Pub Date : 2025-12-19DOI: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105264
Licheng Guo , Qiaowen Zhang , Haozhong Xue , Shangfa Xiong , Shiling Yang , Zihua Tang , Linlin Cui , Jingyi Cui , Yongda Wang , Shihao Zhang
Current methodological limitations in soil chronology constrain our understanding of soil carbon dynamics and the carbon stabilization mechanisms. Here, new 14C measurements and chemically extracted data revealed that H2O2-resistant residues effectively represent the recalcitrant carbon pool in closed soil systems. Therefore, these soils were used to establish a methodological framework for quantifying the 14C age offset between bulk soil and recalcitrant carbon fraction on a large scale. The initial time of carbon input in closed non-permafrost soils, defined by bulk-soil age plus the age offset, revealed that global soil formation accelerated synchronously with insolation-induced biome expansion approximately 12,000 years ago, with a mean age of 5255 years. The postglacial development of non-permafrost soils increased both arable land and pastoral resources, enabling population growth. Our findings confirm that organic carbon in deep-aged soils exhibits thermal inertia, whereas plant-derived particulate organic carbon within surface horizons drove decadal soil carbon accumulation under thermal forcing during the Holocene. This study has implications for refining climate projections and developing carbon sequestration strategies.
{"title":"Globally synchronous acceleration of soil formation approximately 12,000 years ago","authors":"Licheng Guo , Qiaowen Zhang , Haozhong Xue , Shangfa Xiong , Shiling Yang , Zihua Tang , Linlin Cui , Jingyi Cui , Yongda Wang , Shihao Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105264","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105264","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Current methodological limitations in soil chronology constrain our understanding of soil carbon dynamics and the carbon stabilization mechanisms. Here, new <sup>14</sup>C measurements and chemically extracted data revealed that H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-resistant residues effectively represent the recalcitrant carbon pool in closed soil systems. Therefore, these soils were used to establish a methodological framework for quantifying the <sup>14</sup>C age offset between bulk soil and recalcitrant carbon fraction on a large scale. The initial time of carbon input in closed non-permafrost soils, defined by bulk-soil age plus the age offset, revealed that global soil formation accelerated synchronously with insolation-induced biome expansion approximately 12,000 years ago, with a mean age of 5255 years. The postglacial development of non-permafrost soils increased both arable land and pastoral resources, enabling population growth. Our findings confirm that organic carbon in deep-aged soils exhibits thermal inertia, whereas plant-derived particulate organic carbon within surface horizons drove decadal soil carbon accumulation under thermal forcing during the Holocene. This study has implications for refining climate projections and developing carbon sequestration strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55089,"journal":{"name":"Global and Planetary Change","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 105264"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145785305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-19DOI: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105258
Xiujuan Bao , Yongyun Hu , Xiang Li , Jiaqi Guo , Shuai Yuan , Mengyu Wei , Zhibo Li , Kai Man , Zihan Yin , Jing Han , Jian Zhang , Qiang Wei , Yonggang Liu , Jun Yang , Ji Nie
Bauxites and kaolinites, products of intense chemical weathering, are commonly considered as qualitative indicators of warm and humid environmental conditions in paleoclimate studies. Despite their recognized significance, a comprehensive quantitative analysis of the relationship between the formation of bauxites and kaolinites in the geological past and climatic factors remains lacking. Here, we integrate geological records with climate simulations to establish quantitative relationships between bauxite and kaolinite occurrences and temperature-precipitation patterns over the Phanerozoic. Bauxites and kaolinites were mainly located in the tropics in the Paleozoic. They shifted to the subtropics for much of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic. Our findings reveal that bauxites formed with annual mean temperature (AMT) of 26.7 °C and annual mean precipitation (AMP) of 1725 mm y−1 before 250 Ma, and the median AMT and AMP decreased to 24.3 °C and 982 mm y−1 after 250 Ma. Kaolinites formed with medium AMT and AMP of 25.1 °C and 1427 mm y−1 in the Paleozoic, respectively. Then, they decreased to a 20.5 °C and 1122 mm y−1 in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic. The variations in latitudes, temperatures and precipitation of bauxites and kaolinites are attributed to global land distributions and climate states. These results enhance our understanding of the weathering processes of the metallogenesis of bauxites and kaolinites.
铝土矿和高岭石是强烈化学风化作用的产物，在古气候研究中通常被认为是温暖和潮湿环境条件的定性指标。尽管铝土矿和高岭石具有公认的重要意义，但对过去地质时期铝土矿和高岭石的形成与气候因素之间关系的全面定量分析仍然缺乏。在这里，我们将地质记录与气候模拟相结合，以建立显生宙铝土矿和高岭石产状与温度-降水模式之间的定量关系。古生代铝土矿和高岭石主要分布在热带地区。在中生代和新生代的大部分时间里，它们迁移到了亚热带地区。研究结果表明，250ma前铝土矿的年平均温度（AMT）为26.7°C，年平均降水量（AMP）为1725 mm y - 1, 250ma后的中位数AMT和AMP降至24.3°C和982 mm y - 1。高岭石形成于古生代，AMT和AMP分别为25.1°C和1427 mm y - 1。在中、新生代，温度分别降至20.5°C和1122 mm y - 1。铝土矿和高岭石的纬度、温度和降水变化归因于全球陆地分布和气候状态。这些结果增强了我们对铝土矿和高岭石成矿风化过程的认识。
{"title":"Quantifying climate conditions for the formation of bauxites and kaolinites","authors":"Xiujuan Bao , Yongyun Hu , Xiang Li , Jiaqi Guo , Shuai Yuan , Mengyu Wei , Zhibo Li , Kai Man , Zihan Yin , Jing Han , Jian Zhang , Qiang Wei , Yonggang Liu , Jun Yang , Ji Nie","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105258","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105258","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bauxites and kaolinites, products of intense chemical weathering, are commonly considered as qualitative indicators of warm and humid environmental conditions in paleoclimate studies. Despite their recognized significance, a comprehensive quantitative analysis of the relationship between the formation of bauxites and kaolinites in the geological past and climatic factors remains lacking. Here, we integrate geological records with climate simulations to establish quantitative relationships between bauxite and kaolinite occurrences and temperature-precipitation patterns over the Phanerozoic. Bauxites and kaolinites were mainly located in the tropics in the Paleozoic. They shifted to the subtropics for much of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic. Our findings reveal that bauxites formed with annual mean temperature (AMT) of 26.7 °C and annual mean precipitation (AMP) of 1725 mm y<sup>−1</sup> before 250 Ma, and the median AMT and AMP decreased to 24.3 °C and 982 mm y<sup>−1</sup> after 250 Ma. Kaolinites formed with medium AMT and AMP of 25.1 °C and 1427 mm y<sup>−1</sup> in the Paleozoic, respectively. Then, they decreased to a 20.5 °C and 1122 mm y<sup>−1</sup> in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic. The variations in latitudes, temperatures and precipitation of bauxites and kaolinites are attributed to global land distributions and climate states. These results enhance our understanding of the weathering processes of the metallogenesis of bauxites and kaolinites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55089,"journal":{"name":"Global and Planetary Change","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 105258"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145785302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-18DOI: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105260
Qimei Guo , Yue Cai , Ahmed N. El-Barkooky , Abdel-Moneim El-Araby , Ting Ruan , Jing Liu , Anping Zou , Ahmed Zakaria , Nicholas Christie-Blick , Raed Badr
Monsoons play a pivotal role in regulating the global climate system and sustaining agricultural productivity. However, our understanding of monsoon evolution, particularly the African monsoons before the Middle Miocene, remains limited due to the paucity of relevant geological records. Well-preserved, uplifted Lower Miocene marine strata from the Gulf of Suez (GoS) basin could bridge this critical gap in paleoclimate reconstructions. Here we present, for the first time, high-resolution age model for the 20.68–19.12 Ma Nukhul Formation from the Wadi Baba area at the eastern margin of the GoS, based on nannofossil biostratigraphy, strontium isotope stratigraphy, and benthic foraminiferal δ18O records. Building upon this age framework, geochemical compositions (143Nd/144Nd, 87Sr/86Sr, and Ni/Al ratios) of fine-grained (<63 μm) silicate GoS sediments reveal an increased contribution from volcanic sources, most likely the Oligocene Ethiopian Highland volcanics, during times in which the West African summer monsoon was intensified. Such spans are hypothesized to have corresponded with an increase in the fine-grained detrital flux of the Miocene river system (MRS) in northeastern Africa from the Ethiopian Highlands to the eastern Mediterranean, and indirectly into the GoS basin. We find that, similar to records of Plio-Pleistocene West African summer monsoons and Oligo-Miocene Asian summer monsoons, Early Miocene West African summer monsoon variability was dominated by the 405-kyr eccentricity cycle, with wetter conditions during eccentricity maxima. This remarkable coherence underscores the 405-kyr eccentricity forcing as a fundamental pacemaker of tropical hydroclimate for at least the last 20 Myr, even under much warmer climate conditions like those of the Early Miocene.
{"title":"Sediment provenance and foraminiferal isotope records reveal eccentricity-paced African monsoon variability in the Early Miocene","authors":"Qimei Guo , Yue Cai , Ahmed N. El-Barkooky , Abdel-Moneim El-Araby , Ting Ruan , Jing Liu , Anping Zou , Ahmed Zakaria , Nicholas Christie-Blick , Raed Badr","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105260","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105260","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Monsoons play a pivotal role in regulating the global climate system and sustaining agricultural productivity. However, our understanding of monsoon evolution, particularly the African monsoons before the Middle Miocene, remains limited due to the paucity of relevant geological records. Well-preserved, uplifted Lower Miocene marine strata from the Gulf of Suez (GoS) basin could bridge this critical gap in paleoclimate reconstructions. Here we present, for the first time, high-resolution age model for the 20.68–19.12 Ma Nukhul Formation from the Wadi Baba area at the eastern margin of the GoS, based on nannofossil biostratigraphy, strontium isotope stratigraphy, and benthic foraminiferal δ<sup>18</sup>O records. Building upon this age framework, geochemical compositions (<sup>143</sup>Nd/<sup>144</sup>Nd, <sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr, and Ni/Al ratios) of fine-grained (<63 μm) silicate GoS sediments reveal an increased contribution from volcanic sources, most likely the Oligocene Ethiopian Highland volcanics, during times in which the West African summer monsoon was intensified. Such spans are hypothesized to have corresponded with an increase in the fine-grained detrital flux of the Miocene river system (MRS) in northeastern Africa from the Ethiopian Highlands to the eastern Mediterranean, and indirectly into the GoS basin. We find that, similar to records of Plio-Pleistocene West African summer monsoons and Oligo-Miocene Asian summer monsoons, Early Miocene West African summer monsoon variability was dominated by the 405-kyr eccentricity cycle, with wetter conditions during eccentricity maxima. This remarkable coherence underscores the 405-kyr eccentricity forcing as a fundamental pacemaker of tropical hydroclimate for at least the last 20 Myr, even under much warmer climate conditions like those of the Early Miocene.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55089,"journal":{"name":"Global and Planetary Change","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 105260"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145785313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-18DOI: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105259
Dahua Huang , Kefu Yu , Leilei Jiang , Wei Jiang
The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) dominates global interannual climate variability and significantly impacts human societies. However, ENSO behavior during the Holocene remains poorly constrained and debated, limiting our ability to assess its long-term dynamics. Here, we present a 2203-year, discontinuous record of annual coral growth rates, derived from 113 U-series-dated fossil corals (Porites lutea) collected from eastern Hainan Island in the northern South China Sea (SCS), spanning 5829–2643 years before present (a BP, relative to 1950 Common Era [CE]). Using a robust calibration between coral growth rate and sea surface temperature (SST), we quantitatively reconstruct annual SST fluctuations in the northern SCS, ranging from 24.2 °C to 27.5 °C, with a mean of 25.6 ± 0.4 °C (1σ), approximately 0.7 °C lower than the baseline of 1982–2023 CE. The SST record reveals at least 18 cold periods occurring quasi-periodically at ∼200-year intervals, with their durations shortening toward the Late Holocene. Since coral growth rates closely track local SST variability, interannual ENSO signals are reliably preserved in the coral archive. The inferred ENSO variability exhibits pronounced multidecadal modulation, transitioning from weaker-than-present, persistent La Niña-like conditions in the Mid-Holocene (∼5800–4200 a BP) to stronger-than-present, prolonged El Niño-like conditions in the Late Holocene (∼4200–2600 a BP). These ENSO shifts cannot be fully explained by external forcings such as orbital insolation or volcanic activity, highlighting the predominant role of internal ocean–atmosphere dynamics in modulating ENSO evolution during the Holocene.
El Niño-Southern涛动（ENSO）主导着全球年际气候变率，并对人类社会产生重大影响。然而，ENSO在全新世期间的行为仍然缺乏限制和争论，限制了我们评估其长期动态的能力。本文利用在南海北部海南岛东部采集的113个u系列年代的珊瑚化石（Porites lutea），对2203年的珊瑚年生长率进行了间断记录，时间跨度为距今5829-2643年（一个BP，相对于1950 Common Era [CE]）。利用珊瑚生长速率和海表温度（SST）之间的稳健校准，我们定量地重建了南海北部海表温度的年波动，范围为24.2°C至27.5°C，平均为25.6±0.4°C (1σ)，比1982-2023 CE的基线低约0.7°C。海温记录显示，至少有18个冷期以准周期性的方式出现，间隔为200年，其持续时间向晚全新世方向缩短。由于珊瑚的生长速度与当地海温的变化密切相关，年际ENSO信号被可靠地保存在珊瑚档案中。推断的ENSO变率表现出明显的多年代变，从全新世中期（~ 5800-4200 a BP）弱于现在的持续La Niña-like条件过渡到全新世晚期（~ 4200-2600 a BP）强于现在的持续El Niño-like条件。这些ENSO变化不能完全用轨道日照或火山活动等外部强迫来解释，这突出了全新世期间内部海洋-大气动力学在调节ENSO演变中的主导作用。
{"title":"ENSO variations during the mid- to late Holocene: Evidence from coral growth rates spanning 2203 years in the northern South China Sea","authors":"Dahua Huang , Kefu Yu , Leilei Jiang , Wei Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105259","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105259","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) dominates global interannual climate variability and significantly impacts human societies. However, ENSO behavior during the Holocene remains poorly constrained and debated, limiting our ability to assess its long-term dynamics. Here, we present a 2203-year, discontinuous record of annual coral growth rates, derived from 113 U-series-dated fossil corals (<em>Porites lutea</em>) collected from eastern Hainan Island in the northern South China Sea (SCS), spanning 5829–2643 years before present (a BP, relative to 1950 Common Era [CE]). Using a robust calibration between coral growth rate and sea surface temperature (SST), we quantitatively reconstruct annual SST fluctuations in the northern SCS, ranging from 24.2 °C to 27.5 °C, with a mean of 25.6 ± 0.4 °C (1σ), approximately 0.7 °C lower than the baseline of 1982–2023 CE. The SST record reveals at least 18 cold periods occurring quasi-periodically at ∼200-year intervals, with their durations shortening toward the Late Holocene. Since coral growth rates closely track local SST variability, interannual ENSO signals are reliably preserved in the coral archive. The inferred ENSO variability exhibits pronounced multidecadal modulation, transitioning from weaker-than-present, persistent La Niña-like conditions in the Mid-Holocene (∼5800–4200 a BP) to stronger-than-present, prolonged El Niño-like conditions in the Late Holocene (∼4200–2600 a BP). These ENSO shifts cannot be fully explained by external forcings such as orbital insolation or volcanic activity, highlighting the predominant role of internal ocean–atmosphere dynamics in modulating ENSO evolution during the Holocene.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55089,"journal":{"name":"Global and Planetary Change","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 105259"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145785310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-17DOI: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105257
Yuanhao Sun , Jiheng Shi , Qinghai Xu , Jingyi Liu , Zili Wang , Jiaqi Pang , Jia Hao , Shengrui Zhang , Jianhui Chen
Relative pollen productivity (RPP) is a key parameter for reconstructing past vegetation and land-cover using fossil pollen records. Despite the ecological importance of cold-temperate coniferous forests in mid- to high-latitude regions, few RPP estimates exist for the major taxa in these ecosystems in East Asia. Based on pollen data from 39 moss polsters and vegetation surveys from 1048 quadrats and transects in the Greater Khingan Mountains in Northeast China, we estimated the relevant source area of pollen (RSAP) and the RPP of 6 major woody taxa in cold-temperate coniferous forest, using the Extended R-Value (ERV) model. The most robust pollen-vegetation relationships were obtained using ERV sub-model 1 and the inverse distance (1/d) weighting of vegetation data, resulting in an estimated RSAP of 745 m. The RPP values, relative to Betula (set as 1), were as follows: Pinus (0.3593 ± 0.015), Quercus (0.0925 ± 0.0122), Picea (0.0655 ± 0.0092), Larix (0.0247 ± 0.0015), and Alnus (0.0010 ± 0.0082). Comparison with RPP studies from other temperate forests revealed substantial spatial variability, likely driven by differences in plant community composition and structure. Among different vegetation types, the high cover and wide distribution of the dominant plants can contribute substantially to the regional background pollen loading, leading to higher RPP values. Moreover, pollen taxa with high dispersal ability, such as Pinus, may exhibit higher RPP values within its low-cover communities due to their effective dispersal and deposition processes. To evaluate the reliability and applicability of RPP-based quantitative land-cover reconstructions, we further reconstructed the land-cover changes over the past millennium in the Moon Lake area of the Greater Khingan Mountains. The reconstruction results based on surface samples were very similar to modern vegetation survey data. Comparison with paleoclimate records indicated that warm and humid periods promoted regional vegetation expansion, particularly Quercus and Pinus, whereas colder intervals promoted the spread of Larix. The increase in Betula during the Current Warm Period diverges from long-term historical patterns—likely reflecting the combined effects of both climate warming and intensified human disturbance. These findings underscore the great potential of RPP-based land-cover reconstructions for revealing past vegetation patterns and related ecological processes.
{"title":"Relative pollen productivity estimates and quantitative land-cover reconstruction over the past millennium in cold-temperate coniferous forest in Northeast China","authors":"Yuanhao Sun , Jiheng Shi , Qinghai Xu , Jingyi Liu , Zili Wang , Jiaqi Pang , Jia Hao , Shengrui Zhang , Jianhui Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105257","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105257","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Relative pollen productivity (RPP) is a key parameter for reconstructing past vegetation and land-cover using fossil pollen records. Despite the ecological importance of cold-temperate coniferous forests in mid- to high-latitude regions, few RPP estimates exist for the major taxa in these ecosystems in East Asia. Based on pollen data from 39 moss polsters and vegetation surveys from 1048 quadrats and transects in the Greater Khingan Mountains in Northeast China, we estimated the relevant source area of pollen (RSAP) and the RPP of 6 major woody taxa in cold-temperate coniferous forest, using the Extended R-Value (ERV) model. The most robust pollen-vegetation relationships were obtained using ERV sub-model 1 and the inverse distance (1/d) weighting of vegetation data, resulting in an estimated RSAP of 745 m. The RPP values, relative to <em>Betula</em> (set as 1), were as follows: <em>Pinus</em> (0.3593 ± 0.015), <em>Quercus</em> (0.0925 ± 0.0122), <em>Picea</em> (0.0655 ± 0.0092), <em>Larix</em> (0.0247 ± 0.0015), and <em>Alnus</em> (0.0010 ± 0.0082). Comparison with RPP studies from other temperate forests revealed substantial spatial variability, likely driven by differences in plant community composition and structure. Among different vegetation types, the high cover and wide distribution of the dominant plants can contribute substantially to the regional background pollen loading, leading to higher RPP values. Moreover, pollen taxa with high dispersal ability, such as <em>Pinus</em>, may exhibit higher RPP values within its low-cover communities due to their effective dispersal and deposition processes. To evaluate the reliability and applicability of RPP-based quantitative land-cover reconstructions, we further reconstructed the land-cover changes over the past millennium in the Moon Lake area of the Greater Khingan Mountains. The reconstruction results based on surface samples were very similar to modern vegetation survey data. Comparison with paleoclimate records indicated that warm and humid periods promoted regional vegetation expansion, particularly <em>Quercus</em> and <em>Pinus</em>, whereas colder intervals promoted the spread of <em>Larix</em>. The increase in <em>Betula</em> during the Current Warm Period diverges from long-term historical patterns—likely reflecting the combined effects of both climate warming and intensified human disturbance. These findings underscore the great potential of RPP-based land-cover reconstructions for revealing past vegetation patterns and related ecological processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55089,"journal":{"name":"Global and Planetary Change","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 105257"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145785312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-17DOI: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105254
Bo Wang , Rukai Zhu , Xinping Liang , Quanyou Liu , Andrey Yu Bychkov , Qingbin Xie , Yuanyuan Zhang
The sulphur (S) cycle is important for reconstructing paleoenvironmental evolution and organic matter enrichment. Compared with research on marine environment, studies on the terrestrial sulphur cycle and its relationship with key geological events, such as volcanic activity or hydrothermal fluids, are more limited. The Fengcheng Formation in the Mahu Sag of the Junggar Basin in northwestern China, which was deposited during the Carboniferous to early Permian in an alkaline lake, is an ideal research object for studying the relationship between the terrestrial sulphur cycle and geological events. Therefore, in this work, we established a link between volcanic activity and the alkaline lacustrine carbon–sulphur cycle during the Carboniferous–Permian Fengcheng Formation through petrologic, geochemical, and geophysical data from the MY1 Well in the Mahu Sag. The results revealed that (1) multiple volcanic episodes occurred during the deposition of the Fengcheng Formation, as evidenced by high mercury (Hg) concentrations, high Hg/S ratios, increased sulphate concentrations and large negative pyrite sulphur isotope (δ34Spy) values (to −20.52 ‰); (2) long-term ferruginous bottom water conditions may have been conducive to the preservation of organic matter; however, sulphate from volcanic activity promoted bacterial sulphate reduction, resulting in intermittent alternating euxinic conditions, as evidenced by iron speciation, molybdenum concentrations, and framboid and euhedral pyrite morphologies, which may have resulted in some consumption of organic matter; and (3) after volcanic activity, most of the sulphate in the lake water was depleted, and the bottom water gradually closed and was continuously enriched with positive δ34Spy. Therefore, volcanic activity appears to have been the key factor controlling the sulphur cycle and organic matter enrichment through increased sulphate fluctuations in the oldest alkaline lake during the deposition of the Fengcheng Formation. This study sheds new light on the sulphur cycle of ancient alkaline lakes and can serve as a reference for organic matter enrichment under different mechanisms in shale.
{"title":"Volcanic impact on terrestrial sulphur cycling during the Carboniferous-Permian in an alkaline lake in the Junggar Basin, NW China","authors":"Bo Wang , Rukai Zhu , Xinping Liang , Quanyou Liu , Andrey Yu Bychkov , Qingbin Xie , Yuanyuan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105254","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105254","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The sulphur (S) cycle is important for reconstructing paleoenvironmental evolution and organic matter enrichment. Compared with research on marine environment, studies on the terrestrial sulphur cycle and its relationship with key geological events, such as volcanic activity or hydrothermal fluids, are more limited. The Fengcheng Formation in the Mahu Sag of the Junggar Basin in northwestern China, which was deposited during the Carboniferous to early Permian in an alkaline lake, is an ideal research object for studying the relationship between the terrestrial sulphur cycle and geological events. Therefore, in this work, we established a link between volcanic activity and the alkaline lacustrine carbon–sulphur cycle during the Carboniferous–Permian Fengcheng Formation through petrologic, geochemical, and geophysical data from the MY1 Well in the Mahu Sag. The results revealed that (1) multiple volcanic episodes occurred during the deposition of the Fengcheng Formation, as evidenced by high mercury (Hg) concentrations, high Hg/S ratios, increased sulphate concentrations and large negative pyrite sulphur isotope (δ<sup>34</sup>S<sub>py</sub>) values (to −20.52 ‰); (2) long-term ferruginous bottom water conditions may have been conducive to the preservation of organic matter; however, sulphate from volcanic activity promoted bacterial sulphate reduction, resulting in intermittent alternating euxinic conditions, as evidenced by iron speciation, molybdenum concentrations, and framboid and euhedral pyrite morphologies, which may have resulted in some consumption of organic matter; and (3) after volcanic activity, most of the sulphate in the lake water was depleted, and the bottom water gradually closed and was continuously enriched with positive δ<sup>34</sup>S<sub>py</sub>. Therefore, volcanic activity appears to have been the key factor controlling the sulphur cycle and organic matter enrichment through increased sulphate fluctuations in the oldest alkaline lake during the deposition of the Fengcheng Formation. This study sheds new light on the sulphur cycle of ancient alkaline lakes and can serve as a reference for organic matter enrichment under different mechanisms in shale.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55089,"journal":{"name":"Global and Planetary Change","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 105254"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145785311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-16DOI: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105251
Gábor Csillag , Károly Németh , Krisztina Sebe , Tamás Telbisz , Zsófia Ruszkiczay-Rüdiger , László Fodor
The analysis of basaltic volcanic edifices and connected landforms are important and useful not only in volcanic reconstruction but also in tracking past denudation surfaces, their evolution, deformation and gradual dissection by drainage incision and deflation. The Bakony-Balaton Highland and Little Hungarian Plain Volcanic Fields are two typical phreatomagmatic monogenetic intracontinental volcanic fields located in the western Pannonian Basin, Central Europe. These Late Miocene-Pliocene (7.96–2.61 Ma) volcanic fields comprise diverse monogenetic volcanic landforms, including shield volcanoes, maar diatremes, volcanic plugs and erosional remnants of scoria and spatter cones. Detailed and systematic spatial-temporal analysis of volcanic facies within individual volcanoes across the two volcanic fields were used to reconstruct the topographic position of the syn-volcanic palaeosurface upon which the volcanoes developed. Considering the previously published age of the volcanic rocks (constrained by KAr, ArAr geochronology, palaeontology, and magnetostratigraphy) and the palaeo-elevations, averaged uplift rates were derived for all data points. As the northwestern part of the area (Little Hungarian Plain Volcanic Field) first experienced subsidence and fluvial sediments interfingered with volcanic rocks, this initial phase was corrected for in uplift rate calculations. From the spatially and temporally scattered data points the position of palaeosurfaces were reconstructed on maps and cross-sections at 4 selected time slices using the subsidence and uplift rate values. The developed modelling method allows the reconstruction of palaeosurfaces for any chosen time point within the time range of the data points and can be used for datasets with uneven temporal distribution as well.
The reconstructed palaeosurfaces and the calculated rock uplift rates show spatial and temporal variations from ∼20 to ∼100 m/Ma. Before ∼3.5 Ma the Bakony-Balaton Highland and Little Hungarian Plain Volcanic Field showed opposite differential vertical motions having been positive and negative, respectively. After ∼3.5 Ma all areas underwent uplift, but the south-western part exhibits larger uplift values than the north-eastern one. This complex differential vertical motion history points to the interplay of complex governing processes. These could involve the intraplate compressional stress related to neotectonic basin inversion and crustal and mantle processes at depth, coupled with surface processes like variable unloading by denudation and loading by sedimentation in the axial and marginal parts of the area, respectively.
{"title":"Reconstructing syn-volcanic palaeosurfaces using monogenetic volcanic landforms: a methodological study and inferences for neotectonic deformation (Western Pannonian Basin, Hungary)","authors":"Gábor Csillag , Károly Németh , Krisztina Sebe , Tamás Telbisz , Zsófia Ruszkiczay-Rüdiger , László Fodor","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105251","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105251","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The analysis of basaltic volcanic edifices and connected landforms are important and useful not only in volcanic reconstruction but also in tracking past denudation surfaces, their evolution, deformation and gradual dissection by drainage incision and deflation. The Bakony-Balaton Highland and Little Hungarian Plain Volcanic Fields are two typical phreatomagmatic monogenetic intracontinental volcanic fields located in the western Pannonian Basin, Central Europe. These Late Miocene-Pliocene (7.96–2.61 Ma) volcanic fields comprise diverse monogenetic volcanic landforms, including shield volcanoes, maar diatremes, volcanic plugs and erosional remnants of scoria and spatter cones. Detailed and systematic spatial-temporal analysis of volcanic facies within individual volcanoes across the two volcanic fields were used to reconstruct the topographic position of the <em>syn</em>-volcanic palaeosurface upon which the volcanoes developed. Considering the previously published age of the volcanic rocks (constrained by K<img>Ar, Ar<img>Ar geochronology, palaeontology, and magnetostratigraphy) and the palaeo-elevations, averaged uplift rates were derived for all data points. As the northwestern part of the area (Little Hungarian Plain Volcanic Field) first experienced subsidence and fluvial sediments interfingered with volcanic rocks, this initial phase was corrected for in uplift rate calculations. From the spatially and temporally scattered data points the position of palaeosurfaces were reconstructed on maps and cross-sections at 4 selected time slices using the subsidence and uplift rate values. The developed modelling method allows the reconstruction of palaeosurfaces for any chosen time point within the time range of the data points and can be used for datasets with uneven temporal distribution as well.</div><div>The reconstructed palaeosurfaces and the calculated rock uplift rates show spatial and temporal variations from ∼20 to ∼100 m/Ma. Before ∼3.5 Ma the Bakony-Balaton Highland and Little Hungarian Plain Volcanic Field showed opposite differential vertical motions having been positive and negative, respectively. After ∼3.5 Ma all areas underwent uplift, but the south-western part exhibits larger uplift values than the north-eastern one. This complex differential vertical motion history points to the interplay of complex governing processes. These could involve the intraplate compressional stress related to neotectonic basin inversion and crustal and mantle processes at depth, coupled with surface processes like variable unloading by denudation and loading by sedimentation in the axial and marginal parts of the area, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55089,"journal":{"name":"Global and Planetary Change","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 105251"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145785314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-16DOI: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105249
Fang Wang , Guoliang Lei , Chotika Muangsong , Binggui Cai , Miaofa Li , Keyan Fang , Nathsuda Pumijumnong , Rattanakorn Chatwatthana , Shankar Panthi
The East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM) precipitation in southeastern (SE) China has intraseasonal evolution, unique characteristics, and complex drivers. Within the EASM, April precipitation plays a crucial role in the first rainy season (FRS) precipitation. Accurately quantifying the long-term temporal variability of FRS precipitation is essential for enhancing monthly and seasonal precipitation forecasts. This study presented the hitherto longest tree-ring δ18O chronologies (LSMδ18O) of Cryptomeria fortune trees spanning 201 years (1816–2016 CE) from Fujian province in SE China. The LSMδ18O chronology showed the strongest negative correlation with monthly precipitation in April (r = −0.59, p < 0.001) for the calibration period 1951–2016 CE, indicating a strong association between the tree-ring δ18O signature and FRS precipitation variability. This relationship enabled the first reconstruction of April precipitation (reconstructed PREApr) in SE China for the period 1856–2016 CE. A total of 30 % (48 events) of precipitation anomalies were observed in the reconstruction. The low-PREApr anomalies were identified, for example, in 1875, 1895, 1902, 1987, 1998, and 2004 CE. Reconstrued PREApr revealed spectral peaks of 2–7 years high-frequency periodicities associated with El Niño–Southern Oscillation activities due to higher sea surface temperature variation at the tropical Pacific Ocean. The reconstructed PREApr effectively captured the synchronous precipitation shifts across SE China and the western Pacific domain, indicating an anomalous declining trend in the large-scale precipitation changes since the 1950s CE. The seasonal extreme precipitation events associated with rising Northern Hemisphere temperatures have become more frequent and severe in SE China under a warming climate.
{"title":"Tree-ring δ18O reveals a consistent decrease in April precipitation in southeastern China since the 1950s and its linkage to global climate phenomena","authors":"Fang Wang , Guoliang Lei , Chotika Muangsong , Binggui Cai , Miaofa Li , Keyan Fang , Nathsuda Pumijumnong , Rattanakorn Chatwatthana , Shankar Panthi","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105249","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105249","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM) precipitation in southeastern (SE) China has intraseasonal evolution, unique characteristics, and complex drivers. Within the EASM, April precipitation plays a crucial role in the first rainy season (FRS) precipitation. Accurately quantifying the long-term temporal variability of FRS precipitation is essential for enhancing monthly and seasonal precipitation forecasts. This study presented the hitherto longest tree-ring δ<sup>18</sup>O chronologies (LSMδ<sup>18</sup>O) of <em>Cryptomeria fortune</em> trees spanning 201 years (1816–2016 CE) from Fujian province in SE China. The LSMδ<sup>18</sup>O chronology showed the strongest negative correlation with monthly precipitation in April (<em>r</em> = −0.59, <em>p</em> < 0.001) for the calibration period 1951–2016 CE, indicating a strong association between the tree-ring δ<sup>18</sup>O signature and FRS precipitation variability. This relationship enabled the first reconstruction of April precipitation (reconstructed PRE<sub>Apr</sub>) in SE China for the period 1856–2016 CE. A total of 30 % (48 events) of precipitation anomalies were observed in the reconstruction. The low-PRE<sub>Apr</sub> anomalies were identified, for example, in 1875, 1895, 1902, 1987, 1998, and 2004 CE. Reconstrued PRE<sub>Apr</sub> revealed spectral peaks of 2–7 years high-frequency periodicities associated with El Niño–Southern Oscillation activities due to higher sea surface temperature variation at the tropical Pacific Ocean. The reconstructed PRE<sub>Apr</sub> effectively captured the synchronous precipitation shifts across SE China and the western Pacific domain, indicating an anomalous declining trend in the large-scale precipitation changes since the 1950s CE. The seasonal extreme precipitation events associated with rising Northern Hemisphere temperatures have become more frequent and severe in SE China under a warming climate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55089,"journal":{"name":"Global and Planetary Change","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 105249"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145785316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-15DOI: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105252
Senlin Tang , Qiang Zhang , Xintong Gong , Chong-Yu Xu , Vijay P. Singh , Fubao Sun , Yao Feng , Ziwei Li , Likun Han
Abstract
Water is vital for the sustainability of human society, and rational water resources management and effective adaptation strategies require a clear and holistic understanding of the drivers and uncertainties influencing water availability. However, the key factors and uncertainties, and their spatial heterogeneity in global water resources remain poorly quantified. Here, we employed optimal fingerprinting to identify the drivers of global water resources changes from 1980 to 2014. We found that greenhouse gas (GHG) forcing explains approximately 77.6 % of the observed upward trend, significantly outweighing the contributions from natural external forcing (NAT, 45.8 %) and aerosols (AER, −23.4 %). We evaluated the contributions of internal variability, model uncertainty, and scenario uncertainty to future global water-resource projections, and attributed ∼89.2 % of the total variance to the model uncertainty. Furthermore, by integrating historical observations (1995–2014) with the emergent constraint method, we reduced uncertainties in future projections (2081–2100) under the SSP2–4.5 and SSP5–8.5 scenarios. The constrained projections revealed the underestimation of water-resource changes by 18.0 % (SSP2–4.5) and 13.4 % (SSP5–8.5) for the 2081–2100 period. Notably, model uncertainty under both warming scenarios fell by 33.1 % and 26.4 %, respectively, substantially boosting the reliability of future projections. These findings advance our understanding of the drivers and uncertainties in global water resources, informing adaptation strategies and long-term water resources planning.
{"title":"Emergent constraints reveal underprediction of future global water availability under anthropogenic forcing","authors":"Senlin Tang , Qiang Zhang , Xintong Gong , Chong-Yu Xu , Vijay P. Singh , Fubao Sun , Yao Feng , Ziwei Li , Likun Han","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105252","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105252","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Abstract</h3><div>Water is vital for the sustainability of human society, and rational water resources management and effective adaptation strategies require a clear and holistic understanding of the drivers and uncertainties influencing water availability. However, the key factors and uncertainties, and their spatial heterogeneity in global water resources remain poorly quantified. Here, we employed optimal fingerprinting to identify the drivers of global water resources changes from 1980 to 2014. We found that greenhouse gas (GHG) forcing explains approximately 77.6 % of the observed upward trend, significantly outweighing the contributions from natural external forcing (NAT, 45.8 %) and aerosols (AER, −23.4 %). We evaluated the contributions of internal variability, model uncertainty, and scenario uncertainty to future global water-resource projections, and attributed ∼89.2 % of the total variance to the model uncertainty. Furthermore, by integrating historical observations (1995–2014) with the emergent constraint method, we reduced uncertainties in future projections (2081–2100) under the SSP2–4.5 and SSP5–8.5 scenarios. The constrained projections revealed the underestimation of water-resource changes by 18.0 % (SSP2–4.5) and 13.4 % (SSP5–8.5) for the 2081–2100 period. Notably, model uncertainty under both warming scenarios fell by 33.1 % and 26.4 %, respectively, substantially boosting the reliability of future projections. These findings advance our understanding of the drivers and uncertainties in global water resources, informing adaptation strategies and long-term water resources planning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55089,"journal":{"name":"Global and Planetary Change","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 105252"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145785315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-15DOI: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105255
Zhaoxia Ge , Jiaheng Shen , Huan Yang , Xiaoqing Liu , Zhiqiang Yu , Chenglong Deng , Haibin Wu , Zhonghe Zhou
The Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota of northeastern China, a remarkable terrestrial lagerstätte, is renowned for its exceptional fossil preservation of diverse organisms, including plants, insects, dinosaurs, birds, and mammals. The Jehol Biota is commonly divided into three stages: JBS I, II, and III. However, detailed paleoclimatic reconstructions across these stages remain scarce. Here we report the distributions and compound-specific carbon isotopes of alkanes from JBS I samples collected in the Sichakou Basin. We then integrate these findings with previous alkane data from JBS II and JBS III to reconstruct secular climate changes. Our results reveal an overall shift toward relatively dry and cool conditions from JBS I to JBS III, with the most arid interval occurring between late JBS II and early JBS III. Specifically, the results are reflected in our proxies as follows: the average chain length of n-alkanes increased, the aquatic plant n-alkane contribution index decreased, the pristane/phytane ratio increased, and the carbon isotopes of n-alkanes showed a positive shift from JBS I to JBS III, with the most pronounced values observed from late JBS II to early JBS III. Quantitative analysis of n-alkane carbon isotope values suggests an estimated average mean annual precipitation of ∼1200 mm/yr across these stages, with the minimum values recorded between late JBS II and early JBS III. We suggest that shrinking atmospheric circulation likely drove the reduced precipitation observed in the Jehol Biota region. This study provides a comprehensive paleoclimatic reconstruction for the Jehol period and suggests that major radiation of the Jehol Biota may have occurred under relatively dry and cool conditions.
{"title":"Arid and cool climate transition during the evolution of the Jehol Biota and its implications","authors":"Zhaoxia Ge , Jiaheng Shen , Huan Yang , Xiaoqing Liu , Zhiqiang Yu , Chenglong Deng , Haibin Wu , Zhonghe Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105255","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105255","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota of northeastern China, a remarkable terrestrial lagerstätte, is renowned for its exceptional fossil preservation of diverse organisms, including plants, insects, dinosaurs, birds, and mammals. The Jehol Biota is commonly divided into three stages: JBS I, II, and III. However, detailed paleoclimatic reconstructions across these stages remain scarce. Here we report the distributions and compound-specific carbon isotopes of alkanes from JBS I samples collected in the Sichakou Basin. We then integrate these findings with previous alkane data from JBS II and JBS III to reconstruct secular climate changes. Our results reveal an overall shift toward relatively dry and cool conditions from JBS I to JBS III, with the most arid interval occurring between late JBS II and early JBS III. Specifically, the results are reflected in our proxies as follows: the average chain length of <em>n</em>-alkanes increased, the aquatic plant <em>n</em>-alkane contribution index decreased, the pristane/phytane ratio increased, and the carbon isotopes of <em>n</em>-alkanes showed a positive shift from JBS I to JBS III, with the most pronounced values observed from late JBS II to early JBS III. Quantitative analysis of <em>n</em>-alkane carbon isotope values suggests an estimated average mean annual precipitation of ∼1200 mm/yr across these stages, with the minimum values recorded between late JBS II and early JBS III. We suggest that shrinking atmospheric circulation likely drove the reduced precipitation observed in the Jehol Biota region. This study provides a comprehensive paleoclimatic reconstruction for the Jehol period and suggests that major radiation of the Jehol Biota may have occurred under relatively dry and cool conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55089,"journal":{"name":"Global and Planetary Change","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 105255"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145785317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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