Summary During a survey of soil nematodes in South Africa, a species of predatory nematodes, namely Mylonchulus hawaiiensis was recovered from soil in the Magoebaskloof mountain of Limpopo Province, South Africa. The morphology of the material studied fit well with the previous populations of the same species. A molecular study of 18S rDNA region of M. hawaiiensis indicated a 100% similarity between the South African population and the Japanese population of M. hawaiiensis (AB361438; AB361439; AB361440; AB361442). In addition, phylogenetic analysis placed all M. hawaiiensis in a group with 0.97 posterior probability. Additionally, ITS rDNA of M. hawaiiensis amplified for the first time. However, Principal component analysis (PCA) showed a morphological variation among the different populations of M. hawaiiensis. In addition, haplotype analysis also revealed that the South African population is close to the Japanese population. In conclusion, 18S rDNA was a good marker for detecting M. hawaiiensis. Measurement, photographs, and phylogenetic position of South African M. hawaiinesis are given.
摘要 在对南非土壤线虫进行调查期间，从南非林波波省 Magoebaskloof 山的土壤中发现了一种掠食性线虫，即 Mylonchulus hawaiiensis。研究材料的形态与该物种以前的种群十分吻合。哈瓦伊蝇 18S rDNA 区域的分子研究表明，南非种群与日本哈瓦伊蝇种群（AB361438；AB361439；AB361440；AB361442）的相似度为 100%。此外，系统进化分析还将所有哈瓦伊蝠鲼归入一个组，后验概率为 0.97。此外，还首次扩增了哈瓦伊蝠的 ITS rDNA。然而，主成分分析（PCA）显示，M. hawaiiensis 不同种群之间存在形态差异。此外，单倍型分析还显示南非种群与日本种群接近。总之，18S rDNA 是检测 M. hawaiiensis 的良好标记。本文给出了南非哈瓦伊蝠的测量值、照片和系统发育位置。
{"title":"First molecular observation on Mylonchulus hawaiiensis from South Africa","authors":"E. Shokoohi","doi":"10.2478/helm-2024-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2024-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Summary During a survey of soil nematodes in South Africa, a species of predatory nematodes, namely <jats:italic>Mylonchulus hawaiiensis</jats:italic> was recovered from soil in the Magoebaskloof mountain of Limpopo Province, South Africa. The morphology of the material studied fit well with the previous populations of the same species. A molecular study of 18S rDNA region of <jats:italic>M. hawaiiensis</jats:italic> indicated a 100% similarity between the South African population and the Japanese population of <jats:italic>M. hawaiiensis</jats:italic> (AB361438; AB361439; AB361440; AB361442). In addition, phylogenetic analysis placed all <jats:italic>M. hawaiiensis</jats:italic> in a group with 0.97 posterior probability. Additionally, ITS rDNA of <jats:italic>M. hawaiiensis</jats:italic> amplified for the first time. However, Principal component analysis (PCA) showed a morphological variation among the different populations of <jats:italic>M. hawaiiensis</jats:italic>. In addition, haplotype analysis also revealed that the South African population is close to the Japanese population. In conclusion, 18S rDNA was a good marker for detecting <jats:italic>M. hawaiiensis</jats:italic>. Measurement, photographs, and phylogenetic position of South African <jats:italic>M. hawaiinesis</jats:italic> are given.","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140800379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Semprucci, L. Catani, E. Grassi, M. Jakubcsiková, A. Čerevková
Summary A general limitation of ecological investigations based on nematodes is related to the difficult and time-consuming taxonomic identification of species. Therefore, nematologists are investing many efforts to develop alternative approaches as proxies applicable in biomonitoring assessment. Recently, an alternative method that combines morpho-functional traits was proposed for detecting assemblage changes of marine nematodes. In view of the promising results, it was tested the same approach to document taxonomic structure changes of soil free-living and plant parasitic nematodes. Specifically, this attempt was carried out using three data sets that include studies from various European regions and different types of ecosystems: forests, grasslands and maize crops. Multivariate statistical analysis revealed that the simple combination of the four traits (i.e., buccal cavity cuticularization occurrence, amphideal fovea size and shape, morphology of the cuticle and pharynx) in a single code number perfectly mirrors the taxonomic structure trends of the nematode assemblage at genus level. Therefore, we predict that similar results can be also obtained by directly encoding nematode specimens with the selected traits and we point to new important advances if this procedure can be coupled with advanced machine learning.
{"title":"Simple, inexpensive, and rapid approach to detect changes in the structure of soil free-living nematodes","authors":"F. Semprucci, L. Catani, E. Grassi, M. Jakubcsiková, A. Čerevková","doi":"10.2478/helm-2024-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2024-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Summary A general limitation of ecological investigations based on nematodes is related to the difficult and time-consuming taxonomic identification of species. Therefore, nematologists are investing many efforts to develop alternative approaches as proxies applicable in biomonitoring assessment. Recently, an alternative method that combines morpho-functional traits was proposed for detecting assemblage changes of marine nematodes. In view of the promising results, it was tested the same approach to document taxonomic structure changes of soil free-living and plant parasitic nematodes. Specifically, this attempt was carried out using three data sets that include studies from various European regions and different types of ecosystems: forests, grasslands and maize crops. Multivariate statistical analysis revealed that the simple combination of the four traits (i.e., buccal cavity cuticularization occurrence, amphideal fovea size and shape, morphology of the cuticle and pharynx) in a single code number perfectly mirrors the taxonomic structure trends of the nematode assemblage at genus level. Therefore, we predict that similar results can be also obtained by directly encoding nematode specimens with the selected traits and we point to new important advances if this procedure can be coupled with advanced machine learning.","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140800369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. A. Ali, S. Niaz, N. Nasreen, A. Khan, S. Shafeeq, L. Aguilar-Marcelino, W. A. Safi, M. A. Zaki, J. De La Fuente, M. Ben Said
Summary This study investigates the presence of Trichuris trichiura eggs in soil samples collected from urban areas in Lahore, Pakistan. A total of 3600 soil samples were collected over two years from Lahore’s urban regions. The detection of helminth eggs in these samples was performed using sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) as a diagnostic technique. The study reveals an overall prevalence rate of T. trichiura at 0.97 % (35 out of 3600) in the contaminated soil samples from Lahore’s slum areas. When analyzing the data by geographical areas, the study found the highest prevalence of T. trichiura in Allama Iqbal Town (1.83 %, 11 out of 600), followed by Samanabad (1.16 %, 7 out of 600), Wapda Town (1.00 %, 6 out of 600), Gulberg (1.00 %, 6 out of 600), and Cantt (0.50 %, 3 out of 600). Conversely, Valencia Town had the lowest prevalence rate at 0.33 % (2 out of 600). However, these variations in prevalence rates were not statistically significant (p = 0.117). Prevalence rates of T. trichiura’s eggs varied significantly across different sampling seasons (p>0.001). In autumn, a total of 900 soil samples were collected, with 19 samples (2.11 %) testing positive for T. trichiura. This rate was notably higher compared to the prevalence rates observed in winter, spring, and summer, which were 0.66 %, 0.22 %, and 0.88 %, respectively. Regarding the sampling months, the study observed a significantly higher prevalence during September (3.33 %, 10 out of 300), followed by October (2.33 %, 7 out of 300), and August (1.33 %, 4 out of 300). Prevalence rates gradually decreased in other months, ranging from 1 % to 0.33 % (3 to 1 out of 300), with no parasite detection in March (0 %, 0 out of 300) (p < 0.001). This research underscores soil contamination due to fecal waste and highlights public unawareness of parasite biology, driven by open defecation practices.
{"title":"Temporal and spatial patterns of Trichuris trichiura eggs: a potential threat to human health in Pakistan","authors":"S. A. Ali, S. Niaz, N. Nasreen, A. Khan, S. Shafeeq, L. Aguilar-Marcelino, W. A. Safi, M. A. Zaki, J. De La Fuente, M. Ben Said","doi":"10.2478/helm-2024-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2024-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Summary This study investigates the presence of <jats:italic>Trichuris trichiura</jats:italic> eggs in soil samples collected from urban areas in Lahore, Pakistan. A total of 3600 soil samples were collected over two years from Lahore’s urban regions. The detection of helminth eggs in these samples was performed using sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) as a diagnostic technique. The study reveals an overall prevalence rate of <jats:italic>T. trichiura</jats:italic> at 0.97 % (35 out of 3600) in the contaminated soil samples from Lahore’s slum areas. When analyzing the data by geographical areas, the study found the highest prevalence of <jats:italic>T. trichiura</jats:italic> in Allama Iqbal Town (1.83 %, 11 out of 600), followed by Samanabad (1.16 %, 7 out of 600), Wapda Town (1.00 %, 6 out of 600), Gulberg (1.00 %, 6 out of 600), and Cantt (0.50 %, 3 out of 600). Conversely, Valencia Town had the lowest prevalence rate at 0.33 % (2 out of 600). However, these variations in prevalence rates were not statistically significant (p = 0.117). Prevalence rates of <jats:italic>T. trichiura</jats:italic>’s eggs varied significantly across different sampling seasons (p>0.001). In autumn, a total of 900 soil samples were collected, with 19 samples (2.11 %) testing positive for <jats:italic>T. trichiura</jats:italic>. This rate was notably higher compared to the prevalence rates observed in winter, spring, and summer, which were 0.66 %, 0.22 %, and 0.88 %, respectively. Regarding the sampling months, the study observed a significantly higher prevalence during September (3.33 %, 10 out of 300), followed by October (2.33 %, 7 out of 300), and August (1.33 %, 4 out of 300). Prevalence rates gradually decreased in other months, ranging from 1 % to 0.33 % (3 to 1 out of 300), with no parasite detection in March (0 %, 0 out of 300) (p < 0.001). This research underscores soil contamination due to fecal waste and highlights public unawareness of parasite biology, driven by open defecation practices.","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140800384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Milcheva, Z. Hurníková, K. Todorova, V. Dilcheva, S. Petkova, P. Janega, P. Babál
Summary The free radical nitric oxide (NO) and Ca2+ are critical regulators of skeletal muscle exercise performance and fatigue. The major source of NO in skeletal muscle cells is the neuronal form of the enzyme Nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). One of the most peculiar characteristics of the Nurse cell of Trichinella spiralis (T. spiralis) is the complete loss of the contractile capabilities of its derivative striated muscle fiber. The aim of the present study was to clarify the expression of nNOS protein and mRNA in striated muscles during the muscle phase of T. spiralis infection in mice. Muscle tissue samples were collected from mice at days 0, 14, 24, and 35 post infection (d.p.i.). The expression of nNOS was investigated by immunohistochemistry, and the expression levels of mRNA of mouse Nitric oxide synthase 1 (Nos1) by real-time PCR. The presence of nNOS protein was still well observable in the disintegrated sarcoplasm at the early stage of infection. The cytoplasm of the developing and mature Nurse cell showed the absence of this protein. At least at the beginning of the Nurse cell development, Trichinella uses the same repairing process of skeletal muscle cell, induced after any trauma and this corroborates very well our results concerning the nNOS expression on day 14 p.i. At a later stage, however, we could suggest that the down-regulation of nNOS in the Nurse cell of T. spiralis either serves a protective function or is an outcome of the genetic identity of the Nurse cell.
{"title":"Down-regulation of neuronal form of Nitric oxide synthase in the Nurse cell of Trichinella spiralis","authors":"R. Milcheva, Z. Hurníková, K. Todorova, V. Dilcheva, S. Petkova, P. Janega, P. Babál","doi":"10.2478/helm-2024-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2024-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The free radical nitric oxide (NO) and Ca<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup> are critical regulators of skeletal muscle exercise performance and fatigue. The major source of NO in skeletal muscle cells is the neuronal form of the enzyme Nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). One of the most peculiar characteristics of the Nurse cell of <jats:italic>Trichinella spiralis</jats:italic> (<jats:italic>T. spiralis</jats:italic>) is the complete loss of the contractile capabilities of its derivative striated muscle fiber. The aim of the present study was to clarify the expression of nNOS protein and mRNA in striated muscles during the muscle phase of <jats:italic>T. spiralis</jats:italic> infection in mice. Muscle tissue samples were collected from mice at days 0, 14, 24, and 35 post infection (d.p.i.). The expression of nNOS was investigated by immunohistochemistry, and the expression levels of mRNA of mouse Nitric oxide synthase 1 (<jats:italic>Nos1)</jats:italic> by real-time PCR. The presence of nNOS protein was still well observable in the disintegrated sarcoplasm at the early stage of infection. The cytoplasm of the developing and mature Nurse cell showed the absence of this protein. At least at the beginning of the Nurse cell development, <jats:italic>Trichinella</jats:italic> uses the same repairing process of skeletal muscle cell, induced after any trauma and this corroborates very well our results concerning the nNOS expression on day 14 p.i. At a later stage, however, we could suggest that the down-regulation of nNOS in the Nurse cell of <jats:italic>T. spiralis</jats:italic> either serves a protective function or is an outcome of the genetic identity of the Nurse cell.","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140800279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Albasyouni, S. Al-Quraishy, N. Al-Hoshani, T. Al-Otaibi, E. M. Al-Shaebi, R. Abdel-Gaber
Summary To treat and control parasitic infections, traditional medical remedies using plant products are utilized as antiparasitic agents rather than standard synthetic chemicals due to drug resistance. Myrrh, a resinous exudate of Commiphora myrrha (Burseraceae), is a powerful antioxidant with a variety of medicinal uses. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the myrrh methanolic extract (MyE) of three concentrations (100, 50, and 25 mg/ml) on the sporulation of oocysts and as an anthelminthic effector via in vitro study. Characterization of the plant was done by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The earthworm, Eisenia fetida, is used as a model worm to evaluate the anthelminthic activity of MyE. Eimeria labbeana-like oocysts are used as a model protozoan parasite in anticoccidial assays. The sporulation and inhibition (%) of E. labbeana-like were assessed by MyE compared to other chemical substances. FT-IR revealed the presence of twelve active compounds. Our results showed that paralysis and death of earthworms at MyE (100 mg/ml) were 7.88 ± 0.37 and 9.24 ± 0.60 min, respectively, which is more potency when compared to mebendazole (reference drug). In all treated worms, microscopic examinations revealed obvious surface architecture abnormality. This study shows that MyE affects oocysts sporulation in a dose-dependent manner. At 24 and 36 hr, a high concentration of MyE (100 mg/ml) inhibits sporulation by 90.95 and 87.17 %. At 36 hr, other concentrations of MyE (50 and 25 mg/ml), as well as amprolium, DettolTM, and phenol inhibits oocyst sporulation by 40.17 %, 29.34 %, 45.09 %, 85.11 %, and 61.58 %, respectively. According to our research, the MyE extract had powerful anthelmintic and anticoccidial properties.
{"title":"Evaluation of anthelminthic and antiprotozoal activity of myrrh (Commiphora myrrha) methanolic extract","authors":"S. Albasyouni, S. Al-Quraishy, N. Al-Hoshani, T. Al-Otaibi, E. M. Al-Shaebi, R. Abdel-Gaber","doi":"10.2478/helm-2024-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2024-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Summary To treat and control parasitic infections, traditional medical remedies using plant products are utilized as antiparasitic agents rather than standard synthetic chemicals due to drug resistance. Myrrh, a resinous exudate of <jats:italic>Commiphora myrrha</jats:italic> (Burseraceae), is a powerful antioxidant with a variety of medicinal uses. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the myrrh methanolic extract (MyE) of three concentrations (100, 50, and 25 mg/ml) on the sporulation of oocysts and as an anthelminthic effector via <jats:italic>in vitro</jats:italic> study. Characterization of the plant was done by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The earthworm, <jats:italic>Eisenia fetida</jats:italic>, is used as a model worm to evaluate the anthelminthic activity of MyE. <jats:italic>Eimeria labbeana</jats:italic>-like oocysts are used as a model protozoan parasite in anticoccidial assays. The sporulation and inhibition (%) of <jats:italic>E. labbeana</jats:italic>-like were assessed by MyE compared to other chemical substances. FT-IR revealed the presence of twelve active compounds. Our results showed that paralysis and death of earthworms at MyE (100 mg/ml) were 7.88 ± 0.37 and 9.24 ± 0.60 min, respectively, which is more potency when compared to mebendazole (reference drug). In all treated worms, microscopic examinations revealed obvious surface architecture abnormality. This study shows that MyE affects oocysts sporulation in a dose-dependent manner. At 24 and 36 hr, a high concentration of MyE (100 mg/ml) inhibits sporulation by 90.95 and 87.17 %. At 36 hr, other concentrations of MyE (50 and 25 mg/ml), as well as amprolium, Dettol<jats:sup>TM</jats:sup>, and phenol inhibits oocyst sporulation by 40.17 %, 29.34 %, 45.09 %, 85.11 %, and 61.58 %, respectively. According to our research, the MyE extract had powerful anthelmintic and anticoccidial properties.","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140800370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Paredes-Trujillo, D. I. Hernández-Mena, M. L. Aguirre-Macedo, M. B. Mendoza-Garfias, V. M. Vidal-Martínez
Summary Trypanorhynch cestode larvae were found parasitizing specimens of dusky flounder Syacium papillosum (Linnaeus, 1758) in the Southeastern Gulf of Mexico (s-GoM). Plerocercoids were recovered from a total of 194 flatfish, embedded in the intestine and stomach wall. Trypanorhynch were identified using morphology and a molecular phylogeny using newly sequenced partial 28S (region D1-D3) ribosomal DNA in combination with data derived from other species of trypanorhynchs available from GenBank. Larvae representing three genera of trypanorhynch cestodes, Nybelinia Poche, 1926; Kotorella Euzet & Radujkovic, 1989 and Oncomegas Dollfus, 1929 were found in dusky flounder specimens in the s-GoM. These plerocercoids represent six species: Nybelinia sp. 1, Nybelinia sp. 2, Nybelinia sp. 3, Nybelinia sp. 4, Kotorella pronosoma (Stossich, 1901) and Oncomegas wageneri (Linton, 1890) Dollfus, 1929. All cestode specimens in this study represent new locality records for their respective species.
{"title":"Larvae trypanorhynch (Cestoda) infecting the dusky flounder, Syacium papillosum (Paralichthyidae: Pleuronectiformes) in the continental shelf of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico","authors":"A. Paredes-Trujillo, D. I. Hernández-Mena, M. L. Aguirre-Macedo, M. B. Mendoza-Garfias, V. M. Vidal-Martínez","doi":"10.2478/helm-2024-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2024-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Trypanorhynch cestode larvae were found parasitizing specimens of dusky flounder <jats:italic>Syacium papillosum</jats:italic> (Linnaeus, 1758) in the Southeastern Gulf of Mexico (s-GoM). Plerocercoids were recovered from a total of 194 flatfish, embedded in the intestine and stomach wall. Trypanorhynch were identified using morphology and a molecular phylogeny using newly sequenced partial 28S (region D1-D3) ribosomal DNA in combination with data derived from other species of trypanorhynchs available from GenBank. Larvae representing three genera of trypanorhynch cestodes, <jats:italic>Nybelinia</jats:italic> Poche, 1926; <jats:italic>Kotorella</jats:italic> Euzet & Radujkovic, 1989 and <jats:italic>Oncomegas</jats:italic> Dollfus, 1929 were found in dusky flounder specimens in the s-GoM. These plerocercoids represent six species: <jats:italic>Nybelinia</jats:italic> sp. 1, <jats:italic>Nybelinia</jats:italic> sp. 2, <jats:italic>Nybelinia</jats:italic> sp. 3, <jats:italic>Nybelinia</jats:italic> sp. 4, <jats:italic>Kotorella pronosoma</jats:italic> (Stossich, 1901) and <jats:italic>Oncomegas wageneri</jats:italic> (Linton, 1890) Dollfus, 1929. All cestode specimens in this study represent new locality records for their respective species.","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140800388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) are a group of communicable diseases with a long history with human beings. NTDs are the proxy of poverty since they affect those in low-income and extreme-poverty populations, as those populations lack access to proper health care, clean water, sanitary conditions, and hygiene. NTDs create losses for a nation that come from the health and the economic sectors as well since the costs of diagnosis, prevention, and treatment strain the national purse strings. One of the 20 different forms of NTDs on the list is food-borne trematodes, comprises of Fasciola, Paragonimus, Clonorchis, and Opisthorchis. Currently, it is estimated that food-borne trematodes can cause a devastating effect on mortality and morbidity. All of them are zoonotic, as humans become infected by ingestion of a second intermediate host, such as freshwater snails, fish, or water vegetables. Opisthorchis viverrini, one of the food-borne trematodes that can be found mostly in South East Asia regions, especially in the Mekong basin, is regarded as a group 1 carcinogen leading to cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). This study aims to present the updated review of Opisthorchis viverrini and CCA.
{"title":"Fish and Food-Fatale: Food-borne Trematode Opisthorchis viverrini and Cholangiocarcinoma","authors":"S. Tan, M. Machrumnizar","doi":"10.2478/helm-2023-0036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2023-0036","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) are a group of communicable diseases with a long history with human beings. NTDs are the proxy of poverty since they affect those in low-income and extreme-poverty populations, as those populations lack access to proper health care, clean water, sanitary conditions, and hygiene. NTDs create losses for a nation that come from the health and the economic sectors as well since the costs of diagnosis, prevention, and treatment strain the national purse strings. One of the 20 different forms of NTDs on the list is food-borne trematodes, comprises of <jats:italic>Fasciola</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Paragonimus</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Clonorchis</jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Opisthorchis</jats:italic>. Currently, it is estimated that food-borne trematodes can cause a devastating effect on mortality and morbidity. All of them are zoonotic, as humans become infected by ingestion of a second intermediate host, such as freshwater snails, fish, or water vegetables. <jats:italic>Opisthorchis viverrini</jats:italic>, one of the food-borne trematodes that can be found mostly in South East Asia regions, especially in the Mekong basin, is regarded as a group 1 carcinogen leading to cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). This study aims to present the updated review of <jats:italic>Opisthorchis viverrini</jats:italic> and CCA.","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139462823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Tandan, S. Kshetri, S. Paudel, P. Dhakal, R. C. Kyes, L. Khanal
Summary Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) are distributed across Nepal in close association with humans and with a high probability of sharing of soil-transmitted intestinal helminth parasites. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence, richness and risk factors of gastrointestinal (GI) helminth parasites among rhesus macaques and humans in the Daunne Forest area, a community managed forest in the central mid-hills of Nepal. A total of 190 fecal samples, including 120 samples from rhesus macaques residing around the Daunne Devi Temple and in the surrounding forest, and 70 from local people, were microscopically examined by direct wet mount, floatation and sedimentation methods. Seasonal and age-sex based variations in helminth parasite prevalence were analyzed. Among the rhesus macaques, the total parasite prevalence was 39.2 %. Strongyloides sp. accounted for the highest prevalence (19.17 %) followed by Ascaris sp. (13.33 %), hookworm (10.83 %) and Trichuris sp. (4.17 %). Among the humans, Ascaris lumbricoides (11.3 %) was the only parasite detected. The Sorenson’s coefficient of similarity of GI parasites between the macaques and local people at the generic level was 0.4. Mean parasite richness for the macaques was 1.21 ± 0.41 (SD) per infected sample. Parasite prevalence in the summer season (41.4 %) was higher than in the winter season (36 %). Adult macaques (41.67 %) had higher GI parasite prevalence than the young (30.77 %) and infants (27.27 %). Among the adult macaques, the prevalence rate was significantly higher (P=0.005) in females (52.46 %) than in males (22.86 %). Our results indicate that the temple rhesus macaques have a high prevalence of GI helminth parasites and could pose a potential zoonotic risk. As such, the need for routine monitoring and an effective management strategy is essential.
{"title":"Prevalence of gastrointestinal helminth parasites in rhesus macaques and local residents in the central mid-hills of Nepal","authors":"S. Tandan, S. Kshetri, S. Paudel, P. Dhakal, R. C. Kyes, L. Khanal","doi":"10.2478/helm-2023-0037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2023-0037","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Rhesus macaques (<jats:italic>Macaca mulatta)</jats:italic> are distributed across Nepal in close association with humans and with a high probability of sharing of soil-transmitted intestinal helminth parasites. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence, richness and risk factors of gastrointestinal (GI) helminth parasites among rhesus macaques and humans in the Daunne Forest area, a community managed forest in the central mid-hills of Nepal. A total of 190 fecal samples, including 120 samples from rhesus macaques residing around the Daunne Devi Temple and in the surrounding forest, and 70 from local people, were microscopically examined by direct wet mount, floatation and sedimentation methods. Seasonal and age-sex based variations in helminth parasite prevalence were analyzed. Among the rhesus macaques, the total parasite prevalence was 39.2 %. <jats:italic>Strongyloides</jats:italic> sp. accounted for the highest prevalence (19.17 %) followed by <jats:italic>Ascaris</jats:italic> sp. (13.33 %), hookworm (10.83 %) and <jats:italic>Trichuris</jats:italic> sp. (4.17 %). Among the humans, <jats:italic>Ascaris lumbricoides</jats:italic> (11.3 %) was the only parasite detected. The Sorenson’s coefficient of similarity of GI parasites between the macaques and local people at the generic level was 0.4. Mean parasite richness for the macaques was 1.21 ± 0.41 (SD) per infected sample. Parasite prevalence in the summer season (41.4 %) was higher than in the winter season (36 %). Adult macaques (41.67 %) had higher GI parasite prevalence than the young (30.77 %) and infants (27.27 %). Among the adult macaques, the prevalence rate was significantly higher (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic>=0.005) in females (52.46 %) than in males (22.86 %). Our results indicate that the temple rhesus macaques have a high prevalence of GI helminth parasites and could pose a potential zoonotic risk. As such, the need for routine monitoring and an effective management strategy is essential.","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139463056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary This study aimed to identify the helminth parasites of invasive anuran species in selected barangays in Butuan City, Philippines. In urbanized areas, invasive species dominate anuran diversity, and one of the primary threats they pose to native wildlife is the transmission of diseases and parasites. Out of the 91 collected individuals of invasive anuran species, Rhinella marina was the most abundant (88 %), followed by Hoplobatrachus rugulosus (12 %) and Kaloula pulchra (3 %). The study identified five species of parasites, with Spirometra sp. being the most prevalent (17.58 %), followed by Echinostoma sp. (16.5 %), Rhabdias bufonis (14.3 %), Cosmocerca sp. (6.6 %), and Strongyloides stercoralis (3.30 %), respectively. Spirometra sp. also had the highest intensity (7.67), followed by Cosmocerca sp. (5), Strongyloides stercoralis (3.33), Rhabdias bufonis (3.30), and Echinostoma sp. (2.73). This parasitological survey revealed that H. rugulosus had the highest prevalence and infection of parasites, and residential areas had the highest parasite prevalence among the habitat types. Adult hosts were found to harbor a higher prevalence and intensity, and male hosts had a higher prevalence. The results highlight the high risk of parasite transmission from anurans to other animals and emphasize the need for the community to control the population of invasive anuran species for the safety of native anurans and to prevent zoonotic transmission to other animals and humans.
{"title":"Parasitic helminths of alien invasive anurans in Butuan City, Northeastern Mindanao, Philippines","authors":"CA. V. Torralba, E. F. Gamalinda, L. A. Estaño","doi":"10.2478/helm-2023-0040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2023-0040","url":null,"abstract":"Summary This study aimed to identify the helminth parasites of invasive anuran species in selected barangays in Butuan City, Philippines. In urbanized areas, invasive species dominate anuran diversity, and one of the primary threats they pose to native wildlife is the transmission of diseases and parasites. Out of the 91 collected individuals of invasive anuran species, <jats:italic>Rhinella marina</jats:italic> was the most abundant (88 %), followed by <jats:italic>Hoplobatrachus rugulosus</jats:italic> (12 %) and <jats:italic>Kaloula pulchra</jats:italic> (3 %). The study identified five species of parasites, with <jats:italic>Spirometra</jats:italic> sp. being the most prevalent (17.58 %), followed by <jats:italic>Echinostoma</jats:italic> sp. (16.5 %), <jats:italic>Rhabdias bufonis</jats:italic> (14.3 %), <jats:italic>Cosmocerca</jats:italic> sp. (6.6 %), and <jats:italic>Strongyloides stercoralis</jats:italic> (3.30 %), respectively. <jats:italic>Spirometra</jats:italic> sp. also had the highest intensity (7.67), followed by <jats:italic>Cosmocerc</jats:italic>a sp. (5), <jats:italic>Strongyloides stercoralis</jats:italic> (3.33), <jats:italic>Rhabdias bufonis</jats:italic> (3.30), and <jats:italic>Echinostom</jats:italic>a sp. (2.73). This parasitological survey revealed that <jats:italic>H. rugulosus</jats:italic> had the highest prevalence and infection of parasites, and residential areas had the highest parasite prevalence among the habitat types. Adult hosts were found to harbor a higher prevalence and intensity, and male hosts had a higher prevalence. The results highlight the high risk of parasite transmission from anurans to other animals and emphasize the need for the community to control the population of invasive anuran species for the safety of native anurans and to prevent zoonotic transmission to other animals and humans.","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139462927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary Alongside natural factors, human activities have a major impact on the marine environment and thus influence processes in vulnerable ecosystems. The major purpose of this review is to summarise the current understanding as to how manmade factors influence the marine biocenosis of helminths, their intermediate hosts as well as seabirds as their final hosts. Moreover, it highlights current knowledge gaps regarding this ecosystem, which should be closed in order to gain a more complete understanding of these interactions. This work is primarily focused on helminths parasitizing seabirds of the North Atlantic and the Arctic Ocean. The complex life cycles of seabird helminths may be impacted by fishing and aquaculture, as they interfere with the abundance of fish and seabird species, while the latter also affects the geographical distribution of intermediate hosts (marine bivalve and fish species), and may therefore alter the intertwined marine ecosystem. Increasing temperatures and seawater acidification as well as environmental pollutants may have negative or positive effects on different parts of this interactive ecosystem and may entail shifts in the abundance or regional distribution of parasites and/or intermediate and final hosts. Organic pollutants and trace elements may weaken the immune system of the hosting seabirds and hence affect the final host’s ability to control the endoparasites. On the other hand, in some cases helminths seem to function as a sink for trace elements resulting in decreased concentrations of heavy metals in birds’ tissues. Furthermore, this article also describes the role of helminths in mass mortality events amongst seabird populations, which beside natural causes (weather, viral and bacterial infections) have anthropogenous origin as well (e.g. oil spills, climate change, overfishing and environmental pollution).
{"title":"Impact of anthropogenous environmental factors on the marine ecosystem of trophically transmitted helminths and hosting seabirds: Focus on North Atlantic, North Sea, Baltic and the Arctic seas","authors":"U. Schwantes","doi":"10.2478/helm-2023-0034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2023-0034","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Alongside natural factors, human activities have a major impact on the marine environment and thus influence processes in vulnerable ecosystems. The major purpose of this review is to summarise the current understanding as to how manmade factors influence the marine biocenosis of helminths, their intermediate hosts as well as seabirds as their final hosts. Moreover, it highlights current knowledge gaps regarding this ecosystem, which should be closed in order to gain a more complete understanding of these interactions. This work is primarily focused on helminths parasitizing seabirds of the North Atlantic and the Arctic Ocean. The complex life cycles of seabird helminths may be impacted by fishing and aquaculture, as they interfere with the abundance of fish and seabird species, while the latter also affects the geographical distribution of intermediate hosts (marine bivalve and fish species), and may therefore alter the intertwined marine ecosystem. Increasing temperatures and seawater acidification as well as environmental pollutants may have negative or positive effects on different parts of this interactive ecosystem and may entail shifts in the abundance or regional distribution of parasites and/or intermediate and final hosts. Organic pollutants and trace elements may weaken the immune system of the hosting seabirds and hence affect the final host’s ability to control the endoparasites. On the other hand, in some cases helminths seem to function as a sink for trace elements resulting in decreased concentrations of heavy metals in birds’ tissues. Furthermore, this article also describes the role of helminths in mass mortality events amongst seabird populations, which beside natural causes (weather, viral and bacterial infections) have anthropogenous origin as well (e.g. oil spills, climate change, overfishing and environmental pollution).","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139462541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：