Health Policy最新文献_第2页

National policy responses to address loneliness: A global scoping review of 194 WHO member states 应对孤独的国家政策对策：对194个世卫组织会员国的全球范围审查。

IF 3.4 3区医学 Q1 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES

Health Policy

Pub Date : 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2025.105553

Nina Goldman , Melek Alemdar , Herlind Megges , Naka Matsumoto , Eric Schoenmakers , Pauline van den Berg , Mathias Lasgaard , Julie Christiansen , Niina Junttila , Andreas Goldman , Debora Draxl , Austen El-Osta , Pamela Qualter

Background

Loneliness is associated with adverse physical and mental health outcomes. It affects individuals across all age groups and geographical regions.

Objective

To characterise the extent that WHO Member States address loneliness, social isolation and social connection through national policies.

Methods

We searched government websites using key terms. A matrix was used to extract data, followed by in-depth document analysis.

Results

By February 2025, only eight WHO Member States (Denmark, UK (England, Scotland, Wales), Finland, Germany, Netherlands, Sweden, Japan, USA) had policies directly addressing loneliness, social isolation or social connection. Policymakers validated the findings. Common policy aims included building a more connected society, addressing loneliness as a wider societal challenge rather than just an individual issue, and supporting both individuals and organisations to manage loneliness. Key recommendations in these policies often highlighted the need to increase knowledge through research, raise public awareness to reduce stigma, promote cross-sectoral collaboration, integrate loneliness into government policy and implement community-based approaches. National policies emerged following societal activism, initiatives from government departments or a large-scale research project.

Conclusion

Various policies are in place to help address loneliness at the national level. To maximise impact, policies require adequate funding. To date, none of the national policies had undergone rigorous evaluation concerning their effectiveness. This review highlights the growing political focus on loneliness and provides a starting point for those seeking to understand, develop or strengthen national strategies to address loneliness, social isolation or social connection.

背景：孤独与不良的身心健康结果相关。它影响所有年龄组和地理区域的个人。目标：描述世卫组织会员国通过国家政策解决孤独、社会孤立和社会联系问题的程度。方法：利用关键词对政府网站进行检索。使用矩阵提取数据，然后进行深入的文献分析。结果：到2025年2月，只有8个世卫组织会员国（丹麦、联合王国（英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士）、芬兰、德国、荷兰、瑞典、日本和美国）制定了直接解决孤独、社会隔离或社会联系问题的政策。政策制定者证实了这些发现。共同的政策目标包括建立一个联系更加紧密的社会，将孤独视为一个更广泛的社会挑战，而不仅仅是一个个人问题，并支持个人和组织管理孤独。这些政策中的关键建议往往强调需要通过研究增加知识，提高公众意识以减少耻辱感，促进跨部门合作，将孤独纳入政府政策并实施以社区为基础的方法。国家政策是在社会活动、政府部门的倡议或大型研究项目之后出现的。结论：在国家层面上，已经制定了各种政策来帮助解决孤独问题。为了最大限度地发挥影响，政策需要充足的资金。迄今为止，没有一项国家政策的效力得到严格的评价。这一审查强调了对孤独问题日益增长的政治关注，并为那些寻求理解、制定或加强解决孤独、社会孤立或社会联系的国家战略的人提供了一个起点。

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引用次数: 0

Editorial. The health and care workforce: How to move from crisis to capacities? 社论。卫生和保健人力：如何从危机转向能力？

IF 3.4 3区医学 Q1 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES

Health Policy

Pub Date : 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2025.105548

Ellen Kuhlmann , Tiago Correia , Michelle Falkenbach , Gabriela Lotta , Ligia Paina

引用次数: 0

Survey data collection during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany: Recommendations for an improved data collection infrastructure 德国COVID-19大流行期间的调查数据收集：关于改善数据收集基础设施的建议

IF 3.4 3区医学 Q1 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES

Health Policy

Pub Date : 2025-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2025.105551

Tobias Gummer , Karolina von Glasenapp , Thomas Skora , Elias Naumann , Saskia Bartholomäus , Sophia Piesch

The COVID-19 pandemic created a high demand for rapid data collection while also posing major challenges to collecting timely, high-quality population survey data on public health, and health-related behavior and attitudes. In the Survey Data Collection during the COVID-19 Pandemic (SDCCP) project, we examined how data collection standards evolved during the pandemic and what challenges the national survey infrastructure in Germany was facing. Our findings revealed trade-offs between speed and data quality and a lack of preparedness for rapid data collection. Existing surveys struggled to remain operational and maintain their high standards, whereas newly established surveys were more likely to implement survey designs associated with lower data quality. In this policy comment, we recommend targeted investments in methodological research, operational nationwide emergency planning, and policy changes to support closer collaboration between survey infrastructures.

2019冠状病毒病大流行对快速收集数据提出了很高的要求，同时也对收集及时、高质量的公共卫生人口调查数据以及与健康有关的行为和态度提出了重大挑战。在COVID-19大流行期间的调查数据收集（SDCCP）项目中，我们研究了大流行期间数据收集标准的演变以及德国国家调查基础设施面临的挑战。我们的研究结果揭示了速度和数据质量之间的权衡，以及缺乏对快速数据收集的准备。现有的调查努力保持运作并保持其高标准，而新建立的调查更有可能实施与较低数据质量相关的调查设计。在本政策评论中，我们建议在方法学研究、全国性应急计划和政策改革方面进行有针对性的投资，以支持调查基础设施之间更密切的合作。

引用次数: 0

South Korea's 2024 medical school expansion: From healthcare reform to constitutional crisis 韩国2024年医学院扩建：从医疗改革到宪法危机。

IF 3.4 3区医学 Q1 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES

Health Policy

Pub Date : 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2025.105536

Daihun Kang

Background

South Korea faces physician shortages (2.3 per 1,000 population vs. OECD 3.3-3.8) but maintains universal coverage via a hyper-efficient model where physicians see 6,113 patients annually (OECD: 1,788). After 27 years of failed negotiations, the government announced a 65 % medical school quota expansion without stakeholder consultation.

Reform Content

In February 2024, the government unilaterally increased medical school seats from 3,058 to 5,058, dismissing the medical community’s 350-seat proposal. When 86.7 % of residents resigned and 97.3 % of students boycotted, the government escalated with work maintenance orders and license suspension threats. As healthcare services collapsed—with major hospitals canceling 30-50 % of surgeries and rural areas losing specialists—the government declared martial law on December 3. Military forces attempted to block parliamentary proceedings, threatening execution for non-compliant professionals.

Expected results

The government anticipated improved physician distribution and political gains from 76 % public support. Instead, medical education completely collapsed, and the crisis spiraled into a constitutional catastrophe: President Yoon was impeached on December 14, followed by Acting President Han on December 27. The crisis was ultimately resolved following a snap election and a policy reversal by the new administration in 2025.

Conclusions

This case demonstrates that healthcare workforce reforms cannot succeed through coercion in professional-dependent sectors. Bypassing stakeholder engagement while ignoring systemic issues risks cascading institutional collapse—from medical education shutdown to constitutional crisis—warning all democracies about the dangers of forced healthcare reform and the immense societal costs incurred even when a flawed policy is eventually reversed.

背景：韩国面临医生短缺（每1000人中有2.3人，而经合组织为3.3-3.8人），但通过一个超高效的模式保持了全民覆盖，医生每年为6113名患者看病（经合组织：1788人）。经过27年失败的谈判，政府在没有征求利益相关者意见的情况下宣布将医学院名额扩大65%。改革内容：2024年2月，政府单方面将医学院招生人数从3058人增加到5058人，驳回了医学界提出的350人的建议。当86.7%的居民辞职，97.3%的学生罢课时，政府以工作维修令和吊销执照的威胁升级。随着医疗服务的崩溃——大医院取消了30- 50%的手术，农村地区失去了专科医生——政府于12月3日宣布戒严。军队试图阻止议会程序，威胁要处决不服从命令的专业人员。预期结果：政府期望改善医生分配，并从76%的公众支持中获得政治收益。然而，医学教育彻底崩溃，危机演变成宪法灾难：12月14日，尹总统被弹劾，12月27日，韩代总统被弹劾。在2025年的提前选举和新政府政策逆转后，这场危机最终得到了解决。结论：本案例表明，在依赖专业的部门，通过强制手段，医疗保健人力资源改革无法取得成功。绕过利益相关者的参与，同时忽视系统问题，可能导致机构崩溃——从医学教育停摆到宪法危机——警告所有民主国家，强制医疗改革的危险，以及即使有缺陷的政策最终被逆转，也会带来巨大的社会成本。

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引用次数: 0

Social policies, health systems, and care delivery: Policy implications of eight papers in empirical health economics 社会政策、卫生系统和保健服务：八篇实证卫生经济学论文的政策含义。

IF 3.4 3区医学 Q1 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES

Health Policy

Pub Date : 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2025.105547

Chiara Seghieri , Luigi Siciliani , John Mullay

引用次数: 0

Editorial for the special issue How do Health Systems and Health contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals? 特刊《卫生系统和卫生如何促进可持续发展目标》社论？

IF 3.4 3区医学 Q1 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES

Health Policy

Pub Date : 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2025.105546

Luigi Siciliani , Jonathan Cylus , Michelle Falkenbach , Josep Figueras , Scott Greer , Matthias Wismar

引用次数: 0

Small countries face specific challenges in health workforce sustainability, but policy responses are a testbed for resilience for all countries 小国在卫生人力可持续性方面面临具体挑战，但政策应对措施是检验所有国家应变能力的试验台

IF 3.4 3区医学 Q1 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES

Health Policy

Pub Date : 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2025.105545

Erica Richardson , Natasha Azzopardi-Muscat , Marios Kantaris , Anne-Charlotte Lorcy , Bernd Rechel , Nathan Shuftan , Ewout van Ginneken , Gemma A Williams

While countries across Europe are facing challenges in building and sustaining a health workforce, small countries (official population of under 2 million people) face specific challenges that go beyond resource constraint. Limited population size constrains training capacity, specialist care provision, and career development opportunities, making these systems highly vulnerable to workforce shortages.

Experiences in Cyprus, Luxembourg, North Macedonia, and the Caribbean Netherlands illustrate these dynamics. Cyprus and Luxembourg have expanded in-country medical education and postgraduate training to reduce the need for training abroad. In contrast, North Macedonia trains sufficient health professionals but struggles with outmigration. Island territories face additional logistical and geographic barriers. The Caribbean Netherlands rely on rotations and cross-border care for many healthcare services.

Small countries are like a microscope that magnifies both the problems and the policy responses and may thus serve as a testbed for all health systems confronting workforce challenges. Small country experiences underscore the need for collaborative solutions to respond to the health workforce crisis, including enhanced training opportunities, mitigation of migration risks and improved retention. Ensuring resilience of the health workforce in the face of demographic and mobility pressures requires effective planning and integrated strategies addressing remuneration, working conditions, and professional development across all roles and sectors.

虽然欧洲各国在建立和维持卫生人力方面面临挑战，但小国（官方人口不足200万）面临的具体挑战超出了资源限制。有限的人口规模限制了培训能力、专科护理提供和职业发展机会，使这些系统极易受到劳动力短缺的影响。塞浦路斯、卢森堡、北马其顿和加勒比荷兰的经验说明了这些动态。塞浦路斯和卢森堡扩大了国内医学教育和研究生培训，以减少对国外培训的需求。相比之下，北马其顿培训了足够的卫生专业人员，但却难以解决外移问题。岛屿领土面临更多的后勤和地理障碍。加勒比荷兰依靠轮调和跨界护理提供许多保健服务。小国就像一台显微镜，可以放大问题和政策应对措施，因此可以作为面临人力挑战的所有卫生系统的试验台。小国的经验突出表明，需要采取协作解决办法来应对卫生人力危机，包括增加培训机会、减轻移徙风险和改进人员保留。确保卫生人力在面对人口和流动压力时具有复原力，需要有效规划和综合战略，解决所有角色和部门的薪酬、工作条件和专业发展问题。

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引用次数: 0

Health access reforms in the Caribbean Netherlands from 2010-2023 2010-2023年荷兰加勒比地区医疗保健改革

IF 3.4 3区医学 Q1 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES

Health Policy

Pub Date : 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2025.105540

Nathan Shuftan , Jane O’Flynn , Judith Meijer , Robert Borst , Soraya Verstraeten , Dorette Courtar , Giovanni Frans , Amy van der Linden , Indira Madhuban , Michael Mercuur , Ewout van Ginneken

Background

In 2010, the islands of Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba became part of the Netherlands, one of the four constituent countries within the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Public administration, including the health system, was reformed, with the Dutch Government aiming for a “level of facilities acceptable within the Netherlands, taking into account the specific circumstances on the islands”.

Reform content

The Dutch Health Ministry became responsible for legislating, financing and policy in a health system with limited stakeholders. The health policy agenda focused on building a public, tax-financed insurance system and improving and expanding service provision by (1) general practitioners, (2) medical specialists (on- and off-island), (3) nursing homes, home and youth care, (4) pharmaceutical care and (5) mental health services. Several providers on the islands were established post-2010 to improve care availability and standards.

Results

The health budget doubled in a decade, on-island facilities have been upgraded or newly established, availability and quality of care and certain specialist services have increased, and a mandatory, universal health insurance coverage for all legal residents with high financial protection (within the system) and broad benefits was introduced.

Conclusions

Following developments to reach an “acceptable” level, the next ministerial goal is to move towards levels of care that are “equivalent” to those in the European Netherlands. However, persistent gaps in the data landscape hinder an evidence-based approach to policymaking and need to be addressed in order to obtain a more comprehensive picture on the performance of the health system, which is also relevant for other health systems in the Caribbean Region.

2010年，博内尔岛、圣尤斯特歇斯岛和萨巴岛成为荷兰的一部分，荷兰是荷兰王国的四个组成国之一。公共行政，包括保健系统，进行了改革，荷兰政府的目标是“考虑到各岛屿的具体情况，达到荷兰境内可接受的设施水平”。改革内容荷兰卫生部开始负责在一个利益相关者有限的卫生系统中立法、融资和政策。卫生政策议程的重点是建立一个公共的、税收资助的保险体系，并改善和扩大以下服务的提供：(1)全科医生，(2)医学专家（岛内和岛外），(3)养老院、家庭和青年护理，(4)药物护理和(5)精神卫生服务。2010年后，岛上成立了几家医疗服务机构，以改善医疗服务的可得性和标准。结果卫生预算在十年内翻了一番，岛上设施得到了升级或新建，保健和某些专科服务的可获得性和质量有所提高，并为所有合法居民提供了强制性的全民健康保险，具有较高的财务保护（系统内）和广泛的福利。结论：在达到“可接受”水平之后，下一个部长目标是朝着与荷兰欧洲“相当”的护理水平迈进。然而，数据领域持续存在的差距阻碍了以证据为基础的决策方法，需要加以解决，以便更全面地了解卫生系统的绩效，这也与加勒比区域的其他卫生系统有关。

{"title":"Health access reforms in the Caribbean Netherlands from 2010-2023","authors":"Nathan Shuftan , Jane O’Flynn , Judith Meijer , Robert Borst , Soraya Verstraeten , Dorette Courtar , Giovanni Frans , Amy van der Linden , Indira Madhuban , Michael Mercuur , Ewout van Ginneken","doi":"10.1016/j.healthpol.2025.105540","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.healthpol.2025.105540","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>In 2010, the islands of Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba became part of the Netherlands, one of the four constituent countries within the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Public administration, including the health system, was reformed, with the Dutch Government aiming for a “level of facilities acceptable within the Netherlands, taking into account the specific circumstances on the islands”.</div></div><div><h3>Reform content</h3><div>The Dutch Health Ministry became responsible for legislating, financing and policy in a health system with limited stakeholders. The health policy agenda focused on building a public, tax-financed insurance system and improving and expanding service provision by (1) general practitioners, (2) medical specialists (on- and off-island), (3) nursing homes, home and youth care, (4) pharmaceutical care and (5) mental health services. Several providers on the islands were established post-2010 to improve care availability and standards.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The health budget doubled in a decade, on-island facilities have been upgraded or newly established, availability and quality of care and certain specialist services have increased, and a mandatory, universal health insurance coverage for all legal residents with high financial protection (within the system) and broad benefits was introduced.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Following developments to reach an “acceptable” level, the next ministerial goal is to move towards levels of care that are “equivalent” to those in the European Netherlands. However, persistent gaps in the data landscape hinder an evidence-based approach to policymaking and need to be addressed in order to obtain a more comprehensive picture on the performance of the health system, which is also relevant for other health systems in the Caribbean Region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55067,"journal":{"name":"Health Policy","volume":"165 ","pages":"Article 105540"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145718898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The relationship between trust and compliance in the Italian NHS: Results of the People's Voice Survey 意大利国民保健服务中信任与遵从的关系：人民呼声调查的结果。

IF 3.4 3区医学 Q1 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES

Health Policy

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2025.105544

Rosanna Tarricone , Patrizio Armeni , Catherine Arsenault , Margaret E. Kruk

Background

Public health systems are assessed not only for outcomes but also for their ability to sustain legitimacy and trust. Trust supports long-term cooperation, while mandates can secure immediate adherence but risk eroding trust and weakening future willingness to comply. Italy illustrates this paradox, combining strong outcomes and extensive COVID-19 mandates with comparatively low public confidence.

Objective

To examine how trust, compliance, and intention to comply interact in the Italian health system, in the context of policies that rely on obligation rather than persuasion.

Methods

We analyzed data from the People’s Voice Survey conducted in Italy on a representative sample of 1001 adults. Outcomes were trust in the National Health Service, compliance with COVID-19 vaccination, and intention to comply with future directives. Determinants included perceptions of public influence, trust in scientists, vaccine attitudes, and past healthcare experiences, with education and income as moderators.

Results

Trust in the NHS was predicted by public influence, trust in scientists, and positive experiences, while negative experiences reduced it. Compliance was driven mainly by vaccine attitudes, with negative experiences lowering adherence. Intention to comply was associated with both general and policy-specific beliefs. Education moderated the role of trust in scientists, and income shaped the effect of experiences.

Conclusions

Trust sustains future cooperation, whereas reliance on obligation may erode it even in high-performing systems. Policies should foster transparency, responsiveness, and patient experience, and strengthen education as a stable foundation, since mandates ensure short-term adherence but not long-term cooperation.

背景：对公共卫生系统的评估不仅要看结果，还要看其维持合法性和信任的能力。信任支持长期合作，而授权可以确保立即遵守，但有可能侵蚀信任，削弱未来遵守意愿。意大利证明了这一悖论，它取得了强劲的成果，承担了广泛的COVID-19任务，但公众信心相对较低。目的：研究在意大利卫生系统中，在依靠义务而不是说服的政策背景下，信任、遵守和遵守的意图是如何相互作用的。方法：我们分析了意大利1001名成年人的代表性样本的民意调查数据。结果是对国家卫生服务的信任，遵守COVID-19疫苗接种，并有意遵守未来的指令。决定因素包括对公众影响力的认知、对科学家的信任、对疫苗的态度和过去的医疗保健经验，教育和收入是调节因素。结果：公众影响、对科学家的信任和积极体验可以预测对NHS的信任，而消极体验会降低对NHS的信任。依从性主要受疫苗态度的影响，负面经历降低了依从性。遵从的意图与一般和特定于政策的信念有关。教育程度缓和了对科学家的信任，收入则塑造了经验的影响。结论：信任维持未来的合作，而对义务的依赖即使在高性能系统中也可能会削弱合作。政策应促进透明度、响应性和患者体验，并加强教育作为稳定的基础，因为授权确保的是短期遵守，而不是长期合作。

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引用次数: 0

Factors influencing eHealth adoption among healthcare users in Türkiye: A stepwise logistic regression analysis 影响我国医疗保健用户采用电子健康的因素：逐步逻辑回归分析

IF 3.4 3区医学 Q1 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES

Health Policy

Pub Date : 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2025.105539

Zeynep Güldem Ökem , Betül Akbuğa Özel , Gül Pamukçu Günaydın , Furkan Enes Dilek

Background

eHealth services can improve healthcare access in Türkiye, yet disparities remain across socio-demographic groups. Despite major investments, quantitative evidence on user experiences with national eHealth platforms is limited.

Objective

To identify factors influencing eHealth use, focusing on three nationally available applications: Central Physician Appointment System (CPAS), Personal Medical Record System (PMR) and a self-diagnostic/referral system (e-diagnosis).

Methods

A cross-sectional survey of 450 participants collected data on socio-demographics, health status, internet access, and eHealth use. Stepwise logistic regression and mediation analysis were applied.

Results

Higher educational attainment was consistently associated with greater eHealth use (university vs. primary, odds ratio [OR]=1.76, 95% confidence interval [CI]:0.54–2.98, p < 0.001); gender, household size, income, and residence were not significant. Age-related differences were mediated by internet access and user engagement, including perceived ease of use (OR=3.12, 95% CI:2.25–3.98, p < 0.001), prior evaluations of doctors/hospitals (OR=2.51, 95% CI: 0.38–4.64, p < 0.01), and unsuccessful CPAS attempts (OR=0.36, 95% CI:0.14–0.91, p < 0.01). Chronic disease status had no effect after adjusting for internet access and eHealth engagement. Higher education was linked to greater use of CPAS and PMR, and these platforms partly explained the overall association between education and eHealth use (indirect effects p ≤ 0.01).

Conclusion

Educational attainment emerged as the strongest predictor of eHealth adoption, partly mediated through CPAS and PMR use. Engagement and usability factors outweighed age and structural characteristics. These highlight the importance of user-centered design, digital literacy support, and targeted interventions to reduce disparities and may inform strategies in countries seeking to optimize eHealth initiatives.

卫生服务可以改善刚果民主共和国的卫生保健可及性，但社会人口群体之间仍然存在差异。尽管进行了重大投资，但关于国家电子卫生平台用户体验的定量证据有限。目的确定影响电子医疗使用的因素，重点研究三种全国可用的应用：中央医师预约系统（CPAS）、个人病历系统（PMR）和自我诊断/转诊系统（e-diagnosis）。方法对450名参与者进行横断面调查，收集社会人口统计学、健康状况、互联网接入和电子健康使用数据。采用逐步逻辑回归和中介分析。结果较高的教育程度与较高的电子健康使用始终相关（大学与小学，优势比[OR]=1.76, 95%可信区间[CI]: 0.54-2.98, p < 0.001）；性别、家庭规模、收入和居住地差异不显著。年龄相关的差异由互联网接入和用户参与介导，包括感知易用性（OR=3.12, 95% CI: 2.25-3.98, p < 0.001）、医生/医院的先前评估（OR=2.51, 95% CI: 0.38-4.64, p < 0.01）和不成功的注册会计师尝试（OR=0.36, 95% CI: 0.14-0.91, p < 0.01）。在调整互联网接入和电子健康参与后，慢性病状态没有影响。高等教育与CPAS和PMR的更多使用有关，这些平台部分解释了教育与电子健康使用之间的整体关联（间接影响p≤0.01）。结论受教育程度是电子健康采用的最强预测因子，部分通过注册会计师和PMR使用介导。用户粘性和可用性因素比年龄和结构特征更重要。这些报告强调了以用户为中心的设计、数字扫盲支持和有针对性的干预措施对于缩小差距的重要性，并可能为寻求优化电子卫生举措的国家的战略提供信息。

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引用次数: 0