Helminthologia最新文献

The rapid emergence of anthelmintic resistance (AR) among gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) in Europe, particularly to benzimidazoles (BZ), levamisole (LEV), and macrocyclic lactones (ML), presents a growing challenge to sheep farming. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of resistance to BZ, IVM, and LEV in Lithuanian sheep farms. In vitro micro-agar larval development tests (MALDT), recognized as the most efficient in vitro method for large-scale epidemiological studies, were used. The research was conducted from 2021 to 2022 across 38 sheep farms throughout Lithuania. Findings indicate widespread resistance to IVM (47.4 %) and BZ (39.5 %), while LEV resistance was not detected. Multidrug resistance (MDR) to both IVM and BZ was found in 28.9 % of farms. Trichostrongylus, Teladorsagia, and Haemonchus were identified as resistant species. Our results reveal a lower prevalence of AR compared to previous studies, highlighting the critical importance of randomized sampling. The study underscores the need for strategic anthelmintic management and enhanced cooperation among researchers, veterinarians, and farmers to mitigate the spread of AR in Lithuanian sheep farms.

Plant parasitic nematodes (PPNs) are one of the most important pests on banana plantations. This research was conducted to identify the dominant PPNs species threat in banana cultivation. The purposive sampling method was performed in banana plantations to collect the roots of banana plants and the soil around them to extract the nematodes. Nematode identification was carried out morphologically, morphometrically, and molecularly using the primer pair D2A/D3B. The highest population of PPNs from root and soil sample (respectively) in Turi were Radopholus (84 nematodes/10 gram root) and Helicotylenchus (37.3 nematodes/100 mL soil), in Kasihan were Pratylenchus (181.3 nematodes/10 gram root) and Meloidogyne (53.3 nematodes/100 mL soil), while in Jetis were both Helicotylenchus with population of 480 nematode/10 gram root and 120 nematode/100 mL soil. Phylogenetic analysis placed the population of R. similis from Turi, Yogyakarta in a monophyletic clade with R. similis from Tanzania, China, and Colombia. The Kasihan, Yogyakarta population of P. coffeae was placed in a monophyletic clade with P. coffeae from China and Tanzania. Additionally, the Jetis, Yogyakarta population of H. multicinctus was separated from H. multicinctus populations from Nigeria, China, Sudan, Vietnam, Brazil, India, Florida, Greece, and Colombia. These results could be used as the database of morphological, morphometric, and molecular characteristics of nematode species in Indonesia and as a basis for future banana parasitic nematode management.

During a study of nematodes associated with aquatic plants in Jordan, a species of the sheathoid nematode Hemicycliophora conida Thorne, 1955 was recovered from soil associated with roots of sea rush plants, Juncus maritimus Lam., from the Zarqa River. Morphological, morphometric, and molecular data of recovered females and males of this nematode are included. This study represents the first record of H. conida in Jordan. This sheathoid nematode's presence could adversely affect plants like J. maritimus, which are of industrial, medicinal, and environmental significance. The impact of H. conida on this aquatic and other aquatic plants in the Zarqa River needs to be studied further.

Several diseases, including cancer and parasites, may be treated with medicinal plants. The purpose of this study was to examine in vitro the phytochemical profile, cytotoxic, and anthelmintic properties of Olea europaea stem and leaves methanolic extracts (OESME and OELME, respectively). Using FT-IR technology, phytochemical makeup was examined, and evaluation of antioxidant activity by ABTS and FRAP methods for plant extracts was examined. An MTT test was used to analyze the cytotoxicity of OESME and OELME against breast (MCF-7) and lung (A549) cell lines. The anthelmintic effect of OESME and OELME against Eisenia fetida was tested in vitro. Albendazole (10 mg/mL) was utilized as a positive control, and distilled water as a negative control. Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) proved 14 and 15 phytochemical compounds in OESME and OELME, respectively. The findings showed that OESME exhibited a higher ABTS inhibition at 100 µg/mL (96.8 ± 0.02 mg GAE/L) compared to OELME (94.9 ± 0.04 mg GAE/L). The FRAP assay also revealed increased antioxidant activity peaking at 100 µg/mL, with OELME at 0.455 ± 0.002 mg GAE/L and OESME at 0.51 ± 0.003 mg GAE/L. Furthermore, OESME and OELME exhibited moderate cytotoxic effects against A549 and MCF-7 cell lines. The IC₅₀ for OESME on the A549 cell line was 303.5 ± 3.25 μg/mL, while for OELME, it was 252.5 ± 3.9 μg/mL. In the MCF-7 cell line, the IC₅₀ values were 326.5 ± 2.87 μg/mL for OESME and 363.3 ± 3.04 μg/mL for OELME. In terms of anthelminthic activity, paralysis and death occurred within 35.728 ± 2.396 and 39.158 ± 4.068 minutes, respectively, at the most efficacious dose of OESME and OELME (200 mg/mL). Mebendazole, on the other hand, demonstrated paralysis and death at 13.91 ± 0.373 and 18.2 ± 0.980 minutes, respectively. A significant surface structural anomaly was found by histologically analyzing the treated worms compared to the control group. Our results demonstrated the anthelminthic action and cytotoxicity of O. europaea extracts, which encourages more in-vivo research to be done in the quest for more affordable and effective therapeutic sides.

Contracaecum jorgei is a parasite within the Anisakidae family. This parasite has been recently reported in several South American countries, including Argentina, Brazil, and Colombia, as well as in Central American countries such as Costa Rica and Guatemala. In this study conducted on Centropomus armatus, a prevalence rate of 6 % (1/15) was observed, with two parasites found in the celomic cavity., The nematode larvae samples were sequenced, and the resulting phylogenetic trees clustered these sequences with sequences available in GenBank, identified as C. jorgei. This marks the first report of C. jorgei in Panama and provides the initial sequences of the small subunit of the mitochondrial ribosomal RNA gene (rrnS) fragment for this species.

Two species of sea turtles, the loggerhead (Caretta caretta) and the green turtle (Chelonia mydas), use Turkey's Mediterranean and rarely Aegean Sea coasts for nesting and foraging. The injured sea turtles are regularly transferred for treatment to the Sea Turtle Research, Rescue and Rehabilitation Center (DEKAMER) Muğla Ortaca-Dalyan (Turkey) from the different coasts of the these two seasthese include Çanakkale, Balıkesir, İzmir and Aydın (Aegean Sea); Antalya and Mersin (Mediterranean Sea) and also Muğla (it has two coasts both Aegean Sea and Mediterranean Sea). In this study, both internal and external parasites and epibiont species of turtles that died during treatment were examined. This is the first detailed parasitological and epibiont study on these sea turtles in the Turkish coast. Twenty-two adult Caretta caretta and twelve green turtles were examined and these symbiotic groups were recorded: endoparasitic digeneans and nematodes, and epibiotic annelids and cirripeds (barnacles). The observed three digenean species (Pyelosomum renicapite, Learedius learedi and Deuterobaris proteus) are recorded in Turkey for the first time. Also, Ch. mydas and C. caretta represent new host records for these digenean species in Turkey. Ch. mydas represents a new host record for two cirriped species (Chelonibia testudinaria and Lepas hillii) from Turkey and C. caretta also represent a new host record for Ozobranchus margoi from Turkey. Based on the available literature, the implications of these symbionts on sea turtle health are discussed, highlighting the importance of recording parasitic data of sea turtles. The study of internal and external parasites is very important, especially for the treatment of sea turtles under rehabilitation.

We present data on helminths harboured by Pelasgian Rock Lizard Anatololacerta pelasgiana (Mertens, 1959) from several localities in Muğla province, Türkiye. Five helminth species (Nematoda) were found in A. pelesgiana: Oswaldocruzia filiformis, Physalopteroides sp., Thubunae sp., Spauligodon cabrerae and Spauligodon aloisei. Overall helminth prevalences were not relatively high for this species [27/44 (61.3 %)]; helminth assemblages from host species were depauperate and dominated by generalist helminths with direct life cycles.

Enterobiasis is one of the most common human parasitic infections worldwide and in Bulgaria. The objective of this study was to ascertain the levels of intestinal secretory IgA antibodies in patients with enterobiasis, to determine the local immune response in this helminthiasis, and to evaluate its influence on clinical manifestations during infection. Faecal samples from 102 enterobiasis patients and 40 clinically healthy controls were examined. In individuals infected with Enterobius vermicularis, the range of values for SIgA was higher (from 27.5 μg/ml to 13916 μg/ml). However, no statistically significant difference was found between them and those in persons without evidence of infection (from 27.5 to 8999 μg/ml). In both groups of individuals (infected and non-infected), we observed differences in the levels of SIgA, which appeared to be dependent on the age and gender of the subjects. Significantly, higher values were observed in children and adolescents, as well as in males. In individuals with enterobiasis, a higher level of SIgA was observed in those with pronounced clinical symptoms (mean value = 2198.74) compared to asymptomatic individuals (mean value = 1588.54). The highest levels were observed in patients presenting with perianal pruritus (mean value = 3559.54). Our study of the local humoral immune response in people with enterobiasis is the first of its kind in the country. The results clearly show a direct correlation between the presence of clinical symptoms in enterobiasis and elevated levels of secretory IgA in faeces.

This study aims to investigate the soil-transmitted helminth infection among school-age children in Gresik, East Java, Indonesia. An analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted from July to November 2023 in selected elementary schools in Gresik, East Java, Indonesia. Logistic regression analysis was employed to assess the impact of each risk factor on the likelihood of infection transmission. A total of 183 school-age children were screened for the occurrence of helminth eggs in their feces. Twenty-two feces samples from 183 children were positive for helminth egg, consisting of 14 children infected by Ascaris lumbricoides (6.36 %), 3 children infected by Trichuris trichiura (1.304 %), 3 children infected by Oxyuris vermicularis (1.304 %), and 3 children infected by Hookworm (1.304 %). The highest prevalence was found in 7-year-old children (31.8 %). Children who pulled off shoes while in school were more likely to be infected with an overall OR of 8.392 (95 % CI 1.63 - 43.65). Children who played in the dumpsite were more likely to be infected with an overall OR of 4.521 (95 % CI 0.578 - 31.28). Children who washed before eating were more likely to be infected with an overall OR of 3.579 (95 % CI 0.587 - 21.835). Therefore, to lessen the prevalence of STHs among school-age children in Gresik, we recommend improving hygiene conditions in schools. The government should prioritize enrolling all primary schools in hygiene classes as the school health program.

A total of 40 fish samples of the twobar seabream, Acanthopagrus bifasciatus (Sparidae), were collected from January to June 2023 in the Arabian Gulf (Saudi Arabia). Fish samples were surveyed for ectoparasitic taxa. This study revealed the presence of one monogenetic species in A. bifasciatus gills. Parasitic prevalence and the mean value of intensity were 32.5% and 10, respectively. This parasite species has all the morphological characteristics of Polylabris, a genus erected by Euzet and Cauwet, 1967 (Microcotylidae), and mostly resembles Polylabris lingaoensis Tingbao, Kritsky, and Jun, 2007 on the presence of follicular testes ranging between 6-8, two rows of parallel microcotylid clamps in the haptoral structure with 35-45 per each, the conical form of the male copulatory organ, as well as the absence of genital armature. Molecular identification of this Polylabris species was conducted through sequencing of the partial nuclear large subunit (28S) of the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and the mitochondrial gene of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI). 28S rRNA genetic sequences were found to be conserved across several Polylabris spp., whereas, COI sequences were found to be more informative even with intraspecific variation. Therefore, the isolation of P. lingaoensis, provided herein, represents its first report on a marine sparid fish from Saudi Arabia. Furthermore, the reported sequences are also new genetic data for P. lingaoensis. Our findings will serve as the basis for any future study on monogeneans in Saudi waters.