Summary This study aimed to identify the helminth parasites of invasive anuran species in selected barangays in Butuan City, Philippines. In urbanized areas, invasive species dominate anuran diversity, and one of the primary threats they pose to native wildlife is the transmission of diseases and parasites. Out of the 91 collected individuals of invasive anuran species, Rhinella marina was the most abundant (88 %), followed by Hoplobatrachus rugulosus (12 %) and Kaloula pulchra (3 %). The study identified five species of parasites, with Spirometra sp. being the most prevalent (17.58 %), followed by Echinostoma sp. (16.5 %), Rhabdias bufonis (14.3 %), Cosmocerca sp. (6.6 %), and Strongyloides stercoralis (3.30 %), respectively. Spirometra sp. also had the highest intensity (7.67), followed by Cosmocerca sp. (5), Strongyloides stercoralis (3.33), Rhabdias bufonis (3.30), and Echinostoma sp. (2.73). This parasitological survey revealed that H. rugulosus had the highest prevalence and infection of parasites, and residential areas had the highest parasite prevalence among the habitat types. Adult hosts were found to harbor a higher prevalence and intensity, and male hosts had a higher prevalence. The results highlight the high risk of parasite transmission from anurans to other animals and emphasize the need for the community to control the population of invasive anuran species for the safety of native anurans and to prevent zoonotic transmission to other animals and humans.
{"title":"Parasitic helminths of alien invasive anurans in Butuan City, Northeastern Mindanao, Philippines","authors":"CA. V. Torralba, E. F. Gamalinda, L. A. Estaño","doi":"10.2478/helm-2023-0040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2023-0040","url":null,"abstract":"Summary This study aimed to identify the helminth parasites of invasive anuran species in selected barangays in Butuan City, Philippines. In urbanized areas, invasive species dominate anuran diversity, and one of the primary threats they pose to native wildlife is the transmission of diseases and parasites. Out of the 91 collected individuals of invasive anuran species, <jats:italic>Rhinella marina</jats:italic> was the most abundant (88 %), followed by <jats:italic>Hoplobatrachus rugulosus</jats:italic> (12 %) and <jats:italic>Kaloula pulchra</jats:italic> (3 %). The study identified five species of parasites, with <jats:italic>Spirometra</jats:italic> sp. being the most prevalent (17.58 %), followed by <jats:italic>Echinostoma</jats:italic> sp. (16.5 %), <jats:italic>Rhabdias bufonis</jats:italic> (14.3 %), <jats:italic>Cosmocerca</jats:italic> sp. (6.6 %), and <jats:italic>Strongyloides stercoralis</jats:italic> (3.30 %), respectively. <jats:italic>Spirometra</jats:italic> sp. also had the highest intensity (7.67), followed by <jats:italic>Cosmocerc</jats:italic>a sp. (5), <jats:italic>Strongyloides stercoralis</jats:italic> (3.33), <jats:italic>Rhabdias bufonis</jats:italic> (3.30), and <jats:italic>Echinostom</jats:italic>a sp. (2.73). This parasitological survey revealed that <jats:italic>H. rugulosus</jats:italic> had the highest prevalence and infection of parasites, and residential areas had the highest parasite prevalence among the habitat types. Adult hosts were found to harbor a higher prevalence and intensity, and male hosts had a higher prevalence. The results highlight the high risk of parasite transmission from anurans to other animals and emphasize the need for the community to control the population of invasive anuran species for the safety of native anurans and to prevent zoonotic transmission to other animals and humans.","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139462927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Tandan, S. Kshetri, S. Paudel, P. Dhakal, R. C. Kyes, L. Khanal
Summary Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) are distributed across Nepal in close association with humans and with a high probability of sharing of soil-transmitted intestinal helminth parasites. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence, richness and risk factors of gastrointestinal (GI) helminth parasites among rhesus macaques and humans in the Daunne Forest area, a community managed forest in the central mid-hills of Nepal. A total of 190 fecal samples, including 120 samples from rhesus macaques residing around the Daunne Devi Temple and in the surrounding forest, and 70 from local people, were microscopically examined by direct wet mount, floatation and sedimentation methods. Seasonal and age-sex based variations in helminth parasite prevalence were analyzed. Among the rhesus macaques, the total parasite prevalence was 39.2 %. Strongyloides sp. accounted for the highest prevalence (19.17 %) followed by Ascaris sp. (13.33 %), hookworm (10.83 %) and Trichuris sp. (4.17 %). Among the humans, Ascaris lumbricoides (11.3 %) was the only parasite detected. The Sorenson’s coefficient of similarity of GI parasites between the macaques and local people at the generic level was 0.4. Mean parasite richness for the macaques was 1.21 ± 0.41 (SD) per infected sample. Parasite prevalence in the summer season (41.4 %) was higher than in the winter season (36 %). Adult macaques (41.67 %) had higher GI parasite prevalence than the young (30.77 %) and infants (27.27 %). Among the adult macaques, the prevalence rate was significantly higher (P=0.005) in females (52.46 %) than in males (22.86 %). Our results indicate that the temple rhesus macaques have a high prevalence of GI helminth parasites and could pose a potential zoonotic risk. As such, the need for routine monitoring and an effective management strategy is essential.
{"title":"Prevalence of gastrointestinal helminth parasites in rhesus macaques and local residents in the central mid-hills of Nepal","authors":"S. Tandan, S. Kshetri, S. Paudel, P. Dhakal, R. C. Kyes, L. Khanal","doi":"10.2478/helm-2023-0037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2023-0037","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Rhesus macaques (<jats:italic>Macaca mulatta)</jats:italic> are distributed across Nepal in close association with humans and with a high probability of sharing of soil-transmitted intestinal helminth parasites. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence, richness and risk factors of gastrointestinal (GI) helminth parasites among rhesus macaques and humans in the Daunne Forest area, a community managed forest in the central mid-hills of Nepal. A total of 190 fecal samples, including 120 samples from rhesus macaques residing around the Daunne Devi Temple and in the surrounding forest, and 70 from local people, were microscopically examined by direct wet mount, floatation and sedimentation methods. Seasonal and age-sex based variations in helminth parasite prevalence were analyzed. Among the rhesus macaques, the total parasite prevalence was 39.2 %. <jats:italic>Strongyloides</jats:italic> sp. accounted for the highest prevalence (19.17 %) followed by <jats:italic>Ascaris</jats:italic> sp. (13.33 %), hookworm (10.83 %) and <jats:italic>Trichuris</jats:italic> sp. (4.17 %). Among the humans, <jats:italic>Ascaris lumbricoides</jats:italic> (11.3 %) was the only parasite detected. The Sorenson’s coefficient of similarity of GI parasites between the macaques and local people at the generic level was 0.4. Mean parasite richness for the macaques was 1.21 ± 0.41 (SD) per infected sample. Parasite prevalence in the summer season (41.4 %) was higher than in the winter season (36 %). Adult macaques (41.67 %) had higher GI parasite prevalence than the young (30.77 %) and infants (27.27 %). Among the adult macaques, the prevalence rate was significantly higher (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic>=0.005) in females (52.46 %) than in males (22.86 %). Our results indicate that the temple rhesus macaques have a high prevalence of GI helminth parasites and could pose a potential zoonotic risk. As such, the need for routine monitoring and an effective management strategy is essential.","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139463056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary Alongside natural factors, human activities have a major impact on the marine environment and thus influence processes in vulnerable ecosystems. The major purpose of this review is to summarise the current understanding as to how manmade factors influence the marine biocenosis of helminths, their intermediate hosts as well as seabirds as their final hosts. Moreover, it highlights current knowledge gaps regarding this ecosystem, which should be closed in order to gain a more complete understanding of these interactions. This work is primarily focused on helminths parasitizing seabirds of the North Atlantic and the Arctic Ocean. The complex life cycles of seabird helminths may be impacted by fishing and aquaculture, as they interfere with the abundance of fish and seabird species, while the latter also affects the geographical distribution of intermediate hosts (marine bivalve and fish species), and may therefore alter the intertwined marine ecosystem. Increasing temperatures and seawater acidification as well as environmental pollutants may have negative or positive effects on different parts of this interactive ecosystem and may entail shifts in the abundance or regional distribution of parasites and/or intermediate and final hosts. Organic pollutants and trace elements may weaken the immune system of the hosting seabirds and hence affect the final host’s ability to control the endoparasites. On the other hand, in some cases helminths seem to function as a sink for trace elements resulting in decreased concentrations of heavy metals in birds’ tissues. Furthermore, this article also describes the role of helminths in mass mortality events amongst seabird populations, which beside natural causes (weather, viral and bacterial infections) have anthropogenous origin as well (e.g. oil spills, climate change, overfishing and environmental pollution).
{"title":"Impact of anthropogenous environmental factors on the marine ecosystem of trophically transmitted helminths and hosting seabirds: Focus on North Atlantic, North Sea, Baltic and the Arctic seas","authors":"U. Schwantes","doi":"10.2478/helm-2023-0034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2023-0034","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Alongside natural factors, human activities have a major impact on the marine environment and thus influence processes in vulnerable ecosystems. The major purpose of this review is to summarise the current understanding as to how manmade factors influence the marine biocenosis of helminths, their intermediate hosts as well as seabirds as their final hosts. Moreover, it highlights current knowledge gaps regarding this ecosystem, which should be closed in order to gain a more complete understanding of these interactions. This work is primarily focused on helminths parasitizing seabirds of the North Atlantic and the Arctic Ocean. The complex life cycles of seabird helminths may be impacted by fishing and aquaculture, as they interfere with the abundance of fish and seabird species, while the latter also affects the geographical distribution of intermediate hosts (marine bivalve and fish species), and may therefore alter the intertwined marine ecosystem. Increasing temperatures and seawater acidification as well as environmental pollutants may have negative or positive effects on different parts of this interactive ecosystem and may entail shifts in the abundance or regional distribution of parasites and/or intermediate and final hosts. Organic pollutants and trace elements may weaken the immune system of the hosting seabirds and hence affect the final host’s ability to control the endoparasites. On the other hand, in some cases helminths seem to function as a sink for trace elements resulting in decreased concentrations of heavy metals in birds’ tissues. Furthermore, this article also describes the role of helminths in mass mortality events amongst seabird populations, which beside natural causes (weather, viral and bacterial infections) have anthropogenous origin as well (e.g. oil spills, climate change, overfishing and environmental pollution).","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139462541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. T. Ojo, O. A. Idowu, K. O. Ademolu, J. O. Olukunle
Summary Gastrointestinal parasites which are responsible for soil-transmitted helminthiases cause illness globally. The control of helminthiasis depends on mass distribution of anthelmintics which has been reported for its resistance, toxicity and low efficacy. In this study, anthelmintic potentials of Gongronema latifolium and Picralima nitida which have wide application in traditional medicine were determined in vivo using Heligmosomoides bakeri a naturally occurring gastro-intestinal parasite of rodents that is closely related to highly prevalent human nematode parasites. Extracts of P. nitida at 500 mg/kg had higher (p< 0.05) chemosuppression (92.45 %) than extracts of G. latifolium (65.82 %) and was highly comparable to albendazole (92.61 %). As the dose of the extracts increased from 300 to 500 mg/kg body weight, chemosuppression of 84.91 % and 92.45 % (P. nitida) and 43.54 % and 65.82 % (G. latifolium) respectively were produced. The extract of P. nitida gave deparasitization rates (p<0.05) of 72.60 % and 77.16 % at 300g/kg and 500mg/kg of body weight respectively. The glucose level and protein content reduced (p<0.05) in mice treated with extract of P. nitida when compared with extract of G. latifolium and untreated mice. Phytochemical screening revealed that P. nitida and G. latifolium contained flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins and polyphenols. Acute toxicity studies showed that Gongronema latifolium and Picralima nitida have no apparent toxic effect in mice even at the dose of 5000 mg/kg. Extracts of P. nitida and G. latifolium have anthelmintic properties that are dose-dependent, and this could offer potential lead for the development of safe, effective and affordable anthelmintics.
{"title":"In vivo anthelmintic potentials of Gongronema latifolium and Picralima nitida against gastrointestinal parasite (Heligmosomoides bakeri)","authors":"F. T. Ojo, O. A. Idowu, K. O. Ademolu, J. O. Olukunle","doi":"10.2478/helm-2023-0033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2023-0033","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Gastrointestinal parasites which are responsible for soil-transmitted helminthiases cause illness globally. The control of helminthiasis depends on mass distribution of anthelmintics which has been reported for its resistance, toxicity and low efficacy. In this study, anthelmintic potentials of <jats:italic>Gongronema latifolium</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Picralima nitida</jats:italic> which have wide application in traditional medicine were determined <jats:italic>in vivo</jats:italic> using <jats:italic>Heligmosomoides bakeri</jats:italic> a naturally occurring gastro-intestinal parasite of rodents that is closely related to highly prevalent human nematode parasites. Extracts of <jats:italic>P. nitida</jats:italic> at 500 mg/kg had higher (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic>< 0.05) chemosuppression (92.45 %) than extracts of <jats:italic>G. latifolium</jats:italic> (65.82 %) and was highly comparable to albendazole (92.61 %). As the dose of the extracts increased from 300 to 500 mg/kg body weight, chemosuppression of 84.91 % and 92.45 % (<jats:italic>P. nitida</jats:italic>) and 43.54 % and 65.82 % (<jats:italic>G. latifolium</jats:italic>) respectively were produced. The extract of <jats:italic>P. nitida</jats:italic> gave deparasitization rates (p<0.05) of 72.60 % and 77.16 % at 300g/kg and 500mg/kg of body weight respectively. The glucose level and protein content reduced (p<0.05) in mice treated with extract of <jats:italic>P. nitida</jats:italic> when compared with extract of <jats:italic>G. latifolium</jats:italic> and untreated mice. Phytochemical screening revealed that <jats:italic>P. nitida</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>G. latifolium</jats:italic> contained flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins and polyphenols. Acute toxicity studies showed that <jats:italic>Gongronema latifolium</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Picralima nitida</jats:italic> have no apparent toxic effect in mice even at the dose of 5000 mg/kg. Extracts of <jats:italic>P. nitida</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>G. latifolium</jats:italic> have anthelmintic properties that are dose-dependent, and this could offer potential lead for the development of safe, effective and affordable anthelmintics.","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":"165 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139462542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Vivanco-Aranda, S. Tanahara, O. B. Del Rio-Zaragoza
Summary Globally, the exploitation of small pelagic fish, like Pacific mackerel is of great importance due to food industry demand. However, there are few studies regarding its parasites load and there are no in this geographic zone. This study aimed to assess the parasitic composition, some temporal changes (during spring and summer) in abundance, prevalence and intensity of infection parasitic of the Pacific mackerel (Scomber japonicus) from Todos Santos Bay, Baja California, Mexico. The parasite fauna of the Pacific mackerel consisted of 1930 parasites (1413 in spring and 517 in summer) distributed in the follow taxa: an Tetraphyllidea (Cestoda), Kuhnia scombri (Monogenea), Didymozoidae (Digenea), Anisakis sp. (Nematoda), Rhadinorhynchus sp. (Acanthocephala) and Caligus pelamydis (Copepoda). The nematodes parasite were the most abundant both in spring with a mean abundance of 27.6 parasites and in summer 8.2 parasites compared with the other taxa like Cestoda, Monogenea, Digenea, Acanthocephala and Copepoda (P = 0.003). The mean intensity of the nematodes in spring and summer was 28.1 and 13.4, respectively. The nematodes prevalence was 90 % in spring and 60 % in summer. In general, the parasite load is more abundant in spring than summer. In summer, absence of taxa as Cestoda and Copepoda were registered. Nematode larvae were present in the fish guts mesentery and inside of the stomach, pyloric caeca, intestine. Also the nematodes were found in the liver, muscle and gonads. The most affected organ by nematodes was the intestine mesentery. The most predominant parasite of this study has been Anisakis sp. during spring.
{"title":"Parasitic load of the Pacific mackerel, Scomber japonicus (Pisces: Scombridae) from Northwestern Baja California, Mexico","authors":"M. Vivanco-Aranda, S. Tanahara, O. B. Del Rio-Zaragoza","doi":"10.2478/helm-2023-0039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2023-0039","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Globally, the exploitation of small pelagic fish, like Pacific mackerel is of great importance due to food industry demand. However, there are few studies regarding its parasites load and there are no in this geographic zone. This study aimed to assess the parasitic composition, some temporal changes (during spring and summer) in abundance, prevalence and intensity of infection parasitic of the Pacific mackerel (<jats:italic>Scomber japonicus</jats:italic>) from Todos Santos Bay, Baja California, Mexico. The parasite fauna of the Pacific mackerel consisted of 1930 parasites (1413 in spring and 517 in summer) distributed in the follow taxa: an Tetraphyllidea (Cestoda), <jats:italic>Kuhnia scombri</jats:italic> (Monogenea), Didymozoidae (Digenea), <jats:italic>Anisakis</jats:italic> sp. (Nematoda), <jats:italic>Rhadinorhynchus</jats:italic> sp. (Acanthocephala) and <jats:italic>Caligus pelamydis</jats:italic> (Copepoda). The nematodes parasite were the most abundant both in spring with a mean abundance of 27.6 parasites and in summer 8.2 parasites compared with the other taxa like Cestoda, Monogenea, Digenea, Acanthocephala and Copepoda (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = 0.003). The mean intensity of the nematodes in spring and summer was 28.1 and 13.4, respectively. The nematodes prevalence was 90 % in spring and 60 % in summer. In general, the parasite load is more abundant in spring than summer. In summer, absence of taxa as Cestoda and Copepoda were registered. Nematode larvae were present in the fish guts mesentery and inside of the stomach, pyloric caeca, intestine. Also the nematodes were found in the liver, muscle and gonads. The most affected organ by nematodes was the intestine mesentery. The most predominant parasite of this study has been <jats:italic>Anisakis</jats:italic> sp. during spring.","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139462827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Yu. Tkachenko, I. Dudliv, Y. Kvach, I. Dykyi, K. Nazaruk, M. Ondračková
Summary This study describes the parasite community of non-native brown bullhead, Ameiurus nebulosus (Actinopterygii: Ictaluridae), collected at three sites in the river Vistula Basin (Lake Svitiaz, Lake Pisochne, and Lake on Plastova) and one site in the river Diester Basin (Lake Stryiska), in Ukraine. Our data represent the first comprehensive study of parasite community in this fish species in Europe. Sixteen parasite taxa were found, including species co-introduced from North America and species acquired in the European range. Maximum parasite richness (13 spp.) was recorded in Lake Svitiaz situated in a Natural Protected Area, while lowest species richness (3 spp.) was observed at Lake on Plastova, an artificial pond in the city of Lviv. Three co-introduced monogenean species, Gyrodactylus nebulosus, Ligictaluridus pricei and Ligictaluridus monticellii, are recorded in Ukraine for the first time, widening the knowledge of the European distribution of these North American parasites. Metric features for hard parts of invasive and native monogeneans showed overlap in ligictalurid parasites, but slightly smaller metrics in Ukrainian G. nebulosus, possibly reflecting water temperature during fish sampling. Though prevalence and abundance of acquired parasites was relatively low, infection parameters for metacercariae of Diplostomum spp. were relatively high at Lake Svitiaz and the natural Lake Stryiska in Lviv. In two lakes in the Vistula basin, we found high prevalence and abundance of Anguillicola crassus, an Asian nematode infecting eels, possibly supporting the invasional meltdown hypothesis. Our study confirms both further spread of non-native parasites in Europe and use of non-native fish as competent hosts for local native and introduced parasites.
{"title":"First data on parasites of the invasive brown bullhead Ameiurus nebulosus (Siluriformes: Ictaluridae) in Ukraine","authors":"M. Yu. Tkachenko, I. Dudliv, Y. Kvach, I. Dykyi, K. Nazaruk, M. Ondračková","doi":"10.2478/helm-2023-0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2023-0035","url":null,"abstract":"Summary This study describes the parasite community of non-native brown bullhead, <jats:italic>Ameiurus nebulosus</jats:italic> (Actinopterygii: Ictaluridae), collected at three sites in the river Vistula Basin (Lake Svitiaz, Lake Pisochne, and Lake on Plastova) and one site in the river Diester Basin (Lake Stryiska), in Ukraine. Our data represent the first comprehensive study of parasite community in this fish species in Europe. Sixteen parasite taxa were found, including species co-introduced from North America and species acquired in the European range. Maximum parasite richness (13 spp.) was recorded in Lake Svitiaz situated in a Natural Protected Area, while lowest species richness (3 spp.) was observed at Lake on Plastova, an artificial pond in the city of Lviv. Three co-introduced monogenean species, <jats:italic>Gyrodactylus nebulosus</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Ligictaluridus pricei</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Ligictaluridus monticellii</jats:italic>, are recorded in Ukraine for the first time, widening the knowledge of the European distribution of these North American parasites. Metric features for hard parts of invasive and native monogeneans showed overlap in ligictalurid parasites, but slightly smaller metrics in Ukrainian <jats:italic>G. nebulosus</jats:italic>, possibly reflecting water temperature during fish sampling. Though prevalence and abundance of acquired parasites was relatively low, infection parameters for metacercariae of <jats:italic>Diplostomum</jats:italic> spp. were relatively high at Lake Svitiaz and the natural Lake Stryiska in Lviv. In two lakes in the Vistula basin, we found high prevalence and abundance of <jats:italic>Anguillicola crassus</jats:italic>, an Asian nematode infecting eels, possibly supporting the invasional meltdown hypothesis. Our study confirms both further spread of non-native parasites in Europe and use of non-native fish as competent hosts for local native and introduced parasites.","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139463022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. T. Nguyen, T. D. Nguyen, T. M. L. Le, Q. P. Trinh
Summary This paper presents a method for capturing Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) photographs of small specimens, including nematodes, arthropods, small insects, and other meiofauna. Our method is tailored to handle nematode specimens mounted on permanent slides, an area with relatively limited documentation. Besides, the process of transferring such delicate specimens from one solution to another has historically posed numerous challenges. To address this issue, we introduce a low-cost and easy-made container designed specifically to facilitate the aforementioned procedure, with a particular focus on SEM photography. The newly introduced container offers a practical solution that enhances the efficiency and effectiveness of specimen handling, ultimately enabling high-quality SEM imaging. This method holds significant promise for researchers working in the field of micro-scopic organism analysis, providing a valuable tool for their investigations with minimum cost.
摘要 本文介绍了一种捕捉小型标本（包括线虫、节肢动物、小型昆虫和其他小型动物）扫描电子显微镜（SEM）照片的方法。我们的方法专为处理安装在永久性载玻片上的线虫标本而设计，这方面的文献相对有限。此外，将如此精细的标本从一种溶液转移到另一种溶液的过程历来都是一个巨大的挑战。为了解决这个问题，我们推出了一种成本低廉、易于制作的容器，专门用于简化上述程序，尤其适用于 SEM 摄影。新推出的容器提供了一种实用的解决方案，可提高标本处理的效率和效果，最终实现高质量的 SEM 成像。对于从事微观生物分析的研究人员来说，这种方法大有可为，能以最低的成本为他们的研究提供有价值的工具。
{"title":"Method for taking Scanning Electron Microscope photographs of nematodes and meiofauna with the support of a low-cost and easy-made container","authors":"H. T. Nguyen, T. D. Nguyen, T. M. L. Le, Q. P. Trinh","doi":"10.2478/helm-2023-0041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2023-0041","url":null,"abstract":"Summary This paper presents a method for capturing Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) photographs of small specimens, including nematodes, arthropods, small insects, and other meiofauna. Our method is tailored to handle nematode specimens mounted on permanent slides, an area with relatively limited documentation. Besides, the process of transferring such delicate specimens from one solution to another has historically posed numerous challenges. To address this issue, we introduce a low-cost and easy-made container designed specifically to facilitate the aforementioned procedure, with a particular focus on SEM photography. The newly introduced container offers a practical solution that enhances the efficiency and effectiveness of specimen handling, ultimately enabling high-quality SEM imaging. This method holds significant promise for researchers working in the field of micro-scopic organism analysis, providing a valuable tool for their investigations with minimum cost.","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139462545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. V. Zaragoza-Vera, R. Gonzalez-Garduño, G. Arjona-Jimenez, M. Zaragoza-Vera, A. J. Aguilar-Caballero, O. M. Torres-Chable
Summary The objective was to identify the optimal stage of production to evaluate the resistance of Pelibuey ewes against gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN). Faecal egg count (FEC) was used to classify the ewes as resistant, sensible or intermediate against GIN. Forty-seven ewes were mating during 30 d. The gestation was verified by ultrasonography, and the breeding date was used to calculate the productive stages. Faeces were taken weekly to determine the FEC. Blood samples were taken to determine the packed cell volume (PCV), the peripheral eosinophils count (PEC), plasma protein concentration (PP), and Immunoglobulin A (IgA) against Haemonchus contortus. The body condition score (BCS) was recorded at each visit. Six moments during the study (early, mid and late gestation; early, mid and late lactation) were considered. The ewes were classified according to FEC (mean FEC ± three standard errors). The higher FEC occurred during all lactation stages than during early and mid-gestation stages (P<0.05). PCV, PP, and BCS during early gestation stage were higher than shown during the lactation stages (P<0.01). The PEC and IgA were higher during all lactation stages than early and mid-gestation stages (P<0.05). Concerning the type of birth, double births showed higher FEC than single birth (P<0.01). The highest values of accuracy (100 %) and concordance (Youden's J = 1.0) were found during early lactation. Therefore, it is concluded that the optimal stage of production to evaluate phenotypic resistance against GIN infections in Pelibuey ewes was during the early lactation.
{"title":"Optimum timing for assessing phenotypic resistance against gastrointestinal nematodes in Pelibuey ewes","authors":"C. V. Zaragoza-Vera, R. Gonzalez-Garduño, G. Arjona-Jimenez, M. Zaragoza-Vera, A. J. Aguilar-Caballero, O. M. Torres-Chable","doi":"10.2478/helm-2023-0038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2023-0038","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The objective was to identify the optimal stage of production to evaluate the resistance of Pelibuey ewes against gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN). Faecal egg count (FEC) was used to classify the ewes as resistant, sensible or intermediate against GIN. Forty-seven ewes were mating during 30 d. The gestation was verified by ultrasonography, and the breeding date was used to calculate the productive stages. Faeces were taken weekly to determine the FEC. Blood samples were taken to determine the packed cell volume (PCV), the peripheral eosinophils count (PEC), plasma protein concentration (PP), and Immunoglobulin A (IgA) against <jats:italic>Haemonchus contortus</jats:italic>. The body condition score (BCS) was recorded at each visit. Six moments during the study (early, mid and late gestation; early, mid and late lactation) were considered. The ewes were classified according to FEC (mean FEC ± three standard errors). The higher FEC occurred during all lactation stages than during early and mid-gestation stages (P<0.05). PCV, PP, and BCS during early gestation stage were higher than shown during the lactation stages (P<0.01). The PEC and IgA were higher during all lactation stages than early and mid-gestation stages (P<0.05). Concerning the type of birth, double births showed higher FEC than single birth (P<0.01). The highest values of accuracy (100 %) and concordance (Youden's J = 1.0) were found during early lactation. Therefore, it is concluded that the optimal stage of production to evaluate phenotypic resistance against GIN infections in Pelibuey ewes was during the early lactation.","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139462587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ľ. Juhásová, A. Königová, L. Molnár, P. Major, I. Králová-Hromadová, E. Čisovská Bazsalovicsová
Summary An injured young individual of the Eastern Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca; Accipitridae) from the Protected Bird Area „Medzibodrožie” in the south-eastern Slovakia was subjected to the complete clinical examination at the Clinic for Birds and Exotic Animals of the University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy. Adult trematodes were isolated from the pharynx of the eagle after oesophagoscopy. The morphological and molecular identification of the flukes confirmed a trematode Cathaemasia hians (Cathaemasiidae), the obligate parasite of black storks (Ciconia nigra) and white storks (Ciconia ciconia). This finding represents the first documented case of C. hians in new bird host species and indicates broader spectrum of definitive hosts of the fluke.
{"title":"First record of Cathaemasia hians (Trematoda: Cathaemasiidae) in a new bird host, the Eastern Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca)","authors":"Ľ. Juhásová, A. Königová, L. Molnár, P. Major, I. Králová-Hromadová, E. Čisovská Bazsalovicsová","doi":"10.2478/helm-2023-0032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2023-0032","url":null,"abstract":"Summary An injured young individual of the Eastern Imperial Eagle (<jats:italic>Aquila heliaca</jats:italic>; Accipitridae) from the Protected Bird Area „Medzibodrožie” in the south-eastern Slovakia was subjected to the complete clinical examination at the Clinic for Birds and Exotic Animals of the University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy. Adult trematodes were isolated from the pharynx of the eagle after oesophagoscopy. The morphological and molecular identification of the flukes confirmed a trematode <jats:italic>Cathaemasia hians</jats:italic> (Cathaemasiidae), the obligate parasite of black storks (<jats:italic>Ciconia nigra</jats:italic>) and white storks (<jats:italic>Ciconia ciconia</jats:italic>). This finding represents the first documented case of <jats:italic>C. hians</jats:italic> in new bird host species and indicates broader spectrum of definitive hosts of the fluke.","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139462770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-26eCollection Date: 2023-09-01DOI: 10.2478/helm-2023-0027
S Sekimoto, T Inaba
In April 2019, baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) seedlings from Thailand, exhibiting galls on the roots, were intercepted during an import plant quarantine inspection at Chubu Centrair International Airport, Japan. Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) were extracted from the galled roots of baobab seedlings and identified by morphological, morphometrical and molecular methods as the guava root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne enterolobii Yang & Eisenback. The morphology and morphometrics of the intercepted population were similar to those of the original and subsequent descriptions of M. enterolobii. The sequences of D2-D3 of 28S rRNA, mtDNA intergenic COII-16S rRNA and COI genes obtained in this study matched well (99-100% similarity) with each of the gene sequences of M. enterolobii deposited in GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis of these genes revealed that the intercepted population clustered with M. enterolobii and clearly differed from other RKN species. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of M. enterolobii from baobab.
2019年4月，日本中部Centrair国际机场在一次进口植物检疫检查中截获了来自泰国的猴面包树（Adansonia digitata L.）幼苗，其根部出现虫瘿。从猴面包树幼苗有虫瘿的根部提取了根结线虫（RKNs），并通过形态学、形态计量学和分子学方法鉴定为番石榴根结线虫 Meloidogyne enterolobii Yang & Eisenback。截获种群的形态和形态计量学特征与最初和后来对 M. enterolobii 的描述相似。本研究获得的 28S rRNA、mtDNA 基因间 COII-16S rRNA 和 COI 基因的 D2-D3 序列与 GenBank 中保存的 M. enterolobii 各基因序列吻合良好（相似度为 99-100%）。这些基因的系统进化分析表明，截获的种群与 M. enterolobii 聚类，与其他 RKN 物种明显不同。据我们所知，这是第一份关于猴面包树肠杆菌的报告。
{"title":"Characterization of <i>Meloidogyne enterolobii</i> intercepted from baobab (<i>Adansonia digitata</i> L.) seedlings from Thailand during Japanese import plant quarantine inspection.","authors":"S Sekimoto, T Inaba","doi":"10.2478/helm-2023-0027","DOIUrl":"10.2478/helm-2023-0027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In April 2019, baobab (<i>Adansonia digitata</i> L.) seedlings from Thailand, exhibiting galls on the roots, were intercepted during an import plant quarantine inspection at Chubu Centrair International Airport, Japan. Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) were extracted from the galled roots of baobab seedlings and identified by morphological, morphometrical and molecular methods as the guava root-knot nematode, <i>Meloidogyne enterolobii</i> Yang & Eisenback. The morphology and morphometrics of the intercepted population were similar to those of the original and subsequent descriptions of <i>M. enterolobii</i>. The sequences of D2-D3 of 28S rRNA, mtDNA intergenic COII-16S rRNA and COI genes obtained in this study matched well (99-100% similarity) with each of the gene sequences of <i>M. enterolobii</i> deposited in GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis of these genes revealed that the intercepted population clustered with <i>M. enterolobii</i> and clearly differed from other RKN species. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of <i>M. enterolobii</i> from baobab.</p>","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":"60 3","pages":"263-271"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10750247/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139049819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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