Pub Date : 2023-12-26eCollection Date: 2023-09-01DOI: 10.2478/helm-2023-0027
S Sekimoto, T Inaba
In April 2019, baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) seedlings from Thailand, exhibiting galls on the roots, were intercepted during an import plant quarantine inspection at Chubu Centrair International Airport, Japan. Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) were extracted from the galled roots of baobab seedlings and identified by morphological, morphometrical and molecular methods as the guava root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne enterolobii Yang & Eisenback. The morphology and morphometrics of the intercepted population were similar to those of the original and subsequent descriptions of M. enterolobii. The sequences of D2-D3 of 28S rRNA, mtDNA intergenic COII-16S rRNA and COI genes obtained in this study matched well (99-100% similarity) with each of the gene sequences of M. enterolobii deposited in GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis of these genes revealed that the intercepted population clustered with M. enterolobii and clearly differed from other RKN species. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of M. enterolobii from baobab.
2019年4月,日本中部Centrair国际机场在一次进口植物检疫检查中截获了来自泰国的猴面包树(Adansonia digitata L.)幼苗,其根部出现虫瘿。从猴面包树幼苗有虫瘿的根部提取了根结线虫(RKNs),并通过形态学、形态计量学和分子学方法鉴定为番石榴根结线虫 Meloidogyne enterolobii Yang & Eisenback。截获种群的形态和形态计量学特征与最初和后来对 M. enterolobii 的描述相似。本研究获得的 28S rRNA、mtDNA 基因间 COII-16S rRNA 和 COI 基因的 D2-D3 序列与 GenBank 中保存的 M. enterolobii 各基因序列吻合良好(相似度为 99-100%)。这些基因的系统进化分析表明,截获的种群与 M. enterolobii 聚类,与其他 RKN 物种明显不同。据我们所知,这是第一份关于猴面包树肠杆菌的报告。
{"title":"Characterization of <i>Meloidogyne enterolobii</i> intercepted from baobab (<i>Adansonia digitata</i> L.) seedlings from Thailand during Japanese import plant quarantine inspection.","authors":"S Sekimoto, T Inaba","doi":"10.2478/helm-2023-0027","DOIUrl":"10.2478/helm-2023-0027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In April 2019, baobab (<i>Adansonia digitata</i> L.) seedlings from Thailand, exhibiting galls on the roots, were intercepted during an import plant quarantine inspection at Chubu Centrair International Airport, Japan. Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) were extracted from the galled roots of baobab seedlings and identified by morphological, morphometrical and molecular methods as the guava root-knot nematode, <i>Meloidogyne enterolobii</i> Yang & Eisenback. The morphology and morphometrics of the intercepted population were similar to those of the original and subsequent descriptions of <i>M. enterolobii</i>. The sequences of D2-D3 of 28S rRNA, mtDNA intergenic COII-16S rRNA and COI genes obtained in this study matched well (99-100% similarity) with each of the gene sequences of <i>M. enterolobii</i> deposited in GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis of these genes revealed that the intercepted population clustered with <i>M. enterolobii</i> and clearly differed from other RKN species. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of <i>M. enterolobii</i> from baobab.</p>","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10750247/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139049819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-26eCollection Date: 2023-09-01DOI: 10.2478/helm-2023-0026
A M McCarthy, J C Litten-Brown, M A Collins
The intestinal trematode fauna of the Water Vole Arvicola amphibius, (previously A. terrestris), was investigated to determine whether it might provide evidence of an animal component in the diet of this aquatic herbivorous small mammal. Interrogation of the electronic Host-Parasite Database of the Natural History Museum London revealed the presence of fourteen species of intestinal trematode in water voles, infection with each of which would require the ingestion of tissue from an animal intermediate host. The results obtained using these parasite indicators provide convincing evidence of animal components in the diet of A. amphibius and support anecdotal reports of water voles feeding on animal material in the field.
研究人员对水田鼠 Arvicola amphibius(以前为 A. terrestris)的肠道吸虫动物群进行了调查,以确定是否有证据表明这种水生草食性小型哺乳动物的食物中含有动物成分。通过查询伦敦自然历史博物馆的电子宿主-寄生虫数据库,发现水田鼠体内存在 14 种肠道吸虫,感染每一种吸虫都需要摄取动物中间宿主的组织。利用这些寄生虫指标得出的结果提供了令人信服的证据,证明两栖田鼠的食物中有动物成分,并证实了田鼠在野外取食动物材料的传闻。
{"title":"Trematode parasites as indicators of an animal component in the diet of the Water Vole <i>Arvicola amphibius</i>.","authors":"A M McCarthy, J C Litten-Brown, M A Collins","doi":"10.2478/helm-2023-0026","DOIUrl":"10.2478/helm-2023-0026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The intestinal trematode fauna of the Water Vole <i>Arvicola amphibius</i>, (previously <i>A. terrestris</i>), was investigated to determine whether it might provide evidence of an animal component in the diet of this aquatic herbivorous small mammal. Interrogation of the electronic Host-Parasite Database of the Natural History Museum London revealed the presence of fourteen species of intestinal trematode in water voles, infection with each of which would require the ingestion of tissue from an animal intermediate host. The results obtained using these parasite indicators provide convincing evidence of animal components in the diet of <i>A. amphibius</i> and support anecdotal reports of water voles feeding on animal material in the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10750240/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139049826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-26eCollection Date: 2023-09-01DOI: 10.2478/helm-2023-0029
V Čermák, B Nježić, N Nazarashvili, E Gvritishvili, K Tománková, H Orságová, M Majeská, J Foit, P Vieira
Bursaphelenchus mucronatus was detected in association with the pine sawyer beetle (Monochamus galloprovincialis) during the implementation and testing of cross traps with insect attractants as an efficient tool for detection survey for pine wood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Georgia in 2017 and 2018, respectively. This nematode was characterized by morphological, morphometric and molecular features. This is the first report of B. mucronatus in association with a M. galloprovincialis in Bosnia and Herzegovina and in Georgia.
2017 年和 2018 年,在波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那以及格鲁吉亚分别实施和测试了带昆虫引诱剂的交叉诱捕器,将其作为检测调查松材线虫(Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)的有效工具,在此过程中发现了与松材线虫(Monochamus galloprovincialis)伴生的 Bursaphelenchus mucronatus。该线虫的特征包括形态、形态计量学和分子特征。这是波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那以及格鲁吉亚首次报告 B. mucronatus 与 M. galloprovincialis 伴生的情况。
{"title":"<i>Bursaphelenchus mucronatus</i> (Nematoda: Parasitaphelenchidae) associated with <i>Monochamus galloprovincialis</i> from Bosnia and Herzegovina and Georgia.","authors":"V Čermák, B Nježić, N Nazarashvili, E Gvritishvili, K Tománková, H Orságová, M Majeská, J Foit, P Vieira","doi":"10.2478/helm-2023-0029","DOIUrl":"10.2478/helm-2023-0029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Bursaphelenchus mucronatus</i> was detected in association with the pine sawyer beetle (<i>Monochamus galloprovincialis</i>) during the implementation and testing of cross traps with insect attractants as an efficient tool for detection survey for pine wood nematode (<i>Bursaphelenchus xylophilus</i>) in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Georgia in 2017 and 2018, respectively. This nematode was characterized by morphological, morphometric and molecular features. This is the first report of <i>B. mucronatus</i> in association with a <i>M. galloprovincialis</i> in Bosnia and Herzegovina and in Georgia.</p>","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10750248/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139049818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-26eCollection Date: 2023-09-01DOI: 10.2478/helm-2023-0023
K Satyaprakash, W A Khan, N N Zade, S P Chaudhari, S V Shinde, N V Kurkure, P K Shembalkar
Neurocysticercosis (NCC), one of the most important neuroparasitic diseases in humans, is caused by Cysticercus cellulosae, the metacestode stage of digenetic zoonotic cestode Taenia solium. The present study aims at the detection of anti-cysticercus antibodies in the sera of epileptic patients (n=26) visiting a tertiary care hospital in Nagpur, Maharashtra state, India, by an in-house developed indirect IgG-ELISA and enzyme-linked immunoelectro transfer blot (EITB) assay using different antigens (namely, Whole Cyst Antigen (WCA), Cystic Fluid Antigen (CFA), Scolex Antigen (SA), Excretory-Secretory Antigen (ESA) and Membrane-Body Antigen (MBA)) prepared from T. solium metacestodes to find out the status of NCC. An attempt has also been made for molecular detection of NCC from blood samples of those patients by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay targeted at large subunit rRNA gene of T. solium. The IgG ELISA level of anti-cysticercus antibodies against WCA, CFA, SA, ESA and MBA antigens were as follows: 19.23 %, 23.07 %, 38.46 %, 30.76 % and 15.38 %. The seroreactivity to CFA, SA and ESA was found in equal proportions in patients with ring-enhancing lesions. In the EITB assay, the lower and medium molecular weight protein bands of SA and ESA were immunodominant compared to the higher WCA and CFA peptides. PCR positivity could be observed in 34.6 % (9/26) of the patients under study. It is the first report of detecting NCC among epileptic patients of the Nagpur region of Maharashtra state in India using serological and molecular tools.
神经囊尾蚴病(NCC)是人类最重要的神经寄生虫病之一,由纤维囊尾蚴引起,纤维囊尾蚴是人畜共患绦虫Taenia solium的元绦虫阶段。本研究旨在检测在印度马哈拉施特拉邦那格浦尔一家三甲医院就诊的癫痫患者(26 人)血清中的抗囊尾蚴抗体、采用内部开发的间接 IgG-ELISA 和酶联免疫电泳印迹(EITB)检测法,使用从 T. solium 元胞中制备的不同抗原(即全囊抗原(WCA)、囊液抗原(CFA)、鞘膜抗原(SA)、排泄-分泌抗原(ESA)和膜-体抗原(MBA)),检测癫痫患者血清(n=26)中的抗囊虫抗体。还尝试进行了分子生物学分析,以了解 NCC 的状况。此外,还尝试通过聚合酶链式反应 (PCR) 方法从这些患者的血液样本中检测梭形虫大亚基 rRNA 基因的 NCC 分子。针对 WCA、CFA、SA、ESA 和 MBA 抗原的抗囊尾蚴抗体的 IgG ELISA 水平如下:分别为 19.23 %、23.07 %、38.46 %、30.76 % 和 15.38 %。在有环状增强病变的患者中,CFA、SA 和 ESA 的血清反应性比例相同。在 EITB 检测中,与较高的 WCA 和 CFA 肽相比,SA 和 ESA 的中低分子量蛋白带具有免疫优势。研究中,34.6%(9/26)的患者可观察到 PCR 阳性。这是利用血清学和分子工具检测印度马哈拉施特拉邦那格浦尔地区癫痫患者中 NCC 的首份报告。
{"title":"Serological and molecular detection of neurocysticercosis among epileptic patients in Nagpur, Maharashtra state (India).","authors":"K Satyaprakash, W A Khan, N N Zade, S P Chaudhari, S V Shinde, N V Kurkure, P K Shembalkar","doi":"10.2478/helm-2023-0023","DOIUrl":"10.2478/helm-2023-0023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neurocysticercosis (NCC), one of the most important neuroparasitic diseases in humans, is caused by <i>Cysticercus cellulosae</i>, the metacestode stage of digenetic zoonotic cestode <i>Taenia solium</i>. The present study aims at the detection of anti-cysticercus antibodies in the sera of epileptic patients (n=26) visiting a tertiary care hospital in Nagpur, Maharashtra state, India, by an in-house developed indirect IgG-ELISA and enzyme-linked immunoelectro transfer blot (EITB) assay using different antigens (namely, Whole Cyst Antigen (WCA), Cystic Fluid Antigen (CFA), Scolex Antigen (SA), Excretory-Secretory Antigen (ESA) and Membrane-Body Antigen (MBA)) prepared from <i>T. solium</i> metacestodes to find out the status of NCC. An attempt has also been made for molecular detection of NCC from blood samples of those patients by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay targeted at <i>large subunit rRNA</i> gene of <i>T. solium</i>. The IgG ELISA level of anti-cysticercus antibodies against WCA, CFA, SA, ESA and MBA antigens were as follows: 19.23 %, 23.07 %, 38.46 %, 30.76 % and 15.38 %. The seroreactivity to CFA, SA and ESA was found in equal proportions in patients with ring-enhancing lesions. In the EITB assay, the lower and medium molecular weight protein bands of SA and ESA were immunodominant compared to the higher WCA and CFA peptides. PCR positivity could be observed in 34.6 % (9/26) of the patients under study. It is the first report of detecting NCC among epileptic patients of the Nagpur region of Maharashtra state in India using serological and molecular tools.</p>","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10750244/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139049824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-26eCollection Date: 2023-09-01DOI: 10.2478/helm-2023-0031
V Haukisalmi
The systematic position of Quentinia mesovitellinica (Rêgo, 1967) (Cestoda, Cyclophyllidea) from the hystricomorph rodent Galea spixii (Wagler) (Caviidae) in Brazil is reevaluated based on published information. Quentinia mesovitellinica is generally thought to belong to the family Catenotaeniidae, being thus the only catenotaeniid cestode parasitizing hystricomorph rodents and also the only catenotaeniid in South America. However, the present study shows that Q. mesovitellinica differs fundamentally from Catenotaenia Janicki, 1904 sensu lato and other catenotaeniids with respect to several morphologic features, but shares these features with Monoecocestus Beddard, 1914 sensu Beveridge (1994), a genus in the family Anoplocephalidae sensu stricto (i.e. sensu Spasskii, 1951). However, Q. mesovitellinica is not assigned here to Monoecocestus, because the latter is a morphologically heterogeneous genus and will probably be split when subjected to a comprehensive phylogenetic and taxonomic analysis. Instead, Quentinia Spasskii, 1969 is considered a valid genus in the family Anoplocephalidae s. s. The morphologically closely related Monoecocestus eljefe Haverkost & Gardner, 2010 from Galea musteloides Meyen in Bolivia is assigned to Quentinia as Q. eljefe (Haverkost & Gardner, 2010) n. comb. An amended diagnosis is provided for Quentinia.
{"title":"Systematic position of the enigmatic <i>Quentinia mesovitellinica</i> (Rêgo, 1967) (Cestoda, Cyclophyllidea).","authors":"V Haukisalmi","doi":"10.2478/helm-2023-0031","DOIUrl":"10.2478/helm-2023-0031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The systematic position of <i>Quentinia mesovitellinica</i> (Rêgo, 1967) (Cestoda, Cyclophyllidea) from the hystricomorph rodent <i>Galea spixii</i> (Wagler) (Caviidae) in Brazil is reevaluated based on published information. <i>Quentinia mesovitellinica</i> is generally thought to belong to the family Catenotaeniidae, being thus the only catenotaeniid cestode parasitizing hystricomorph rodents and also the only catenotaeniid in South America. However, the present study shows that <i>Q. mesovitellinica</i> differs fundamentally from <i>Catenotaenia</i> Janicki, 1904 sensu lato and other catenotaeniids with respect to several morphologic features, but shares these features with <i>Monoecocestus</i> Beddard, 1914 sensu Beveridge (1994), a genus in the family Anoplocephalidae sensu stricto (i.e. sensu Spasskii, 1951). However, <i>Q. mesovitellinica</i> is not assigned here to <i>Monoecocestus</i>, because the latter is a morphologically heterogeneous genus and will probably be split when subjected to a comprehensive phylogenetic and taxonomic analysis. Instead, <i>Quentinia</i> Spasskii, 1969 is considered a valid genus in the family Anoplocephalidae s. s. The morphologically closely related <i>Monoecocestus eljefe</i> Haverkost & Gardner, 2010 from <i>Galea musteloides</i> Meyen in Bolivia is assigned to <i>Quentinia</i> as <i>Q</i>. <i>eljefe</i> (Haverkost & Gardner, 2010) n. comb. An amended diagnosis is provided for <i>Quentinia</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10750243/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139050054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-26eCollection Date: 2023-09-01DOI: 10.2478/helm-2023-0025
M A Kamran, H S Yildirimhan, B Şenlik
Oxyuriasis, caused by the nematode Enterobius vermicularis, is one of the cosmopolitan intestinal infections of humans. Aspiculuris tetraptera commonly infects mice and it is morphologically similar to E. vermicularis. Parasitic resistance reduces the efficiency of synthetic drugs and poses economic impacts on the dairy sector, thus necessitating novel anthelmintic agents. Olea europaea L. (Olive) is a bioactive plant with potent pharmacological activities. However, its effects on oxyurids are poorly known, and no studies are currently exploring olives' anthelmintic potential. In this study, we investigated the pharmacokinetic behaviors of O. europaea leaves extract (OLE) and its phenolic compound oleuropein in mice infected with A. tetraptera, in comparison with Albendazole (ABZ), a standard drug used to treat parasitic worms. Fecal flotation method was used to identify the infestation with A. tetraptera eggs by examining the stool samples from mice. Infected animals were divided into 7 groups. 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, and 1000 mg/kg doses of OLE, 5 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg doses of oleuropein, 10 mg/kg of ABZ and tap water were orally administered by gavage for 7 days during treatments. Drug efficacies and statistical differences between the treatments and controls were evaluated. Our results revealed 92.43 % efficacy of ABZ, similar to 92.19 % efficacy of 1000 mg/kg of OLE. At the same time, 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg concentrations of OLE remained 70.03 % and 63.18 % effective in reducing worm counts. Efficacy percentages of 5 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg of oleuropein were 9.27 % and 70.56 %, respectively. Statistical analysis of ABZ was significant compared to 1000 mg/kg of OLE, which was almost equal but insignificant. In general, our results confirm the anthelmintic potential of OLE and oleuropein against mice pinworms and open the way for targeted extraction of bioactive compounds from plants to optimize its use in human and veterinary medicine.
由蚯蚓线虫(Enterobius vermicularis)引起的牛口疮(Oxyuriasis)是世界性的人类肠道传染病之一。Aspiculuris tetraptera 通常感染小鼠,其形态与 E. vermicularis 相似。寄生虫的抗药性降低了合成药物的效率,并对乳制品行业造成经济影响,因此需要新型抗蠕虫药物。油橄榄(Olea europaea L.)是一种生物活性植物,具有强大的药理活性。然而,人们对其对氧化乐果的作用知之甚少,目前也没有研究探索橄榄的驱虫潜力。在这项研究中,我们研究了欧芹叶提取物(OLE)及其酚类化合物欧芹素在小鼠感染 A. tetraptera 后的药代动力学行为,并与用于治疗寄生虫的标准药物阿苯达唑(ABZ)进行了比较。粪便浮选法是通过检查小鼠的粪便样本来确定是否感染了四带喙甲虫卵。受感染的动物被分为 7 组。在治疗过程中,连续7天以灌胃方式口服250毫克/千克、500毫克/千克和1000毫克/千克剂量的油菜素、5毫克/千克和20毫克/千克剂量的油菜素、10毫克/千克的ABZ和自来水。评估了药效以及治疗与对照组之间的统计学差异。结果显示,ABZ的药效为92.43%,与1000毫克/千克OLE的药效92.19%相似。同时,250 毫克/千克和 500 毫克/千克浓度的 OLE 对减少虫数的有效率分别为 70.03% 和 63.18%。5毫克/千克和20毫克/千克油菜素的有效率分别为9.27%和70.56%。与 1000 毫克/千克的油菜素相比,ABZ 的统计分析结果显著,后者几乎相等,但不显著。总之,我们的研究结果证实了欧来烯酮和油菜素对小鼠蛲虫的驱虫潜力,并为有针对性地从植物中提取生物活性化合物以优化其在人类和兽医中的应用开辟了道路。
{"title":"Exploring the anthelmintic activity of <i>Olea europaea</i> L (Olive) leaves extract and oleuropein in mice naturally infected with <i>Aspiculuris tetraptera</i>.","authors":"M A Kamran, H S Yildirimhan, B Şenlik","doi":"10.2478/helm-2023-0025","DOIUrl":"10.2478/helm-2023-0025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oxyuriasis, caused by the nematode <i>Enterobius vermicularis,</i> is one of the cosmopolitan intestinal infections of humans. <i>Aspiculuris tetraptera</i> commonly infects mice and it is morphologically similar to <i>E. vermicularis</i>. Parasitic resistance reduces the efficiency of synthetic drugs and poses economic impacts on the dairy sector, thus necessitating novel anthelmintic agents. <i>Olea europaea</i> L. (Olive) is a bioactive plant with potent pharmacological activities. However, its effects on oxyurids are poorly known, and no studies are currently exploring olives' anthelmintic potential. In this study, we investigated the pharmacokinetic behaviors of <i>O. europaea</i> leaves extract (OLE) and its phenolic compound oleuropein in mice infected with <i>A. tetraptera</i>, in comparison with Albendazole (ABZ), a standard drug used to treat parasitic worms. Fecal flotation method was used to identify the infestation with <i>A. tetraptera</i> eggs by examining the stool samples from mice. Infected animals were divided into 7 groups. 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, and 1000 mg/kg doses of OLE, 5 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg doses of oleuropein, 10 mg/kg of ABZ and tap water were orally administered by gavage for 7 days during treatments. Drug efficacies and statistical differences between the treatments and controls were evaluated. Our results revealed 92.43 % efficacy of ABZ, similar to 92.19 % efficacy of 1000 mg/kg of OLE. At the same time, 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg concentrations of OLE remained 70.03 % and 63.18 % effective in reducing worm counts. Efficacy percentages of 5 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg of oleuropein were 9.27 % and 70.56 %, respectively. Statistical analysis of ABZ was significant compared to 1000 mg/kg of OLE, which was almost equal but insignificant. In general, our results confirm the anthelmintic potential of OLE and oleuropein against mice pinworms and open the way for targeted extraction of bioactive compounds from plants to optimize its use in human and veterinary medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10750239/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139049820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-26eCollection Date: 2023-09-01DOI: 10.2478/helm-2023-0024
U Ishaque, E Shokoohi, I Erum, N Kazi, S Dawar
A species of predatory nematode, Mylonchulus sigmaturus Cobb, 1917, was recovered around the soil and roots of banana plants (Musa paradisiaca) from four different localities of Pakistan. The male of this species represents a new record from Pakistan. Morphological and morphometric data of the species have been contributed along with the molecular study. The phylogenetic analysis using 18S rDNA placed the Pakistani populations of M. sigmaturus with the same species in a clade with 100 posterior probabilities. The first input of 28S rDNA data placed Pakistani M. sigmaturus in a separate clade with 100 posterior probability support, however close with Prionchulus punctatus (Cobb, 1917) Andrássy, 1958 and Clarkus papillatus (Bastian, 1865) Jairajpuri, 1970.
{"title":"Morphological and Molecular note on the identity of <i>Mylonchulus sigmaturus</i> Cobb, 1917 (Nematoda: Mylonchulidae) from Pakistan.","authors":"U Ishaque, E Shokoohi, I Erum, N Kazi, S Dawar","doi":"10.2478/helm-2023-0024","DOIUrl":"10.2478/helm-2023-0024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A species of predatory nematode, <i>Mylonchulus sigmaturus</i> Cobb, 1917, was recovered around the soil and roots of banana plants (<i>Musa paradisiaca</i>) from four different localities of Pakistan. The male of this species represents a new record from Pakistan. Morphological and morphometric data of the species have been contributed along with the molecular study. The phylogenetic analysis using 18S rDNA placed the Pakistani populations of <i>M. sigmaturus</i> with the same species in a clade with 100 posterior probabilities. The first input of 28S rDNA data placed Pakistani <i>M. sigmaturus</i> in a separate clade with 100 posterior probability support, however close with <i>Prionchulus punctatus</i> (Cobb, 1917) Andrássy, 1958 and <i>Clarkus papillatus</i> (Bastian, 1865) Jairajpuri, 1970.</p>","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10750242/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139049822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-26eCollection Date: 2023-09-01DOI: 10.2478/helm-2023-0030
J Da Cunha Fernandes, L M De Carvalho, J C Gomes Borges, J E V Parente, M R Werneck
This article reports the first occurrence of Rhytidodes gelatinosus (Rudolphi, 1819) Looss, 1901 (Digenea: Rhytidodidae) in the olive-ridley turtle Lepidochelys olivacea (Testudines: Chelonidae), in an individual found in the State of Sergipe, Brazil. Although R. gelatinosus has already been described in other species of sea turtles in the world, this is the first report of this parasite in L. olivacea. We also present a list of hosts and locations where this helminth has already been identified.
{"title":"First report of <i>Rhytidodes gelatinosus</i> (Rudolphi, 1819) Looss, 1901 (Digenea: Rhytidodidae) in an olive-ridley Turtle <i>Lepidochelys olivacea</i> (Eschscholtz, 1829) from Brazil.","authors":"J Da Cunha Fernandes, L M De Carvalho, J C Gomes Borges, J E V Parente, M R Werneck","doi":"10.2478/helm-2023-0030","DOIUrl":"10.2478/helm-2023-0030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article reports the first occurrence of <i>Rhytidodes gelatinosus</i> (Rudolphi, 1819) Looss, 1901 (Digenea: Rhytidodidae) in the olive-ridley turtle <i>Lepidochelys olivacea</i> (Testudines: Chelonidae), in an individual found in the State of Sergipe, Brazil. Although <i>R. gelatinosus</i> has already been described in other species of sea turtles in the world, this is the first report of this parasite in <i>L. olivacea</i>. We also present a list of hosts and locations where this helminth has already been identified.</p>","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10750246/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139049821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-26eCollection Date: 2023-09-01DOI: 10.2478/helm-2023-0022
T Alharazi
Background: Intestinal parasitic infections in pregnant women have been associated with severe adverse outcomes such as anemia, low birth weight, and mother and fetus morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection and its associated risk factors among pregnant women in Taiz, Yemen.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between July 2022 and January 2023. Sociodemographic and other explanatory variables were obtained via face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire. The wet-mount and formol-ether concentration techniques were applied to identify the IPIs. Data were analyzed using SPSS, version 20, and p-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. An analysis of descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression was conducted. A p-value < 0.05 was deemed statistically significant. The study included a total of 393 pregnant women.
Results: Of the 393 pregnant women screened for intestinal parasites, 144 (36.6 %) had at least one parasite. The most common intestinal parasite was Giardia lamblia (12.2 %), followed by Ascaris lumbricoides (10.9 %), Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (7.4 %), Enterobius vermicularis (14.3 %), and Hymenolepis nana (1.8 %). Being a farmer (AOR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.69-4.26, p = 0:003) and drinking from unsafe water wells, streams, rain, and dams (AOR = 2:6, 95% CI: 1.68-4.25, p ≤ 0:001) were significantly associated with IPIs.
Conclusion: Pregnant women in the study area still face a severe health burden due to intestinal parasitic infection. Therefore, it is recommended that health education should be improved, and safe tap water should be provided to pregnant women to reduce the incidence of IPIs.
{"title":"Prevalence and risk factors of intestinal parasitic infections among pregnant women in Taiz Governorate, Yemen: A hospital-based study.","authors":"T Alharazi","doi":"10.2478/helm-2023-0022","DOIUrl":"10.2478/helm-2023-0022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Intestinal parasitic infections in pregnant women have been associated with severe adverse outcomes such as anemia, low birth weight, and mother and fetus morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection and its associated risk factors among pregnant women in Taiz, Yemen.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted between July 2022 and January 2023. Sociodemographic and other explanatory variables were obtained via face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire. The wet-mount and formol-ether concentration techniques were applied to identify the IPIs. Data were analyzed using SPSS, version 20, and p-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. An analysis of descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression was conducted. A p-value < 0.05 was deemed statistically significant. The study included a total of 393 pregnant women.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 393 pregnant women screened for intestinal parasites, 144 (36.6 %) had at least one parasite. The most common intestinal parasite was Giardia lamblia (12.2 %), followed by <i>Ascaris lumbricoides</i> (10.9 %), <i>Entamoeba histolytica/dispar</i> (7.4 %), <i>Enterobius vermicularis</i> (14.3 %), and <i>Hymenolepis nana</i> (1.8 %). Being a farmer (AOR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.69-4.26, p = 0:003) and drinking from unsafe water wells, streams, rain, and dams (AOR = 2:6, 95% CI: 1.68-4.25, p ≤ 0:001) were significantly associated with IPIs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pregnant women in the study area still face a severe health burden due to intestinal parasitic infection. Therefore, it is recommended that health education should be improved, and safe tap water should be provided to pregnant women to reduce the incidence of IPIs.</p>","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10750245/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139049823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-26eCollection Date: 2023-09-01DOI: 10.2478/helm-2023-0028
G Popova, D Vuchev, K Anichina
Conservative treatment of human hydatidosis (cystic echinococcosis) with albendazole has improved significantly the prognosis of the disease. But its therapeutic effectiveness is 30 - 70 %. There is some evidence that the effectiveness of albendazole can be enhanced by praziquantel but there is no strict recommendation for the use of praziquantel as part of long-term drug therapy for hydatidosis. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the combination of albendazole and praziquantel in patients with hepatic and/or pulmonary hydatidosis. A total of 20 patients (aged 12 - 70 years old) were included in the study for a 5-year period. Fourteen patients (70 %) were with hepatic hydatidosis, 4 (20 %) with pulmonary and 2 (10 %) with hepatic and pulmonary hydatidosis. They were treated with albendazole (15 mg/kg/day) and praziquantel (40 mg/kg/weekly) for 2 - 9 one-month courses. The result of the therapy was followed using imaging (abdominal ultrasound, lung radiography, computed tomography) and serology. Seventeen (85 %) out of 20 patients showed evidence of response on imaging defined as improvement or cure of hydatid cysts. Seven (35 %) of the patients with multiple cystic echinococcosis took praziquantel once a week for 6 months. Only 3 patients (15 %) with multiple hydatidosis (2 with liver and 1 with pulmonary hydatidosis) failed to respond to the therapy with both drugs. No side effects have been reported by the patients. The combination of albendazole and praziquantel seems to be an option to improve the therapeutic effectiveness of the conservative treatment of cystic echinococcosis.
{"title":"Treatment of hepatic and pulmonary hydatidosis with albendazole and praziquantel.","authors":"G Popova, D Vuchev, K Anichina","doi":"10.2478/helm-2023-0028","DOIUrl":"10.2478/helm-2023-0028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Conservative treatment of human hydatidosis (cystic echinococcosis) with albendazole has improved significantly the prognosis of the disease. But its therapeutic effectiveness is 30 - 70 %. There is some evidence that the effectiveness of albendazole can be enhanced by praziquantel but there is no strict recommendation for the use of praziquantel as part of long-term drug therapy for hydatidosis. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the combination of albendazole and praziquantel in patients with hepatic and/or pulmonary hydatidosis. A total of 20 patients (aged 12 - 70 years old) were included in the study for a 5-year period. Fourteen patients (70 %) were with hepatic hydatidosis, 4 (20 %) with pulmonary and 2 (10 %) with hepatic and pulmonary hydatidosis. They were treated with albendazole (15 mg/kg/day) and praziquantel (40 mg/kg/weekly) for 2 - 9 one-month courses. The result of the therapy was followed using imaging (abdominal ultrasound, lung radiography, computed tomography) and serology. Seventeen (85 %) out of 20 patients showed evidence of response on imaging defined as improvement or cure of hydatid cysts. Seven (35 %) of the patients with multiple cystic echinococcosis took praziquantel once a week for 6 months. Only 3 patients (15 %) with multiple hydatidosis (2 with liver and 1 with pulmonary hydatidosis) failed to respond to the therapy with both drugs. No side effects have been reported by the patients. The combination of albendazole and praziquantel seems to be an option to improve the therapeutic effectiveness of the conservative treatment of cystic echinococcosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":55061,"journal":{"name":"Helminthologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10750241/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139049825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}