Global and Planetary Change最新文献_第7页

Metal induced chitinozoan malformations link the Mid-Ludfordian OAE to the venting of metalliferous hydrothermal basin brines into the Silurian Ocean 金属诱发的几丁质动物畸形将中卢德福尔东火山爆发与含金属热液盆地盐水向志留纪海洋的喷发联系起来

IF 3.9 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Global and Planetary Change

Pub Date : 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2026.105303

Tim De Backer, Poul Emsbo, Patrick I. McLaughlin, Iris Vancoppenolle, Carolina Klock, Axel Munnecke, Thijs R.A. Vandenbroucke

引用次数: 0

Repeated pulses of volcanism drove terrestrial vegetation and climate changes during the Late Triassic Carnian Pluvial Episode in North China 华北晚三叠世卡尼期多雨期火山活动的反复脉动驱动了陆相植被和气候的变化

IF 4 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Global and Planetary Change

Pub Date : 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2026.105301

Peixin Zhang , Minfang Yang , Jing Lu , Jacopo Dal Corso , Zhongfeng Jiang , Lei Wang , Kai Zhou , Xiaotao Xu , Yanghang Guo , Huijuan Chen , Longyi Shao , Zhen Xu , Jason Hilton

The Late Triassic Carnian Pluvial Episode (CPE; ∼234–232 Ma) witnessed profound changes in terrestrial ecosystems, vegetation, and climate, which could be related to eruptions of Wrangellia Large Igneous Province (LIP). Nonetheless, the scarcity of detailed terrestrial plant records limits understanding of whether these floral and climate changes were synchronized with Wrangellia's eruption pulses. Here, we investigated high-resolution palynological data through the CPE from the Jiyuan terrestrial Basin in North China. Our data reveal four distinct phases of terrestrial vegetation transition from xerophytes to hygrophytes, with each shift accompanied by pronounced climate transformations from relatively cool-dry to relatively warm-humid conditions. Each vegetation shift is linked temporally with volcanic activity indicators including negative organic carbon isotope excursions, Hg and Hg/TOC peaks, and near-zero Δ¹⁹⁹Hg isotope values. After the first, third and fourth eruptions, vegetation recovery showed resilience with floral reassembly broadly similar to pre-eruption floras. In contrast, the impact of the second eruption was apparently larger and triggered more dramatic changes including a surge in terrestrial plant diversity and hygrophytic species, with vegetation recovery having a distinct and more modern floral composition (e.g., Dipteridaceae, Matoniaceae, Pinaceae, and Podocarpaceae) that persisted after the CPE. Our findings offer new insights into the links between LIP volcanism and terrestrial vegetation and climate changes during the CPE, and demonstrates differential floral and climatic responses to different scales of major CO₂-driven global warming events in deep time in otherwise similar environmental contexts.

晚三叠世卡尼世雨积期（CPE; ~ 234-232 Ma）经历了陆地生态系统、植被和气候的深刻变化，这可能与Wrangellia大火成岩省（LIP）的喷发有关。尽管如此，详细的陆生植物记录的缺乏限制了人们对这些植物和气候变化是否与弗兰格利亚火山喷发脉冲同步的理解。本文对济源陆相盆地的高分辨率孢粉资料进行了CPE分析。我们的数据揭示了陆地植被从旱生植物向湿生植物转变的四个不同阶段，每个转变都伴随着明显的气候变化，从相对凉爽干燥的条件到相对温暖潮湿的条件。每一次植被转移在时间上都与火山活动指标相关，包括负有机碳同位素漂移、Hg和Hg/TOC峰值以及接近于零的Δ199Hg同位素值。在第一次、第三次和第四次喷发后，植被恢复表现出恢复能力，植物的重组与喷发前的植物区系大致相似。相比之下，第二次火山喷发的影响更大，引发了更剧烈的变化，包括陆生植物多样性和湿生植物种类的激增，植被恢复具有明显的更现代的植物组成（如龙门科、松科、松科和Podocarpaceae），这些植物组成在CPE之后持续存在。我们的研究结果为CPE期间LIP火山活动与陆地植被和气候变化之间的联系提供了新的见解，并证明了在其他类似环境背景下，植物和气候对不同尺度的co2驱动的全球变暖事件的不同响应。

{"title":"Repeated pulses of volcanism drove terrestrial vegetation and climate changes during the Late Triassic Carnian Pluvial Episode in North China","authors":"Peixin Zhang , Minfang Yang , Jing Lu , Jacopo Dal Corso , Zhongfeng Jiang , Lei Wang , Kai Zhou , Xiaotao Xu , Yanghang Guo , Huijuan Chen , Longyi Shao , Zhen Xu , Jason Hilton","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2026.105301","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2026.105301","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Late Triassic Carnian Pluvial Episode (CPE; ∼234–232 Ma) witnessed profound changes in terrestrial ecosystems, vegetation, and climate, which could be related to eruptions of Wrangellia Large Igneous Province (LIP). Nonetheless, the scarcity of detailed terrestrial plant records limits understanding of whether these floral and climate changes were synchronized with Wrangellia's eruption pulses. Here, we investigated high-resolution palynological data through the CPE from the Jiyuan terrestrial Basin in North China. Our data reveal four distinct phases of terrestrial vegetation transition from xerophytes to hygrophytes, with each shift accompanied by pronounced climate transformations from relatively cool-dry to relatively warm-humid conditions. Each vegetation shift is linked temporally with volcanic activity indicators including negative organic carbon isotope excursions, Hg and Hg/TOC peaks, and near-zero Δ<sup>199</sup>Hg isotope values. After the first, third and fourth eruptions, vegetation recovery showed resilience with floral reassembly broadly similar to pre-eruption floras. In contrast, the impact of the second eruption was apparently larger and triggered more dramatic changes including a surge in terrestrial plant diversity and hygrophytic species, with vegetation recovery having a distinct and more modern floral composition (e.g., Dipteridaceae, Matoniaceae, Pinaceae, and Podocarpaceae) that persisted after the CPE. Our findings offer new insights into the links between LIP volcanism and terrestrial vegetation and climate changes during the CPE, and demonstrates differential floral and climatic responses to different scales of major CO<sub>2</sub>-driven global warming events in deep time in otherwise similar environmental contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55089,"journal":{"name":"Global and Planetary Change","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 105301"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145962397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reduced spatial heterogeneity of day-night temperature variability difference under global changes 降低了全球变化下昼夜温差的空间异质性

IF 4 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Global and Planetary Change

Pub Date : 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2026.105311

Fayong Liu , Fangli Wei , Yuanyuan Huang

Temperature and its variability underpin numerous earth system processes and human activities, yet variations occurring under darkness remain insufficiently explored. In this study, we quantified nighttime temperature variability (Night_var) and daytime temperature variability (Day_var) using three complementary methods: range, range/mean, and standard deviation, allowing us to examine both their shared patterns and distinct characteristics. Globally, both Day_var and Night_var declined significantly (−0.18 °C century⁻¹, P < 0.05), yet slower than the diurnal temperature range (−0.23 °C century⁻¹, 1950–2023). The day–night temperature variability difference (Differ_var) showed great spatial heterogeneity, with higher Differ_var in tropics while lower in high latitudes. These regional contrasts have been weakening, attributed to the declining albedo in northern mid-to-high latitudes and less sensible heat flux from surface to atmosphere in tropics. The overall shrinkage of the spatial heterogeneity in Differ_var during historical period indicates different biomes are experiencing divergent impacts of Day_var and Night_var changes. This study addresses knowledge gaps in temperature variability at diurnal scale, offering new insights into the global shifted temperature regimes under climate change.

温度及其变化是许多地球系统过程和人类活动的基础，但在黑暗中发生的变化仍未得到充分探索。在这项研究中，我们使用三种互补的方法：极差、极差/平均值和标准差来量化夜间温度变异性（Nightvar）和白天温度变异性（Dayvar），使我们能够检查它们的共同模式和不同特征。在全球范围内，日差和夜差均显著下降（- 0.18°C century - 1, P < 0.05），但低于日温变化幅度（- 0.23°C century - 1, 1950-2023）。昼夜温差表现出较大的空间异质性，热带地区温差较大，高纬度地区温差较小。由于北部中高纬度地区反照率下降，热带地区地表到大气的感热通量减少，这些区域差异正在减弱。差异值空间异质性在历史时期的整体缩小表明不同的生物群系受到日差和夜差变化的不同影响。本研究解决了日尺度温度变化的知识缺口，为气候变化下的全球温度变化机制提供了新的见解。

{"title":"Reduced spatial heterogeneity of day-night temperature variability difference under global changes","authors":"Fayong Liu , Fangli Wei , Yuanyuan Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2026.105311","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2026.105311","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Temperature and its variability underpin numerous earth system processes and human activities, yet variations occurring under darkness remain insufficiently explored. In this study, we quantified nighttime temperature variability (Night<sub>var</sub>) and daytime temperature variability (Day<sub>var</sub>) using three complementary methods: range, range/mean, and standard deviation, allowing us to examine both their shared patterns and distinct characteristics. Globally, both Day<sub>var</sub> and Night<sub>var</sub> declined significantly (−0.18 °C century<sup>−1</sup>, <em>P</em> < 0.05), yet slower than the diurnal temperature range (−0.23 °C century<sup>−1</sup>, 1950–2023). The day–night temperature variability difference (Differ<sub>var</sub>) showed great spatial heterogeneity, with higher Differ<sub>var</sub> in tropics while lower in high latitudes. These regional contrasts have been weakening, attributed to the declining albedo in northern mid-to-high latitudes and less sensible heat flux from surface to atmosphere in tropics. The overall shrinkage of the spatial heterogeneity in Differ<sub>var</sub> during historical period indicates different biomes are experiencing divergent impacts of Day<sub>var</sub> and Night<sub>var</sub> changes. This study addresses knowledge gaps in temperature variability at diurnal scale, offering new insights into the global shifted temperature regimes under climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55089,"journal":{"name":"Global and Planetary Change","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 105311"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145962400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The footprint of urbanization on land surface phenology in China 中国城市化足迹对地表物候的影响

IF 4 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Global and Planetary Change

Pub Date : 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2026.105306

Jialu Gong , Jianjun Zhao , Yeqiao Wang , Hongyan Zhang , LiangXian Fan , Tao Xiong , Yuyu Zhou

Urbanization exerts a considerable influence on land surface phenology (LSP), however, the extent and spatial footprint of such impacts have not been thoroughly investigated. Here, we derived the LSP parameters based on the MOD13Q1 product and quantified urbanization's impact along an area-based urban-rural gradient. According to our findings, urbanization causes the start of the growing season (SOS) to begin earlier and the end of the growing season (EOS) to terminate later in urban areas. This effect exhibits a logarithmic decay pattern along the urban-rural gradient, with its footprint proportional to urban size. For the total area, urbanization's footprint on SOS was 5 to 5.5 times the urban size beyond its boundary, while that of EOS ranged from 4.5 to 5.5 times. The urban-rural difference in SOS was greater in regions characterized by cold dry winters, while the difference in EOS was greater in arid regions and climate zones with hot summers and dry winters. Urbanization exerted a broader footprint on LSP where adequate moisture and mild summer temperatures converge. Cropland-dominated areas exhibited greater urban-rural differences in EOS and a wider footprint of urbanization on SOS. These findings highlight the necessity of considering climate background, latitude, and vegetation type in urban-rural phenology research, which is crucial for understanding the variations in urban ecosystems under the backdrop of global climate change.

城市化对地表物候的影响相当大，但其影响程度和空间足迹尚未得到深入研究。本文基于MOD13Q1产品推导出LSP参数，并沿区域城乡梯度量化城市化的影响。根据我们的研究结果，城市化导致城市地区生长季节开始（SOS）开始时间提前，生长季节结束（EOS）结束时间推迟。这种效应沿城乡梯度呈对数衰减模式，其足迹与城市规模成正比。就总面积而言，SOS上的城市化足迹是其边界以外城市规模的5 ~ 5.5倍，EOS上的城市化足迹为4.5 ~ 5.5倍。在冬季寒冷干燥的地区，SOS的城乡差异较大，而在夏季炎热冬季干燥的干旱地区，EOS的城乡差异较大。城市化对LSP产生了更广泛的影响，那里有充足的水分和温和的夏季温度汇聚。以耕地为主的地区在SOS上表现出更大的城乡差异，城市化对SOS的影响更大。这些发现强调了在城乡物候研究中考虑气候背景、纬度和植被类型的必要性，这对于理解全球气候变化背景下城市生态系统的变化至关重要。

{"title":"The footprint of urbanization on land surface phenology in China","authors":"Jialu Gong , Jianjun Zhao , Yeqiao Wang , Hongyan Zhang , LiangXian Fan , Tao Xiong , Yuyu Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2026.105306","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2026.105306","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urbanization exerts a considerable influence on land surface phenology (LSP), however, the extent and spatial footprint of such impacts have not been thoroughly investigated. Here, we derived the LSP parameters based on the MOD13Q1 product and quantified urbanization's impact along an area-based urban-rural gradient. According to our findings, urbanization causes the start of the growing season (SOS) to begin earlier and the end of the growing season (EOS) to terminate later in urban areas. This effect exhibits a logarithmic decay pattern along the urban-rural gradient, with its footprint proportional to urban size. For the total area, urbanization's footprint on SOS was 5 to 5.5 times the urban size beyond its boundary, while that of EOS ranged from 4.5 to 5.5 times. The urban-rural difference in SOS was greater in regions characterized by cold dry winters, while the difference in EOS was greater in arid regions and climate zones with hot summers and dry winters. Urbanization exerted a broader footprint on LSP where adequate moisture and mild summer temperatures converge. Cropland-dominated areas exhibited greater urban-rural differences in EOS and a wider footprint of urbanization on SOS. These findings highlight the necessity of considering climate background, latitude, and vegetation type in urban-rural phenology research, which is crucial for understanding the variations in urban ecosystems under the backdrop of global climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55089,"journal":{"name":"Global and Planetary Change","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 105306"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145957013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multi-millennial reconstruction of fire return intervals from a fynbos – Afrotemperate forest ecotone in the Cape Floristic Region, South Africa: Paleoecological implications for present-day management 南非开普区温带-温带森林交错带复火间隔的千年重建：对当今管理的古生态学意义

IF 4 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Global and Planetary Change

Pub Date : 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2026.105307

Stella G. Mosher , Mitchell J. Power , Lynne J. Quick , Brian M. Chase , Torsten Haberzettl , Thomas Kasper , Simon C. Brewer , David R. Braun , J. Tyler Faith

In South Africa's highly biodiverse and fire-adapted Cape Floristic Region, fire is critical to maintaining ecosystem health and for the reproductive strategies of many endemic species. Ecological studies have identified fire return intervals (FRIs) of approximately 10–15 years. However, the short timescale of these observations, derived from anthropogenically impacted systems, means that the extent to which these FRIs are maintained over millennia, and how vegetation dynamics co-vary with fire frequency is poorly resolved. Here, we analyze a high-resolution macrocharcoal record from a lacustrine sedimentary archive to reconstruct fire return intervals over four millennia at a fynbos-afrotemperate forest ecotone along South Africa's southern Cape coast. We address variability in fire activity (i.e., more or less burning) and FRIs in relation to pollen-derived reconstructions of local vegetation change and regional shifts in moisture availability over the past 4200 years. We document a range of FRIs between 10.5 and 166 years. We find that FRIs shift towards longer intervals, fire activity decreases, and afrotemperate forest vegetation becomes more abundant during periods of increased moisture availability. Our historical (1890–2013 CE) FRI reconstruction is consistent with ∼10–15 years between burns, but one must only look back a few centuries to see FRIs far outside the range of variability observed today. This suggests that our present-day ecological lens is not representative of the full range of natural variability experienced at this site over the past four millennia. This work provides long-term ecological context to land managers working towards the conservation and protection of fynbos.

在南非高度生物多样性和适应火的开普植物区，火对维持生态系统健康和许多特有物种的繁殖策略至关重要。生态学研究已经确定了火灾恢复间隔（fri）大约为10-15 年。然而，这些观测的时间尺度较短，来源于受人为影响的系统，这意味着这些森林植被指数维持千年的程度，以及植被动态如何随火灾频率共同变化的问题很难解决。在这里，我们分析了来自湖相沉积档案的高分辨率宏碳记录，以重建南非南开普海岸的芬博斯-非温带森林过渡带4000多年的火灾恢复间隔。在过去的4200 年里，我们研究了火灾活动（即燃烧或多或少）的变异性，以及与花粉衍生的当地植被变化重建和水分可用性的区域变化有关的fri。我们记录了在10.5至166 年之间的fri范围。我们发现，在水分有效度增加的时期，森林植被变化向更长的间隔转变，火灾活动减少，非温带森林植被变得更加丰富。我们的历史（1890-2013 CE） FRI重建与烧伤之间的~ 10-15 年一致，但必须回顾几个世纪，才能看到FRI远远超出了今天观察到的变异性范围。这表明，我们现在的生态镜头并不能代表过去四千年来这个地方经历的全部自然变化。这项工作为致力于保存和保护芬博斯的土地管理者提供了长期的生态背景。

{"title":"Multi-millennial reconstruction of fire return intervals from a fynbos – Afrotemperate forest ecotone in the Cape Floristic Region, South Africa: Paleoecological implications for present-day management","authors":"Stella G. Mosher , Mitchell J. Power , Lynne J. Quick , Brian M. Chase , Torsten Haberzettl , Thomas Kasper , Simon C. Brewer , David R. Braun , J. Tyler Faith","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2026.105307","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2026.105307","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In South Africa's highly biodiverse and fire-adapted Cape Floristic Region, fire is critical to maintaining ecosystem health and for the reproductive strategies of many endemic species. Ecological studies have identified fire return intervals (FRIs) of approximately 10–15 years. However, the short timescale of these observations, derived from anthropogenically impacted systems, means that the extent to which these FRIs are maintained over millennia, and how vegetation dynamics co-vary with fire frequency is poorly resolved. Here, we analyze a high-resolution macrocharcoal record from a lacustrine sedimentary archive to reconstruct fire return intervals over four millennia at a fynbos-afrotemperate forest ecotone along South Africa's southern Cape coast. We address variability in fire activity (i.e., more or less burning) and FRIs in relation to pollen-derived reconstructions of local vegetation change and regional shifts in moisture availability over the past 4200 years. We document a range of FRIs between 10.5 and 166 years. We find that FRIs shift towards longer intervals, fire activity decreases, and afrotemperate forest vegetation becomes more abundant during periods of increased moisture availability. Our historical (1890–2013 CE) FRI reconstruction is consistent with ∼10–15 years between burns, but one must only look back a few centuries to see FRIs far outside the range of variability observed today. This suggests that our present-day ecological lens is not representative of the full range of natural variability experienced at this site over the past four millennia. This work provides long-term ecological context to land managers working towards the conservation and protection of fynbos.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55089,"journal":{"name":"Global and Planetary Change","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 105307"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145957012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Declining anthropogenic wildfires in South American savannas 南美大草原人为野火减少

IF 4 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Global and Planetary Change

Pub Date : 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2026.105305

Yuxin Lou , Qi Zhang , Yaqi Jiang , Cong Gao , Chunming Shi

Wildfires represent a fundamental natural disturbance process in terrestrial ecosystems, originating from both natural phenomena and human activities. Differentiating natural fires (NFs) from anthropogenic fires (AFs) and elucidating their spatial heterogeneity and underlying drivers are critical for developing targeted wildfire management strategies. We applied a classification framework integrating lightning fire probability (LFP) with the Human Footprint (HFP) index, validating it against North American wildfire attribution records and achieving 73.5 % accuracy for NF and 85.7 % for AF. This approach enabled systematic classification of fire origins across South American savannas. Spatiotemporal analyses reveal divergent trends: AFs exhibited significant declines in frequency, burned area, and associated carbon emissions, whereas NFs exhibited statistically non-significant increases across all metrics. These opposing patterns are primarily attributable to region-specific fire suppression policies targeting AFs and intensifying hot and dry conditions driven by anthropogenic climate change that promote NFs. Although total AFs occurrences outnumbered NFs, fire activity intensities were significantly higher for NFs. Furthermore, correlations between fire activity and climatic/fuel indicators were significantly stronger for NFs than for AFs. Collectively, these findings provide an empirical foundation for designing targeted wildfire management frameworks that explicitly account for the distinct drivers and responses of NFs and AFs.

野火是陆地生态系统中一种基本的自然干扰过程，其根源既有自然现象，也有人类活动。区分自然火灾和人为火灾并阐明其空间异质性和潜在驱动因素对于制定有针对性的野火管理策略至关重要。我们应用了一个整合闪电火灾概率（LFP）和人类足迹（HFP）指数的分类框架，根据北美野火归因记录对其进行验证，NF和AF的准确率分别达到73.5 %和85.7 %。这种方法能够对南美大草原的火源进行系统分类。时空分析显示了不同的趋势：AFs的频率、燃烧面积和相关的碳排放量显著下降，而NFs在所有指标上都表现出统计上不显著的增加。这些相反的模式主要归因于针对AFs的区域特定灭火政策和人为气候变化导致的炎热和干燥条件加剧，从而促进了NFs。虽然AFs总发生次数超过NFs，但NFs的火灾活动强度明显更高。此外，森林森林的火灾活动与气候/燃料指标之间的相关性显著强于森林森林。总的来说，这些发现为设计有针对性的野火管理框架提供了经验基础，这些框架明确考虑了森林大火和森林大火的不同驱动因素和反应。

{"title":"Declining anthropogenic wildfires in South American savannas","authors":"Yuxin Lou , Qi Zhang , Yaqi Jiang , Cong Gao , Chunming Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2026.105305","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2026.105305","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wildfires represent a fundamental natural disturbance process in terrestrial ecosystems, originating from both natural phenomena and human activities. Differentiating natural fires (NFs) from anthropogenic fires (AFs) and elucidating their spatial heterogeneity and underlying drivers are critical for developing targeted wildfire management strategies. We applied a classification framework integrating lightning fire probability (LFP) with the Human Footprint (HFP) index, validating it against North American wildfire attribution records and achieving 73.5 % accuracy for NF and 85.7 % for AF. This approach enabled systematic classification of fire origins across South American savannas. Spatiotemporal analyses reveal divergent trends: AFs exhibited significant declines in frequency, burned area, and associated carbon emissions, whereas NFs exhibited statistically non-significant increases across all metrics. These opposing patterns are primarily attributable to region-specific fire suppression policies targeting AFs and intensifying hot and dry conditions driven by anthropogenic climate change that promote NFs. Although total AFs occurrences outnumbered NFs, fire activity intensities were significantly higher for NFs. Furthermore, correlations between fire activity and climatic/fuel indicators were significantly stronger for NFs than for AFs. Collectively, these findings provide an empirical foundation for designing targeted wildfire management frameworks that explicitly account for the distinct drivers and responses of NFs and AFs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55089,"journal":{"name":"Global and Planetary Change","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 105305"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145956973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evolution of Asian summer monsoon and vegetation in southwestern China and their linkages with wildfire history during the Holocene 全新世亚洲夏季风和中国西南植被演变及其与野火历史的关系

IF 4 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Global and Planetary Change

Pub Date : 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2026.105304

Bin Zhao , Yijia Liang , Yongjin Wang , Kan Zhao , Qingfeng Shao , Hai Cheng

Wildfires have profound impacts on the environment and human societies. Investigating the relationships among wildfires, vegetation, and climate is critical to understanding long-term wildfire patterns and predicting future wildfire risks. A ²³⁰Th/U-dated, ∼24-year resolution stalagmite stable isotope (δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C) record from Dongge Cave, Guizhou Province, provides us with the history of the monsoonal precipitation and vegetation evolution in southwestern China from 10.9 to 4.6 ka BP, covering the Early to Mid Holocene. We interpret our δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C records and correlate them with reconstructions of wildfire activity from the monsoonal region of China, intending to discuss the vegetation-fire-climate interactions and possible causal mechanisms. The results indicate that during the Early Holocene, wildfire activity was relatively suppressed by the enhanced summer monsoon rainfall, humid conditions, and vegetation expansion. During the Mid Holocene, when the Asian summer monsoon weakened, the regional climate was dry, the vegetation gradually deteriorated (with herbaceous plants replacing evergreen and C4 vegetation), and wildfire activity significantly increased. The decline of solar insolation and increasing CO₂ concentration during the Mid Holocene triggered a monsoon deterioration through atmospheric teleconnections and southward movement of the Intertropical Convergence Zone. The increased frequency of El Niño-Southern Oscillation at around 7.8, 6.3, and 4.9 ka BP during the Mid Holocene further caused Asian summer monsoon weakening and exacerbated aridification in the monsoonal region of China, which likely contributed to the dynamics of wildfires.

野火对环境和人类社会有着深远的影响。研究野火、植被和气候之间的关系对于理解长期野火模式和预测未来野火风险至关重要。贵州东格洞石笋稳定同位素（δ18O和δ13C）的230Th/ u定年~24年分辨率记录，为我们提供了10.9 ~ 4.6 ka BP，覆盖全新世早至中全新世的西南地区季风降水和植被演化历史。我们对δ18O和δ13C记录进行了解释，并将它们与中国季风区野火活动的重建进行了对比，旨在探讨植被-火-气候的相互作用及其可能的因果机制。结果表明，在全新世早期，夏季季风降雨增强、湿润条件和植被扩张相对抑制了森林野火活动。全新世中期，亚洲夏季风减弱，区域气候干燥，植被逐渐退化（草本植物取代常绿植被和C4植被），野火活动显著增加。全新世中期太阳日晒的减少和CO2浓度的增加通过大气遥相关和热带辐合带的南移引发了季风的恶化。全新世中期7.8、6.3和4.9 ka BP左右El Niño-Southern振荡频率的增加进一步导致亚洲夏季风减弱，加剧了中国季风区的干旱化，这可能是野火发生的动力因素。

{"title":"Evolution of Asian summer monsoon and vegetation in southwestern China and their linkages with wildfire history during the Holocene","authors":"Bin Zhao , Yijia Liang , Yongjin Wang , Kan Zhao , Qingfeng Shao , Hai Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2026.105304","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2026.105304","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wildfires have profound impacts on the environment and human societies. Investigating the relationships among wildfires, vegetation, and climate is critical to understanding long-term wildfire patterns and predicting future wildfire risks. A <sup>230</sup>Th/U-dated, ∼24-year resolution stalagmite stable isotope (δ<sup>18</sup>O and δ<sup>13</sup>C) record from Dongge Cave, Guizhou Province, provides us with the history of the monsoonal precipitation and vegetation evolution in southwestern China from 10.9 to 4.6 ka BP, covering the Early to Mid Holocene. We interpret our δ<sup>18</sup>O and δ<sup>13</sup>C records and correlate them with reconstructions of wildfire activity from the monsoonal region of China, intending to discuss the vegetation-fire-climate interactions and possible causal mechanisms. The results indicate that during the Early Holocene, wildfire activity was relatively suppressed by the enhanced summer monsoon rainfall, humid conditions, and vegetation expansion. During the Mid Holocene, when the Asian summer monsoon weakened, the regional climate was dry, the vegetation gradually deteriorated (with herbaceous plants replacing evergreen and C4 vegetation), and wildfire activity significantly increased. The decline of solar insolation and increasing CO<sub>2</sub> concentration during the Mid Holocene triggered a monsoon deterioration through atmospheric teleconnections and southward movement of the Intertropical Convergence Zone. The increased frequency of El Niño-Southern Oscillation at around 7.8, 6.3, and 4.9 ka BP during the Mid Holocene further caused Asian summer monsoon weakening and exacerbated aridification in the monsoonal region of China, which likely contributed to the dynamics of wildfires.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55089,"journal":{"name":"Global and Planetary Change","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 105304"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145957014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Spatiotemporal dynamic of global fires and their effects on land cover and vegetation recovery 全球火灾的时空动态及其对土地覆盖和植被恢复的影响

IF 4 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Global and Planetary Change

Pub Date : 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2026.105309

Peng Tian , Shenghao Wu , Yanyun Yan , Derong Xiao , Jialin Li , Yongchao Liu , Haitao Zhang , Chao Ying

Fire is a major natural disturbance shaping global ecosystems, affecting the carbon cycle, biodiversity, and land-cover dynamics. Existing global fire datasets rarely link fire occurrences to subsequent land-cover changes or vegetation recovery. Here, we develop a global fire dataset for 2001–2024 that couples fire occurrence with land-cover trajectories and post-fire NDVI regreening, while quantifying key fire attributes (timing, duration, burned area, fireline length, spread speed, and shape index). Globally, fires averaged ∼7.85 million occurrences and ∼ 3.90 million km² burned area annually, showing a declining trend in both frequency and burned area. Spread speeds decreased, while fire duration slightly increased, and fireline length and shape index remained relatively stable. Clustering analyses identified three fire typologies—medium-scale complex, extremely rapid, and small stable—differing in burned area (152–3754 km²), spread speed (2.1–52.8 km²/day), and geometric complexity. Recurrent fires were concentrated in tropical and arid regions, accelerating land-cover transitions, particularly forest-to-grassland conversion. NDVI recovery was slower in repeatedly burned areas, especially in dry tropical biomes and deserts, where mean recovery exceeded 150 days and two-year recovery rates remained below 60%. This global dataset and analytical framework enable improved fire impact assessment and support adaptive ecosystem management.

火灾是影响全球生态系统的主要自然干扰因素，影响碳循环、生物多样性和土地覆盖动态。现有的全球火灾数据集很少将火灾事件与随后的土地覆盖变化或植被恢复联系起来。在这里，我们开发了2001-2024年的全球火灾数据集，该数据集将火灾发生与土地覆盖轨迹和火灾后的NDVI绿化结合起来，同时量化了关键的火灾属性（时间、持续时间、燃烧面积、火线长度、传播速度和形状指数）。全球火灾年平均发生约785万次，烧毁面积 ~ 390万平方公里，火灾发生频率和烧毁面积均呈下降趋势。蔓延速度下降，持续时间略有增加，火线长度和形状指数保持相对稳定。聚类分析确定了三种火灾类型——中等规模复杂、极快速和小稳定——在燃烧面积（152-3754 km2）、蔓延速度（2.1-52.8 km2/天）和几何复杂性方面存在差异。经常发生的火灾集中在热带和干旱地区，加速了土地覆盖的转变，特别是森林到草地的转变。重复燃烧地区的NDVI恢复速度较慢，特别是在干燥的热带生物群系和沙漠中，平均恢复超过150 天，两年恢复率仍低于60%。该全球数据集和分析框架能够改进火灾影响评估并支持适应性生态系统管理。

{"title":"Spatiotemporal dynamic of global fires and their effects on land cover and vegetation recovery","authors":"Peng Tian , Shenghao Wu , Yanyun Yan , Derong Xiao , Jialin Li , Yongchao Liu , Haitao Zhang , Chao Ying","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2026.105309","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2026.105309","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fire is a major natural disturbance shaping global ecosystems, affecting the carbon cycle, biodiversity, and land-cover dynamics. Existing global fire datasets rarely link fire occurrences to subsequent land-cover changes or vegetation recovery. Here, we develop a global fire dataset for 2001–2024 that couples fire occurrence with land-cover trajectories and post-fire NDVI regreening, while quantifying key fire attributes (timing, duration, burned area, fireline length, spread speed, and shape index). Globally, fires averaged ∼7.85 million occurrences and ∼ 3.90 million km<sup>2</sup> burned area annually, showing a declining trend in both frequency and burned area. Spread speeds decreased, while fire duration slightly increased, and fireline length and shape index remained relatively stable. Clustering analyses identified three fire typologies—medium-scale complex, extremely rapid, and small stable—differing in burned area (152–3754 km<sup>2</sup>), spread speed (2.1–52.8 km<sup>2</sup>/day), and geometric complexity. Recurrent fires were concentrated in tropical and arid regions, accelerating land-cover transitions, particularly forest-to-grassland conversion. NDVI recovery was slower in repeatedly burned areas, especially in dry tropical biomes and deserts, where mean recovery exceeded 150 days and two-year recovery rates remained below 60%. This global dataset and analytical framework enable improved fire impact assessment and support adaptive ecosystem management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55089,"journal":{"name":"Global and Planetary Change","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 105309"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145957011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Revisiting global cropland water use efficiency: Insights from satellite remote sensing 重新审视全球农田用水效率：来自卫星遥感的见解

IF 4 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Global and Planetary Change

Pub Date : 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2026.105310

Lingxiao Huang , Yizhe Wang , Meng Liu , Na Yao , Yunjun Yao , Zhao-Liang Li

Accurately quantifying global cropland water use efficiency [WUE, the ratio of gross primary production (GPP) to evapotranspiration (ET)] and understanding its spatiotemporal dynamics are essential for improving agricultural water management. Although remote sensing (RS)-based WUE estimation has gained increasing attention, its ability to reproduce observed WUE over croplands remains poorly understood. Consequently, the widespread misapplication of RS-based WUE may lead to biased interpretations of its global spatiotemporal dynamics. Here, we utilized six state-of-the-art RS-based GPP and ET products (PMLv2 GPP and ET, MODIS GPP and ET, VPM GPP, and GLASS GPP) to generate eight WUE estimates through all possible combinations of four GPP and two ET datasets. These estimates were comprehensively evaluated against observations from 20 cropland flux sites by differentiating between C3 and C4 crops. The best-performing WUE was then used to investigate global cropland WUE dynamics from 2001 to 2016, with commonly used RS-based WUE included for comparison. Results showed that the VPM GPP, which explicitly accounts for physiological differences between C3 and C4 crops, performed significantly better than the other GPP products. As a result, GPP_VPM/ET_PMLv2, which to our knowledge, has not been previously documented, achieved the highest accuracy. In contrast, the most widely used GPP_MODIS/ET_MODIS exhibited poor performance (R² close to zero) and is therefore not suitable for estimating cropland WUE. From 2001 to 2016, GPP_VPM/ET_PMLv2 had a lower global average WUE (1.64 g C kg⁻¹ H₂O) compared to GPP_MODIS/ET_MODIS (1.73 g C kg⁻¹ H₂O) and GPP_PMLv2/ET_PMLv2 (2.07 g C kg⁻¹ H₂O), and was the only combination showing a statistically significant trend (+0.00669 g C kg⁻¹ H₂O, p < 0.05). Our study contributes by (1) providing a reference for selecting appropriate RS-based products for reliable cropland WUE estimation, (2) refining current understanding of global cropland WUE spatiotemporal dynamics, and (3) informing future advancements in RS-based WUE monitoring.

准确量化全球耕地水分利用效率[WUE， gross primary production (GPP) / evapotranspiration （ET）比值]并了解其时空动态对改善农业用水管理至关重要。尽管基于遥感（RS）的水分利用效率估算越来越受到关注，但其再现农田水分利用效率的能力仍然知之甚少。因此，基于rs的WUE的广泛误用可能导致对其全球时空动态的有偏见的解释。在这里，我们利用6个最先进的基于rs的GPP和ET产品（PMLv2 GPP和ET、MODIS GPP和ET、VPM GPP和GLASS GPP），通过4个GPP和2个ET数据集的所有可能组合，生成8个WUE估计。通过区分C3和C4作物，根据20个农田通量站点的观测资料对这些估计值进行了综合评价。然后使用表现最佳的WUE来调查2001年至2016年全球农田WUE动态，并包括常用的基于rs的WUE进行比较。结果表明，VPM GPP明显优于其他GPP产品，这是C3和C4作物生理差异的明确解释。因此，GPPVPM/ETPMLv2，据我们所知，以前没有记录过，达到了最高的准确性。相比之下，使用最广泛的GPPMODIS/ETMODIS表现出较差的性能（R2接近于零），因此不适合估算农田水分利用效率。从2001年到2016年，GPPVPM/ETPMLv2的全球平均WUE（1.64 g C kg−1 H2O）低于GPPMODIS/ETMODIS（1.73 g C kg−1 H2O）和GPPPMLv2/ETPMLv2(2.07 g C kg−1 H2O)，是唯一具有统计学显著趋势的组合（+0.00669 g C kg−1 H2O, p <； 0.05）。我们的研究贡献如下：(1)为选择合适的基于rs的产品进行可靠的耕地水分利用效率估算提供了参考；(2)完善了目前对全球耕地水分利用效率时空动态的理解；(3)为基于rs的水分利用效率监测的未来进展提供了信息。

{"title":"Revisiting global cropland water use efficiency: Insights from satellite remote sensing","authors":"Lingxiao Huang , Yizhe Wang , Meng Liu , Na Yao , Yunjun Yao , Zhao-Liang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2026.105310","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2026.105310","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurately quantifying global cropland water use efficiency [WUE, the ratio of gross primary production (GPP) to evapotranspiration (ET)] and understanding its spatiotemporal dynamics are essential for improving agricultural water management. Although remote sensing (RS)-based WUE estimation has gained increasing attention, its ability to reproduce observed WUE over croplands remains poorly understood. Consequently, the widespread misapplication of RS-based WUE may lead to biased interpretations of its global spatiotemporal dynamics. Here, we utilized six state-of-the-art RS-based GPP and ET products (PMLv2 GPP and ET, MODIS GPP and ET, VPM GPP, and GLASS GPP) to generate eight WUE estimates through all possible combinations of four GPP and two ET datasets. These estimates were comprehensively evaluated against observations from 20 cropland flux sites by differentiating between C3 and C4 crops. The best-performing WUE was then used to investigate global cropland WUE dynamics from 2001 to 2016, with commonly used RS-based WUE included for comparison. Results showed that the VPM GPP, which explicitly accounts for physiological differences between C3 and C4 crops, performed significantly better than the other GPP products. As a result, GPP<sub>VPM</sub>/ET<sub>PMLv2</sub>, which to our knowledge, has not been previously documented, achieved the highest accuracy. In contrast, the most widely used GPP<sub>MODIS</sub>/ET<sub>MODIS</sub> exhibited poor performance (R<sup>2</sup> close to zero) and is therefore not suitable for estimating cropland WUE. From 2001 to 2016, GPP<sub>VPM</sub>/ET<sub>PMLv2</sub> had a lower global average WUE (1.64 g C kg<sup>−1</sup> H<sub>2</sub>O) compared to GPP<sub>MODIS</sub>/ET<sub>MODIS</sub> (1.73 g C kg<sup>−1</sup> H<sub>2</sub>O) and GPP<sub>PMLv2</sub>/ET<sub>PMLv2</sub> (2.07 g C kg<sup>−1</sup> H<sub>2</sub>O), and was the only combination showing a statistically significant trend (+0.00669 g C kg<sup>−1</sup> H<sub>2</sub>O, <em>p</em> < 0.05). Our study contributes by (1) providing a reference for selecting appropriate RS-based products for reliable cropland WUE estimation, (2) refining current understanding of global cropland WUE spatiotemporal dynamics, and (3) informing future advancements in RS-based WUE monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55089,"journal":{"name":"Global and Planetary Change","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 105310"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145957010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A spike in malformed chitinozoans announces the Ireviken Ocean Anoxic event in the lower Wenlock 畸形几丁质动物的激增宣布了在温洛克下游的Ireviken海洋缺氧事件

IF 4 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Global and Planetary Change

Pub Date : 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2026.105302

Iris Vancoppenolle , Poul Emsbo , Patrick I. McLaughlin , Tim De Backer , Carolina Klock , Mikael Calner , Bradley D. Cramer , Axel Munnecke , Thijs R.A. Vandenbroucke

The Silurian record is punctuated by several large, positive stable carbon isotope excursions that coincide with extinction events. Increasingly, these events are interpreted as Silurian Ocean Anoxic Events (OAEs). Malformed chitinozoans (extinct organic-walled zooplankton) recently emerged as potential early indicators of these biogeochemical disturbances. This study is part of an integrated research effort testing the hypothesis that increased chitinozoan teratology is a hallmark signature of most of these Silurian OAEs. Here we focus on the Ireviken Event (lower Wenlock; 433 Ma).

Examination of more than 500,000 chitinozoan specimens in 74 samples from the well-studied Lusklint 1 outcrop and the complementary Lusklint-1 core (Gotland, Sweden), allowed their classification into normal, abnormal, and potentially abnormal categories. Ratios of normal versus abnormal chitinozoans across the Ireviken Event reveal malformation concentrations 3 to 33 times higher than background levels. Notably, the rise in teratological forms begins below the lowest conodont extinction datums that traditionally define the onset of the extinction event. This extended anomaly suggests that environmental stress, likely related to marine redox instability and metal contamination, preceded the earliest biotic turnover.

In vivo teratologic growth is an emerging powerful proxy for identifying original paleo-oceanographic stress. Our findings establish malformed chitinozoans as early harbingers of this pivotal Silurian OAE. By integrating detailed records of teratology with the stratigraphic context of the Ireviken OAE, this study demonstrates that malformations offer a sensitive and underutilized tool for reconstructing the sequence and drivers of Silurian OAEs.

志留纪的记录被几个与灭绝事件相吻合的大的、正的稳定碳同位素偏移所打断。这些事件越来越多地被解释为志留纪海洋缺氧事件（oae）。畸形几丁质动物（已灭绝的有机壁浮游动物）最近作为这些生物地球化学干扰的潜在早期指标出现。这项研究是一项综合研究工作的一部分，该研究验证了一种假设，即增加的几丁质动物致畸是大多数志留纪oae的标志性特征。这里我们关注Ireviken事件（lower Wenlock; 433 Ma）。

{"title":"A spike in malformed chitinozoans announces the Ireviken Ocean Anoxic event in the lower Wenlock","authors":"Iris Vancoppenolle , Poul Emsbo , Patrick I. McLaughlin , Tim De Backer , Carolina Klock , Mikael Calner , Bradley D. Cramer , Axel Munnecke , Thijs R.A. Vandenbroucke","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2026.105302","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2026.105302","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Silurian record is punctuated by several large, positive stable carbon isotope excursions that coincide with extinction events. Increasingly, these events are interpreted as Silurian Ocean Anoxic Events (OAEs). Malformed chitinozoans (extinct organic-walled zooplankton) recently emerged as potential early indicators of these biogeochemical disturbances. This study is part of an integrated research effort testing the hypothesis that increased chitinozoan teratology is a hallmark signature of most of these Silurian OAEs. Here we focus on the Ireviken Event (lower Wenlock; 433 Ma).</div><div>Examination of more than 500,000 chitinozoan specimens in 74 samples from the well-studied Lusklint 1 outcrop and the complementary Lusklint-1 core (Gotland, Sweden), allowed their classification into normal, abnormal, and potentially abnormal categories. Ratios of normal versus abnormal chitinozoans across the Ireviken Event reveal malformation concentrations 3 to 33 times higher than background levels. Notably, the rise in teratological forms begins below the lowest conodont extinction datums that traditionally define the onset of the extinction event. This extended anomaly suggests that environmental stress, likely related to marine redox instability and metal contamination, preceded the earliest biotic turnover.</div><div>In vivo teratologic growth is an emerging powerful proxy for identifying original paleo-oceanographic stress. Our findings establish malformed chitinozoans as early harbingers of this pivotal Silurian OAE. By integrating detailed records of teratology with the stratigraphic context of the Ireviken OAE, this study demonstrates that malformations offer a sensitive and underutilized tool for reconstructing the sequence and drivers of Silurian OAEs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55089,"journal":{"name":"Global and Planetary Change","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 105302"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145957015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0