E. A. El Saftawy, B. E. Aboulhoda, F. E. Hassan, M. A. M. Ismail, M. A. Alghamdi, S. M. Hussein, N. M. Amin
Summary The current study assessed the efficacy of Acyclovir (ACV) and Ivermectin (IVM) as monotherapies and combined treatments for intestinal and muscular stages of Trichinella spiralis infection. One-hundred Swiss albino mice received orally 250 ± 50 infectious larvae and were divided into infected-untreated (Group-1), IVM-treated (Group-2), ACV-treated (Group-3), combined IVM+ACV (Group-4), and healthy controls (Group-5). Each group was subdivided into subgroup-A-enteric phase (10 mice, sacrificed day-7 p.i.) and subgroup-B-muscular phase (10 mice, sacrificed day-35 p.i.). Survival rate and body weight were recorded. Parasite burden and intestinal histopathology were assessed. In addition, immunohistochemical expression of epithelial CDX2 in the intestinal phase and CyclinD1 as well as CD34 in the muscular phase were evaluated. Compared, IVM and ACV monotherapies showed insignificant differences in the amelioration of enteric histopathology, except for lymphocytic counts. In the muscle phase, monotherapies showed variable disruptions in the encapsulated larvae. Compared with monotherapies, the combined treatment performed relatively better improvement of intestinal inflammation and reduction in the enteric and muscular parasite burden. CDX2 and CyclinD1 positively correlated with intestinal inflammation and parasite burden, while CD34 showed a negative correlation. CDX2 positively correlated with CyclinD1. CD34 negatively correlated with CDX2 and CyclinD1. IVM +ACV significantly ameliorated CDX2, CyclinD1, and CD34 expressions compared with monotherapies. Conclusion. T. spiralis infection-associated inflammation induced CDX2 and CyclinD1 expressions, whereas CD34 was reduced. The molecular tumorigenic effect of the nematode remains questionable. Nevertheless, IVM +ACV appeared to be a promising anthelminthic anti-inflammatory combination that, in parallel, rectified CDX2, CyclinD1, and CD34 expressions.
{"title":"ACV with/without IVM: a new talk on intestinal CDX2 and muscular CD34 and Cyclin D1 during Trichinella spiralis infection","authors":"E. A. El Saftawy, B. E. Aboulhoda, F. E. Hassan, M. A. M. Ismail, M. A. Alghamdi, S. M. Hussein, N. M. Amin","doi":"10.2478/helm-2024-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2024-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The current study assessed the efficacy of Acyclovir (ACV) and Ivermectin (IVM) as monotherapies and combined treatments for intestinal and muscular stages of <jats:italic>Trichinella</jats:italic> spiralis infection. One-hundred Swiss albino mice received orally 250 ± 50 infectious larvae and were divided into infected-untreated (Group-1), IVM-treated (Group-2), ACV-treated (Group-3), combined IVM+ACV (Group-4), and healthy controls (Group-5). Each group was subdivided into subgroup-A-enteric phase (10 mice, sacrificed day-7 p.i.) and subgroup-B-muscular phase (10 mice, sacrificed day-35 p.i.). Survival rate and body weight were recorded. Parasite burden and intestinal histopathology were assessed. In addition, immunohistochemical expression of epithelial CDX2 in the intestinal phase and CyclinD1 as well as CD34 in the muscular phase were evaluated. Compared, IVM and ACV monotherapies showed insignificant differences in the amelioration of enteric histopathology, except for lymphocytic counts. In the muscle phase, monotherapies showed variable disruptions in the encapsulated larvae. Compared with monotherapies, the combined treatment performed relatively better improvement of intestinal inflammation and reduction in the enteric and muscular parasite burden. CDX2 and CyclinD1 positively correlated with intestinal inflammation and parasite burden, while CD34 showed a negative correlation. CDX2 positively correlated with CyclinD1. CD34 negatively correlated with CDX2 and CyclinD1. IVM +ACV significantly ameliorated CDX2, CyclinD1, and CD34 expressions compared with monotherapies. Conclusion. <jats:italic>T. spiralis</jats:italic> infection-associated inflammation induced CDX2 and CyclinD1 expressions, whereas CD34 was reduced. The molecular tumorigenic effect of the nematode remains questionable. Nevertheless, IVM +ACV appeared to be a promising anthelminthic anti-inflammatory combination that, in parallel, rectified CDX2, CyclinD1, and CD34 expressions.","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141741449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. A. J. Duco, G. G. Villancio, V. G. V. Paller, P. A. Alviola
Summary Bats are often associated with several zoonotic diseases, including helminth infections. Despite their potential detrimental effects on both human and bat populations, information on helminth parasites of Philippine bats remains scarce. Here, we identify gastrointestinal helminths parasitizing bats collected from a cave complex in Cavinti, Laguna Province, Philippines, determine their prevalence (P) and mean intensity (MI), and investigate relationship of helminth prevalence and intensity with bat host characteristics including sex, diet, age, and roosting habit. We isolated 581 individuals of helminths representing six taxa (three trematodes, two nematodes, one cestode) from the gastrointestinal tract of sampled bats. Helminths were observed in 82 out of 172 bats captured (P = 47.67%), with Miniopteruspaululus having the highest infection rate (P = 91.3%) and highest MI (18 ± 4.5/infected bat). Helminths parasitizing endemic bat species from the Philippines, such as Rhinolophus rufus, Rhinolophus inops, Hipposideros pygmaeus, and Ptenochirus jagori were reported here for the first time. We provide new host records for other helminth species and report the presence of two parasites, Plagiorchis sp. and Toxocara sp., known for their zoonotic potential. These data will contribute to efforts in identifying parasites and diseases harbored by bats in the country and develop additional conservation measures for bats.
{"title":"Gastrointestinal parasitic helminths of bats from a cave in Luzon Island, Philippines","authors":"R. A. J. Duco, G. G. Villancio, V. G. V. Paller, P. A. Alviola","doi":"10.2478/helm-2024-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2024-0016","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Bats are often associated with several zoonotic diseases, including helminth infections. Despite their potential detrimental effects on both human and bat populations, information on helminth parasites of Philippine bats remains scarce. Here, we identify gastrointestinal helminths parasitizing bats collected from a cave complex in Cavinti, Laguna Province, Philippines, determine their prevalence (P) and mean intensity (MI), and investigate relationship of helminth prevalence and intensity with bat host characteristics including sex, diet, age, and roosting habit. We isolated 581 individuals of helminths representing six taxa (three trematodes, two nematodes, one cestode) from the gastrointestinal tract of sampled bats. Helminths were observed in 82 out of 172 bats captured (P = 47.67%), with <jats:italic>Miniopteruspaululus</jats:italic> having the highest infection rate (P = 91.3%) and highest MI (18 ± 4.5/infected bat). Helminths parasitizing endemic bat species from the Philippines, such as <jats:italic>Rhinolophus rufus</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Rhinolophus inops</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Hipposideros pygmaeus</jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Ptenochirus jagori</jats:italic> were reported here for the first time. We provide new host records for other helminth species and report the presence of two parasites, <jats:italic>Plagiorchis</jats:italic> sp. and <jats:italic>Toxocara</jats:italic> sp., known for their zoonotic potential. These data will contribute to efforts in identifying parasites and diseases harbored by bats in the country and develop additional conservation measures for bats.","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":"160 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141741444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. A. Aldamigh, A. A. Alahmadi, I. M. Al-Turaiki, A. H. Hassan
Summary Ascaridia species are the most common nematodes infecting pigeons. The current study investigated specific identity of nematode parasites collected from domestic pigeons (Columba livia domestica) in Al-Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia. Out of 354 pigeons, 13.3 % were infected with nematode parasites. The morphological structure and genetic relationship of nematode worms were studied using conventional methods (Light and scanning electron microscopes) coupled with the newly introduced molecular method. Microscopical and ultrastructure observations showed that the present nematode worms belong to the genus Ascaridia and have all the characteristic features of Ascaridia columbae. Moreover, Random Amplifier morphometric (RAPD) PCR analysis revealed that the present A. columbae had a close identity of up to 98.3 % to Ascaridia columbae JX624729 for Cox-1 gene regions, and up to 98.3 % to Ascaridia nymphii LC057210, and Ascaridia galli EF180058 for ITS1-5.8s- ITS2 rDNA gene regions. Phylogenetic analysis supported the placement of this Ascaridia species within Ascaridiidae family with close relationships to other nematode species obtained from GenBank. Finally, our study recommends using molecular analysis in helminths identification as the main methodology for correct identification especially in closely related species.
{"title":"Morphological, ultrastructural, and phylogenetic analysis of Ascaridia columbae infecting domestic pigeons (Columba livia domestica)","authors":"M. A. Aldamigh, A. A. Alahmadi, I. M. Al-Turaiki, A. H. Hassan","doi":"10.2478/helm-2024-0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2024-0018","url":null,"abstract":"Summary <jats:italic>Ascaridia</jats:italic> species are the most common nematodes infecting pigeons. The current study investigated specific identity of nematode parasites collected from domestic pigeons (<jats:italic>Columba livia domestica</jats:italic>) in Al-Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia. Out of 354 pigeons, 13.3 % were infected with nematode parasites. The morphological structure and genetic relationship of nematode worms were studied using conventional methods (Light and scanning electron microscopes) coupled with the newly introduced molecular method. Microscopical and ultrastructure observations showed that the present nematode worms belong to the genus <jats:italic>Ascaridia</jats:italic> and have all the characteristic features of <jats:italic>Ascaridia columbae</jats:italic>. Moreover, Random Amplifier morphometric (RAPD) PCR analysis revealed that the present <jats:italic>A. columbae</jats:italic> had a close identity of up to 98.3 % to <jats:italic>Ascaridia columbae</jats:italic> JX624729 for Cox-1 gene regions, and up to 98.3 % to <jats:italic>Ascaridia nymphii</jats:italic> LC057210, and <jats:italic>Ascaridia galli</jats:italic> EF180058 for ITS1-5.8s- ITS2 rDNA gene regions. Phylogenetic analysis supported the placement of this <jats:italic>Ascaridia</jats:italic> species within Ascaridiidae family with close relationships to other nematode species obtained from GenBank. Finally, our study recommends using molecular analysis in helminths identification as the main methodology for correct identification especially in closely related species.","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":"253 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141741242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. M. Giallombardo, F. R. Carvallo-Chaigneau, M. S. Todd, D. W. Brown, R. Ramirez-Barrios
Summary A 2-year-old Kunekune sow was submitted for necropsy following death after peritonitis and sepsis. In addition to peritonitis, numerous fluid-filled cysts were identified in the mesentery and hepatic parenchyma, which contained an approximately 1 cm metacestode (cysticercosis). Subsequent molecular characterization confirmed the presence of Taenia hydatigena, a non-zoonotic cestode species. To our knowledge, visceral cysticercosis caused by T. hydatigena has not been previously documented in Kunekune pigs. Taenia solium is a differential diagnosis of public health importance in cases of cysticercosis. Although Taenia solium is not commonly reported nor endemic in the United States, its zoonotic potential warrants consideration in the initial diagnostic assessment. Clinicians should be aware of the presence of T. hydatigena in its definitive and intermediate hosts.
摘要 一头两岁大的库内库纳母猪在腹膜炎和败血症后死亡，被送去进行尸体解剖。除了腹膜炎外，还在肠系膜和肝实质中发现了许多充满液体的囊肿，囊肿内有一条约 1 厘米长的元绦虫（囊虫病）。随后进行的分子鉴定证实了体内存在一种非寄生虫的绦虫物种--水蛭（Taenia hydatigena）。据我们所知，以前从未在国une 猪身上发现过由 T. hydatigena 引起的内脏囊尾蚴病。在囊尾蚴病的病例中，疟原虫是一种具有公共卫生重要性的鉴别诊断方法。虽然在美国，疟原虫并不常见，也不流行，但在初步诊断评估时，仍应考虑到它的人畜共患可能性。临床医生应注意在其最终宿主和中间宿主中是否存在水蚤。
{"title":"Visceral cysticercosis in a Kunekune sow: description and molecular identification of Taenia hydatigena","authors":"G. M. Giallombardo, F. R. Carvallo-Chaigneau, M. S. Todd, D. W. Brown, R. Ramirez-Barrios","doi":"10.2478/helm-2024-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2024-0017","url":null,"abstract":"Summary A 2-year-old Kunekune sow was submitted for necropsy following death after peritonitis and sepsis. In addition to peritonitis, numerous fluid-filled cysts were identified in the mesentery and hepatic parenchyma, which contained an approximately 1 cm metacestode (cysticercosis). Subsequent molecular characterization confirmed the presence of <jats:italic>Taenia hydatigena,</jats:italic> a non-zoonotic cestode species. To our knowledge, visceral cysticercosis caused by <jats:italic>T. hydatigena</jats:italic> has not been previously documented in Kunekune pigs. <jats:italic>Taenia solium</jats:italic> is a differential diagnosis of public health importance in cases of cysticercosis. Although <jats:italic>Taenia solium</jats:italic> is not commonly reported nor endemic in the United States, its zoonotic potential warrants consideration in the initial diagnostic assessment. Clinicians should be aware of the presence of <jats:italic>T. hydatigena</jats:italic> in its definitive and intermediate hosts.","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141741450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. F. Sebasteena, C. K. Deepa, A. Varghese, K. G. Ajith Kumar, A. Joy, A. Iype, A. Rajappan, G. Chandy, R. Ravindran
Summary Bertiella spp. is a mite-borne cestode parasite that inhabits the small intestine of wide range of mammals, including non-human primates. In the present study, the morphological and molecular analysis of Bertiella studeri recovered from the small intestine of a bonnet macaque (Macaca radiata) from Wayanad, Kerala (South India) was performed. Acetic alum carmine staining identified the cestode morphologically based on the characters like broader proglottids, which contain irregularly alternating genital pores, single set of reproductive organs, 280 testes and a tubular transverse uterus. Molecular characterization was done using 18SrRNA, ITS1-5.8S and COX1 genes. Phylogenetic trees were constructed using MEGA X based on the Maximum Likelihood (ML) method (Hasegawa-Kishino-Yano (HKY) model). Cytochrome oxidase I gene could detect the existence of genetic variation in the parasite from two different hosts viz., monkey (Kerala, Argentina, and Kenya) and human (Sri Lanka). A minimum spanning network of haplotypes was generated by the haplotype networking with the above sequences using the popARTv1.7. Haplotype analysis based on COX1 revealed that the parasite haplotype was different in each country with highest population frequency in Sri Lanka.
摘要 Bertiella spp.是一种螨媒绦虫寄生虫，栖息于包括非人灵长类动物在内的多种哺乳动物的小肠中。本研究对从喀拉拉邦（南印度）瓦尼亚德的倭帽猕猴（Macaca radiata）小肠中发现的 Bertiella studeri 进行了形态学和分子分析。醋矾胭脂红染色鉴定了该绦虫的形态特征，如较宽的前鞭毛，其中包含不规则交替的生殖孔，单套生殖器官，280 个睾丸和一个管状横向子宫。利用 18SrRNA、ITS1-5.8S 和 COX1 基因进行了分子鉴定。使用 MEGA X 基于最大似然法（ML）（长谷川-岸野（HKY）模型）构建了系统发生树。细胞色素氧化酶 I 基因可以检测到寄生虫在两种不同宿主（即猴子（喀拉拉邦、阿根廷和肯尼亚）和人类（斯里兰卡））中存在的遗传变异。基于 COX1 的单倍型分析表明，寄生虫的单倍型在每个国家都不同，其中斯里兰卡的群体频率最高。
{"title":"Molecular characterization of Bertiella studeri infecting a primate in South India","authors":"P. F. Sebasteena, C. K. Deepa, A. Varghese, K. G. Ajith Kumar, A. Joy, A. Iype, A. Rajappan, G. Chandy, R. Ravindran","doi":"10.2478/helm-2024-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2024-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Summary <jats:italic>Bertiella</jats:italic> spp. is a mite-borne cestode parasite that inhabits the small intestine of wide range of mammals, including non-human primates. In the present study, the morphological and molecular analysis of <jats:italic>Bertiella studeri</jats:italic> recovered from the small intestine of a bonnet macaque (<jats:italic>Macaca radiata</jats:italic>) from Wayanad, Kerala (South India) was performed. Acetic alum carmine staining identified the cestode morphologically based on the characters like broader proglottids, which contain irregularly alternating genital pores, single set of reproductive organs, 280 testes and a tubular transverse uterus. Molecular characterization was done using 18SrRNA, ITS1-5.8S and COX1 genes. Phylogenetic trees were constructed using MEGA X based on the Maximum Likelihood (ML) method (Hasegawa-Kishino-Yano (HKY) model). Cytochrome oxidase I gene could detect the existence of genetic variation in the parasite from two different hosts viz., monkey (Kerala, Argentina, and Kenya) and human (Sri Lanka). A minimum spanning network of haplotypes was generated by the haplotype networking with the above sequences using the popARTv1.7. Haplotype analysis based on COX1 revealed that the parasite haplotype was different in each country with highest population frequency in Sri Lanka.","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141741442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. H. Caña-Bozada, C. Ovando-Vázquez, L. C. Flores-Méndez, J. M. Martínez-Brown, F. N. Morales-Serna
Summary Protein kinases are enzymes involved in essential biological processes such as signal transduction, transcription, metabolism, and the cell cycle. Human kinases are targets for several drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. Therefore, the identification and classification of kinases in other organisms, including pathogenic parasites, is an interesting subject of study. Monogeneans are platyhelminths, mainly ectoparasites, capable of causing health problems in farmed fish. Although some genomes and transcriptomes are available for monogenean species, their full repertoire of kinases is unknown. The aim of this study was to identify and classify the putative kinases in the transcriptomes of two monogeneans, Rhabdosynochus viridisi and Scutogyrus longicornis, and then to predict potential monogenean drug targets (MDTs) and selective inhibitor drugs using computational approaches. Monogenean kinases having orthologs in the lethal phenotype of C. elegans but not in fish or humans were considered MDTs. A total of 160 and 193 kinases were identified in R. viridisi and S. longicornis, respectively. Of these, 22 kinases, belonging mainly to the major groups CAMK, AGC, and TK, were classified as MDTs, five of which were evaluated further. Molecular docking analysis indicated that dihydroergotamine, ergotamine, and lomitapide have the highest affinity for the kinases BRSK and MEKK1. These well-known drugs could be evaluated in future studies for potential repurposing as anti-monogenean agents. The present study contributes valuable data for the development of new antiparasitic candidates for finfish aquaculture.
{"title":"Identifying potential drug targets in the kinomes of two monogenean species","authors":"V. H. Caña-Bozada, C. Ovando-Vázquez, L. C. Flores-Méndez, J. M. Martínez-Brown, F. N. Morales-Serna","doi":"10.2478/helm-2024-0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2024-0020","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Protein kinases are enzymes involved in essential biological processes such as signal transduction, transcription, metabolism, and the cell cycle. Human kinases are targets for several drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. Therefore, the identification and classification of kinases in other organisms, including pathogenic parasites, is an interesting subject of study. Monogeneans are platyhelminths, mainly ectoparasites, capable of causing health problems in farmed fish. Although some genomes and transcriptomes are available for monogenean species, their full repertoire of kinases is unknown. The aim of this study was to identify and classify the putative kinases in the transcriptomes of two monogeneans, <jats:italic>Rhabdosynochus viridisi</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Scutogyrus longicornis</jats:italic>, and then to predict potential monogenean drug targets (MDTs) and selective inhibitor drugs using computational approaches. Monogenean kinases having orthologs in the lethal phenotype of <jats:italic>C. elegans</jats:italic> but not in fish or humans were considered MDTs. A total of 160 and 193 kinases were identified in <jats:italic>R. viridisi</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>S. longicornis</jats:italic>, respectively. Of these, 22 kinases, belonging mainly to the major groups CAMK, AGC, and TK, were classified as MDTs, five of which were evaluated further. Molecular docking analysis indicated that dihydroergotamine, ergotamine, and lomitapide have the highest affinity for the kinases BRSK and MEKK1. These well-known drugs could be evaluated in future studies for potential repurposing as anti-monogenean agents. The present study contributes valuable data for the development of new antiparasitic candidates for finfish aquaculture.","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141741446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary The main goal of the current work was to describe and analyse the Digenean community structure in Sarpa salpa. A total of 114 specimens of S. salpa were collected from the Central Coast of Algeria at six localities. The fish were immediately transported to the laboratory to be examined for digeneans. From 107 of the 114 S. salpa examined, a total of 8,722 specimens of seven species belonging to three families were recovered. Among them, Robphildollfusium fractum and Mesometra orbicularis were the most prevalent and abundant species. Moreover, Lepocreadium album was found for the first time in S. salpa from the coast of Algeria, and Centroderma spinosissima and Wardula capitellata represent new parasites to the Algerian digenean fauna that infect teleost fish. The component community of these Digeneans is characterised by R. fractum as its dominant species representing 62% of the total number of collected Digeneans, as well by a Shannon diversity index (H′) and Dominance Simpson index (D) of 1.03 and 2.23, respectively. According to Spearman's correlation test, Mesometra brachycoelia and W. capitellata were negatively correlated to the host biological factors. On the other hand, R. fractum showed a positive correlation between its mean abundance and the total length of the fish. With these findings, we provided the component structure of the Digenean fauna of S. salpa and highlighted their diversity, contributing to the biodiversity of the parasitic Platyhelminthes in Algeria.
{"title":"Digenea community structure of the Salema, Sarpa salpa (Linnaeus, 1758) (Teleostei, Sparidae), from the Central coast of Algeria","authors":"A. Boukadoum, F. Tazerouti","doi":"10.2478/helm-2024-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2024-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The main goal of the current work was to describe and analyse the Digenean community structure in <jats:italic>Sarpa salpa.</jats:italic> A total of 114 specimens of <jats:italic>S. salpa</jats:italic> were collected from the Central Coast of Algeria at six localities. The fish were immediately transported to the laboratory to be examined for digeneans. From 107 of the 114 <jats:italic>S. salpa</jats:italic> examined, a total of 8,722 specimens of seven species belonging to three families were recovered. Among them, <jats:italic>Robphildollfusium fractum</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Mesometra orbicularis</jats:italic> were the most prevalent and abundant species. Moreover, <jats:italic>Lepocreadium album</jats:italic> was found for the first time in <jats:italic>S. salpa</jats:italic> from the coast of Algeria, and <jats:italic>Centroderma spinosissima</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Wardula capitellata</jats:italic> represent new parasites to the Algerian digenean fauna that infect teleost fish. The component community of these Digeneans is characterised by <jats:italic>R. fractum</jats:italic> as its dominant species representing 62% of the total number of collected Digeneans, as well by a Shannon diversity index (H′) and Dominance Simpson index (D) of 1.03 and 2.23, respectively. According to Spearman's correlation test, <jats:italic>Mesometra brachycoelia</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>W. capitellata</jats:italic> were negatively correlated to the host biological factors. On the other hand, <jats:italic>R. fractum</jats:italic> showed a positive correlation between its mean abundance and the total length of the fish. With these findings, we provided the component structure of the Digenean fauna of <jats:italic>S. salpa</jats:italic> and highlighted their diversity, contributing to the biodiversity of the parasitic Platyhelminthes in Algeria.","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140800277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. G. V. Paller, R. N. Fornesa, D. A. P. Fernandez, L. A. Estaño
Summary The continuous challenges of land use change have brought potential threats to biodiversity and the spread of zoonotic diseases. In this study, synanthropic rodents and their helminth parasites were used as sentinels to assess the potential impact of land use on zoonosis. Rats were collected in different ecosystems, namely agricultural, agroforest, and residential areas in the northeastern sub-watersheds of Mount Makiling, Laguna, Philippines. Three (3) species of rats were captured, namely, Rattus tanezumi, Rattus norvegicus, and Rattus exulans. Of the total 180 rats collected, 92.7 % were found infected with helminth parasites, namely Hymenolepis diminuta, Hymenolepis nana, Taenia pisiformis, and Strobilocercus fasciolaris (cestodes); Angiostrongylus cantonensis, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, Strongyloides ratti, Capillaria hepatica, Trichuris muris, and Rictularia sp. (nematodes); and Echinostoma ilocanum (trematode). Of these 11 species, nine (9) were considered zoonotic. This study provides important information on the helminth parasites of rats in the northeastern sub-watersheds of Mount Makiling and the potential threat of zoonotic transmission due to increasing land use change and urbanization in the area. Moreover, urbanization can provide favorable eco-epidemiological conditions for rodent-borne pathogens, such as parasites, that are seriously threatening agricultural settings and human settlements in these areas.
{"title":"Rats and their helminth parasites: Potential zoonosis threats of land use change in the northeastern sub-watersheds of Mount Makiling, Laguna, Philippines","authors":"V. G. V. Paller, R. N. Fornesa, D. A. P. Fernandez, L. A. Estaño","doi":"10.2478/helm-2024-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2024-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The continuous challenges of land use change have brought potential threats to biodiversity and the spread of zoonotic diseases. In this study, synanthropic rodents and their helminth parasites were used as sentinels to assess the potential impact of land use on zoonosis. Rats were collected in different ecosystems, namely agricultural, agroforest, and residential areas in the northeastern sub-watersheds of Mount Makiling, Laguna, Philippines. Three (3) species of rats were captured, namely, <jats:italic>Rattus tanezumi, Rattus norvegicus,</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Rattus exulans</jats:italic>. Of the total 180 rats collected, 92.7 % were found infected with helminth parasites, namely <jats:italic>Hymenolepis diminuta, Hymenolepis nana, Taenia pisiformis,</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Strobilocercus fasciolaris</jats:italic> (cestodes); <jats:italic>Angiostrongylus cantonensis, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Strongyloides ratti, Capillaria hepatica, Trichuris muris</jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Rictularia</jats:italic> sp. (nematodes); and <jats:italic>Echinostoma ilocanum</jats:italic> (trematode). Of these 11 species, nine (9) were considered zoonotic. This study provides important information on the helminth parasites of rats in the northeastern sub-watersheds of Mount Makiling and the potential threat of zoonotic transmission due to increasing land use change and urbanization in the area. Moreover, urbanization can provide favorable eco-epidemiological conditions for rodent-borne pathogens, such as parasites, that are seriously threatening agricultural settings and human settlements in these areas.","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140800382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary The World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology recently released new recommendations for the design of fecal egg count (FEC) reduction tests for livestock. These provide suggestions as to the number of animals to be sampled and the minimum number of eggs that must be counted to produce statistically meaningful results. One of the considerations for study design is the multiplication factor of the FEC method to be used; methods with lower multiplication factors require fewer animals to be sampled because they are presumed to count more eggs per test. However, multiplication factor is not the sole determinant of the number of eggs counted by any given method, since different techniques use very different sample extraction methodologies that could affect the number of eggs detected beyond just the amount of feces examined. In this light, we compared three commonly used manual FEC methods (mini-FLOTAC, McMaster and Wisconsin) and two automated methods (Imagyst and Parasight All-in-One) with respect to how many equine strongylid and ascarid eggs they counted in the same samples. McMaster and mini-FLOTAC (multiplication factors of 25x and 5x, respectively) produced the most accurate results of the methods tested but mini-FLOTAC counted approximately 5-times more eggs than McMaster. However, Wisconsin and Parasight (multiplication factor = 1x) counted 3-times more ova than mini-FLOTAC, which was less than the 5-fold difference in their multiplication factors. As a result, these tests perform with multiplication factors more akin to 1.6x relative to mini-FLOTAC. Imagyst, due to its unique sample preparation methodology, does not have a traditional multiplication factor but performed similarly to McMaster with respect to egg recovery.
摘要 世界兽医寄生虫学促进协会（World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology）最近发布了关于设计家畜粪便虫卵计数（FEC）还原试验的新建议。这些建议涉及需要采样的动物数量以及为得出有统计学意义的结果而必须计数的最低虫卵数量。研究设计的考虑因素之一是所使用的粪便计数法的倍增因子；倍增因子较低的方法需要采样的动物数量较少，因为它们被认为每次检测能计数更多的虫卵。然而，倍增因子并不是任何特定方法计数虫卵数量的唯一决定因素，因为不同技术使用的样本提取方法截然不同，这可能会影响检测到的虫卵数量，而不仅仅是粪便的数量。有鉴于此，我们比较了三种常用的手动 FEC 方法（mini-FLOTAC、McMaster 和 Wisconsin）和两种自动方法（Imagyst 和 Parasight All-in-One）在相同样本中计算出的马强虫卵和蛔虫卵数量。麦克马斯特和迷你FLOTAC（倍增因子分别为 25 倍和 5 倍）的结果是所有测试方法中最准确的，但迷你FLOTAC 的虫卵计数大约是麦克马斯特的 5 倍。然而，威斯康星和 Parasight（倍增因子 = 1x）计算出的卵数是迷你FLOTAC 的 3 倍，小于它们倍增因子 5 倍的差异。因此，与迷你FLOTAC 相比，这些测试的倍增因子更接近 1.6 倍。Imagyst 由于其独特的样品制备方法，没有传统的倍增因子，但在卵回收率方面的表现与麦克马斯特类似。
{"title":"Relative egg extraction efficiencies of manual and automated fecal egg count methods in equines","authors":"L. Britton, B. Ripley, P. Slusarewicz","doi":"10.2478/helm-2024-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2024-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology recently released new recommendations for the design of fecal egg count (FEC) reduction tests for livestock. These provide suggestions as to the number of animals to be sampled and the minimum number of eggs that must be counted to produce statistically meaningful results. One of the considerations for study design is the multiplication factor of the FEC method to be used; methods with lower multiplication factors require fewer animals to be sampled because they are presumed to count more eggs per test. However, multiplication factor is not the sole determinant of the number of eggs counted by any given method, since different techniques use very different sample extraction methodologies that could affect the number of eggs detected beyond just the amount of feces examined. In this light, we compared three commonly used manual FEC methods (mini-FLOTAC, McMaster and Wisconsin) and two automated methods (Imagyst and Parasight All-in-One) with respect to how many equine strongylid and ascarid eggs they counted in the same samples. McMaster and mini-FLOTAC (multiplication factors of 25x and 5x, respectively) produced the most accurate results of the methods tested but mini-FLOTAC counted approximately 5-times more eggs than McMaster. However, Wisconsin and Parasight (multiplication factor = 1x) counted 3-times more ova than mini-FLOTAC, which was less than the 5-fold difference in their multiplication factors. As a result, these tests perform with multiplication factors more akin to 1.6x relative to mini-FLOTAC. Imagyst, due to its unique sample preparation methodology, does not have a traditional multiplication factor but performed similarly to McMaster with respect to egg recovery.","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140800278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. D. Nguyen, H. T. Nguyen, T. M. L. Le, D. D. Hoang, T. D. Nguyen, Q. P. Trinh
Summary Pratylenchus coffeae, belonging to the root-lesion nematode group, is a highly prevalent and destructive plant-parasitic nematode that is able to infest a wide range of host plants. Although this species' devastating impacts on coffee plantations across the world are widely known on other host plants, its association with Ming aralia has never been reported. Our study characterized two popu lations of P. coffeae (associated with Ming aralia and coffee) and compared them with other popu lations from previous studies in Vietnam and other countries in the world. The identification of P. coffeae in our study was confirmed by the comprehensive analysis encompassing morphological examination, morphometric data, and molecular characterizations of the COI mtDNA and D2D3 of 28S rRNA regions. The cluster and MDS analyses revealed that the two populations of P. coffeae from Vietnam are closely related to those from Japan and Indonesia. The D2-D3 sequences of 28S rRNA and COI mtDNA regions exhibited high similarity among these populations, indicating a stable genetic profile. Our research contributes to a better understanding of the distribution and genetic characterizations of P. coffeae by offering new morphological and molecular insights into the presence of this nematode in Vietnam. Additionally, this nematode species was found to be associated with host plant's symptoms such as chlorotic leaves, stunted growth and root lesion in both hosts. Given the economic significance of both Ming aralia and coffee crops in Vietnam, as well as the damaging potential of P. coffeae, this study emphasizes the need of proactive nematode management measures to control this destructive pest.
摘要 Pratylenchus coffeae 属于根线虫类，是一种高度流行的破坏性植物寄生线虫，能够侵染多种寄主植物。虽然该物种对世界各地咖啡种植园的破坏性影响在其他寄主植物上已广为人知，但它与明胶树的关系却从未被报道过。我们的研究描述了两种咖啡蝇的种群特征（与明日叶和咖啡相关），并将它们与之前在越南和世界其他国家研究的其他种群进行了比较。通过形态学检查、形态计量学数据、COI mtDNA 和 28S rRNA D2D3 区域的分子特征等综合分析，确认了我们研究中的咖啡蕨类植物。聚类和 MDS 分析表明，越南的两个咖啡蝇种群与日本和印度尼西亚的咖啡蝇种群亲缘关系密切。这些种群之间的 28S rRNA 和 COI mtDNA 区域的 D2-D3 序列显示出高度的相似性，表明它们具有稳定的遗传特征。我们的研究有助于更好地了解 P. coffeae 的分布和遗传特征，为这种线虫在越南的存在提供了新的形态学和分子学见解。此外，我们还发现这种线虫与寄主植物的症状有关，如两种寄主的叶片萎黄、生长受阻和根部病变。鉴于明旱金莲和咖啡作物在越南的经济意义以及 P. coffeae 的破坏潜力，本研究强调了采取积极的线虫管理措施来控制这种破坏性害虫的必要性。
{"title":"Morphological and molecular characterizations of Pratylenchus coffeae infecting Ming aralia and coffee in Vietnam","authors":"H. D. Nguyen, H. T. Nguyen, T. M. L. Le, D. D. Hoang, T. D. Nguyen, Q. P. Trinh","doi":"10.2478/helm-2024-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2024-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Summary <jats:italic>Pratylenchus coffeae</jats:italic>, belonging to the root-lesion nematode group, is a highly prevalent and destructive plant-parasitic nematode that is able to infest a wide range of host plants. Although this species' devastating impacts on coffee plantations across the world are widely known on other host plants, its association with Ming aralia has never been reported. Our study characterized two popu lations of <jats:italic>P. coffeae</jats:italic> (associated with Ming aralia and coffee) and compared them with other popu lations from previous studies in Vietnam and other countries in the world. The identification of <jats:italic>P. coffeae</jats:italic> in our study was confirmed by the comprehensive analysis encompassing morphological examination, morphometric data, and molecular characterizations of the <jats:italic>COI</jats:italic> mtDNA and D2D3 of 28S rRNA regions. The cluster and MDS analyses revealed that the two populations of <jats:italic>P. coffeae</jats:italic> from Vietnam are closely related to those from Japan and Indonesia. The D2-D3 sequences of 28S rRNA and <jats:italic>COI</jats:italic> mtDNA regions exhibited high similarity among these populations, indicating a stable genetic profile. Our research contributes to a better understanding of the distribution and genetic characterizations of <jats:italic>P. coffeae</jats:italic> by offering new morphological and molecular insights into the presence of this nematode in Vietnam. Additionally, this nematode species was found to be associated with host plant's symptoms such as chlorotic leaves, stunted growth and root lesion in both hosts. Given the economic significance of both Ming aralia and coffee crops in Vietnam, as well as the damaging potential of <jats:italic>P. coffeae</jats:italic>, this study emphasizes the need of proactive nematode management measures to control this destructive pest.","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140800372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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