a group with 0.97 posterior probability. Additionally, ITS rDNA of <jats:italic>M. hawaiiensis</jats:italic> amplified for the first time. However, Principal component analysis (PCA) showed a morphological variation among the different populations of <jats:italic>M. hawaiiensis</jats:italic>. In addition, haplotype analysis also revealed that the South African population is close to the Japanese population. In conclusion, 18S rDNA was a good marker for detecting <jats:italic>M. hawaiiensis</jats:italic>. Measurement, photographs, and phylogenetic position of South African <jats:italic>M. hawaiinesis</jats:italic> are given.","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140800379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. A. Ali, S. Niaz, N. Nasreen, A. Khan, S. Shafeeq, L. Aguilar-Marcelino, W. A. Safi, M. A. Zaki, J. De La Fuente, M. Ben Said
Summary This study investigates the presence of Trichuris trichiura eggs in soil samples collected from urban areas in Lahore, Pakistan. A total of 3600 soil samples were collected over two years from Lahore’s urban regions. The detection of helminth eggs in these samples was performed using sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) as a diagnostic technique. The study reveals an overall prevalence rate of T. trichiura at 0.97 % (35 out of 3600) in the contaminated soil samples from Lahore’s slum areas. When analyzing the data by geographical areas, the study found the highest prevalence of T. trichiura in Allama Iqbal Town (1.83 %, 11 out of 600), followed by Samanabad (1.16 %, 7 out of 600), Wapda Town (1.00 %, 6 out of 600), Gulberg (1.00 %, 6 out of 600), and Cantt (0.50 %, 3 out of 600). Conversely, Valencia Town had the lowest prevalence rate at 0.33 % (2 out of 600). However, these variations in prevalence rates were not statistically significant (p = 0.117). Prevalence rates of T. trichiura’s eggs varied significantly across different sampling seasons (p>0.001). In autumn, a total of 900 soil samples were collected, with 19 samples (2.11 %) testing positive for T. trichiura. This rate was notably higher compared to the prevalence rates observed in winter, spring, and summer, which were 0.66 %, 0.22 %, and 0.88 %, respectively. Regarding the sampling months, the study observed a significantly higher prevalence during September (3.33 %, 10 out of 300), followed by October (2.33 %, 7 out of 300), and August (1.33 %, 4 out of 300). Prevalence rates gradually decreased in other months, ranging from 1 % to 0.33 % (3 to 1 out of 300), with no parasite detection in March (0 %, 0 out of 300) (p < 0.001). This research underscores soil contamination due to fecal waste and highlights public unawareness of parasite biology, driven by open defecation practices.
{"title":"Temporal and spatial patterns of Trichuris trichiura eggs: a potential threat to human health in Pakistan","authors":"S. A. Ali, S. Niaz, N. Nasreen, A. Khan, S. Shafeeq, L. Aguilar-Marcelino, W. A. Safi, M. A. Zaki, J. De La Fuente, M. Ben Said","doi":"10.2478/helm-2024-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2024-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Summary This study investigates the presence of <jats:italic>Trichuris trichiura</jats:italic> eggs in soil samples collected from urban areas in Lahore, Pakistan. A total of 3600 soil samples were collected over two years from Lahore’s urban regions. The detection of helminth eggs in these samples was performed using sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) as a diagnostic technique. The study reveals an overall prevalence rate of <jats:italic>T. trichiura</jats:italic> at 0.97 % (35 out of 3600) in the contaminated soil samples from Lahore’s slum areas. When analyzing the data by geographical areas, the study found the highest prevalence of <jats:italic>T. trichiura</jats:italic> in Allama Iqbal Town (1.83 %, 11 out of 600), followed by Samanabad (1.16 %, 7 out of 600), Wapda Town (1.00 %, 6 out of 600), Gulberg (1.00 %, 6 out of 600), and Cantt (0.50 %, 3 out of 600). Conversely, Valencia Town had the lowest prevalence rate at 0.33 % (2 out of 600). However, these variations in prevalence rates were not statistically significant (p = 0.117). Prevalence rates of <jats:italic>T. trichiura</jats:italic>’s eggs varied significantly across different sampling seasons (p>0.001). In autumn, a total of 900 soil samples were collected, with 19 samples (2.11 %) testing positive for <jats:italic>T. trichiura</jats:italic>. This rate was notably higher compared to the prevalence rates observed in winter, spring, and summer, which were 0.66 %, 0.22 %, and 0.88 %, respectively. Regarding the sampling months, the study observed a significantly higher prevalence during September (3.33 %, 10 out of 300), followed by October (2.33 %, 7 out of 300), and August (1.33 %, 4 out of 300). Prevalence rates gradually decreased in other months, ranging from 1 % to 0.33 % (3 to 1 out of 300), with no parasite detection in March (0 %, 0 out of 300) (p < 0.001). This research underscores soil contamination due to fecal waste and highlights public unawareness of parasite biology, driven by open defecation practices.","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140800384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Milcheva, Z. Hurníková, K. Todorova, V. Dilcheva, S. Petkova, P. Janega, P. Babál
Summary The free radical nitric oxide (NO) and Ca2+ are critical regulators of skeletal muscle exercise performance and fatigue. The major source of NO in skeletal muscle cells is the neuronal form of the enzyme Nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). One of the most peculiar characteristics of the Nurse cell of Trichinella spiralis (T. spiralis) is the complete loss of the contractile capabilities of its derivative striated muscle fiber. The aim of the present study was to clarify the expression of nNOS protein and mRNA in striated muscles during the muscle phase of T. spiralis infection in mice. Muscle tissue samples were collected from mice at days 0, 14, 24, and 35 post infection (d.p.i.). The expression of nNOS was investigated by immunohistochemistry, and the expression levels of mRNA of mouse Nitric oxide synthase 1 (Nos1) by real-time PCR. The presence of nNOS protein was still well observable in the disintegrated sarcoplasm at the early stage of infection. The cytoplasm of the developing and mature Nurse cell showed the absence of this protein. At least at the beginning of the Nurse cell development, Trichinella uses the same repairing process of skeletal muscle cell, induced after any trauma and this corroborates very well our results concerning the nNOS expression on day 14 p.i. At a later stage, however, we could suggest that the down-regulation of nNOS in the Nurse cell of T. spiralis either serves a protective function or is an outcome of the genetic identity of the Nurse cell.
{"title":"Down-regulation of neuronal form of Nitric oxide synthase in the Nurse cell of Trichinella spiralis","authors":"R. Milcheva, Z. Hurníková, K. Todorova, V. Dilcheva, S. Petkova, P. Janega, P. Babál","doi":"10.2478/helm-2024-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2024-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The free radical nitric oxide (NO) and Ca<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup> are critical regulators of skeletal muscle exercise performance and fatigue. The major source of NO in skeletal muscle cells is the neuronal form of the enzyme Nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). One of the most peculiar characteristics of the Nurse cell of <jats:italic>Trichinella spiralis</jats:italic> (<jats:italic>T. spiralis</jats:italic>) is the complete loss of the contractile capabilities of its derivative striated muscle fiber. The aim of the present study was to clarify the expression of nNOS protein and mRNA in striated muscles during the muscle phase of <jats:italic>T. spiralis</jats:italic> infection in mice. Muscle tissue samples were collected from mice at days 0, 14, 24, and 35 post infection (d.p.i.). The expression of nNOS was investigated by immunohistochemistry, and the expression levels of mRNA of mouse Nitric oxide synthase 1 (<jats:italic>Nos1)</jats:italic> by real-time PCR. The presence of nNOS protein was still well observable in the disintegrated sarcoplasm at the early stage of infection. The cytoplasm of the developing and mature Nurse cell showed the absence of this protein. At least at the beginning of the Nurse cell development, <jats:italic>Trichinella</jats:italic> uses the same repairing process of skeletal muscle cell, induced after any trauma and this corroborates very well our results concerning the nNOS expression on day 14 p.i. At a later stage, however, we could suggest that the down-regulation of nNOS in the Nurse cell of <jats:italic>T. spiralis</jats:italic> either serves a protective function or is an outcome of the genetic identity of the Nurse cell.","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140800279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Paredes-Trujillo, D. I. Hernández-Mena, M. L. Aguirre-Macedo, M. B. Mendoza-Garfias, V. M. Vidal-Martínez
Summary Trypanorhynch cestode larvae were found parasitizing specimens of dusky flounder Syacium papillosum (Linnaeus, 1758) in the Southeastern Gulf of Mexico (s-GoM). Plerocercoids were recovered from a total of 194 flatfish, embedded in the intestine and stomach wall. Trypanorhynch were identified using morphology and a molecular phylogeny using newly sequenced partial 28S (region D1-D3) ribosomal DNA in combination with data derived from other species of trypanorhynchs available from GenBank. Larvae representing three genera of trypanorhynch cestodes, Nybelinia Poche, 1926; Kotorella Euzet & Radujkovic, 1989 and Oncomegas Dollfus, 1929 were found in dusky flounder specimens in the s-GoM. These plerocercoids represent six species: Nybelinia sp. 1, Nybelinia sp. 2, Nybelinia sp. 3, Nybelinia sp. 4, Kotorella pronosoma (Stossich, 1901) and Oncomegas wageneri (Linton, 1890) Dollfus, 1929. All cestode specimens in this study represent new locality records for their respective species.
{"title":"Larvae trypanorhynch (Cestoda) infecting the dusky flounder, Syacium papillosum (Paralichthyidae: Pleuronectiformes) in the continental shelf of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico","authors":"A. Paredes-Trujillo, D. I. Hernández-Mena, M. L. Aguirre-Macedo, M. B. Mendoza-Garfias, V. M. Vidal-Martínez","doi":"10.2478/helm-2024-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2024-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Trypanorhynch cestode larvae were found parasitizing specimens of dusky flounder <jats:italic>Syacium papillosum</jats:italic> (Linnaeus, 1758) in the Southeastern Gulf of Mexico (s-GoM). Plerocercoids were recovered from a total of 194 flatfish, embedded in the intestine and stomach wall. Trypanorhynch were identified using morphology and a molecular phylogeny using newly sequenced partial 28S (region D1-D3) ribosomal DNA in combination with data derived from other species of trypanorhynchs available from GenBank. Larvae representing three genera of trypanorhynch cestodes, <jats:italic>Nybelinia</jats:italic> Poche, 1926; <jats:italic>Kotorella</jats:italic> Euzet & Radujkovic, 1989 and <jats:italic>Oncomegas</jats:italic> Dollfus, 1929 were found in dusky flounder specimens in the s-GoM. These plerocercoids represent six species: <jats:italic>Nybelinia</jats:italic> sp. 1, <jats:italic>Nybelinia</jats:italic> sp. 2, <jats:italic>Nybelinia</jats:italic> sp. 3, <jats:italic>Nybelinia</jats:italic> sp. 4, <jats:italic>Kotorella pronosoma</jats:italic> (Stossich, 1901) and <jats:italic>Oncomegas wageneri</jats:italic> (Linton, 1890) Dollfus, 1929. All cestode specimens in this study represent new locality records for their respective species.","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140800388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Albasyouni, S. Al-Quraishy, N. Al-Hoshani, T. Al-Otaibi, E. M. Al-Shaebi, R. Abdel-Gaber
Summary To treat and control parasitic infections, traditional medical remedies using plant products are utilized as antiparasitic agents rather than standard synthetic chemicals due to drug resistance. Myrrh, a resinous exudate of Commiphora myrrha (Burseraceae), is a powerful antioxidant with a variety of medicinal uses. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the myrrh methanolic extract (MyE) of three concentrations (100, 50, and 25 mg/ml) on the sporulation of oocysts and as an anthelminthic effector via in vitro study. Characterization of the plant was done by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The earthworm, Eisenia fetida, is used as a model worm to evaluate the anthelminthic activity of MyE. Eimeria labbeana-like oocysts are used as a model protozoan parasite in anticoccidial assays. The sporulation and inhibition (%) of E. labbeana-like were assessed by MyE compared to other chemical substances. FT-IR revealed the presence of twelve active compounds. Our results showed that paralysis and death of earthworms at MyE (100 mg/ml) were 7.88 ± 0.37 and 9.24 ± 0.60 min, respectively, which is more potency when compared to mebendazole (reference drug). In all treated worms, microscopic examinations revealed obvious surface architecture abnormality. This study shows that MyE affects oocysts sporulation in a dose-dependent manner. At 24 and 36 hr, a high concentration of MyE (100 mg/ml) inhibits sporulation by 90.95 and 87.17 %. At 36 hr, other concentrations of MyE (50 and 25 mg/ml), as well as amprolium, DettolTM, and phenol inhibits oocyst sporulation by 40.17 %, 29.34 %, 45.09 %, 85.11 %, and 61.58 %, respectively. According to our research, the MyE extract had powerful anthelmintic and anticoccidial properties.
{"title":"Evaluation of anthelminthic and antiprotozoal activity of myrrh (Commiphora myrrha) methanolic extract","authors":"S. Albasyouni, S. Al-Quraishy, N. Al-Hoshani, T. Al-Otaibi, E. M. Al-Shaebi, R. Abdel-Gaber","doi":"10.2478/helm-2024-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2024-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Summary To treat and control parasitic infections, traditional medical remedies using plant products are utilized as antiparasitic agents rather than standard synthetic chemicals due to drug resistance. Myrrh, a resinous exudate of <jats:italic>Commiphora myrrha</jats:italic> (Burseraceae), is a powerful antioxidant with a variety of medicinal uses. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the myrrh methanolic extract (MyE) of three concentrations (100, 50, and 25 mg/ml) on the sporulation of oocysts and as an anthelminthic effector via <jats:italic>in vitro</jats:italic> study. Characterization of the plant was done by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The earthworm, <jats:italic>Eisenia fetida</jats:italic>, is used as a model worm to evaluate the anthelminthic activity of MyE. <jats:italic>Eimeria labbeana</jats:italic>-like oocysts are used as a model protozoan parasite in anticoccidial assays. The sporulation and inhibition (%) of <jats:italic>E. labbeana</jats:italic>-like were assessed by MyE compared to other chemical substances. FT-IR revealed the presence of twelve active compounds. Our results showed that paralysis and death of earthworms at MyE (100 mg/ml) were 7.88 ± 0.37 and 9.24 ± 0.60 min, respectively, which is more potency when compared to mebendazole (reference drug). In all treated worms, microscopic examinations revealed obvious surface architecture abnormality. This study shows that MyE affects oocysts sporulation in a dose-dependent manner. At 24 and 36 hr, a high concentration of MyE (100 mg/ml) inhibits sporulation by 90.95 and 87.17 %. At 36 hr, other concentrations of MyE (50 and 25 mg/ml), as well as amprolium, Dettol<jats:sup>TM</jats:sup>, and phenol inhibits oocyst sporulation by 40.17 %, 29.34 %, 45.09 %, 85.11 %, and 61.58 %, respectively. According to our research, the MyE extract had powerful anthelmintic and anticoccidial properties.","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140800370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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