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Contrasting orbital rhythms preserved in loess grain-size records across the Chinese Loess Plateau 中国黄土高原黄土粒度记录中保存的截然不同的轨道节律
IF 4 1区 地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2024.104613
Deai Zhao , Guoqiao Xiao , Chunju Huang , Haibin Wu , Qingzhen Hao , David B. Kemp , Shaohua Tian , Zhipeng Wu , Hao Lu , Gaowen Dai , Shuzhen Peng , Changyan Tang , Jianyu Wu , Yating Lin , Shuya Zhu , Qiuzhen Yin
The loess-paleosol sequences on the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) are among the best terrestrial archives for recording orbital-scale global paleoenvironmental and East Asian monsoon changes during the Quaternary Period. Dust provenance and climate patterns vary across the CLP due to its vast size. However, whether available climate proxies were influenced by varying signals from the different dust source areas remains unknown. Here we present time series analysis results of high-resolution grain-size records from four loess sections (Jingbian, Xifeng, Baoji, and Weinan sections) spanning a north to south transect in the eastern CLP across the past 0.7 Ma. By comparison with data from the previously reported Luochuan section in the eastern CLP, and the Gulang, Menyuan, Jingyuan, Lanzhou, and Linxia sections in the western CLP, it is revealed that the dominant orbital signal in grain size variations in the eastern CLP is the ~100-kyr ice-age cycle, with precession only very weakly expressed. By contrast, western CLP records exhibit both ~100-kyr and ~ 20-kyr precession cycles. We show that this contrasting orbital patterns between the eastern and western CLP are likely to be influenced by the climate signals from the respective source regions. We propose that the grain size variations in the western CLP not only contain the ~100-kyr ice-age related winter monsoon cycles but also precession cycles related to the mid-latitude Westerlies and the Tibetan Plateau. The grain size variations in the eastern CLP are, by contrast, mainly influenced by ~100-kyr ice-age cycle-regulated winter monsoon changes. The spatial diversity of periodicity in loess grain-size records from the CLP suggests that caution should be taken when discussing the periodicities of loess records based on any single site.
中国黄土高原(CLP)上的黄土-页岩沉积序列是记录第四纪期间轨道尺度全球古环境和东亚季风变化的最佳陆地档案之一。由于中国黄土高原幅员辽阔,其尘埃来源和气候模式各不相同。然而,现有的气候代用指标是否受到来自不同尘源区的不同信号的影响仍是未知数。在此,我们展示了过去 0.7 Ma 中太平洋东部由北向南横断面上四个黄土剖面(靖边、西峰、宝鸡和渭南剖面)的高分辨率粒度记录的时间序列分析结果。通过与之前报道的中原东部洛川剖面以及中原西部古浪、门源、泾源、兰州和临夏剖面的数据进行对比,发现中原东部粒度变化的主要轨道信号是约100kyr的冰期周期,而前向仅表现得非常微弱。相比之下,中太平洋西部的记录则同时显示了 ~100-kyr 和 ~20-kyr 的前向周期。我们的研究表明,东部和西部 CLP 之间这种截然不同的轨道模式很可能受到来自各自源区的气候信号的影响。我们认为,中国大陆西部的粒度变化不仅包含了与约100kyr冰期有关的冬季季风周期,还包含了与中纬度西风和青藏高原有关的前向周期。相比之下,中国东部地区的粒度变化主要受 ~100 纪冰期周期调节的冬季季风变化的影响。中原地区黄土粒度记录周期性的空间多样性表明,在讨论基于任何单一地点的黄土记录的周期性时都应谨慎。
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引用次数: 0
The restoration of karst rocky desertification has enhanced the carbon sequestration capacity of the ecosystem in southern China 喀斯特石漠化的恢复提高了中国南方生态系统的固碳能力
IF 4 1区 地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-10-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2024.104602
Chaochao Du , Xiaoyong Bai , Yangbing Li , Qiu Tan , Cuiwei Zhao , Guangjie Luo , Jinfeng Wang , Luhua Wu , Chaojun Li , Junhan Li , Yuanhuan Xie , Chen Ran , Sirui Zhang , Lian Xiong , Xiaodong Yuang , Jingjing Liao , Lei Dai , Mingkang Long , Zilin Li , Yingying Xue , Minghui Li
The control of rocky desertification is the largest ecological restoration project in southwestern China, but its impact on the carbon sequestration capacity of karst ecosystems is not clear. Therefore, in this paper selects typical subtropical karst areas in Guangxi are selected as the research object, the carbon sequestration potential of the terrestrial ecosystems are quantified, including karst inorganic carbon sinks, and the response of the terrestrial ecosystem carbon sink to rocky desertification restorationis discussed. The results show that (1) the karst inorganic carbon sink flux (CCSF) is 42.75 t CO2/km2/yr, with a total CCS of 491.12 × 104 t CO2, accounting for only 2.5 % of the country's land area and contributing 7.6 % of the karst inorganic carbon sink. (2) The flux of the vegetation organic carbon sink is 380.44 t CO2/km2/yr, and the total amount is 4403.55 × 104 t CO2/yr., Overall, the spatial distribution exhibits a pattern of high in the northwest and low in the northeast. (3) With decreasing rocky desertification area, the magnitude of the terrestrial ecosystem carbon sink has exhibited a corresponding increasing trend. In particular, during 2010–2020, the rocky desertification area decreased by about 0.868 × 104 km2, and the terrestrial ecosystem carbon sink increased by 114.04 t CO2/km2/yr. This article provides a systematic spatial diagnosis of the carbon sequestration potential of terrestrial ecosystems, including karst inorganic carbon sinks, in the karst areas of Guangxi, and reveals their responses to the restoration of karst rocky desertification. This work has strong reference value and significance for the diagnosis and analysis of the carbon neutrality capacity at the national and global levels.
石漠化治理是中国西南地区最大的生态修复工程,但其对岩溶生态系统固碳能力的影响尚不明确。因此,本文选择广西典型的亚热带岩溶地区作为研究对象,量化了包括岩溶无机碳汇在内的陆地生态系统固碳潜力,并讨论了陆地生态系统碳汇对石漠化修复的响应。结果表明:(1)岩溶无机碳汇通量(CCSF)为 42.75 吨二氧化碳/平方公里/年,CCS总量为 491.12×104 吨二氧化碳,仅占全国陆地面积的 2.5%,对岩溶无机碳汇的贡献率为 7.6%;(2)植被有机碳汇通量为 380.44 吨二氧化碳/平方公里/年,总量为 4403.55×104 吨二氧化碳/年、总体而言,空间分布呈现西北高、东北低的格局。(3)随着石漠化面积的减少,陆地生态系统碳汇的增加也呈现出相应的增加趋势。其中,2010-2020年间,石漠化面积减少了约0.868×104 km2,陆地生态系统碳汇增加了114.04 t CO2/km2/yr。本文对广西岩溶地区包括岩溶无机碳汇在内的陆地生态系统固碳潜力进行了系统的空间诊断,并揭示了其对岩溶石漠化恢复的响应。这项工作对全国乃至全球碳中和能力的诊断和分析具有很强的参考价值和借鉴意义。
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引用次数: 0
Geochemical behavior of riverine magnesium isotopes in the Yarlung Tsangpo River Basin, southern Tibetan Plateau 青藏高原南部雅鲁藏布江流域河流镁同位素的地球化学行为
IF 4 1区 地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2024.104612
Ya-Ni Yan , Jun-Wen Zhang , Jie Wu , Bai-Ling Fan , Dong Zhang , Long-Fei Gou , Qing-You Liu , Zhi-Qi Zhao
The riverine magnesium (Mg) isotope composition is generally controlled by sources and fractionation processes. However, it remains unclear in which cases these factors are predominant at the basin scale. In this study, we investigated the major elements, trace elements, and Mg and strontium (Sr) isotope ratios in the Yarlung Tsangpo River (YTR) Basin, southern Tibetan Plateau (TP), to explore the geochemical behavior of Mg isotopes and the dominant controlling factors. Riverine Mg2+ was shown to derive primarily from the weathering of silicates and carbonates. Riverine δ26Mg, which is first influenced by the mixing of different lithological sources, was detected ranging from −1.63 ‰ to −0.52 ‰. According to the saturation indexes of common Mg-bearing secondary minerals, the basin was divided into two zones. Above Shannan City (Zone I), where river waters mostly were oversaturated with minerals, positive correlations were observed between δ26Mg and the Ca/Mg and Sr/Mg ratios. This indicated that, after mixing, secondary minerals (talc and chlorite), which tend to preferentially incorporate 24Mg, may be formed in most of waters, leading to an increase in riverine δ26Mg values. The Rayleigh and batch fractionation models were fitted with factors ranging from 0.9975 to 0.9997. Below Shannan City (Zone II), where river waters mostly were unsaturated with minerals, riverine δ26Mg was positively correlated with 87Sr/86Sr and negatively correlated with the Ca/Mg, Sr/Mg, and HCO3/Na ratios. This suggested that the riverine δ26Mg were influenced by carbonate dissolution with faster kinetic rates. Our analysis of riverine δ26Mg values in the YTR Basin may be a reference for interpreting the relationships between δ26Mg and δ7Li in river systems worldwide. In minerals-oversaturated waters, secondary mineral formation was shown to lead to isotope fractionation, resulting in a positive correlation between the two parameters, whereas in minerals-unsaturated waters, the δ26Mg and δ7Li values were negatively correlated, possibly due to the predominance of mineral dissolution.
河流中的镁(Mg)同位素组成一般由来源和分馏过程控制。然而,目前仍不清楚在流域尺度上这些因素在哪些情况下占主导地位。在本研究中,我们研究了青藏高原南部雅鲁藏布江流域的主要元素、微量元素以及镁和锶(Sr)同位素比值,以探讨镁同位素的地球化学行为和主要控制因素。研究表明,河流中的 Mg2+ 主要来自硅酸盐和碳酸盐的风化作用。河水中的δ26Mg首先受到不同岩性来源混合的影响,其检测范围为-1.63 ‰至-0.52 ‰。根据常见含镁次生矿物的饱和度指数,盆地被划分为两个区域。在山南市以上(Ⅰ区),河水大部分为过饱和矿物,δ26Mg 与 Ca/Mg 和 Sr/Mg 的比值呈正相关。这表明,在混合后,大多数水域可能会形成倾向于优先吸收 24Mg 的次生矿物(滑石和绿泥石),从而导致河水 δ26Mg 值增加。雷利模型和批次分馏模型的拟合系数为 0.9975 至 0.9997。山南市以下(Ⅱ区)河水多为非饱和矿物质,河水δ26Mg与87Sr/86Sr呈正相关,与Ca/Mg、Sr/Mg和HCO3/Na比值呈负相关。这表明河流δ26Mg受到碳酸盐溶解的影响,其动力学速率较快。我们对 YTR 流域河流 δ26Mg 值的分析可为解释全球河流系统中 δ26Mg 与 δ7Li 之间的关系提供参考。在矿物质过饱和的水体中,次生矿物质的形成导致同位素分馏,从而使这两个参数呈正相关;而在矿物质不饱和的水体中,δ26Mg 和 δ7Li值呈负相关,这可能是由于矿物质溶解占主导地位。
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引用次数: 0
Long-term variability of the Kuroshio since 1788 based on coral records 基于珊瑚记录的黑潮自 1788 年以来的长期变化情况
IF 4 1区 地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2024.104611
Xiaohua Li , Xinying Guo , Huan Jiang , Xi Lu , Zhanqing Zhang , Jie Ma , Shijian Hu
The Kuroshio transports warm water poleward from low- to mid-high latitude regions and strongly affects ocean-atmosphere-land interactions. Previous studies have shown that the Kuroshio has strengthened at its origin during recent decades. However, changes in the Kuroshio on a centennial timescale are unclear due to the lack of observations before the Industrial Revolution. In this study, a precisely dated and monthly resolved Porites coral Sr/Ca record from south of Taiwan island, where coral growth is influenced by the Kuroshio, was used to generate a continuous reconstruction of Kuroshio transport (KT) during the period from 1788 to 2013. The data show a consistent decline in KT since 1788, with the rate of decline increasing since the 1950s, probably due to rapid oceanic warming. The southward shift of the bifurcation latitude of the North Equatorial Current, which is related to accelerated global oceanic warming, might have led to the decrease in KT. Natural variability in the phase transition of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and El Niño-Southern Oscillation might also influence the long-term changes in KT, particularly before the 1950s.
黑潮将暖水从低纬度地区向中高纬度地区输送,并对海洋-大气-陆地之间的相互作用产生强烈影响。以往的研究表明,近几十年来,黑潮在其发源地有所增强。然而,由于缺乏工业革命前的观测资料,黑潮在百年时间尺度上的变化尚不清楚。在这项研究中,利用来自台湾岛南部(珊瑚生长受黑潮影响)的精确定年和月解析的海泡石珊瑚 Sr/Ca 记录,生成了 1788 年至 2013 年期间黑潮输送(KT)的连续重建。数据显示,自 1788 年以来 KT 持续下降,自 20 世纪 50 年代以来下降速度加快,这可能是由于海洋迅速变暖所致。北赤道洋流分叉纬度的南移与全球海洋变暖加速有关,可能是导致 KT 下降的原因。太平洋十年涛动和厄尔尼诺-南方涛动的相变也可能影响 KT 的长期变化,特别是 1950 年代以前。
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引用次数: 0
The temperature-precipitation duel and tropical greening during the Early Eocene Greenhouse episode 早始新世温室事件期间的温度-降水对决与热带绿化
IF 4 1区 地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2024.104603
Arpita Samanta , Melinda Kumar Bera , Subir Bera , Fred J. Longstaffe , Shubhabrata Paul , Kishor Kumar , Anindya Sarkar
Under rising anthropogenic CO2, the future of the tropical climate states and the response of the biosphere, specifically the fate of the tropical rainforest (TRF), is uncertain. Therefore, deep-time climate proxy records and model simulations are being extensively utilized to understand the possible response of the TRF community during extreme climate states. However, comprehensive climate-TRF proxy data from the tropical/equatorial region for the paleo-global warming episodes, e.g., Late Paleocene – Early Eocene interval (∼56 to 51 Ma, encompassing transient hyperthermal events like Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum [PETM], Eocene Thermal Maximum2 [ETM2]/H1/ Eocene Layer of Mysterious Origin [ELMO], H2, I1, and I2), are very limited and create difficulties in the validation of simulated results. Here we present long-term land surface temperature and precipitation (δ2H and δ18O of pedogenic clay mineral-derived) and TRF diversity (palynology) data from a paleo-equatorial region, spanning the ∼56 to 51 Ma interval. Present data suggest that the hydrological response to global warming was not temporally uniform in the paleo-equatorial land. While a significantly increased rainfall buffered the terrestrial temperature during the PETM, an insignificant increase in precipitation and negligible temperature lowering can be observed during the ETM2 hyperthermal event. However, the climate system's response during the other Early Eocene hyperthermals, i.e., H2, I1, and I2, was very similar to the PETM. Despite these small aberrations, the long-term average equatorial land surface temperature (27 ± 4 °C) during the Early Eocene greenhouse episode remained very similar to the modern equatorial temperature (28–30 °C). Rainfall proxy and plant diversity data suggest that the precipitation aided TRFs' resilience and proliferation, possibly through temperature buffering, during this paleo-greenhouse episode.
在人为二氧化碳增加的情况下,热带气候状态的未来和生物圈的反应,特别是热带雨林(TRF)的命运,是不确定的。因此,人们广泛利用深时气候代用记录和模型模拟来了解热带雨林群落在极端气候状态下可能做出的反应。然而,热带/赤道地区在古全球变暖时期(如晚古新世-早古新世)的气候-TRF 代用数据并不全面、晚古新世-早始新世区间(∼56 至 51 Ma,包括瞬时高热事件,如古新世-始新世热极值 [PETM]、始新世热极值2 [ETM2]/H1/ 始新世神秘起源层 [ELMO]、H2、I1 和 I2)的数据非常有限,给模拟结果的验证带来了困难。在此,我们提供了来自一个古赤道地区的长期地表温度和降水(源于成土粘土矿物的δ2H 和 δ18O)以及 TRF 多样性(古生物学)数据,时间跨度为 ∼56 至 51 Ma。目前的数据表明,古赤道地区对全球变暖的水文响应在时间上并不一致。在 PETM 期间,降水量的大幅增加对陆地温度起到了缓冲作用,而在 ETM2 高热事件期间,降水量的增加并不明显,温度的降低可以忽略不计。然而,气候系统在其他早始新世高热事件(即 H2、I1 和 I2)期间的反应与 PETM 非常相似。尽管存在这些小的偏差,早始新世温室效应期间赤道陆地表面的长期平均温度(27 ± 4 °C)仍然与现代赤道温度(28-30 °C)非常相似。降雨代用数据和植物多样性数据表明,在这一古温室事件中,降水可能通过温度缓冲作用帮助了TRFs的恢复和扩散。
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引用次数: 0
Contrasting influence of the 1997 and 2015 El Niño on the Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall: Role of the Southern Hemisphere 1997 年和 2015 年厄尔尼诺现象对印度夏季季风降雨量的不同影响:南半球的作用
IF 4 1区 地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2024.104601
Nimmakanti Mahendra , Nagaraju Chilukoti , Jasti S. Chowdary , Raju Attada , Ravi Kumar Kunchala , Prasad K. Bhaskaran
This study provides comprehensive analysis on the contrasting effects caused by the 1997 and 2015 historical El Niño events linked with the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) rainfall. The presence of strong southeast-northwest oriented cold Sea Surface Temperature (SST) anomalies during 1997, that spatially extended from southwest Pacific to Southeast Indian Ocean (SEIO) in comparison to the 2015 event is the robust feature. Evidently, these anomalies are closely related to interaction between cyclonic (anticyclonic) circulation over South Pacific Convergence Zone (south Australia). During 2015, the conjunction of Modoki II and classical El Niño triggered an asymmetrical equatorial circulation throughout the Indo-western Pacific (IWP) and thereby stimulated the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) through troposphere and stratospheric pathway mechanism. In addition, in 2015, SAM impacted the Indian Ocean, which intern affected ISM rainfall. Positive SAM associated with westward shift of anticyclone over south of Australia alters the circulation by inducing westerly winds over the South Indian Ocean, thereby suppressing Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), and inducing drought conditions over India during 2015. Moreover, the AUS index, an indicator for IOD strength in boreal summer, is a bridging factor prevalent over mid-latitude regions in the southern hemisphere. Results from this study indicate the complex interaction of southern hemisphere atmospheric flow and its role in modulating the Indian Ocean region thereby ISM rainfall. A better understanding of these underlying mechanism can significantly enhance the predictive skills and projections of monsoon variability and extremes.
本研究全面分析了 1997 年和 2015 年历史上与印度夏季季风(ISM)降雨相关的厄尔尼诺现象所造成的对比影响。与 2015 年的厄尔尼诺现象相比,1997 年出现了强烈的东南-西北向冷海洋表面温度(SST)异常,其空间范围从西南太平洋扩展到东南印度洋(SEIO)。显然,这些异常与南太平洋辐合带(澳大利亚南部)气旋(反气旋)环流之间的相互作用密切相关。2015 年,"莫多基 II "与典型厄尔尼诺现象的结合引发了整个印度洋-西太平洋(IWP)的非对称赤道环流,从而通过对流层和平流层路径机制刺激了南方环流模式(SAM)。此外,2015 年,南环流模式影响了印度洋,进而影响了印度洋降雨。与澳大利亚南部上空反气旋西移相关的正南环流模式改变了环流,在南印度洋上空诱发西风,从而抑制了印度洋偶极子(IOD),并诱发了2015年印度上空的干旱状况。此外,作为北方夏季 IOD 强度指标的澳大利亚指数,是南半球中纬度地区普遍存在的一个桥接因子。这项研究的结果表明,南半球大气流动及其在调节印度洋地区从而影响 ISM 降雨量方面的作用具有复杂的相互作用。更好地了解这些基本机制可以大大提高季风变化和极端天气的预测能力和预测结果。
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引用次数: 0
An OSL-dated, stacked Holocene dust mass accumulation rate record on the Chinese Loess Plateau and its implications for Northern Hemisphere dust activity 中国黄土高原全新世尘积率的OSL年代叠加记录及其对北半球尘埃活动的影响
IF 4 1区 地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2024.104600
Shugang Kang , Xulong Wang , Ning Wang , Hao Huang
Accurate reconstruction of geological dust activity is crucial for understanding past climate change and its interaction with dust cycle. Loess on the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) is an ideal and sensitive material for revisiting past dust activity. Previously, the changes in the dust mass accumulation rate (MAR) over various time scales were widely established on the CLP. However, few absolutely dated dust records have been obtained and synthesized for the Holocene. This study addresses this gap by compiling 23 optically stimulated luminescence-dated Holocene loess sections across the CLP. We developed a high-quality chronology via Bayesian age-depth modeling and derived a MAR record for each section. Then, we obtained a mean MAR record for the CLP by stacking individual records. We propose that, in contrast to site-specific MARs, stacked MARs represent the mean dust accumulation conditions for the entire CLP and can be used to track relatively large-scale dust activity and climate change. The stacked MAR record suggests a moderate weakening trend of dust accumulation from ∼11.5 to 7.5 thousand years ago (ka BP), followed by a pronounced strengthening trend from ∼7.5 to 3.0 ka BP. A comparison with other regional dust records reveals a shift in dust activity at ∼8–6 ka BP in northern China and western Mongolia. We argue that the East Asian winter and summer monsoons jointly contributed to Holocene mean dust MAR variations on the CLP by changing dust transport wind energy and dust source aridity, respectively. A comparison of Holocene dust records in Asia with those in the northwestern Pacific Ocean and Greenland suggests asynchronous variations in dust activity between proximal and distal Asia-sourced dust deposition. This is because, unlike proximal deposition, distal deposition can be controlled not only by the dust source conditions but also by the intensity and the position of the Westerlies.
准确重建地质尘埃活动对于了解过去的气候变化及其与尘埃循环的相互作用至关重要。中国黄土高原(CLP)上的黄土是重现过去尘埃活动的理想而敏感的材料。在此之前,中国黄土高原已广泛确定了不同时间尺度上沙尘质量累积率(MAR)的变化。然而,目前还很少有绝对年代的全新世沙尘记录。为了弥补这一空白,本研究汇编了 23 个中英文对照的全新世黄土剖面的光激发发光日期。我们通过贝叶斯年龄-深度模型建立了高质量的年代学,并为每个断面得出了一个MAR记录。然后,我们通过堆叠单个记录,获得了中国大陆坡的平均 MAR 记录。我们提出,与特定地点的MAR不同,叠加的MAR代表了整个中国大陆坡的平均尘积条件,可用于追踪相对大规模的尘积活动和气候变化。叠加的MAR记录表明,在距今11,5∼7,5,000年(ka BP)期间,沙尘堆积呈中度减弱趋势,随后在距今7,5∼3,000年(ka BP)期间,沙尘堆积呈明显增强趋势。与其他地区的沙尘记录相比,中国北部和蒙古西部的沙尘活动在公元前 8-6 千年发生了变化。我们认为,东亚冬季季风和夏季季风分别通过改变沙尘输送风能和沙尘源的干旱程度,共同促成了中国大陆坡全新世平均沙尘MAR的变化。将亚洲的全新世沙尘记录与西北太平洋和格陵兰岛的记录进行比较后发现,源自亚洲的近端和远端沙尘沉积之间的沙尘活动变化是不同步的。这是因为,与近端沉积不同,远端沉积不仅受尘源条件的控制,还受西风强度和位置的控制。
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引用次数: 0
Precipitation changes during the last glacial period in the Ili Basin, northern Central Asia, as inferred from the records of loess dolomite 根据黄土白云岩记录推断的中亚北部伊犁盆地末次冰川期降水量变化
IF 4 1区 地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2024.104599
Yue Li , Yougui Song , Jingyun Xiao , Xiulan Zong , Yudong Li
Understanding the climatic evolution in Central Asia (CA) and its drivers is crucial for informed decision-making and predicting global changes due to its significant contribution as a global dust source. Unfortunately, our current understanding of the pre-Holocene precipitation patterns in CA is lacking due to the limited availability of reliable proxy indicators, and our knowledge of future precipitation projections in the region, based on paleoclimatic dynamics, is also quite limited. In this study, we analyzed variations in carbonate and dolomite contents of a loess section in the Ili Basin, northern CA, to reveal precipitation changes during the last glacial period. The results showed that changes in carbonate minerals were mainly influenced by the source material supply, driven by reduced precipitation and eluviation during glacial period. We thereby established a precipitation index by removing the influence of provenance signals from the dolomite records. The index indicated lower precipitation during mid-marine isotope stage (MIS) 3 compared to MIS2, likely due to meridional shifts and intensity changes of the westerlies caused by changes in precession and obliquity, with precession playing a major role. Through the comparison of the precipitation index with the δ18O records of the Greenland ice core on a millennial timescale, it was observed that the precipitation in northern CA exhibited a positive correlation with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) mode due to migration of the westerlies. By leveraging our understanding of orbital- and millennial-scale precipitation patterns, we utilized the random forest (RF) regression model and the autoregressive integrated moving average model to forecast precipitation changes for the upcoming 5000–10,000 years. The results indicated a variable pattern marked by a general upward trend, suggesting the possibility of favorable development of agricultural-based economies in the Ili River Valley. People should realize that some integrated measures are designed to improve resilience of agricultural sector in the region and enhance its capacity to adapt to challenges posed by climate change. However, more extensive research is necessary to verify these results through thorough examination and comparisons of loess sections in our research location.
中亚是全球沙尘源,因此了解中亚的气候演变及其驱动因素对于做出明智决策和预测全球变化至关重要。遗憾的是,由于可靠的代用指标有限,我们目前对中亚地区全新世以前的降水模式缺乏了解,而且我们根据古气候动力学对该地区未来降水预测的了解也相当有限。在本研究中,我们分析了加利福尼亚州北部伊犁盆地黄土剖面碳酸盐岩和白云岩含量的变化,以揭示末次冰川期降水的变化。结果表明,碳酸盐矿物的变化主要受源物质供应的影响,冰川期降水减少和冲积作用是其主要驱动力。因此,我们从白云石记录中剔除了来源信号的影响,建立了降水指数。该指数表明,与 MIS2 相比,海洋同位素中期阶段(MIS)3 的降水量较低,这可能是由于前向和纬度变化引起的西风经向移动和强度变化造成的,其中前向起了主要作用。通过将降水指数与格陵兰冰芯的 δ18O 记录进行千年时间尺度的比较,观察到由于西风的迁移,加利福尼亚北部的降水与北大西洋涛动(NAO)模式呈正相关。通过对轨道和千年尺度降水模式的了解,我们利用随机森林回归模型和自回归综合移动平均模型预测了未来 5000-10,000 年的降水变化。结果表明,该地区降水格局多变,总体呈上升趋势,表明伊犁河谷以农业为基础的经济有可能得到良好发展。人们应该认识到,一些综合措施旨在提高该地区农业部门的抗灾能力,增强其适应气候变化挑战的能力。然而,有必要进行更广泛的研究,通过对我们研究地点的黄土剖面进行彻底检查和比较,来验证这些结果。
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引用次数: 0
Southeast Asian rainforest lost biodiversity during the range expansion to ice-age Sunda Shelf 东南亚雨林在冰河时期向巽他大陆架扩展的过程中丧失了生物多样性
IF 4 1区 地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2024.104597
Zhongjing Cheng , Jiawang Wu , Chuanxiu Luo , Zhifei Liu , Enqing Huang , Hongchao Zhao , Lu Dai , Chengyu Weng
The capability of tropical forest to recover from extensive land-use remains a matter of debate, despite its importance for guiding conservation and restoration policies. This is especially the case for Southeast Asia. Fortunately, the Sunda Shelf was extensively exposed during the Last Glacial Maximum sea-level lowstand, providing a unique window to study the long-term and landscape-scale development of tropical forest in new accommodation spaces that may be analogous to those emerge after the cessation of human activities. Here we conduct pollen analyses on three sediment cores from the southern South China Sea – two located in front of the Sunda Shelf paleo-river mouths and one close to the northern Borneo – in order to evaluate the similarity/difference between the “primary” and “secondary” tropical forest of Southeast Asia. The assemblages of major pollen taxa and the life-form composition of identified plant types are found to be quite similar among the sites, indicating that well-structured rainforest should have expanded to the Sunda Shelf despite the sandy and potentially saline, nutrient-poor soils. The plant biodiversity, however, was obviously lower on the Sunda Shelf than on Borneo as inferred from the pollen richness. This indicates a loss of biodiversity during large-scale range expansions. Our findings suggest the potential of reforestation in the lowlands of Southeast Asia, but unfortunately the incapability of restoring biodiversity to pre-disturbance levels through natural regeneration alone. Moreover, the old forests in the mountainous northern Borneo appears to be irreplaceable and thus a priority of conservation efforts.
热带森林从广泛的土地使用中恢复的能力仍然是一个争论不休的问题,尽管它对指导保护和恢复政策非常重要。东南亚的情况尤其如此。幸运的是,巽他陆架在末次冰期海平面最低潮期间大面积裸露,为研究热带森林在新的容纳空间中长期和景观尺度的发展提供了一个独特的窗口。在此,我们对南中国海南部的三个沉积岩芯进行了花粉分析,其中两个位于巽他陆架古河口前方,另一个靠近婆罗洲北部,目的是评估东南亚 "原始 "和 "次生 "热带森林之间的相似性/差异性。研究发现,这些地点的主要花粉类群和已确定植物类型的生命形式组成非常相似,这表明,尽管巽他陆架的土壤是沙质的,而且可能是盐碱的、缺乏营养的,但结构良好的热带雨林应该已经扩展到巽他陆架。然而,从花粉丰富度推断,巽他陆架的植物生物多样性明显低于婆罗洲。这表明生物多样性在大规模分布区扩张过程中有所丧失。我们的研究结果表明,东南亚低地具有重新造林的潜力,但遗憾的是,仅靠自然再生无法将生物多样性恢复到受干扰前的水平。此外,婆罗洲北部山区的古老森林似乎是不可替代的,因此是保护工作的重点。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of nature-based climate solutions for agricultural landscapes in the Galápagos Islands 评估加拉帕戈斯群岛农业景观的自然气候解决方案
IF 4 1区 地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2024.104598
Ilia Alomía Herrera , Armando Molina , Yessenia Montes , Jean Louise Dixon , Veerle Vanacker
The Galápagos Islands are highly vulnerable to climate and environmental change, and nature-based solutions can help local communities adapt local agricultural systems. Through a comparative analysis, we evaluated the effects of three land management strategies on soil temperature, soil water availability and storage, and carbon stocks in Santa Cruz Island (Galápagos Archipelago). We installed six monitoring sites that consisted of two replicates per pathway: (i) the avoided loss of tropical forest, (ii) the conservation of scattered trees and living fences in at-risk agroforestry system, and (iii) the increase in biomass after a reduction of the grazing intensity. The monitoring sites were equipped with a dense network of rain gauges, air temperature and relative humidity sensors, and capacitance/frequency probes that registered volumetric water content and soil temperature. After pedological characterization of the soil profiles, the soil physico-chemical and hydrophysical properties were determined in laboratory. Over a period of 30 months (July 2019 to December 2021), hydrometeorological and soil environmental data were collected.
We assessed differences in soil temperature, moisture availability and soil organic carbon content between native forests, sites under traditional agroforestry and under passive restoration. Forest soils were 12 % cooler;, and soil moisture under forest was 20 % higher than in parcels with silvopastural management. Forest soils had a lower dry bulk density, lower saturated hydraulic conductivity and higher water retention capacity in comparison with the other two management types. In silvopastural systems, a decrease of grazing intensity had a positive effect on soil carbon stocks, that were about 50 % higher than in soils under traditional management. This study shows that avoided loss of tropical forest within an agricultural landscape is a promising strategy to mitigate increasing soil temperatures, agricultural drought, and decline in soil organic carbon content. Continued monitoring of the experimental sites is necessary to corroborate the findings of this investigation at longer temporal scales.
加拉帕戈斯群岛极易受到气候和环境变化的影响,而基于自然的解决方案可以帮助当地社区适应当地的农业系统。通过比较分析,我们评估了三种土地管理策略对圣克鲁斯岛(加拉帕戈斯群岛)土壤温度、土壤水分供应和储存以及碳储量的影响。我们设置了六个监测点,每个监测点由两个重复点组成:(i) 避免热带雨林的消失;(ii) 保护零星树木和危险农林系统中的活栅栏;(iii) 降低放牧强度后生物量的增加。监测点配备了密集的雨量计网络、空气温度和相对湿度传感器,以及记录体积含水量和土壤温度的电容/频率探头。在对土壤剖面进行土壤学特征描述后,在实验室测定了土壤的物理化学和水文物理特性。在为期 30 个月(2019 年 7 月至 2021 年 12 月)的时间里,我们收集了水文气象和土壤环境数据。我们评估了原生林、传统农林业用地和被动恢复用地之间在土壤温度、水分可用性和土壤有机碳含量方面的差异。森林土壤的温度比传统农林业地块低 12%;森林土壤的湿度比采用造林-牧业管理的地块高 20%。与其他两种管理类型相比,森林土壤的干容重较低,饱和导水率较低,保水能力较强。在植树造林系统中,放牧强度的降低对土壤碳储量有积极影响,比传统管理下的土壤碳储量高出约 50%。这项研究表明,在农业景观中避免热带雨林的损失是缓解土壤温度升高、农业干旱和土壤有机碳含量下降的有效策略。有必要对实验点进行持续监测,以便在更长的时间尺度上证实这项调查的结果。
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Global and Planetary Change
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